CN115316549A - Feed additive for improving reproductive capacity of cocks and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Feed additive for improving reproductive capacity of cocks and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN115316549A
CN115316549A CN202211027551.8A CN202211027551A CN115316549A CN 115316549 A CN115316549 A CN 115316549A CN 202211027551 A CN202211027551 A CN 202211027551A CN 115316549 A CN115316549 A CN 115316549A
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parts
cocks
feed additive
selenium
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李雄
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    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
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    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/189—Enzymes
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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Abstract

The invention provides a feed additive for improving the reproductive capacity of cocks and a preparation method thereof, and the feed additive is prepared by taking selenium-rich barley pest powder, taurine, arginine, cassava residue, haematococcus pluvialis, nano zinc, compound trace elements, a complex enzyme preparation, water-soluble vitamins, water, fat-soluble vitamins, duck oil grease, locust bean gum, nano cellulose with negative charges, halloysite nanotubes with positive charges and the like as raw materials. The feed additive obtained by the invention is especially suitable for the breeding characteristics of modern chicken raising industry, greatly improves the reproductive capacity of cocks, and has good market popularization prospect.

Description

Feed additive for improving reproductive capacity of cocks and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, in particular to a feed additive for improving the reproductive capacity of cocks and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the expansion of the breeding scale of the chicken industry, the market demand of high-quality chicks is larger and larger, past researches mostly focus on the reproductive capacity of hens, but ignore the reproductive capacity of cocks. Modern chicken industry is characterized by high density and intensification, and the traditional inefficient free-ranging natural mating (8-10 hens are matched with one cock) is rapidly developed into efficient cage-breeding artificial insemination (25-30 hens are matched with one cock). Therefore, the modern chicken raising industry needs a large amount of semen of the breeding cocks, the semen collection frequency is high, the breeding cocks are very easy to have the problems of less ejaculatory amount, poor semen quality and the like, the fertilization rate and the hatching rate are directly influenced, and the continuous development of the chicken raising industry is restricted.
At present, the feed or feed additive for the laying cock is available on the market, and generally has the following problems: the oily additive can reduce the palatability of the chicken feed, has incomplete nutritional effect, can additionally increase the energy of the feed, and is easy to make the cocks fat, so that the reproductive performance is reduced; the use of antibiotics often causes premature sexual function of the cocks before the cock does not reach the normal use period, directly influences the fertilization rate of the breeding hens in the later laying period, and causes great loss to breeding hens; when the breeding cock is older in a week, the reproductive performance of the breeding cock is obviously reduced, and if the breeding cock is not supplemented with a proper feed additive, the sperm motility of the breeding cock is reduced.
Patent application CN103621803A discloses a green feed for effectively controlling weight of egg breeding cocks, which is prepared by mixing raw materials of corn, corncob, oat hull, bean pulp, rye, pea meal, pea straw, bean curd residue, tenebrio molitor powder, stone powder, chicken liver powder, hydrolyzed feather powder, camellia oleifera seeds, sunflower seeds, tartary buckwheat tea powder, ilex latifolia tea powder, corn leaves, plantain herb, salt and a phagostimulant.
The patent application CN103583837A discloses a method for preparing a feed additive for cocks, which is prepared by taking L-lysine, D, L-methionine, sodium glutamate, manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate, amino acid chelated copper, zinc sulfate, calcium carbonate, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid, folic acid, feather powder, epimedium herb, rehmannia glutinosa, cistanche deserticola, dipsacus root, red paeony root, polygala tenuifolia, bighead atractylodes rhizome, coix seed, poria cocos and betel nut as raw materials through the processes of mixing and crushing. The patent technology uses too many traditional Chinese medicine components, the potential side effect is unpredictable, and certain influence is caused on the fertility rate, the hatchability and the survival rate of the chicks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a feed additive for improving the reproductive capacity of cocks and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problem of low reproductive capacity of breeding cocks in the modern chicken breeding industry.
In order to realize the aim, the invention provides a feed additive for improving the reproductive capacity of cocks, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 65-75 parts of selenium-rich barley pest powder, 5-7 parts of taurine, 3-4 parts of arginine, 15-25 parts of cassava residue, 5-7 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 3-5 parts of nano zinc, 0.2-0.3 part of composite trace elements, 0.5-0.7 part of a composite enzyme preparation, 0.5-0.7 part of water-soluble vitamins, 1-2 parts of water, 1-2 parts of fat-soluble vitamins, 1-2 parts of duck oil grease, 2-3 parts of locust bean gum, 8-10 parts of nano-cellulose with negative charges and 8-10 parts of halloysite nanotubes with positive charges.
Preferably, the preparation method of the selenium-rich barley pest powder comprises the following steps: firstly, drying the waste mushroom sticks of the selenium-rich mushrooms, crushing and sieving the waste mushroom sticks with a 20-30-mesh sieve to obtain selenium-rich mushroom bran, and then mixing the selenium-rich mushroom bran, wheat bran and bean pulp according to the mass ratio of 3-5: 20 to 22:1, uniformly mixing to obtain a feed, feeding the barley pest larvae of 0-10 days old with the feed, culturing until the barley pest larvae are 80-90 days old, drying, and crushing to 200-300 meshes to obtain the selenium-enriched barley pest powder.
Further preferably, the feed is fed every two days, and the feeding amount of the feed is 25-35% of the weight of the barley pest larvae; the culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 25-27 ℃, the relative humidity is 65-75%, and the culture density is 6-8 heads/cm 2 。
Preferably, the preparation method of the duck oil fat comprises the following steps: washing the waste duck crushed materials, soaking the duck crushed materials in saline water with the mass concentration of 1-2% which is 3-5 times of the weight of the duck crushed materials for 20-30 minutes, removing residual duck blood and other attachments, sterilizing by microwave, and refining at 120-130 ℃ for 70-80 minutes to obtain the duck oil grease.
Preferably, the composite trace elements are obtained by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 0.12 to 0.15 portion of ferrous sulfate, 0.05 to 0.09 portion of copper sulfate and 0.03 to 0.06 portion of manganese sulfate.
Preferably, the complex enzyme preparation is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 0.3 to 0.35 portion of protease, 0.1 to 0.15 portion of amylase, 0.05 to 0.1 portion of cellulase, 0.03 to 0.05 portion of xylanase and 0.02 to 0.05 portion of beta-mannase.
