CN112167123A - Carassius auratus gibelio breeding method for reducing incidence rate of gill bleeding of carassius auratus - Google Patents
Carassius auratus gibelio breeding method for reducing incidence rate of gill bleeding of carassius auratus Download PDFInfo
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- CN112167123A CN112167123A CN202011035793.2A CN202011035793A CN112167123A CN 112167123 A CN112167123 A CN 112167123A CN 202011035793 A CN202011035793 A CN 202011035793A CN 112167123 A CN112167123 A CN 112167123A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a carassius auratus gibelio breeding method for reducing incidence of carassius auratus gill bleeding, belonging to the technical field of breeding and comprising the following steps: in the month of 5, carassius auratus gibelio fries with the specification of more than or equal to 0.3 jin/tail are put in; the seedling density is 2000 tails/mu; feeding 1.5-2.5% of carassius auratus gibelio feed every day; feeding for at least three months. The invention provides a breeding method for the breeding characteristics of carassius auratus gibelio bleeding pathogens, the breeding period is short, meanwhile, the disease peak period of two gill bleeding can be safely avoided, and the survival rate reaches 95%; the high price of the crucian carp in 8 months can reach the standard of selling 0.8 jin, and the economic efficiency is improved by more than 30% compared with the prior culture mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of breeding, in particular to a carassius auratus gibelio breeding method for reducing incidence rate of carassius auratus gill bleeding.
Background
According to the records of fishery yearbook in 2019, the yield of the crucian carp nationwide in 2019 is 277.1 ten thousand tons. Jiangsu Yangcheng is the core area for national crucian carp breeding, the area mainly used for breeding allogynogenetic crucian carps is about 80 ten thousand mu, and accounts for 22.4% of national crucian carps. However, in the salt city area, the death rate of carassius auratus gibelio bleeding diseases is over 90 percent due to the outbreak of the carassius auratus gibelio bleeding diseases in the last 10 years, farmers are seriously lost and dare to breed, transform and abandon the carassius auratus. Influenced by gill bleeding diseases, the market condition of the crucian is stable and continuous. The prices of the carassius auratus gibelio mouths on the 6 pairs are maintained to be more than 6 yuan/jin, the prices of the carassius auratus gibelio mouths on the 8 pairs are maintained to be more than 8 yuan/jin, and the prices of the carassius auratus gibelio mouths on the 1 jin or more are more than 10 yuan/jin.
Researches have proved that the crucian bleeding pathogen is Cyprinid herpesvirus II (CYHV-II), which is a virus with high lethality to carassius auratus gibelio, and is easy to outbreak between 4-5 months and 9-10 months every year and between 15-25 ℃ of water temperature. Farmers breed crucian according to the mode of fry release at the beginning of the year and crucian sale at the end of the year, are difficult to avoid the gill bleeding high-incidence period, have low breeding success rate and have poor benefit. The main points are as follows:
(1) in order to reduce risks, farmers implement a 'three-in' policy in the stage of high incidence of fish diseases, do not feed, change or adjust water, reduce the stimulation to the carassius auratus gibelio, and safely avoid the stage of high incidence of fish diseases, but cause the carassius auratus gibelio to have small marketing specification, late marketing and low price.
(2) In order to reduce the investment of farmers, the crucian breeding specification is small, the feed feeding grade is low, and 28% protein low-grade mixed culture is mainly used, so that the carassius auratus gibelio is small in specification and low in price.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a carassius auratus gibelio breeding method for reducing incidence rate of carassius auratus gill bleeding
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the method is realized by the following technical scheme:
a carassius auratus gibelio breeding method for reducing incidence rate of crucian gill bleeding comprises the following steps:
controlling the environment of the culture pond: controlling the pH value of the pond water to be 7.5-8.5; the water temperature is 18-32 ℃; the nitrite content is less than or equal to 0.25 mg/ml; the ammonia nitrogen content is less than or equal to 1.5mg/ml, and the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 3 m/L;
seedling releasing: in the month of 5, carassius auratus gibelio fries with the specification of more than or equal to 0.3 jin/tail are put in; the seedling density is 1500-;
feeding: feeding 1.5-2.5% of carassius auratus gibelio feed every day; feeding for at least three months.
Preferably, in the seedling releasing step: silver carps and spotted silver carps are cultured in the culture pond.
Further preferably, the seedling density of the silver carps is more than or equal to 30 per mu, and the specification is more than or equal to 1 jin per tail.
Further preferably, the spotted silver carp is put with the seedling density of more than or equal to 60 per mu and the specification of more than or equal to 0.6 jin per tail.
