CN110574846A - Feed for new grass carps in different breeding seasons and feeding method thereof - Google Patents
Feed for new grass carps in different breeding seasons and feeding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 241000252228 Ctenopharyngodon Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 241000252230 Ctenopharyngodon idella Species 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 101710089042 Demethyl-4-deoxygadusol synthase Proteins 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000150 monocalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940062672 calcium dihydrogen phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019779 Rapeseed Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims 4
- 239000004456 rapeseed meal Substances 0.000 claims 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 27
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021120 animal protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019577 caloric intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010485 coping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000010824 fish disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000013332 fish product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012631 food intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000020442 loss of weight Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000013777 protein digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000016261 weight loss Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
- A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a feed for different breeding seasons of new grass carps and a feeding method thereof, and the feed for the different breeding seasons of the new grass carps and the feeding method thereof solve the problems of low protein deposition rate and more diseases by respectively using feeds with different nutrient components in the grass carp breeding recovery period, the grass carp breeding disease period, the grass carp breeding high-temperature period, the grass carp breeding fattening period and the grass carp breeding overwintering period: by adjusting the nutrition standard in different seasons, the nitrogen ratio and the amino acid in different seasons are constantly balanced, and the protein deposition rate is effectively improved; meanwhile, nitrogen emission is reduced, diseases are reduced, and the problem of high formula cost is solved: the protein is reduced in certain breeding seasons, and the formula cost is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of grass carp culture, in particular to a feed for new grass carps in different culture seasons and a feeding method thereof.
Background
Grass carp is a popular freshwater fish product, is an important high-quality cheap animal protein source in daily diet of people in China, has an annual output of about 600 ten thousand tons in China, and is one of important freshwater cultured fishes in China. At present, the protein content of grass carp feed in Huazhong area is higher, only one feed formula is basically used in the first year, and the feeding rate is greatly different in different time periods under the influence of climate. In a time period with a high feeding rate (such as 8 months to 11 months in the central China), the amount of feed put into water is large, and the fish ingests too much protein, so that the protein deposition rate of the feed is reduced, the ammonia nitrogen discharge amount is too much, the water quality is deteriorated, and the diseases are aggravated.
Chinese invention CN2018115895686 discloses a grass carp breeding feed based on solar terms division at different breeding stages and a feeding method thereof, the feeding method divides grass carp breeding into different stages according to different solar terms, designing the nutrition levels of different culture stages according to the growth and development characteristics and the feeding rate of grass carp in different stages, and the feed suitable for different grass carp breeding stages is prepared based on each nutrition level, the prepared feed has low protein content, the feed formula cost can be effectively reduced, corresponding feed is fed in different breeding stages, the protein deposition rate is effectively improved, the nitrogen emission is reduced, the diseases are reduced, the method ensures that the weight of the grass carps can reach about 2 jin from 5 two as soon as possible (generally three months) by feeding the grass carps in every solar term and at any time, is mainly used in south China, and is not suitable for the breeding production of the grass carps in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a feed for new grass carps in different breeding seasons and a feeding method thereof, and the feed and the feeding method thereof can solve the problems of low protein deposition rate, more diseases and high feed formula cost of the feed for the new grass carps in China.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
The feed for the new grass carps in different breeding seasons comprises a recovery period feed, a disease period feed, a high temperature period feed, a fattening period feed and a wintering period feed, wherein the recovery period feed contains 27% -28% of protein, 6% -7% of fat, 10% -11% of starch, 1.45% -1.50% of Lys and 1.00% -1.05% of total sulfur-containing amino acid; in the feed for the disease stage, the content of protein is 28-29%, the content of fat is 5-6%, the content of starch is 10-11%, the content of Lys is 1.50-1.55%, and the content of total sulfur-containing amino acid is 1.01-1.06%; the high-temperature stage feed contains 27% -28% of protein, 5.5% -6.5% of fat, 11% -12% of starch, 1.45% -1.50% of Lys and 0.98% -1.03% of total sulfur-containing amino acid; the feed for the fattening period comprises 29-30% of protein, 5.5-6.5% of fat, 9-10% of starch, 1.57-1.62% of Lys and 1.03-1.08% of total sulfur-containing amino acid; the wintering period feed contains 27% -28% of protein, 6% -7% of fat, 10% -11% of starch, 1.45% -1.50% of Lys and 1.00% -1.05% of total sulfur-containing amino acid.
