CN113973754B - Method for breeding high-quality white spot pikes - Google Patents
Method for breeding high-quality white spot pikes Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/90—Sorting, grading, counting or marking live aquatic animals, e.g. sex determination
- A01K61/95—Sorting, grading, counting or marking live aquatic animals, e.g. sex determination specially adapted for fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/045—Filters for aquaria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/06—Arrangements for heating or lighting in, or attached to, receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/065—Heating or cooling devices
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for culturing high-quality white spot pikes, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a pond: building a pond culture system, cleaning a pond, storing water and keeping the water depth of 1-3 m; (2) putting the fish fry into a pond: keeping the temperature of the pond water at 13-16 ℃, selecting white spot pikes with the body length specification of 5-10cm, putting the white spot pikes into the pond according to the putting amount of 500 and 800 tails in each pond, and gradually increasing the temperature of the pond water to 18-23 ℃; (3) and (3) breeding the feed fish: putting the purchased or cultured trash fish into a proper fish box, and culturing in a purification tank for 1-2 weeks, wherein the purification tank can be filled with water and drained to keep the water quality clean, so as to obtain feed fish; (4) adult fish feeding: by adjusting the water circulation speed, the temperature of the pond water is maintained between 20 and 25 ℃, the growth condition of the northern pikes is monitored every week, palatable feed fishes are fed everyday, the feed fishes are 1/4 to 1/3 of the body length, and the feed fishes fed everyday are 3000 tails of 2000-; adult fish breeding period is 1-2 years, during which the adult fish is harvested and separately cultured every 10-90 days, and the adult fish is separately cultured in different ponds according to the size specification.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture of cold water fish, in particular to a method for culturing high-quality white spot pike.
Background
The northern pike (scientific name: Esax lucius) is carnivorous fierce fish, belonging to Salmoniformes, Piperaceae, Pistis. In natural water, adult males can reach 100 cm in length, females can reach 150 cm in length, and the weight of some large individuals can reach 35 kg, and the adult males are mainly distributed in the peripheral areas of the northern circle of Asia, Europe and North America and are north of north latitude of about 46 degrees. Is only distributed in the forehead Qissy river and the affiliated water body in China. The fish has the characteristics of extremely strong cold resistance, high growth speed, tough and tough meat, few thorns, high nutritional value, large edible part, few diseases, easy catching and the like, is high-quality economic fish which is very popular with people, and belongs to the important economic cold water fish in China. In the past, the resource amount has been sharply reduced due to artificial over-fishing and changes and damages of natural resources. After 2000 years, with the breakthrough of the white spot pike artificial breeding technology, domestic white spot pike pond culture is rapidly developed. Has been popularized in China in Shandong, Hebei, Shanghai, Sichuan, Beijing, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Gansu and other provinces and cities. However, the properties of the cold water of the white dogfish are extremely high in requirements on the culture environment, the water temperature of the living environment is low, rich water plants are needed, the water quality is excellent, and the environment is not polluted, so that the culture place is only limited to local areas with high quality of live water sources and cool water temperatures, and the culture popularization range is not large. In addition, the white spot pike has weak self-reproduction ability, is positioned at the top end of a food chain, can only eat live feed fish, can only produce one mu of white spot pike in four mu of land, and has high cultivation cost and high market price. Therefore, under the drive of benefits, a plurality of breeding units only pay attention to the improvement of yield and the reduction of cost, adopt extensive breeding, and in order to avoid high death rate caused by diseases, a large amount of antibiotics are applied, for example, a large amount of disinfectants such as copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate and the like need to be added for a plurality of times, so that natural water sources are greatly polluted, the good meat quality of the white spot pike cannot be ensured, and the method is greatly different from wild species naturally growing in natural water. Therefore, research on new breeding and breeding technologies of the northern pikes is urgently needed to meet the healthy development requirements of the northern pikes breeding industry. Aiming at the problem of applying a large amount of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate in the prior art, finding a way to slow down the deterioration of water quality and further avoid the large amount of application of the disinfectant is the goal pursued by scientific researchers in the field,
disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for breeding white spot pikes, which aims to reduce the use of disinfectants, improve the health and breeding survival rate of the white spot pikes, improve the meat quality, improve the economic added value and further expand the applicable environment range of breeding.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for breeding high-quality white spot pikes, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing a pond: building a pond culture system, cleaning a pond, storing water and keeping the water depth of 1-3 m;
(2) putting the fry into a pond: keeping the water temperature of the pond at 13-16 ℃, selecting white spot pikes with the body length specification of 5-10cm, putting the white spot pikes into the pond according to the feeding amount of 500-800 tails of each pond, and then gradually increasing the water temperature of the pond water to 18-23 ℃ by adjusting the water amount of a cooling pond and other water sources;
(3) and (3) breeding the feed fish: putting the purchased or cultured trash fish into a proper fish box, putting the trash fish into a purification tank, culturing for 1-2 weeks, not feeding feed and manure, irrigating and draining water in the purification tank, and keeping the water quality clean to obtain feed fish;
(4) adult fish feeding: according to seasonal changes, the water circulation speed is adjusted, the temperature of the pond water is maintained between 20 and 25 ℃, the growth condition of the white dogfish is monitored every week, palatable feed fishes are fed every day, the feed fishes are 1/4 to 1/3 of the body length, and the feed fishes fed every day are 2000-3000 fish tails; adult fish breeding period is 1-2 years, during which adult fish are separately harvested and bred every 10-90 days, and the adult fish are separately bred in different ponds according to size specifications.
Optionally, the pond culture system is a self-cooling circulation pond culture system, and comprises a pond group and a cooling system; the pond group comprises two or more ponds which are arranged in series; the ponds are connected by a water channel, and the water channel is provided with a fish blocking net and a sluice gate with different mesh specifications; wherein the length and width of the pond are respectively 30m and the depth is 3.5-5 m; the pond group is provided with a pond water inlet and a pond water outlet; a cooling system is arranged at a position 10-20m underground of the pond, the cooling system consists of two or more cooling ponds, the cooling ponds are communicated with one another by heat dissipation pipelines, the peripheries of the cooling ponds are formed by seamlessly welding steel plates, the length, the width and the height of the cooling ponds are 20 multiplied by 10 multiplied by 5m, a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet are respectively connected with a pond water outlet and a pond water inlet by pipelines, a water pump is arranged between the cooling water outlet and the pond water inlet, the water pump pumps water in the cooling ponds into the pond water inlet, and the water in the ponds is discharged into the cooling water inlet by the pond water outlet through fall; a valve and a flowmeter are arranged on a pipeline between the cooling water inlet and the pond, so that the water inlet amount and the water outlet amount of the pond are kept consistent; the pond is also provided with a water replenishing port and a sewage draining port which are respectively used for connecting other water sources and draining sewage at the bottom of the pond.
Optionally, the pond cleaning comprises the following steps: paving the bottom of the pond with sand stones, paving a layer of pond sludge, and irrigating the pond for 1-2 months after planting aquatic plants; then the pond is cleaned and disinfected by quicklime, and the water is changed for 2-3 times.
Optionally, the trash fish is screened and separated into different sizes by a screen and is put into fish boxes with different meshes, and the trash fish comprises one or a combination of crucian, chub, carp, dace, maokou, minnow or silver floating fish.
Optionally, the pond is provided with an aerator.
Optionally, a sedimentation digestion tank is further arranged between the pond and the cooling tank.
Optionally, a filtering pond 11 is further arranged between the sedimentation digestion tank and the cooling pond, and the filtering pond 11 is sequentially provided with a cobble layer 111, a coarse sand layer 112 and a fine sand layer 113 according to the water flow direction; the cobble layer and the coarse sand layer are separated by a wire netting with the aperture of 9mm, and the coarse sand layer and the fine sand layer are separated by a wire netting with the aperture of 0.5-0.7 mm; the cobble layer is composed of cobbles; the coarse sand layer consists of cobblestones and coarse sand; the fine sand layer consists of cobblestones, coarse sand and fine sand; the particle size range of the cobblestones is 15-30mm, the particle size range of the coarse sand is 5-10mm, and the particle size range of the fine sand is 1-3 mm.