Preferably, the water-soluble cellulose comprises, in parts by weight: 0.4 to 0.5 portion of B vitamins and 0.1 to 0.2 portion of vitamin C.
Preferably, the fat-soluble cellulose comprises, in parts by weight: 0.4 to 0.6 portion of vitamin A and vitamin D 3 0.3 to 0.5 portion of vitamin E, 0.2 to 0.5 portion of vitamin K 3 0.1 to 0.4 portion.
Preferably, the negatively charged nanocellulose is prepared by the following method in parts by weight: immersing 10 parts of reed pulp board in distilled water, defibering by using a cellulose defibering machine, adding 0.015-0.02 part of tetramethylpiperidine oxide, 1.2-1.5 parts of sodium hypochlorite and 0.15-0.2 part of sodium bromide, adjusting the pH =10, stirring and reacting at 30-32 ℃ for 3-4 hours, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation treatment at 400-500W for 40-50 minutes, and drying to obtain the nano cellulose with negative charges.
Preferably, the halloysite nanotube with positive charge is prepared by the following method in parts by weight: ultrasonically dispersing 10 parts of halloysite nanotubes in 40-50 parts of 2-3 mol/L dilute sulfuric acid, stirring and reacting for 10-12 hours at 70-75 ℃, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, washing the precipitate to be neutral, and drying the precipitate in vacuum to obtain pretreated halloysite nanotubes; then uniformly mixing the pretreated halloysite nanotube with 20-30 parts of 2-3 mg/mL polyethyleneimine water solution, stirring for 40-50 minutes at 30-35 ℃, and centrifuging to obtain the precipitate.
The preparation method of the feed additive for improving the reproductive capacity of the cocks comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Mixing the manioc waste, haematococcus pluvialis and nano zinc according to the formula ratio to prepare a fermentation substrate, inoculating phaffia rhodozyma and bacillus subtilis, fermenting, performing ultrasonic oscillation, filtering to obtain a fermentation liquid, adding the fermentation liquid, taurine and arginine according to the formula ratio into a gelatin-sodium alginate mixed solution, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a premixed solution, dropwise adding the premixed solution into a calcium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 1.5-2.5%, standing, drying to obtain microcapsules, and continuously gelling the microcapsules by using nano cellulose with negative charges and halloysite nanotubes with positive charges to obtain gelled microcapsules;
(2) Then uniformly mixing the gelatinized microcapsule with the selenium-rich barley pest powder according to the formula ratio to obtain mixed powder, and performing puffing treatment to obtain a puffed material;
(3) Dissolving the compound trace elements, the compound enzyme preparation and the water-soluble vitamins in the formula amount in water to obtain an aqueous solution, dissolving the fat-soluble vitamins in the formula amount in the duck oil grease to obtain an oil solution, uniformly spraying the aqueous solution on the surface of the puffed material, drying, uniformly spraying the oil solution, forming a film to obtain a pretreated puffed material, and finally coating the puffed material by using the locust bean gum in the formula amount to obtain the feed additive.
Preferably, in the step (1), water is added to adjust the water content to be 30-40 wt% when preparing the fermentation substrate; the phaffia rhodozyma and the bacillus subtilis are respectively prepared into corresponding seed solutions and then inoculated, and the volume inoculation amount is respectively 2-3% and 1-2%.
Preferably, in the step (1), the fermentation process conditions are as follows: fermenting for 3-4 days at 25-27 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (1), the process conditions of ultrasonic oscillation are as follows: ultrasonic oscillation of 300-400W for 2-3 hr.
Preferably, in the step (1), in the gelatin-sodium alginate mixed solution, the mass ratio of gelatin to sodium alginate is 1:2, the mass ratio of the fermentation liquor to the mixed solution is 1:7 to 9.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mass ratio of the premixed solution to the calcium chloride solution is 1:5 to 6.
Preferably, in the step (1), the standing process conditions are as follows: standing for 90-120 minutes at room temperature.
Preferably, in the step (1), the preparation method of the gelated microcapsule is as follows: firstly, uniformly dispersing the negatively charged nano-cellulose with 30-40 times of water by using ultrasonic waves to obtain nano-cellulose dispersion liquid, uniformly dispersing the positively charged halloysite nano-tubes with 30-40 times of water by using ultrasonic waves to obtain halloysite nano-tube dispersion liquid, then adding the obtained microcapsules into the halloysite nano-tube dispersion liquid, carrying out 300-400W ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 30-40 minutes, continuously adding the nano-cellulose dispersion liquid, stirring for 30-40 minutes at 300-500 r/min to realize crosslinking gelation, and drying to obtain the gelled microcapsules.
Preferably, in the step (2), a bulking machine is used for bulking, water which is 0.07-0.08 times of the weight of the mixed powder is added into the mixed powder, the mixed powder and the mixed powder enter a bulking cavity together, the feeding speed is 15-20 kg/min, and the temperature in the bulking cavity is as follows: the front section is 120 ℃, the middle section is 125 ℃, and the rear section is 138 ℃, and finally the mixture is extruded through a die hole with the diameter of 6 mm.
Preferably, in the step (3), the specific method of the coating treatment is as follows: dissolving locust bean gum in water at 80 deg.c in 3-5 times, adding the mixture into the coating pot, adding the swelling material, rotating the coating pot at 50-60 r/min until the surface of the swelling material is covered with one bright protecting layer, and drying.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention takes selenium-rich barley pest powder, taurine, arginine, cassava residue, haematococcus pluvialis, nano zinc, compound trace elements, a compound enzyme preparation, water-soluble vitamins, water, fat-soluble vitamins, duck oil grease, locust bean gum and the like as raw materials to prepare the feed additive, and particularly aims at the breeding characteristics of modern chicken industry, greatly improves the reproductive capacity of cocks, and has good market popularization prospect.