Preferably, in the feeding step: when the water temperature is less than or equal to 20 ℃, feeding the carassius auratus gibelio with feed with the weight of 1.5-2.0% of the carassius auratus gibelio weight every day
Preferably, in the feeding step: when the water temperature is more than or equal to 20 ℃, feeding the carassius auratus gibelio with the feed accounting for 2.0-2.5% of the carassius auratus gibelio weight every day.
Further preferably, in the feeding step: when the dissolved oxygen is lower than 3mg/l and the weather is overcast and rainy, the feeding amount is reduced to 1.5 percent of the weight of the carassius auratus gibelio.
The invention provides a breeding method for the breeding characteristics of carassius auratus gibelio bleeding pathogens, the breeding period is short, meanwhile, the disease peak period of two gill bleeding can be safely avoided, and the survival rate reaches 95%; the high price of the crucian carp in 8 months can reach the standard of selling 0.8 jin, and the economic efficiency is improved by more than 30% compared with the prior culture mode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison between the cultivation mode of the present invention and the traditional carassius auratus gibelio cultivation growth;
fig. 2 is a comparison of the breeding mode of the invention and the traditional carassius auratus gibelio breeding survival rate.
Detailed Description
The following specific examples are provided to further illustrate the present invention so that those skilled in the art may better understand the invention and practice it, but the examples are not intended to limit the invention. Other various modifications, substitutions and alterations of the above-described structures of the present invention will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the basic technical spirit of the invention as described herein.
The invention provides a 333 breeding mode of carassius auratus gibelio aiming at the breeding characteristics of carassius auratus gibelio and the pathogenic characteristics of gill hemorrhage of carassius auratus gibelio:
the first one 3: the weight of the crucian fries during stocking is 0.3 jin, and the crucian fries can reach 0.8 jin after the breeding is finished, so that the crucian fries have larger specifications.
Second 3: the culture time is 3 months and 5-8 months; avoiding the incidence peak period of crucian gill hemorrhage.
Third 3: the breeding benefit is improved by 30%, the carassius auratus gibelio bred by the method reaches the marketing specification in 8 months, and the price is high all year round and has larger specification.
The seedling setting mode of the invention is shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 cultivation aspect ratio
Silver carps and spotted silver carps are cultured in the pond while the carassius auratus is mainly cultured. The intercropping of silver carps and spotted silver carps has no negative influence on the breeding of the carassius auratus gibelio, and can improve the economic benefit in the pond. The material requirements and the culture environment requirements of the silver carps and the spotted silver carps are consistent with those of the carassius auratus gibelio.
In the invention, a mouth of pond is additionally arranged, and carassius auratus gibelio is cultured by a traditional culture method for comparison.
The requirements of the culture environment are as follows:
the invention releases the seedlings at 5 months, and the specification and the density are shown in the table 1; after the culture reaches the selling specification for 3 months to 8 months, the product can be sold on the market.
Controlling the environment of the culture pond: controlling the pH value of the pond water to be 7.5-8.5; the water temperature is 18-32 ℃; the nitrite content is less than or equal to 0.25 mg/ml; the ammonia nitrogen content is less than or equal to 1.5mg/ml, and the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 3 m/L;
feeding requirement:
carassius auratus gibelio is a variable-temperature animal, and the temperature is sensitive to the growth and ingestion of the carassius auratus. The feeding rate is controlled to be 1.5-2.0% in the low-temperature period of 5-6 months, and the feeding rate is controlled to be 2.0-2.5% in the rapid growth period of 7-8 months. The daily feeding rate is adjusted according to the changes of dissolved oxygen, weather and water temperature.
The feeding adjustment method comprises the following steps:
(1) when the dissolved oxygen is lower than 3mg/l, the daily feeding rate is reduced to 1.5%, and simultaneously, a micropore aerator is immediately opened for ensuring the normal growth and ingestion of the crucian.
(2) And in rainy days, less investment is recommended. In rainy days, the air pressure is low, the sunshine is insufficient, the photosynthesis of algae is insufficient, the oxygen production is less, and crucian is easy to lack oxygen, so that the normal ingestion is influenced. The feed is wasted when the feed is fed in a normal amount, the feeding rate is reduced by half or the feeding is stopped.
(3) When the water temperature is lower than 20 ℃, the daily feeding rate is 1.5-2.0%; the daily feeding rate is 2.0-2.5% when the water temperature is higher than 20 ℃.