Optionally, the purification pool or the sedimentation digestion pool is provided with a drug sustained-release pill.
Optionally, the drug sustained-release pill comprises the following components in parts by weight:
optionally, the preparation method of the drug sustained-release pill comprises the following steps: (1) uniformly mixing the tributyl citrate and the poly-L-lactic acid in a stirrer, adding starch, copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate powder, and uniformly stirring, wherein the powder is adhered to the poly-L-lactic acid particles to obtain a raw material; (2) extruding and granulating the raw materials by adopting a single-screw extruder, wherein the barrel temperature of the extruder is 170-180 ℃ to obtain the drug sustained-release pill; the particle size range of the drug sustained-release pill is 5-10 mm.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the self-circulating water utilizes seasonal temperature difference between the underground and the ground, can reduce the temperature of pond water in summer and improve the temperature of pond water in winter, is suitable for the growth of the northern pikes of cold water fish, can greatly reduce the use amount of underground water or river water of deep wells, and further protects the water resource of the environment under the condition of improving the culture environment of the northern pikes; the sedimentation and digestion tank and the filtering tank of the pond group are used for filtering and purifying pond water, and dirt can be cleaned regularly according to the use condition. In addition, the second water inlet and the second water outlet of the pond are used for supplementing clean water sources or cleaning dirt at the bottom of the pond.
(2) The purifying pond mainly reduces germs or parasites brought by the original environment of the feed fish after the feed fish is purified and cultured for a period of time by adjusting or sterilizing the water quality, improves the quality of the feed fish, makes the food of the white dogfish healthier, avoids the disease of the white dogfish, and improves the quality of meat.
(3) The water channel between the ponds connected in series is provided with the fish blocking nets with different mesh specifications, so that fishes with small specifications can pass through the water channel, the fish blocking nets have the function of dividing the ponds by themselves, the meshes of the fish blocking nets are gradually increased according to the pond sequence of the water flow direction, the size specification of the white spot pike in each pond is gradually increased, the specific mesh size specifications of the fish blocking nets can be adjusted according to the fish growth condition, and the workload during manual pond division is reduced. When the fishpond is divided, the small fishes with higher requirements on water quality and water temperature are preferentially discharged into the first fishpond and then divided into the fishponds according to the body types, and the arrangement can fully utilize pond water and save water resources.
(4) The inventor in the experiment surprisingly finds that the disinfectant content in water with a certain low concentration can greatly slow down the water quality deterioration speed, and further avoids applying a large amount of disinfectant for many times. The inventor adopts the medicine slow-release pill to solve the problem, and the medicine slow-release pill creatively utilizes the biodegradation performance of the poly-L-lactic acid and the starch to gradually release the disinfectants copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate in the water through gradual degradation so as to keep the disinfectants in the water to keep a certain content and continuously inhibit the propagation of germs or parasites in the water of the pond or the purification tank.
(5) The formula of this medicine slowly-releasing pill is comparatively reasonable, and wherein starch degradation is very fast, but earlier stage quick release medicament makes the medicine concentration in pond increase fast, then disinfects, and medicine slowly-releasing pill forms porous structure because of the decomposition of starch this moment, has increased the area of medicine contact water, and then keeps better release efficiency, keeps the medicament concentration of aquatic, forms antibacterial action, is favorable to the health of fish, avoids because of the different influence of region climate to the white spot dog fish breed.
(6) The systematic breeding scheme of the invention solves the problem that the requirements of the white spot pikes on the environment of the breeding area are too high, is not limited to local areas of warm-hot areas such as mountainous areas any more, has a natural environment with sufficient and clean water source, and can realize the breeding of the high-quality white spot pikes in plain areas.
(7) The method for breeding the white spot pikes can improve breeding density and meat quality, is environment-friendly and healthy, and is closer to the quality of natural wild white spot pikes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the pond groups of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a filtration tank.