The method comprises the steps of mixing the cassava residue, haematococcus pluvialis and nano-zinc to prepare a fermentation substrate, inoculating phaffia rhodozyma and bacillus subtilis, fermenting, performing ultrasonic oscillation, filtering to obtain a fermentation liquid, adding the fermentation liquid and a formula amount of taurine and arginine into a gelatin-sodium alginate mixed solution, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a premixed solution, dropwise adding the premixed solution into a calcium chloride solution, standing, and drying to obtain the microcapsule. The haematococcus pluvialis contains astaxanthin, which is also produced in the fermentation process of phaffia rhodozyma, so that the fermentation liquor contains a large amount of astaxanthin, has good oxidation resistance, enhances the immunity of the cock, fundamentally improves the health state of the cock, and provides a good basis for improving the reproductive capacity of the cock. But the astaxanthin is poor in stability, easy to oxidize and easy to decompose when exposed to light, so that the astaxanthin is gelatinized by using sodium alginate and calcium chloride solution to prepare the microcapsule, thereby playing a role in protecting and ensuring the effect of the astaxanthin.
Taurine can influence the generation and maturation process of male animal reproductive hormone, reproductive organs and sperms through the antioxidant function, the osmosis regulating function and the membrane stabilizing and regulating function, thereby influencing the reproductive function of male animals on the whole. Arginine, which is involved in the formation of sperm, is also an essential component of sperm nucleoprotein, and is a precursor for the synthesis of NO, which promotes and regulates spermatogenesis, sperm motility and fertilization ability; thirdly, arginine can reduce the degree of lipid peroxidation, thereby maintaining the stability and permeability of the membrane structure; finally, arginine has immunostimulatory properties, enhancing the reproductive system's ability to resist infection. The zinc is closely related to the development and the function of a reproductive system, is an indispensable substance for promoting the secretion of gonadal hormone, and is converted into yeast zinc which is easier to absorb in the fermentation process. The absorbability of yeast zinc and astaxanthin are general, and those skilled in the art know that ingredients with excellent performance cannot be absorbed by organisms, so that corresponding effects cannot be exerted. Taurine, zinc yeast and astaxanthin also have a synergistic effect, because taurine fundamentally affects reproductive hormones of male animals, on the basis, zinc yeast is promoted to participate in the synthesis of protein (a main component of sperm), astaxanthin just can promote the synthesis of antioxidant enzyme, the oxidation of protein is slowed down, the sperm activity is ensured, and the reproductive capacity of cocks is improved. Therefore, the invention improves the reproductive capacity of the cocks through the synergistic effect of the taurine, the arginine, the yeast zinc and the astaxanthin.
According to the invention, the microcapsule is subjected to gelation treatment by utilizing the crosslinking effect between the nano-cellulose with negative charges and the halloysite nanotube with positive charges, so that on one hand, the taste is improved, the food calling effect is achieved, on the other hand, the gelation treatment has a slow release effect, beneficial ingredients are continuously released, and the reproductive capacity of the cocks is improved. The halloysite nanotube has good adsorption effect, can adsorb and enrich the microcapsule under the action of ultrasonic oscillation, can realize gelation through the combination and crosslinking of positive charges carried by the halloysite nanotube and negative charges carried by the nano-cellulose, and coats the microcapsule in the process, thereby realizing the slow release of the microcapsule components. Uniformly mixing the gelatinized microcapsule and the selenium-enriched barley pest powder according to the formula amount, and performing puffing treatment to obtain the puffed material. The selenium-enriched barley pests are obtained by culturing barley pest larvae by using selenium-enriched mushroom bran, are rich in selenium besides proteins and the like contained in the barley pests, have an important effect on division of germ cells, formation and activity of sperms, and can further improve the reproductive capacity of cocks. According to the invention, the gelatinized microcapsules and the selenium-enriched barley pest powder are mixed and puffed, so that the selenium-enriched barley pest powder has unique fragrance and fluffy feeling, is good in palatability, is attractive to feed, is easy to digest and absorb, and is beneficial to improvement of the reproductive capacity of cocks.
The preparation method comprises the steps of dissolving compound trace elements, a compound enzyme preparation and water-soluble vitamins in formula amount in water to obtain an aqueous solution, dissolving fat-soluble vitamins in formula amount in duck oil grease to obtain an oil solution, uniformly spraying the aqueous solution on the surface of a puffed material, drying, uniformly spraying the oil solution, forming a film to obtain a pretreated puffed material, and finally performing coating treatment on the puffed material by using locust bean gum in formula amount to obtain the feed additive. The compound trace elements, the compound enzyme preparation, the water-soluble vitamins and the fat-soluble vitamins provide necessary nutritional support for the secretion of testosterone, are very beneficial to the secretion of testosterone, and can promote and improve the semen quality, thereby improving the reproductive capacity of cocks. The feed additive is sprayed layer by layer, the surface of a puffing material obtained by mixing and puffing the gelatinized microcapsule and the selenium-rich barley pest powder is sprayed with an aqueous solution, an oil solution and locust bean gum in sequence, the puffing material is coated, the puffing material is prevented from being oxidized and deteriorated by air, and the stability is improved.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the invention, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways, as defined and covered by the claims.
Example 1:
a feed additive for improving the reproductive capacity of cocks is prepared from the following components: 65kg of selenium-enriched barley pest powder, 5kg of taurine, 3kg of arginine, 15kg of cassava residue, 5kg of haematococcus pluvialis, 3kg of nano zinc, 0.2kg of composite trace elements, 0.5kg of a complex enzyme preparation, 0.5kg of water-soluble vitamins, 1kg of water, 1kg of fat-soluble vitamins, 1kg of duck oil grease, 2kg of locust bean gum, 8kg of nano cellulose with negative charges and 8kg of halloysite nanotubes with positive charges.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich barley pest powder comprises the following steps: firstly drying the waste mushroom sticks of the selenium-rich mushrooms, crushing and sieving the mushroom sticks with a 20-mesh sieve to obtain selenium-rich mushroom bran, and then mixing the selenium-rich mushroom bran, wheat bran and bean pulp according to a mass ratio of 3:20:1 to obtain feed, then feeding 0-day-old barley pest larvae with the feed, culturing until the larvae are 80 days old, drying, and crushing to 200 meshes to obtain the selenium-rich barley pest powder. Feeding every two days, wherein the feeding amount of the feed is 25 percent of the weight of the larvae of the barley pests; the culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 25 ℃, the relative humidity is 65 percent, and the culture density is 6 heads/cm 2 。
The preparation method of the duck oil grease comprises the following steps: washing the waste duck crushed materials, soaking the duck crushed materials for 20 minutes by using saline water with the mass concentration of 1% which is 3 times of the weight of the duck crushed materials, removing residual duck blood and other attachments, sterilizing by microwave, and refining for 70 minutes at 120 ℃ to obtain the duck oil grease.