The feed for the recovery period comprises, by weight, 15% -17% of soybean meal, 24% -26% of seed added vegetable meal, 16% -18% of green cake, 7% -9% of domestic DDGS, 0.5% -1% of soybean oil, 10% -12% of wheat, 15% -17% of full-fat rice bran, 2% -3% of bentonite, 1.5% -2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2% -0.3% of salt, 1% -2% of grass carp premix, 0.02% of antioxidant and 0.03% of mildew preventive.
The feed for the disease period comprises, by weight, 17% -19% of soybean meal, 24% -26% of seed added vegetable meal, 16% -18% of green cake, 7% -9% of domestic DDGS, 0.5% -1% of soybean oil, 10% -12% of wheat, 15% -17% of full cream rice bran, 0.5% -1.5% of bentonite, 1.5% -2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2% -0.3% of salt, 1% -2% of grass carp premix, 0.02% of antioxidant and 0.03% of mildew preventive.
The feed for the high-temperature period comprises, by weight, 15% -17% of soybean meal, 24% -26% of seed added vegetable meal, 16% -18% of green cake, 6% -8% of domestic DDGS, 1% -1.5% of soybean oil, 10% -12% of wheat, 17% -19% of full-fat rice bran, 1% -2% of bentonite, 1.5% -2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2% -0.3% of salt, 1% -2% of grass carp premix, 0.02% of antioxidant and 0.03% of mildew preventive.
The feed for the fattening period comprises the following substances in percentage: 20 to 22 percent of soybean meal, 22 to 24 percent of seed added vegetable meal, 19 to 21 percent of green cake, 6 to 8 percent of domestic DDGS, 0.5 to 1 percent of soybean oil, 10 to 12 percent of wheat, 12 to 14 percent of full-fat rice bran, 0.5 to 1 percent of bentonite, 1.5 to 2 percent of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of salt, 1 to 2 percent of grass carp premix, 0.02 percent of antioxidant and 0.03 percent of mildew preventive.
The overwintering period feed comprises, by weight, 14-16% of soybean meal, 23-25% of seed added vegetable meal, 15-17% of green cake, 6-8% of domestic DDGS, 0.5-1% of soybean oil, 9-11% of wheat, 14-16% of full-fat rice bran, 2-3% of bentonite, 1.5-2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2-0.3% of salt, 1-2% of grass carp premix, 0.02% of antioxidant and 0.03% of mildew preventive.
A method for culturing the grass carps in the new mouth in different culture seasons includes such steps as adding the restoring-period fodder from 3 to 4 months, adding the fodder for disease period from 5 to 7 months, adding the fodder for high-temperature period from 7 to 8 months, adding the fodder for fattening period from 9 to 11 months, and adding the fodder for overwintering period from 11 months to 2 months. The feed feeding rate in the recovery period is 0.5-1.0%, the feed feeding rate in the disease period is 1.5-2.0%, the feed feeding rate in the high temperature period is 2.0-3.0%, the feed feeding rate in the fattening period is 2.5-3.5%, and the feed feeding rate in the wintering period is 0.3-0.5%.
The breeding process of the new grass carps needs to be bred from 0.1 two/tail to 2.8 jin/tail, the breeding period is one year, the nutrition levels of different breeding stages are redesigned, and corresponding feed is formulated according to the nutrition levels, so that the requirements of each period are met, the nutrition needed by the new grass carps in one year is guaranteed, and meanwhile, the feed formula cost is effectively reduced.
The grass carp culture recovery period (3 last ten days-4 last ten days): in the feed in the recovery period, the content of protein is 27-28%, the content of fat is 6-7%, the content of starch is 10-11%, the content of Lys is 1.45-1.50%, the content of total sulfur-containing amino acid is 1.00-1.05%, and the feeding rate is 0.5-1.0%; the stage refers to the period from the completion of seedling releasing work to the rapid feeding of farmers. Because the fish seeds are stopped through overwintering, the loss of nutrient substances of organisms is large, the physique is weak, farmers hope to recover the physique of the fish bodies as soon as possible, so that the feeding rate is increased rapidly in the later period, the growth speed is increased, and meanwhile, the recovery of the physique of the fish bodies in the later period plays an important role in reducing the occurrence of diseases in the later period. In Chinese patent CN2018115895686, the content of protein in the feed used in the recovery period is 29-30.5%, the content of fat is 6.5-8%, and the content of starch is 9-11%. Compared with the feed used in the recovery period in the Chinese patent CN2018115895686, the feed used in the recovery period has lower cost and better effect.