Reference numerals
1-pond, 2-water channel, 3-fish blocking net, 4-gate, 5-pond water inlet, 6-pond water outlet, 7-cooling system, 71-cooling pond, 72-cooling water inlet, 73-heat dissipation pipeline, 74-cooling water outlet, 8-water supplementing port, 9-sewage outlet, 10-sedimentation digestion tank, 11-filtering tank, 111-cobble layer, 112-coarse sand layer, 113-fine sand layer, A-water pump and B-flowmeter;
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided to enable those skilled in the art to more readily understand the advantages and features of the present invention, and to clearly and unequivocally define the scope of the present invention.
The method for cultivating the high-quality white spot pike is implemented in the suburb of the jujube village in Shandong province, and comprises the following steps:
(I) preparation of drug sustained-release pill
(1) Uniformly mixing 2-6 parts by weight of tributyl citrate and 60 parts by weight of poly-L-lactic acid in a stirrer, adding 10-30 parts by weight of starch, 10-20 parts by weight of copper sulfate and 4-8 parts by weight of ferrous sulfate, uniformly stirring, and adhering powder to particles of poly-L-lactic acid to obtain a raw material; (2) extruding and granulating the raw materials by adopting a single-screw extruder, wherein the barrel temperature of the extruder is 170-180 ℃ to obtain the drug sustained-release pill with the particle size range of 5-10 mm.
(II) self-cooling circulation pond culture system
(1) Preparing a pond: as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the pond groups comprise two or more ponds 1 arranged in series; the ponds 1 are connected by the water channels 2, the bottom of each pond 1 has an inclination of 2-5 degrees, and the distance between the bottom of each water channel 2 and the bottom of each pond 1 is 0.8-0.9 m; the water channel 2 is provided with a fish blocking net 3 and a sluice gate 4 with different mesh specifications; wherein the length and the width of the pond 1 are respectively 30m and the depth is 3.5-5 m; the pond group is provided with a pond water inlet 5 and a pond water outlet 6; a cooling system 7 is arranged in the position 10-20m underground near the pond 1, the cooling system 7 consists of two or more cooling ponds 71, the cooling ponds 71 are communicated with each other by a cast iron heat dissipation pipeline 73, the periphery of the cooling pond 7 is formed by seamless welding of steel plates or pouring of cement, the length, the width and the height of the cooling pond are 20 multiplied by 10 multiplied by 5m, a cooling water inlet 72 and a cooling water outlet 74 are respectively connected with a pond water outlet 6 and a pond water inlet 5 by pipelines, a water pump A is arranged between the cooling water outlet 72 and the pond water inlet 5, the water in the cooling pond 7 is pumped and discharged into the pond water inlet 5 by the water pump A, and the water in the pond is discharged into the cooling water inlet 71 by the pond water outlet 6 through a fall; a valve and a flowmeter B are arranged on a pipeline between the cooling water inlet 71 and the pond 1, so that the water inlet amount and the water outlet amount of the pond are kept consistent; the pond is also provided with a water replenishing port 8 and a sewage draining port 9, and the distance from the bottom of the sewage draining port 9 to the bottom of the pond is 0.2-0.3 m; a sedimentation digestion tank 10 is arranged between the pond 1 and the cooling tank 71, a filtering tank 11 is arranged between the sedimentation digestion tank 10 and the cooling tank 71, and a cobble layer 111, a coarse sand layer 112 and a fine sand layer 113 are sequentially arranged in the filtering tank 11 according to the water flow direction; the cobble layer 111 and the coarse sand layer 112 are separated by a wire netting with the aperture of 9mm, and the coarse sand layer 112 and the fine sand layer 113 are separated by a wire netting with the aperture of 0.5-0.7 mm; the cobble layer 111 is made of cobbles; the coarse sand layer 112 is composed of cobblestones and coarse sand; the fine sand layer 113 is composed of cobblestones, coarse sand and fine sand; the particle size range of the cobblestones is 15-30mm, the particle size range of the coarse sand is 5-10mm, and the particle size range of the fine sand is 1-3 mm.
(2) Clearing the pond: paving the bottom of the pond with sand stones, paving a layer of pond sludge, and irrigating the pond for 1-2 months after planting aquatic plants; then the pond is cleaned and disinfected by quicklime, and the water is changed for 2-3 times.