The composite trace elements are obtained by mixing the following components: 0.12kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.05kg of copper sulfate and 0.03kg of manganese sulfate.
The compound enzyme preparation is obtained by mixing the following components: 0.3kg of protease, 0.1kg of amylase, 0.05kg of cellulase, 0.03kg of xylanase and 0.02kg of beta-mannase.
Water-soluble celluloses include: 0.4kg of B vitamins and 0.1kg of vitamin C.
Fat-soluble celluloses include: vitamin A0.4kg, vitamin D 3 0.3kg, vitamin E0.2 kg, vitamin K 3 0.1kg。
The negative-charge nano-cellulose is prepared by the following method: firstly, immersing 10kg of reed pulp board in distilled water, defibering by using a cellulose defibering machine, adding 0.015kg of tetramethylpiperidine oxide, 1.2kg of sodium hypochlorite and 0.15kg of sodium bromide, adjusting the pH to be =10, stirring and reacting for 3 hours at 30 ℃, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 40 minutes at 400W, and drying to obtain the nano-cellulose with negative charges.
The halloysite nanotube with positive charge is prepared by the following method: ultrasonically dispersing 10kg of halloysite nanotubes in 40kg of 2mol/L dilute sulfuric acid, stirring at 70 ℃ for reaction for 10 hours, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, washing with water to be neutral, and drying in vacuum to obtain a pretreated halloysite nanotube; and then uniformly mixing the pretreated halloysite nanotube with 20kg of 2mg/mL polyethyleneimine aqueous solution, stirring for 40 minutes at 30 ℃, and centrifuging to obtain a precipitate.
The preparation method of the feed additive for improving the reproductive capacity of the cocks comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Mixing the manioc waste, haematococcus pluvialis and nano zinc according to the formula ratio to prepare a fermentation substrate, inoculating phaffia rhodozyma and bacillus subtilis, fermenting for 3 days at 25 ℃, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 2 hours at 300W, filtering to obtain a fermentation liquid, adding the fermentation liquid, taurine and arginine according to the formula ratio into a gelatin-sodium alginate mixed solution, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a premixed solution, dropwise adding the premixed solution into a calcium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 1.5%, standing for 90 minutes at room temperature, drying to obtain microcapsules, and continuously gelling the microcapsules by using nano cellulose with negative charges and halloysite nanotubes with positive charges to obtain gelled microcapsules;
(2) Then uniformly mixing the gelatinized microcapsule with the selenium-rich barley pest powder according to the formula ratio to obtain mixed powder, and performing puffing treatment to obtain a puffed material;
(3) Dissolving the compound trace elements, the compound enzyme preparation and the water-soluble vitamins in the formula amount in water to obtain an aqueous solution, dissolving the fat-soluble vitamins in the formula amount in the duck oil grease to obtain an oil solution, uniformly spraying the aqueous solution on the surface of the puffed material, drying, uniformly spraying the oil solution, forming a film to obtain a pretreated puffed material, and finally coating the puffed material by using the locust bean gum in the formula amount to obtain the feed additive.
In the step (1), water is added to adjust the water content to 30wt% when preparing the fermentation substrate; and (3) inoculating the red-hair yeast and the bacillus subtilis which are respectively prepared into corresponding seed solutions, wherein the volume inoculation amounts are respectively 2% and 1%.
In the step (1), in the gelatin-sodium alginate mixed solution, the mass ratio of gelatin to sodium alginate is 1:2, the mass ratio of the fermentation liquor to the mixed solution is 1:7. the mass ratio of the premixed solution to the calcium chloride solution is 1:5.
in the step (1), the preparation method of the gelated microcapsule is as follows: firstly, uniformly dispersing the negatively charged nano-cellulose with 30 times of water by using ultrasonic waves to obtain nano-cellulose dispersion liquid, uniformly dispersing the positively charged halloysite nanotubes with 30 times of water by using ultrasonic waves to obtain halloysite nanotube dispersion liquid, then adding the obtained microcapsules into the halloysite nanotube dispersion liquid, carrying out 300W ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 30 minutes, continuously adding the nano-cellulose dispersion liquid, stirring at 300r/min for 30 minutes to realize crosslinking gelation, and drying to obtain the gelled microcapsules.
In the step (2), a bulking machine is used for bulking, 0.07 time of water is added into the mixed powder, the mixed powder and the water enter a bulking cavity together, the feeding speed is 15kg/min, and the temperature in the bulking cavity is as follows: the front section is 120 ℃, the middle section is 125 ℃, and the rear section is 138 ℃, and finally the mixture is extruded through a 6mm die hole.
In the step (3), the specific method of the coating treatment is as follows: dissolving locust bean gum in water at 80 deg.C 3 times of the amount of locust bean gum, adding into coating pan, adding pretreated swelling material, rotating the coating pan at 50r/min until the surface of the pretreated swelling material is uniformly covered with a bright protective layer, and drying.
Example 2:
a feed additive for improving the reproductive capacity of cocks is prepared from the following components: 75kg of selenium-enriched barley pest powder, 7kg of taurine, 4kg of arginine, 25kg of cassava residue, 7kg of haematococcus pluvialis, 5kg of nano zinc, 0.3kg of composite trace elements, 0.7kg of a complex enzyme preparation, 0.7kg of water-soluble vitamins, 2kg of water, 2kg of fat-soluble vitamins, 2kg of duck oil grease, 3kg of locust bean gum, 10kg of nano cellulose with negative charges and 10kg of halloysite nanotubes with positive charges.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich barley pest powder comprises the following steps: firstly, drying the waste mushroom sticks of the selenium-rich mushrooms, crushing the mushroom sticks and sieving the crushed mushroom sticks with a 30-mesh sieveScreening to obtain selenium-rich mushroom bran, and mixing the selenium-rich mushroom bran, wheat bran and soybean meal according to a mass ratio of 5:22:1, uniformly mixing to obtain a feed, feeding the barley pest larvae of 10 days old with the feed, culturing until the barley pest larvae are 90 days old, drying, and crushing to 300 meshes to obtain the selenium-rich barley pest powder. Feeding every two days, wherein the feeding amount of the feed is 35 percent of the weight of the barley pest larvae; the culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 27 ℃, the relative humidity is 75 percent, and the culture density is 8 heads/cm 2 。
The preparation method of the duck oil grease comprises the following steps: washing the waste duck crushed materials, soaking the duck crushed materials in 5 times of saline water with the mass concentration of 2% for 30 minutes, removing residual duck blood and other attachments, sterilizing by microwave, and refining for 80 minutes at 130 ℃ to obtain the duck oil grease.