The disease period of grass carp culture (5 last ten days-7 last ten days): in the feed for the disease stage, the protein content is 28-29%, the fat content is 5-6%, the starch content is 10-11%, the Lys content is 1.50-1.55%, the total sulfur-containing amino acid content is 1.01-1.06%, and the feeding rate is 1.5-2.0%; the stage is affected by severe weather change and massive breeding of parasites and pathogenic bacteria, and is the most serious stage of grass carp disease outbreak all the year round. However, the feeding rate of farmers is slightly increased compared with the recovery period due to the increase of the water temperature, the body constitution of the grass carps can be recovered by feeding the feed in the recovery period, the grass carps can be better resisted from fish diseases, and meanwhile, the protein level of the feed in the period can be properly increased and the energy level of the feed can be properly reduced (higher feeding rate can be met) because the growth rate of the grass carps in the disease period needs to be ensured. Compared with the feed for the recovery period in the application, the feed for the disease period slightly improves the protein content and reduces the fat content, reduces the disease rate of grass carp, and improves the survival rate of grass carp in the disease period.
high-temperature period for culturing grass carps (7 middle ten days-8 late days): in the application, the protein content of the feed in the high-temperature period is 27-28%, the fat content is 5.5-6.5%, the starch content is 11-12%, the Lys content is 1.45-1.50%, the content of total sulfur-containing amino acid is 0.98-1.03%, and the feeding rate is 2.0-3.0%; the days for normal feeding in the high-temperature period are improved relative to 6 months, and the material consumption is obviously increased. The feeding amount is obviously increased at this stage, and the stress reaction of the fish is stronger due to the over-high water temperature, so that the digestion and utilization rate of the grass carp on the feed protein is lower, and the demand on energy is larger. Compared with the feed in the disease period, the feed in the high-temperature period reduces the protein content, improves the fat and starch content, meets the energy intake of the grass carps, and ensures the growth of the grass carps.
The grass carp is cultured and fattened in the last 9-11 months: in the application, the feed protein content in the fattening period is 29-30%, the fat content is 5.5-6.5%, the starch content is 9-10%, the Lys content is 1.57-1.62%, the content of total sulfur-containing amino acid is 1.03-1.08%, and the feeding rate is 2.5-3.5%; in the stage, the weather condition is stable, the diseases are few, the feeding rate of farmers is increased, and the feeding amount is large, so that the reduction of the material ratio in the stage is more critical, and the material ratio is reduced by maintaining a high energy level. Meanwhile, considering that the farmers continue to produce the grass carps in the later period, the fullness of the grass carps needs to be improved, and the higher energy level is also beneficial to improving the fullness of the grass carps. Thus, the feed can increase the amount of high quality protein to promote protein deposition, reduce the starch level appropriately (to cope with higher feed rates), while maintaining a higher energy level to increase fish body fullness. Compared with the feed in the high-temperature period, the feed in the fattening period improves the protein content and reduces the starch content, so that the weight of the grass carp is increased in the fattening period.
The over-winter season of the grass carp (11 middle ten days-2 late months of the year): in the application, the protein content of the feed in the wintering period is 27-28%, the fat content is 6-7%, the starch content is 10-11%, the Lys content is 1.45-1.50%, the content of total sulfur-containing amino acid is 1.00-1.05%, and the feeding rate is 0.3-0.5%; in the stage, the temperature is low, the feed input of farmers is less, grass carps grow slowly, but the loss of weight of grass carps to different degrees can be generated due to less food intake during overwintering. Therefore, the concept of low egg and high energy is adopted in the stage, the feeding rate is reduced, the energy supply of the fish body is maintained, and the weight loss is reduced. Compared with the feed in the fattening period, the feed in the winter period reduces the protein content and improves the fat content.