(3) Water storage: closing all sewage outlets, opening water replenishing ports, irrigating water from other water sources to the pond, wherein the water depth of the pond is 1-3m, the other water sources are one or the combination of clean well water and river water,
(III) cultivation
(1) Putting the fry into a pond: keeping the temperature of the pond water at 13-16 ℃, selecting white spot pikes with the body length specification of 5-10cm, putting the white spot pikes into the pond according to the input quantity of 500 and 800 tails of each pond, and then gradually increasing the temperature of the pond water to 18-23 ℃ by adjusting the water quantity of a cooling pond and other water sources;
(2) and (3) breeding the feed fish: screening and separating purchased or cultured trash fish into different sizes and specifications through a screen mesh, and putting the trash fish into fish boxes with different meshes, wherein the trash fish comprises one or a combination of crucian carp, chub, carp, dace, maokou fish or minnow or silver floating fish. The fish box is placed in a purification tank for 1-2 weeks without feeding feed and manure, and the natural aquatic microorganisms are used for breeding trash fish, water in the purification tank can be irrigated and drained, and the water quality is kept clean, so that the feed fish is obtained; according to the actual situation, the drug sustained-release pill is placed in the water of a purification pool, and each cubic meter of water is about 20-50 g;
(3) adult fish feeding: according to seasonal changes, the temperature of the pond water is maintained between 20 and 25 ℃ by adjusting the water circulation speed, and according to actual conditions, the drug sustained-release pill is placed in the water of a purification pond, wherein each cubic meter of the water is about 15 to 20 g; monitoring the growth condition of the white dog fish every week, feeding feed fish with palatable specification every day, wherein the feed fish specification is 1/4-1/3 of the body length of the white dog fish, and the feed fish fed every day is 2000-3000 tails; adult fish breeding period is 1-2 years, during which the adult fish is harvested and separately cultured every 10-90 days, and the adult fish is separately cultured in different ponds according to the size specification.
(IV) disease prevention and treatment and fishing inspection
In the pond or the purification pond of each culture stage, copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate can be put in according to the water quality condition for killing, and the copper sulfate and the ferrous sulfate are put in a mode of wrapping the slow-release pills by the fine wire gauze according to the proportion after killing, so that the copper sulfate and the ferrous sulfate can be taken out or put in conveniently according to the actual condition, the adjustment is convenient, and the rapid deterioration of the water quality is inhibited; regularly fishing and checking the growth and health condition of the northern pike, screening adult fish meeting the standard, entering the market, screening diseased fish, and recording and counting the breeding condition.
The production test based on the above-described embodiment was as follows
Example 1 formulation of drug-sustained-release pill: 60 parts of poly-L-lactic acid, 10 parts of starch, 2 parts of tributyl citrate, 10 parts of copper sulfate and 4 parts of ferrous sulfate; other points including the amount of the charge are the same as those in the above embodiment.
Example 2 formulation of drug-sustained-release pellets: 60 parts of poly-L-lactic acid, 30 parts of starch, 6 parts of tributyl citrate, 20 parts of copper sulfate and 8 parts of ferrous sulfate; other points including the amount of the charge are the same as those in the above embodiment.
Example 3 formulation of drug sustained-release pellets: 60 parts of poly-L-lactic acid, 20 parts of starch, 4 parts of tributyl citrate, 15 parts of copper sulfate and 6 parts of ferrous sulfate; other points including the amount of the charge are the same as those in the above embodiment.
Comparative example 1, formulation of drug sustained-release pill: 60 parts of poly-L-lactic acid, 40 parts of starch, 8 parts of tributyl citrate, 25 parts of copper sulfate and 10 parts of ferrous sulfate; other points including the amount of the charge are the same as those in the above embodiment.
Comparative example 2, formulation of drug sustained-release pill: 60 parts of poly-L-lactic acid, 8 parts of starch, 1 part of tributyl citrate, 8 parts of copper sulfate and 3.2 parts of ferrous sulfate; other points including the amount of the charge are the same as those in the above embodiment.
Comparative example 3, except that the drug-sustained-release pellet did not contain poly-L-lactic acid, the other aspects were the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 4, except that the drug-sustained-release pellets did not contain starch, the same procedure as in example 3 was repeated.