The composite trace elements are obtained by mixing the following components: 0.15kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.09kg of copper sulfate and 0.06kg of manganese sulfate.
The compound enzyme preparation is obtained by mixing the following components: 0.35kg of protease, 0.15kg of amylase, 0.1kg of cellulase, 0.05kg of xylanase and 0.05kg of beta-mannase.
The water-soluble cellulose includes: 0.5kg of B vitamins and 0.2kg of vitamin C.
Fat-soluble celluloses include: vitamin A0.6kg, vitamin D 3 0.5kg, vitamin E0.5 kg, vitamin K 3 0.4kg。
The negatively charged nano-cellulose is prepared by the following method: firstly, immersing 10kg of reed pulp board in distilled water, defibering by using a cellulose defibering machine, adding 0.02kg of tetramethylpiperidine oxide, 1.5kg of sodium hypochlorite and 0.2kg of sodium bromide, adjusting the pH to be =10, stirring and reacting for 4 hours at 32 ℃, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 50 minutes at 500W, and drying to obtain the nano-cellulose with negative charges.
The halloysite nanotube with positive charge is prepared by the following method: ultrasonically dispersing 10kg of halloysite nanotubes in 50kg of 3mol/L dilute sulfuric acid, stirring at 75 ℃ for reaction for 12 hours, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, washing with water to be neutral, and drying in vacuum to obtain a pretreated halloysite nanotube; and then uniformly mixing the pretreated halloysite nanotube with 30kg of a 3mg/mL polyethyleneimine aqueous solution, stirring for 50 minutes at 35 ℃, and centrifuging to obtain a precipitate.
The preparation method of the feed additive for improving the reproductive capacity of the cocks comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Mixing the manioc waste, haematococcus pluvialis and nano zinc according to the formula ratio to prepare a fermentation substrate, inoculating phaffia rhodozyma and bacillus subtilis, fermenting for 4 days at 27 ℃, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 3 hours at 400W, filtering to obtain a fermentation liquid, adding the fermentation liquid, taurine and arginine according to the formula ratio into a gelatin-sodium alginate mixed solution, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a premixed solution, dropwise adding the premixed solution into a calcium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 2.5%, standing for 120 minutes at room temperature, drying to obtain microcapsules, and continuously gelling the microcapsules by using nano cellulose with negative charges and halloysite nanotubes with positive charges to obtain gelled microcapsules;
(2) Then uniformly mixing the gelated microcapsule with the selenium-enriched barley pest powder according to the formula ratio to obtain mixed powder, and performing puffing treatment to obtain a puffed material;
(3) Dissolving the compound trace elements, the compound enzyme preparation and the water-soluble vitamins in the formula amount in water to obtain an aqueous solution, dissolving the fat-soluble vitamins in the formula amount in the duck oil grease to obtain an oil solution, uniformly spraying the aqueous solution on the surface of the puffed material, drying, uniformly spraying the oil solution, forming a film to obtain a pretreated puffed material, and finally coating the puffed material by using the locust bean gum in the formula amount to obtain the feed additive.
In the step (1), water is added to adjust the water content to 40wt% when preparing the fermentation substrate; and (3) inoculating the red-hair yeast and the bacillus subtilis which are respectively prepared into corresponding seed solutions, wherein the volume inoculation amounts are 3% and 2%.
In the step (1), in the gelatin-sodium alginate mixed solution, the mass ratio of gelatin to sodium alginate is 1:2, the mass ratio of the fermentation liquor to the mixed solution is 1:9. the mass ratio of the premixed solution to the calcium chloride solution is 1:6.
in the step (1), the preparation method of the gelated microcapsule is as follows: firstly, uniformly dispersing the negatively charged nano-cellulose with 40 times of water by using ultrasonic waves to obtain nano-cellulose dispersion liquid, uniformly dispersing the positively charged halloysite nanotubes with 40 times of water by using ultrasonic waves to obtain halloysite nanotube dispersion liquid, then adding the obtained microcapsules into the halloysite nanotube dispersion liquid, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation treatment at 400W for 40 minutes, continuously adding the nano-cellulose dispersion liquid, stirring at 500r/min for 40 minutes to realize crosslinking gelation, and drying to obtain the gelled microcapsules.
In the step (2), a bulking machine is used for bulking, water which is 0.08 times of the weight of the mixed powder is added into the mixed powder and enters a bulking cavity together, the feeding speed is 20kg/min, and the temperature in the bulking cavity is as follows: the front section is 120 ℃, the middle section is 125 ℃, and the rear section is 138 ℃, and finally the mixture is extruded through a die hole with the diameter of 6 mm.
In the step (3), the specific method of the coating treatment comprises the following steps: dissolving locust bean gum in 5 times of 80 deg.C water, adding into coating pan, adding pretreated swelling material, rotating the coating pan at 60r/min until the surface of the pretreated swelling material is uniformly covered with a bright protective layer, and drying.
Example 3:
a feed additive for improving the reproductive capacity of cocks is prepared from the following components: 70kg of selenium-enriched barley pest powder, 6kg of taurine, 3.5kg of arginine, 20kg of cassava residue, 6kg of haematococcus pluvialis, 4kg of nano zinc, 0.25kg of composite trace elements, 0.6kg of complex enzyme preparation, 0.6kg of water-soluble vitamins, 1.5kg of water, 1.5kg of fat-soluble vitamins, 1.5kg of duck oil grease, 2.5kg of locust bean gum, 8kg of nano cellulose with negative charges and 8kg of halloysite nanotubes with positive charges.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich barley pest powder comprises the following steps: firstly drying the waste mushroom sticks of the selenium-rich mushrooms, crushing and sieving the mushroom sticks with a 30-mesh sieve to obtain selenium-rich mushroom bran, and then mixing the selenium-rich mushroom bran, wheat bran and bean pulp according to a mass ratio of 4:21:1, uniformly mixing to obtain a feed, feeding the barley pest larvae of 5 days old with the feed, culturing until the barley pest larvae are 90 days old, drying, and crushing to 300 meshes to obtain the selenium-rich barley pest powder. Feeding every two days, wherein the feeding amount of the feed is 30% of the weight of the barley pest larvae; the culture conditions are as follows: temperature 26 ℃ and relative humidity70% of the culture medium, and the culture density of 7 heads/cm 2 。
The preparation method of the duck oil grease comprises the following steps: washing the waste duck crushed materials, soaking the crushed materials in saline water with the mass concentration of 1.5% which is 4 times of the weight of the crushed materials for 25 minutes, removing residual duck blood and other attachments, sterilizing by microwave, and refining for 75 minutes at 125 ℃ to obtain the duck oil grease.