The number of the ten days is 1-10, the number of the ten days is 10-20, and the number of the ten days is 20 to the end of the month.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, corresponding feeds are formulated according to nutrition levels at different breeding stages, requirements of each period are met, nutrition required by the new grass carp in one year is guaranteed, meanwhile, the feed formula cost is effectively reduced, the low-nitrogen, high-fat and medium-starch feeds are used for providing grass carp resistance and improving the growth speed in the grass carp breeding recovery period, and after the two-month recovery period, the weight of fry is about 0.1 two/tail and the fry grows to about 0.3 two/tail; then, in a disease period of the grass carps, the feed containing nitrogen, medium fat and medium starch is used, after a recovery period, the resistance of the grass carps is greatly improved, the mortality rate of the grass carps is reduced, and the growth speed of the grass carps is ensured at the same time, and after a disease period of two months, the weight of the grass carps grows from about 0.3 per tail to about 0.7 per tail; then entering a high-temperature period, wherein the feed protein digestion utilization rate of the grass carps in the high-temperature period is low, the demand for energy is larger, the feed with low nitrogen, high fat and high starch is used in the high-temperature period to promote the grass carps to grow rapidly, and the weight of the grass carps grows to 1.3 jin/tail from about 0.7 two jin/tail after the grass carps pass through the high-temperature period of one half and a month; then entering a fattening period, using high-nitrogen, medium-fat and low-starch feed in the fattening period, and needing fish production in the fattening period, so that the weight needs to be increased greatly, thereby increasing the use amount of high-quality protein to promote protein deposition, properly reducing the starch level (coping with higher feeding rate), maintaining higher energy level to improve the fish body fullness, and after the fattening period of two months, increasing the weight of the grass carp from about 1.3 jin/tail to about 2.8 jin/tail, and then being capable of being salvaged and sold; then entering into the wintering period, using low-nitrogen, high-fat and medium-starch feed for the unretained fish in the wintering period, adopting the idea of low egg content and high energy to ensure the weight, and fishing and selling the unretained fish at any time. Meanwhile, the feed in each period solves the problems of low protein deposition rate and more diseases: by adjusting the nutrition standard in different seasons, the nitrogen ratio and the amino acid in different seasons are constantly balanced, and the protein deposition rate is effectively improved; meanwhile, nitrogen emission is reduced, and diseases are reduced.
(2) The problem of high formula cost is solved: the protein is reduced in certain breeding seasons, and the formula cost is greatly reduced.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by reference to the following examples.
Examples
The feed for the new grass carps in different breeding seasons comprises recovery period feed, disease period feed, high temperature period feed, fattening period feed and wintering period feed, wherein the recovery period feed contains 27.15% of protein, 6.07% of fat, 10.85% of starch, 1.47% of Lys and 1.02% of total sulfur-containing amino acid; in the feed for the disease stage, the protein content is 28.01 percent, the fat content is 5.60 percent, the starch content is 10.85 percent, the Lys content is 1.52 percent, and the total sulfur-containing amino acid content is 1.04 percent; the high-temperature-period feed contains 27.15% of protein, 6.31% of fat, 11.45% of starch, 1.47% of Lys and 1.01% of total sulfur-containing amino acid; the feed for the fattening period comprises 29.01% of protein, 5.80% of fat, 9.95% of starch, 1.59% of Lys and 1.06% of total sulfur-containing amino acid; the wintering period feed contains 27.15% of protein, 6.07% of fat, 10.85% of starch, 1.47% of Lys and 1.02% of total sulfur-containing amino acid.
The feed for the recovery period comprises, by percentage, 16% of soybean meal, 25% of seed meal, 17% of green cake, 8% of domestic DDGS, 1% of soybean oil, 11% of wheat, 16% of full-fat rice bran, 2.65% of bentonite, 2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3% of salt, 1% of grass carp premix, 0.02% of antioxidant and 0.03% of mildew preventive.
The feed for the disease period comprises, by percentage, 18% of soybean meal, 25% of seed meal, 17% of green cake, 8% of domestic DDGS, 0.5% of soybean oil, 11% of wheat, 16% of full-fat rice bran, 1.15% of bentonite, 2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3% of salt, 1% of grass carp premix, 0.02% of antioxidant and 0.03% of mildew preventive.