Feed formula and preparation method
14% of fish meal, 10% of chicken meal, 20.8% of soybean meal, 10% of cottonseed meal, 10% of rapeseed meal, 8% of corn protein powder, 8% of rice bran, 4% of corn DDGS, 6% of wheat, 2% of bran, 2% of soybean oil, 3% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5% of vitamin premix, 1% of microelement premix, 0.2% of vitamin C phosphate, 0.1% of bile acid salt, 0.1% of astragalus polysaccharide, 0.1% of choline chloride, 0.1% of antioxidant and 0.1% of mildew preventive.
Wherein the vitamin premix is provided by Tongwei animal nutrition feed company Limited, and is F11V vitamin premix for carnivorous fish; the microelement premix is F29M microelement premix for omnivorous fish provided by Tongwei animal nutrition feed company Limited; the antioxidant is 'Shenweixian' antioxidant produced by Shanghai three-dimensional feed additive company Limited; the mildew preventive is a mildew preventive of 'Muibike' produced by Wankang biotechnology limited company in Guilin.
The formula can meet the nutritional requirements of healthy and rapid growth of the crucian; the various additives can improve the growth speed of carassius auratus gibelio and intercropped silver carps and spotted silver carps, and improve the transport resistance and the anti-stress capability; meanwhile, the immunity of the carassius auratus gibelio can be improved, and the incidence of crucian gill hemorrhage can be prevented.
Comparison of crucian growth
By comparing the statistics of the pond mouth, the crucian size can reach 0.6 jin/tail in the 7-month bottom 333 breeding mode, the 8-month bottom size can reach 0.8 jin/tail, and the crucian is shown in fig. 1 before going to the market for 30 days compared with the traditional bred crucian.
The breeding mode of the invention avoids the incidence peak period of gill hemorrhage of the crucian carp of 4 months, 5 months, 9 months and 10 months, the breeding cycle is short, and the survival rate of the crucian carp is as high as 95 percent. The culture modes of the invention are shown in tables 2-4 and figure 1; the traditional breeding mode is influenced by gill bleeding diseases, the morbidity is high, and the survival rate is only 50%; as shown in fig. 2.
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
TABLE 4
Claims (7)
1. The carassius auratus gibelio breeding method for reducing incidence rate of crucian gill bleeding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
controlling the environment of the culture pond: controlling the pH value of the pond water to be 7.5-8.5; the water temperature is 18-32 ℃; the nitrite content is less than or equal to 0.25 mg/ml; the ammonia nitrogen content is less than or equal to 1.5mg/ml, and the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 3 m/L;
seedling releasing: in the month of 5, carassius auratus gibelio fries with the specification of more than or equal to 0.3 jin/tail are put in; the seedling density is 1500-;
feeding: feeding 1.5-2.5% of carassius auratus gibelio feed every day; feeding for at least three months.
2. The method for cultivating carassius auratus gibelio with reduced incidence of crucian gill hemorrhage according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the seedling releasing step comprises: silver carps and spotted silver carps are cultured in the culture pond.
3. The method for cultivating carassius auratus gibelio with reduced incidence of crucian gill hemorrhage according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the seedling density of the silver carps is less than or equal to 30 per mu, and the specification is more than or equal to 1 jin per tail.
4. The method for cultivating carassius auratus gibelio with reduced incidence of crucian gill hemorrhage according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the spotted silver carp seedling density is less than or equal to 60 per mu, and the specification is more than or equal to 0.6 jin per tail.
5. The method for cultivating carassius auratus gibelio with reduced incidence of crucian gill hemorrhage according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the feeding step comprises the following steps: when the water temperature is less than or equal to 20 ℃, feeding the carassius auratus gibelio with feed with the weight of 1.5-2.0% of the carassius auratus gibelio weight every day
6. The method for cultivating carassius auratus gibelio with reduced incidence of crucian gill hemorrhage according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the feeding step comprises the following steps: when the water temperature is more than or equal to 20 ℃, feeding the carassius auratus gibelio with the feed accounting for 2.0-2.5% of the carassius auratus gibelio weight every day.
7. The method for cultivating carassius auratus gibelio with reduced incidence of crucian gill hemorrhage according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the feeding step comprises the following steps: when the dissolved oxygen is lower than 3mg/l and the weather is overcast and rainy, the feeding amount is reduced to 1.5 percent of the weight of the carassius auratus gibelio.
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CN113057124A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-02 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | Greenhouse industrial recirculating aquaculture method for reducing incidence rate of gill bleeding of fancy carps |
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Application publication date: 20210105 |