The composite trace elements are obtained by mixing the following components: 0.14kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.06kg of copper sulfate and 0.05kg of manganese sulfate.
The compound enzyme preparation is obtained by mixing the following components: 0.32kg of protease, 0.14kg of amylase, 0.07kg of cellulase, 0.04kg of xylanase and 0.03kg of beta-mannase.
The water-soluble cellulose includes: 0.45kg of B vitamins and 0.15kg of vitamin C.
The fat-soluble cellulose includes: vitamin A0.5kg, vitamin D 3 0.4kg, vitamin E0.4 kg, vitamin K 3 0.2kg。
The negatively charged nano-cellulose is prepared by the following method: immersing 10kg of reed pulp board in distilled water, defibering by using a cellulose defibering machine, adding 0.018kg of tetramethylpiperidine oxide, 1.4kg of sodium hypochlorite and 0.18kg of sodium bromide, adjusting the pH to be =10, stirring and reacting for 3.5 hours at 31 ℃, carrying out 500W ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 45 minutes, and drying to obtain the nano-cellulose with negative charges.
The halloysite nanotube with positive charge is prepared by the following method: ultrasonically dispersing 10kg of halloysite nanotubes in 45kg of 2.5mol/L dilute sulfuric acid, stirring and reacting for 11 hours at 72 ℃, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, washing the precipitate to be neutral, and drying the precipitate in vacuum to obtain a pretreated halloysite nanotube; and then uniformly mixing the pretreated halloysite nanotube with 25kg of 2.5mg/mL polyethyleneimine water solution, stirring for 45 minutes at 33 ℃, and centrifuging to obtain a precipitate.
The preparation method of the feed additive for improving the reproductive capacity of the cocks comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Mixing the manioc waste, haematococcus pluvialis and nano zinc according to the formula ratio to prepare a fermentation substrate, inoculating phaffia rhodozyma and bacillus subtilis, fermenting for 4 days at 26 ℃, oscillating for 2.5 hours by 400W ultrasonic waves, filtering to obtain a fermentation liquid, adding the fermentation liquid, taurine and arginine according to the formula ratio into a gelatin-sodium alginate mixed solution, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a premixed solution, dropwise adding the premixed solution into a calcium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 2%, standing for 100 minutes at room temperature, drying to obtain microcapsules, and continuously gelling the microcapsules by using nano cellulose with negative charges and halloysite nanotubes with positive charges to obtain gelled microcapsules;
(2) Then uniformly mixing the gelated microcapsule with the selenium-enriched barley pest powder according to the formula ratio to obtain mixed powder, and performing puffing treatment to obtain a puffed material;
(3) Dissolving the compound trace elements, the compound enzyme preparation and the water-soluble vitamins in the formula amount in water to obtain an aqueous solution, dissolving the fat-soluble vitamins in the formula amount in the duck oil grease to obtain an oil solution, uniformly spraying the aqueous solution on the surface of the puffed material, drying, uniformly spraying the oil solution, forming a film to obtain a pretreated puffed material, and finally coating the puffed material by using the locust bean gum in the formula amount to obtain the feed additive.
In the step (1), water is added to adjust the water content to 35wt% when preparing the fermentation substrate; the phaffia rhodozyma and the bacillus subtilis are respectively prepared into corresponding seed solutions and then inoculated, and the volume inoculation amount is respectively 2.5 percent and 1.5 percent.
In the step (1), in the gelatin-sodium alginate mixed solution, the mass ratio of gelatin to sodium alginate is 1:2, the mass ratio of the fermentation liquor to the mixed solution is 1:8. the mass ratio of the premixed solution to the calcium chloride solution is 1:5.5.
in the step (1), the preparation method of the gelated microcapsule is as follows: firstly, ultrasonically dispersing nano-cellulose with negative charges according to the formula amount by using 35 times of water by weight to obtain nano-cellulose dispersion liquid, ultrasonically dispersing halloysite nanotubes with positive charges according to the formula amount by using 35 times of water by weight to obtain halloysite nanotube dispersion liquid, then adding the obtained microcapsules into the halloysite nanotube dispersion liquid, carrying out 400W ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 35 minutes, continuously adding the nano-cellulose dispersion liquid, stirring at 400r/min for 35 minutes to realize crosslinking gelation, and drying to obtain the gelation microcapsules.
In the step (2), a bulking machine is used for bulking, water which is 0.075 times of the weight of the mixed powder is added into the mixed powder, the mixed powder and the water enter a bulking cavity together, the feeding speed is 18kg/min, and the temperature in the bulking cavity is as follows: the front section is 120 ℃, the middle section is 125 ℃, and the rear section is 138 ℃, and finally the mixture is extruded through a die hole with the diameter of 6 mm.
In the step (3), the specific method of the coating treatment is as follows: dissolving locust bean gum in water at 80 deg.C 4 times, adding into coating pan, adding pretreated puffing material, rotating the coating pan at 55r/min until the surface of the pretreated puffing material is uniformly covered with a bright protective layer, and drying.