The feed in the high-temperature period comprises, by percentage, 16% of soybean meal, 25% of seed meal, 17% of green cake, 7% of domestic DDGS, 1% of soybean oil, 11% of wheat, 18% of full-fat rice bran, 1.65% of bentonite, 2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3% of salt, 1% of grass carp premix, 0.02% of antioxidant and 0.03% of mildew preventive.
The feed for the fattening period comprises the following substances in percentage: 21% of soybean meal, 23% of seed added vegetable meal, 20% of green cake, 7% of domestic DDGS, 1% of soybean oil, 11% of wheat, 13% of full-fat rice bran, 0.65% of bentonite, 2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3% of salt, 1% of grass carp premix, 0.02% of antioxidant and 0.03% of mildew preventive.
The feed for the wintering period comprises, by percentage, 16% of soybean meal, 25% of seed meal, 17% of green cake, 8% of domestic DDGS, 1% of soybean oil, 11% of wheat, 16% of full-fat rice bran, 2.65% of bentonite, 2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3% of salt, 1% of grass carp premix, 0.02% of antioxidant and 0.03% of mildew preventive.
A method for culturing New grass carps in different culture seasons comprises the steps of putting recovery period feed from 3 last ten days to 4 last days of the month, putting disease period feed from 5 last ten days to 7 last days of the month, putting high temperature period feed from 7 middle ten days to 8 last days of the month, putting fattening period feed from 9 last ten days to 11 last days of the month, and putting overwintering period feed from 11 middle months to 2 last months of the next year; the feed feeding rate in the recovery period is 0.5-1.0%, the feed feeding rate in the disease period is 1.5-2.0%, the feed feeding rate in the high temperature period is 2.0-3.0%, the feed feeding rate in the fattening period is 2.5-3.5%, and the feed feeding rate in the wintering period is 0.3-0.5%.
The proportions, the nutrient contents and the costs of the control feed, the recovery period feed, the overwintering period feed, the disease period feed, the high-temperature period feed and the fattening period feed are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1
In order to verify the effect of the feed and the feeding method, feeding tests are carried out in the culture fishponds, the feed is divided into 2 groups, 1 group is taken as an example, common feed (high-protein feed) for grass carps is taken as a comparative example 1 for the 1 group, one mu of the culture fishpond is taken as a test pond for each group, 2000 grass carp seedlings with 0.1 per two grass carps are put in each mu of the test pond, the putting period is 3 months and 2 days, the test period is one year from 3 months and 2 days, and the feed feeding rate of each group is fed according to respective standards.
The results of the protein content of the feed used in the 2-group trial, the feed formulation cost and the growth of the grass carp are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
It can be seen from tables 1 and 2 that the feed ratio of the new grass carp raised from 0.1 twice per tail to 2.5-2.8 jin per tail per year is reduced to about 1.8, and from table 2, it can be seen that the protein deposition rate is 30.9% by using the control high protein feed (the feed protein content is stabilized at 29% all year round and the feed ratio is 1.9), while the protein deposition rate of the formula at the stage of the scheme is increased to 34.3%, the feed cost of the embodiment is far lower than that of the comparative example 1, and from table 2, the fry survival rate of the embodiment is far higher than that of the comparative example 1.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and there may be some slight structural changes in the implementation, and if various changes or modifications of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention and fall within the claims and equivalent technical scope of the present invention, the present invention is also intended to include such changes and modifications.
Claims (7)
1. The feed for the Xinkou grass carps in different breeding seasons is characterized by comprising a recovery period feed, a disease period feed, a high temperature period feed, a fattening period feed and a wintering period feed, wherein the recovery period feed contains 27% -28% of protein, 6% -7% of fat, 10% -11% of starch, 1.45% -1.50% of Lys and 1.00% -1.05% of total sulfur-containing amino acid; in the feed for the disease stage, the content of protein is 28-29%, the content of fat is 5-6%, the content of starch is 10-11%, the content of Lys is 1.50-1.55%, and the content of total sulfur-containing amino acid is 1.01-1.06%; the high-temperature stage feed contains 27% -28% of protein, 5.5% -6.5% of fat, 11% -12% of starch, 1.45% -1.50% of Lys and 0.98% -1.03% of total sulfur-containing amino acid; the feed for the fattening period comprises 29-30% of protein, 5.5-6.5% of fat, 9-10% of starch, 1.57-1.62% of Lys and 1.03-1.08% of total sulfur-containing amino acid; the wintering period feed contains 27% -28% of protein, 6% -7% of fat, 10% -11% of starch, 1.45% -1.50% of Lys and 1.00% -1.05% of total sulfur-containing amino acid.