Comparative example 5 the same as example 3 except that the drug-sustained-release pellets were made of polybutylene terephthalate-adipate instead of poly (L-lactic acid).
To obtain a better formulation, the effect of the drug-eluting pellets on water quality was tested as shown in the following table, where the criteria was to achieve a good drug concentration in water with fewer pellets. In the culture process, after a large amount of bactericide is put into the water body in the early stage to sterilize and disinfect the water body to obtain a clean water body, the water body can also generate high-concentration harmful bacteria or parasites at intervals, researches show that the copper ions and ferrous ions which keep the water body at certain concentration can reduce the water quality deterioration speed, and the concentrations of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate in the water are respectively 0.8-1 mu g/m after conversion 3 And 0.3-0.4. mu.g/m 3 The fish feed is suitable, the meat quality of fish can not be reduced under the condition of playing a bacteriostatic action, and the duration time in the concentration range is defined as effective drug effect time.
| Effective drug action time/month | |
| Example 1 | 2.5 |
| Example 2 | 3 |
| Example 3 | 4.5 |
| Comparative example 1 | 1 |
| Comparative example 2 | - |
| Comparative example 3 | - |
| Comparative example 4 | - |
| Comparative example 5 | - |
As can be seen from the above examples and comparative examples, the effective drug effect time of the examples is obviously superior to that of the comparative examples because the effective drug effect time is determined by the components, the component content, the release speed and the like of the drug in the pills, and is represented as that the effective drug concentration range in water cannot be too large or too small, the starch content of the comparative examples 1 and 3 is too large and is easy to decompose in water, the drug concentration is too high, the release speed is too high, the drug concentration in the early water exceeds the standard, the drug concentration in the later period is not enough, and the sterilization effect is poor. Comparative examples 2 and 4 are due to the fact that the starch decomposed quickly is less and the poly-L-lactic acid decomposed slightly slowly, resulting in the long-term non-compliance of the drug concentration in water. Comparative example 5 is a representative example of many comparative experiments, and proves that the degradation speed and other properties of the L-polylactic acid can enable the water to reach a proper disinfectant concentration compared with other biodegradable resins, but the common biodegradable resin polybutylene terephthalate-adipate can not achieve the effect, so that the poly-L-lactic acid is a better choice.
Comparative example 6, in 8 months, on the basis of example 3, the self-cooling circulation system is closed, and the water temperature is controlled only by supplementing and replacing water by deep well underground water.
| Water consumption m 3 Month/month | |
| Example 3 | 5 |
| Comparative example 6 | 80 |
Compared with the prior art, the self-cooling circulation pond culture system simply supplies the underground water of the deep well, and saves a large amount of underground water resources.
Comparative example 7 the same procedure as in example 3 was repeated except that the breeding in the trash fish purification tank was not conducted.
After the culture for nearly four months, the average value of the volume specification of the northern pike in the example 3 is increased by 5-6 percent compared with that in the comparative example 7, and the experiment proves that the purification breeding of the trash fish is beneficial to improving the growth rate of the northern pike and keeping the health, and can further improve the market added value.
The scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments of the present invention, and any changes or substitutions that may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for culturing high-quality white spot pikes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a pond: building a pond culture system, cleaning a pond, storing water and keeping the water depth of 1-3 m;
(2) putting the fry into a pond: keeping the temperature of the pond water at 13-16 ℃, selecting white spot pikes with the body length specification of 5-10cm, putting the white spot pikes into the pond according to the input quantity of 500 and 800 tails of each pond, and then gradually increasing the temperature of the pond water to 18-23 ℃ by adjusting the water quantity of a cooling pond and other water sources;
(3) and (3) breeding the feed fish: putting the purchased or cultured trash fish into a proper fish box, culturing for 1-2 weeks in a purification pool, and irrigating and draining water for the purification pool to keep the water quality clean to obtain feed fish without feeding feed and manure;
(4) adult fish feeding: according to seasonal changes, the water circulation speed is adjusted, the temperature of the pond water is maintained between 20 and 25 ℃, the growth condition of the white dogfish is monitored every week, palatable feed fishes are fed every day, the feed fishes are 1/4 to 1/3 of the body length, and the feed fishes fed every day are 2000-3000 fish tails; the adult fish breeding period is 1-2 years, during which the adult fish is harvested and separately cultured every 10-90 days, and the adult fish is separately cultured in different ponds according to the size specification;
the pond culture system is a self-cooling circulation pond culture system and comprises a pond group and a cooling system; the pond group comprises two or more ponds which are arranged in series; the ponds are connected by a water channel, and the water channel is provided with a fish blocking net and a sluice gate with different mesh specifications; wherein the length and width of the pond are respectively 30m and the depth is 3.5-5 m; the pond group is provided with a pond water inlet and a pond water outlet; a cooling system is arranged at a position 10-20m underground of the pond, the cooling system consists of two or more cooling ponds, the cooling ponds are communicated with one another by heat dissipation pipelines, the peripheries of the cooling ponds are formed by seamlessly welding steel plates, the length, the width and the height of the cooling ponds are 20 multiplied by 10 multiplied by 5m, a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet are respectively connected with a pond water outlet and a pond water inlet by pipelines, a water pump is arranged between the cooling water outlet and the pond water inlet, the water pump pumps water in the cooling ponds into the pond water inlet, and the water in the ponds is discharged into the cooling water inlet from the pond water outlet by means of fall; a valve and a flowmeter are arranged on a pipeline between the cooling water inlet and the pond, so that the water inlet amount and the water outlet amount of the pond are kept consistent; the pond is also provided with a water replenishing port and a sewage draining port which are respectively used for connecting other water sources and draining sewage at the bottom of the pond;
a drug sustained-release pill is placed in the purification tank, and the drug sustained-release pill comprises the following components in parts by weight:
poly (L-lactic acid) 60
10-30 of starch
Citric acid tributyl ester 2-6
10-20 parts of copper sulfate
4-8 parts of ferrous sulfate.
2. The method for breeding high-quality white spot pikes according to claim 1, wherein the pond cleaning comprises the following steps: paving the bottom of the pond with sand stones, paving a layer of pond sludge, and irrigating the pond for 1-2 months after planting aquatic plants; then the pond is cleaned and disinfected by quicklime, and the water is changed for 2-3 times.
3. The method for culturing the high-quality white spot pike according to claim 1, wherein the trash fish is screened and separated into different sizes by a screen and is put into fish boxes with different meshes, and the trash fish comprises one or a combination of crucian carp, chub, carp, dace, makou, minnow and silvery flounder.
4. The method for culturing high-quality northern pikes according to claim 1, wherein the pond is provided with an aerator.
5. The method for culturing the high-quality white spot pike according to claim 1, characterized in that a sedimentation digestion tank is further arranged between the pond and the cooling tank.
6. The method for breeding high-quality northern pikes according to claim 5, wherein a filtering pond is further provided between the sedimentation and digestion tank and the cooling pond, the filtering pond being arranged with a cobble layer, a coarse sand layer and a fine sand layer in this order according to the direction of water flow; the cobble layer and the coarse sand layer are separated by a wire netting with the aperture of 9mm, and the coarse sand layer and the fine sand layer are separated by a wire netting with the aperture of 0.5-0.7 mm; the cobble layer is composed of cobbles; the coarse sand layer consists of cobblestones and coarse sand; the fine sand layer consists of cobblestones, coarse sand and fine sand; the particle size range of the cobblestones is 15-30mm, the particle size range of the coarse sand is 5-10mm, and the particle size range of the fine sand is 1-3 mm.
7. The method for culturing high-quality white spot pikes as claimed in claim 5, wherein the sedimentation digestion tank is provided with drug sustained-release pills.
8. The method for culturing the high-quality white spot pike according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the drug sustained-release pill comprises the following steps: (1) uniformly mixing the tributyl citrate and the poly-L-lactic acid in a stirrer, adding the powder of starch, copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate, and uniformly stirring, wherein the powder is adhered to the particles of the poly-L-lactic acid to obtain a raw material; (2) extruding and granulating the raw materials by adopting a single-screw extruder, wherein the barrel temperature of the extruder is 170-180 ℃ to obtain the drug sustained-release pill; the particle size range of the drug sustained-release pill is 5-10 mm.
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