Comparative example 1
The selenium-enriched barley pest powder was replaced with barley pest powder (purchased from agricultural technologies ltd, chela, hantza, hannan) as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
Taurine was omitted and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
The nano-zinc was omitted and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
A feed additive is prepared from the following components: 65kg of selenium-enriched barley pest powder, 5kg of taurine, 3kg of arginine, 15kg of cassava residue, 5kg of haematococcus pluvialis, 3kg of nano zinc, 0.2kg of composite trace elements, 0.5kg of a complex enzyme preparation, 0.5kg of water-soluble vitamins, 1kg of water, 1kg of fat-soluble vitamins, 1kg of duck oil grease, 2kg of locust bean gum, 8-10 kg of nano cellulose with negative charges and 8-10 kg of halloysite nanotubes with positive charges.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich barley pest powder comprises the following steps: firstly, drying the waste mushroom sticks of the selenium-rich mushrooms, crushing and sieving the waste mushroom sticks with a 20-mesh sieve to obtain selenium-rich mushroom bran, and then mixing the selenium-rich mushroom bran, wheat bran and bean pulp according to a mass ratio of 3:20:1 to obtain feed, then feeding 0-day-old barley pest larvae with the feed, culturing until the larvae are 80 days old, drying, and crushing to 200 meshes to obtain the selenium-rich barley pest powder. Feeding every two days, wherein the feeding amount of the feed is the weight of the barley pests and the larvae25% of; the culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 25 ℃, the relative humidity is 65 percent, and the culture density is 6 heads/cm 2 。
The preparation method of the duck oil grease comprises the following steps: washing the waste duck crushed materials, soaking the duck crushed materials for 20 minutes by using saline water with the mass concentration of 1% which is 3 times of the weight of the duck crushed materials, removing residual duck blood and other attachments, sterilizing by microwave, and refining for 70 minutes at 120 ℃ to obtain the duck oil grease.
The composite trace elements are obtained by mixing the following components: 0.12kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.05kg of copper sulfate and 0.03kg of manganese sulfate.
The compound enzyme preparation is obtained by mixing the following components: 0.3kg of protease, 0.1kg of amylase, 0.05kg of cellulase, 0.03kg of xylanase and 0.02kg of beta-mannase.
Water-soluble celluloses include: 0.4kg of B vitamins and 0.1kg of vitamin C.
The fat-soluble cellulose includes: vitamin A0.4kg, vitamin D 3 0.3kg, vitamin E0.2 kg, vitamin K 3 0.1kg。
The negatively charged nano-cellulose is prepared by the following method: immersing 10kg of reed pulp board in distilled water, defibering by using a cellulose defibering machine, adding 0.015kg of tetramethylpiperidine oxide, 1.2kg of sodium hypochlorite and 0.15kg of sodium bromide, adjusting the pH to be =10, stirring and reacting for 3 hours at 30 ℃, carrying out 400W ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 40 minutes, and drying to obtain the nano-cellulose with negative charges.
The halloysite nanotube with positive charge is prepared by the following method: ultrasonically dispersing 10kg of halloysite nanotubes in 40kg of 2mol/L dilute sulfuric acid, stirring and reacting for 10 hours at 70 ℃, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, washing the precipitate to be neutral, and drying in vacuum to obtain a pretreated halloysite nanotube; and then uniformly mixing the pretreated halloysite nanotube with 20kg of 2mg/mL polyethyleneimine aqueous solution, stirring for 40 minutes at 30 ℃, and centrifuging to obtain a precipitate.
The preparation method of the feed additive comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Mixing the manioc waste, haematococcus pluvialis and nano zinc according to the formula amount, adding water to adjust the water content to be 30wt%, carrying out 300W ultrasonic oscillation for 5 hours, filtering to obtain an extracting solution, adding the extracting solution and taurine and arginine according to the formula amount into a gelatin-sodium alginate mixed solution, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a premixed solution, dropwise adding the premixed solution into a calcium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 1.5%, standing at room temperature for 90 minutes, drying to obtain microcapsules, and continuously gelling the microcapsules by using nano cellulose with negative charges and halloysite nanotubes with positive charges to obtain gelled microcapsules;
(2) Then uniformly mixing the gelated microcapsule with the selenium-enriched barley pest powder according to the formula ratio to obtain mixed powder, and performing puffing treatment to obtain a puffed material;
(3) Dissolving the compound trace elements, the compound enzyme preparation and the water-soluble vitamins in the formula amount in water to obtain an aqueous solution, dissolving the fat-soluble vitamins in the formula amount in the duck oil grease to obtain an oil solution, uniformly spraying the aqueous solution on the surface of the puffed material, drying, uniformly spraying the oil solution, forming a film to obtain a pretreated puffed material, and finally coating the puffed material by using the locust bean gum in the formula amount to obtain the feed additive.
In the step (1), in the gelatin-sodium alginate mixed solution, the mass ratio of gelatin to sodium alginate is 1:2, the mass ratio of the extracting solution to the mixed solution is 1:7. the mass ratio of the premixed solution to the calcium chloride solution is 1:5.
in the step (2), a bulking machine is used for bulking, water which is 0.07 time of the weight of the mixed powder is added into the mixed powder, the mixed powder and the mixed powder enter a bulking cavity together, the feeding speed is 15kg/min, and the temperature in the bulking cavity is as follows: the front section is 120 ℃, the middle section is 125 ℃, and the rear section is 138 ℃, and finally the mixture is extruded through a die hole with the diameter of 6 mm.
In the step (3), the specific method of the coating treatment comprises the following steps: dissolving locust bean gum in water at 80 deg.C 3 times of the amount of locust bean gum, adding into coating pan, adding pretreated swelling material, rotating the coating pan at 50r/min until the surface of the pretreated swelling material is uniformly covered with a bright protective layer, and drying.
Comparative example 5
The negatively charged nanocellulose, positively charged halloysite nanotubes and corresponding microcapsule gelation steps were omitted and the rest of example 1.
800 270-day-old three-yellow cocks are bred into 8 groups at random, each group comprises 100 cocks, the first 7 groups are respectively fed by the feed additives obtained in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-5, and the cocks are uniformly mixed in daily ration of the cocks according to the weight ratio of 1% for feeding; and feeding the last group 1 with daily ration of cock as control group for 90 days. The sperm and fertilization rate of the breeder cocks were examined and the results are shown in Table 1.
The specific method comprises the following steps: semen of the breeding cock is collected by a massage method, the amount of the semen is counted, the average value is calculated, and the sperm motility rate (determined according to the number of the sperm moving in a straight line) is observed under a microscope. Counting by using a hemocytometer, calculating the number of sperms in each milliliter of seminal fluid, and determining the density of the sperms. And (3) fixedly delivering the semen of the breeding cock to corresponding 270-day-old Sanhuang hen breeding hens according to a conventional method, delivering the semen once every 5 days for each hen, collecting hatching eggs from the 10 th day for 2 months continuously, hatching according to the conventional method, determining the fertility rate through light illumination inspection, and counting the hatching rate of the fertilized eggs.