2. The feed for the different breeding seasons of the new grass carp as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feed for the recovery period comprises, by percentage, 15% -17% of soybean meal, 24% -26% of rapeseed meal, 16% -18% of green cake, 7% -9% of domestic DDGS, 0.5% -1% of soybean oil, 10% -12% of wheat, 15% -17% of full-fat rice bran, 2% -3% of bentonite, 1.5% -2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2% -0.3% of salt, 1% -2% of grass carp premix, 0.02% of antioxidant and 0.03% of mildew preventive.
3. The feed for the new grass carp in different breeding seasons as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feed for the disease period comprises, by percentage, 17% -19% of soybean meal, 24% -26% of rapeseed meal, 16% -18% of green cake, 7% -9% of domestic DDGS, 0.5% -1% of soybean oil, 10% -12% of wheat, 15% -17% of full-fat rice bran, 0.5% -1.5% of bentonite, 1.5% -2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2% -0.3% of salt, 1% -2% of grass carp premix, 0.02% of antioxidant and 0.03% of mildew preventive.
4. The feed for the new grass carp in different breeding seasons as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feed for the high temperature period comprises, by percentage, 15% -17% of soybean meal, 24% -26% of rapeseed meal, 16% -18% of green cake, 6% -8% of domestic DDGS, 1% -1.5% of soybean oil, 10% -12% of wheat, 17% -19% of full-fat rice bran, 1% -2% of bentonite, 1.5% -2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2% -0.3% of salt, 1% -2% of grass carp premix, 0.02% of antioxidant and 0.03% of mildew preventive.
5. The feed for different breeding seasons of new grass carps according to claim 1, wherein the feed for the fattening period consists of the following substances in percentage: 20 to 22 percent of soybean meal, 22 to 24 percent of seed added vegetable meal, 19 to 21 percent of green cake, 6 to 8 percent of domestic DDGS, 0.5 to 1 percent of soybean oil, 10 to 12 percent of wheat, 12 to 14 percent of full-fat rice bran, 0.5 to 1 percent of bentonite, 1.5 to 2 percent of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of salt, 1 to 2 percent of grass carp premix, 0.02 percent of antioxidant and 0.03 percent of mildew preventive.
6. The feed for the different breeding seasons of the new grass carp as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feed for the wintering period comprises, by percentage, 14% -16% of soybean meal, 23% -25% of rapeseed meal, 15% -17% of green cake, 6% -8% of domestic DDGS, 0.5% -1% of soybean oil, 9% -11% of wheat, 14% -16% of full-fat rice bran, 2% -3% of bentonite, 1.5% -2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2% -0.3% of salt, 1% -2% of grass carp premix, 0.02% of antioxidant and 0.03% of mildew preventive.
7. A method for culturing new-mouth grass carps in different culture seasons is characterized in that recovery period feed is put in the first ten days of 3 months to the last 4 months, disease period feed is put in the first ten days of 5 months to the first ten days of 7 months, high temperature period feed is put in the middle ten days of 7 months to the last 8 months, fattening period feed is put in the first ten days of 9 months to the last ten days of 11 months, overwintering period feed is put in the middle ten days of 11 months to the next year and the last 2 months, the recovery period feed feeding rate is 0.5-1.0%, the disease period feed feeding rate is 1.5-2.0%, the high temperature period feed feeding rate is 2.0-3.0%, the fattening period feed feeding rate is 2.5-3.5%, and the overwintering period feed feeding rate is 0.3-0.5%.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111820316A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-10-27 | 新疆天康饲料有限公司 | Fermented puffed pellet feed for early stage of overwintering grass carp culture and preparation method thereof |
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