TABLE 1 Experimental results of the effect of feed additives on the reproductive capacity of roosters
Figure BDA0003816176940000121
As can be seen from Table 1, the feed additives obtained in examples 1 to 3 significantly improved the semen quality, high fertilization rate and high hatchability, compared with the control group, indicating that the reproductive capacity of the roosters was greatly improved.
Comparative example 1 is that commercial barley pest powder is used to replace selenium-rich barley pest powder, comparative example 2 omits taurine, comparative example 3 omits nano zinc, comparative example 4 omits a fermentation step during preparation, and comparative example 5 omits negatively charged nano cellulose, positively charged halloysite nanotube and corresponding microcapsule gelation step, so that the obtained feed additive has obviously poor reproductive capacity improvement degree of cocks, and shows synergistic effects of selenium, taurine, yeast zinc and the like, and the reproductive capacity of the cocks is jointly improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A feed additive for improving the reproductive capacity of cocks is characterized by being prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 65-75 parts of selenium-rich barley pest powder, 5-7 parts of taurine, 3-4 parts of arginine, 15-25 parts of cassava residue, 5-7 parts of haematococcus pluvialis, 3-5 parts of nano zinc, 0.2-0.3 part of composite trace elements, 0.5-0.7 part of a composite enzyme preparation, 0.5-0.7 part of water-soluble vitamins, 1-2 parts of water, 1-2 parts of fat-soluble vitamins, 1-2 parts of duck oil grease, 2-3 parts of locust bean gum, 8-10 parts of nano-cellulose with negative charges and 8-10 parts of halloysite nanotubes with positive charges.
2. The feed additive for improving the reproductive capacity of the cocks according to claim 1, wherein the selenium-rich barley pest powder is prepared by the following steps: firstly, drying the waste mushroom sticks of the selenium-rich mushrooms, crushing and sieving the waste mushroom sticks with a 20-30-mesh sieve to obtain selenium-rich mushroom bran, and then mixing the selenium-rich mushroom bran, wheat bran and bean pulp according to the mass ratio of 3-5: 20 to 22:1, uniformly mixing to obtain feed, feeding the barley pest larvae of 0-10 days old with the feed, culturing until the larvae are 80-90 days old, drying, and crushing to 200-300 meshes to obtain the selenium-rich barley pest powder.
3. The feed additive for improving the reproductive capacity of the cocks according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the duck oil fat comprises the following steps: washing the waste duck crushed materials, soaking the duck crushed materials in saline water with the mass concentration of 1-2% which is 3-5 times of the weight of the duck crushed materials for 20-30 minutes, removing residual duck blood and other attachments, sterilizing by microwave, and refining at 120-130 ℃ for 70-80 minutes to obtain the duck oil grease.
4. The feed additive for improving the reproductive capacity of the cocks according to claim 1, wherein the composite trace elements are obtained by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 0.12 to 0.15 portion of ferrous sulfate, 0.05 to 0.09 portion of copper sulfate and 0.03 to 0.06 portion of manganese sulfate.
5. The feed additive for improving the reproductive capacity of the cocks according to claim 1, wherein the complex enzyme preparation is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 0.3 to 0.35 portion of protease, 0.1 to 0.15 portion of amylase, 0.05 to 0.1 portion of cellulase, 0.03 to 0.05 portion of xylanase and 0.02 to 0.05 portion of beta-mannase.
6. The feed additive for improving the reproductive capacity of cocks according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble cellulose comprises, in parts by weight: 0.4 to 0.5 portion of B vitamins and 0.1 to 0.2 portion of vitamin C.
7. The feed additive for improving the reproductive capacity of cocks according to claim 1, wherein the fat-soluble cellulose comprises, in parts by weight: 0.4 to 0.6 portion of vitamin A and vitamin D 3 0.3 to 0.5 portion of vitamin E, 0.2 to 0.5 portion of vitamin K 3 0.1 to 0.4 portion.
8. The preparation method of the feed additive for improving the reproductive capacity of the cocks, according to any one of claims 1 to 7, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Mixing the manioc waste, haematococcus pluvialis and nano zinc according to the formula ratio to prepare a fermentation substrate, inoculating phaffia rhodozyma and bacillus subtilis, fermenting, performing ultrasonic oscillation, filtering to obtain a fermentation liquid, adding the fermentation liquid, taurine and arginine according to the formula ratio into a gelatin-sodium alginate mixed solution, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a premixed solution, dropwise adding the premixed solution into a calcium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 1.5-2.5%, standing, drying to obtain microcapsules, and continuously gelling the microcapsules by using nano cellulose with negative charges and halloysite nanotubes with positive charges to obtain gelled microcapsules;
(2) Then uniformly mixing the gelated microcapsule with the selenium-enriched barley pest powder according to the formula ratio to obtain mixed powder, and performing puffing treatment to obtain a puffed material;
(3) Dissolving the compound trace elements, the compound enzyme preparation and the water-soluble vitamins in the formula amount in water to obtain an aqueous solution, dissolving the fat-soluble vitamins in the formula amount in the duck oil grease to obtain an oil solution, uniformly spraying the aqueous solution on the surface of the puffed material, drying, uniformly spraying the oil solution, forming a film to obtain a pretreated puffed material, and finally coating the puffed material by using the locust bean gum in the formula amount to obtain the feed additive.
9. The process according to claim 8, wherein in the step (1), water is added to adjust the water content to 30 to 40% by weight when the fermentation substrate is prepared; the phaffia rhodozyma and the bacillus subtilis are respectively prepared into corresponding seed solutions and then inoculated, and the volume inoculation amount is respectively 2-3% and 1-2%.
10. The preparation method according to claim 8, wherein in the step (2), the mixed powder is subjected to puffing treatment by using a puffing machine, 0.07-0.08 times of water by weight of the mixed powder is added into the puffing chamber, the mixed powder and the water are fed into the puffing chamber at a feeding speed of 15-20 kg/min, and the temperature in the puffing chamber is as follows: the front section is 120 ℃, the middle section is 125 ℃, and the rear section is 138 ℃, and finally the mixture is extruded through a die hole with the diameter of 6 mm.
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