CN113955803B - 一种粒度可调控的氧化钨粉及钨粉的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种粒度可调控的氧化钨粉及钨粉的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C01G41/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种粒度可调控的氧化钨粉及钨粉的制备方法,该方法将仲钨酸铵原料溶解于含有有机羧酸溶液中,然后加入含有胺基的有机试剂,通过组元成分和工艺条件的控制,结晶生成所需粒度的氧化钨粉(黄钨)颗粒,氧化钨进一步还原制备钨粉;本发明制备的粉末粒度在20nm~8μm范围内,通过调整工艺参数,控制产出任意粒度粉末;本发明方法工艺简单,可以连续化生产,产品调控灵活,制备粉末纯度高,环境友好,可用于工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化学合成粒度控制方法,具体是一种粒度可调控的氧化钨粉及钨粉的制备方法。
背景技术
钨及其合金由于具有优良的物理化学性质,用于生产硬质合金、军工器械及集成电路制造,在工业有着独特无可替代的应用,硬质合金更是堪称“工业的牙齿”。氧化钨/钨粉是生产钨制品的主要原料,大量用于生产碳化钨、钨条、钨棒、钨丝等钨型材,以及作为合金元素生产钨铁、钨铜等钨合金。氧化钨/钨粉也是钨深加工的分叉点,用粉末冶金的方式,可直接加工成钨型材;钨粉碳化后生成的碳化钨可生产硬质合金刀具、模具、凿矿钻头。合金成分钨粉直接添加到其铁、铜等金属中可制备钨合金。钨的特性,限制了钨的深加工只能采用粉末冶金的方法进行,粉末的粒径和粒度分布,直接影响着钨材料的性能。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种粒度可调控的氧化钨粉及钨粉的制备方法,解决目前钨深加工行业对不同粒径钨粉产品的市场需求问题。
本发明粒度可调控的氧化钨粉及钨粉的制备方法如下:
(1)常温下,将含有羧基的有机试剂溶解于纯水,搅拌均匀制得质量体积浓度2%~30%的A溶液;
所述含有羧基的有机试剂由柠檬酸、甲酸、乙酸、羟基乙酸、乙二酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、丁二酸、丙二酸中的1~3种组成;
(2)常温下,将仲钨酸铵(APT)溶解于A溶液中,搅拌均匀制得0.5%~25%质量浓度的仲钨酸铵溶液;
(3)常温下,往仲钨酸铵溶液中加入含有胺基的有机试剂,搅拌均匀获得B溶液,其中含有羧基的有机试剂与含有胺基的有机试剂的质量比为1:1~2.5;
所述含有胺基的有机试剂由甲酰胺、乙酰胺、丙酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、碳酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、烟酰胺、乙二酰胺、丁酰胺中的1~3种组成;
(4)对B溶液进行加热,以升温速率0.5~20℃/min升温至60~90℃,搅拌反应生成氧化钨;反应产物经过滤,洗涤干燥,获得纳微米级氧化钨粉,氧化钨进一步还原获得对应粒度的钨粉;
所述干燥温度为90~260℃,升温速率为5~10℃/min。
与现有的技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
(1)本发明提出了一种简单有效的粒度可调控的氧化钨粉及钨粉的制备方法,方法中原料为市售常规原料,工艺流程较短、制备过程无杂质污染,添加试剂为有机试剂,可通过干燥煅烧排除,产品纯度有保障;
(2)本发明工艺可控,根据浓度、温度工艺参数调整可制备纳米级、微米级等不同粒径的氧化钨粉/钨粉产品,本发明制备的粉末粒度在20nm~8μm范围内;
(3)本发明方法直接获得氧化钨,减少了煅烧制备氧化钨的工序,缩短工艺流程,节约了能源成本;
(4)温度、搅拌和升温速率均可实现自动化操作,易于产品质量稳定和工业化生产。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明,但本发明保护范围不局限于所述内容。
实施例1:
(1)常温下,称量100g柠檬酸加入5000mL纯水中,搅拌溶解制得柠檬酸溶液,备用;
(2)常温下,称量50g仲钨酸铵加入步骤(1)柠檬酸溶液中,搅拌均匀制得A溶液;
(3)常温下,称量100g甲酰胺加入步骤(2)A溶液中,搅拌均匀获得B溶液;
(4)等甲酰胺完全溶解后开始对B溶液在800r/min转速下搅拌加热,控制升温速率为20℃/min,为保证升温速率,B溶液可分批次进行加热,当达到80℃时,溶液颜色由透明迅速转为黄色,生成黄色氧化钨,反应10min即完成;
(5)反应完成后,停止搅拌和加热,静置10h,氧化钨沉淀,上层溶液澄清,抽取上清液后,加入纯水搅拌洗涤、澄清、抽液再洗涤,反复洗涤5次;最后黄色氧化钨浆料冷冻干燥,获得粒度D50=30nm,纯度≥99.5%氧化钨粉末;
(6)在高温800℃氢气条件下,对氧化钨粉末进行还原,可获得对应粒度的D50=20nm,纯度≥99.0%的钨粉。
实施例2:
(1)常温下,称量500g羟基乙酸,加入5000mL纯水中,搅拌溶解制得酸溶液,备用;
(2)常温下,称量500g仲钨酸铵加入步骤(1)酸溶液中,搅拌均匀制得A溶液;
(3)常温下,称量1000g碳酰胺加入步骤(2)A溶液中,搅拌均匀获得B溶液;
(4)等碳酰胺完全溶解后开始对B溶液在600r/min转速下搅拌加热,控制升温速率为5℃/min,为保证升温速率,B溶液可分批次进行加热,当达到75℃时,溶液颜色由透明迅速转为黄色,生成黄色氧化钨,反应需30min完成;
(5)反应完成后,停止搅拌和加热,静置30min,氧化钨沉淀,上层溶液澄清,抽取上清液后,采用纯水、10%硝酸溶液、酒精交替搅拌洗涤、澄清、抽液再洗涤,反复洗涤20次;最后过滤脱水的黄色氧化钨在120℃下干燥,干燥后获得粒度D50=0.5μm,纯度≥99.995%的氧化钨粉末;
(6)在高温800℃氢气条件下,对氧化钨粉末进行还原,可获得对应粒度的D50=0.3μm,纯度≥99.99%的钨粉。
实施例3:
(1)常温下,称量1000g酒石酸,加入5000mL纯水中,搅拌溶解制得酸溶液,备用;
(2)常温下,称量1000g仲钨酸铵加入步骤(1)酸溶液中,搅拌均匀制得APT溶液;
(3)常温下,称量1000g乙二酰胺加入步骤(2)APT溶液中,搅拌均匀获得B溶液;
(4)等乙二酰胺完全溶解后开始对B溶液在200r/min转速下搅拌加热,控制升温速率为10℃/min,为保证升温速率,B溶液可分批次进行加热,当达到70℃时,溶液颜色由透明迅速转为黄色,生成黄色氧化钨,反应需60min完成;
(5)反应完成后,停止搅拌和加热,静置60min,氧化钨沉淀,上层溶液澄清,抽取上清液后,加入纯水搅拌洗涤、澄清、抽液再洗涤,反复洗涤10次;最后过滤脱水的黄色氧化钨在120℃下干燥,干燥后获得D50=3μm,纯度≥99.95%的氧化钨粉末;
(6)在高温850℃氢气条件下,对氧化钨粉末进行还原,可获得对应粒度的D50=2.5μm,纯度≥99.9%的钨粉。
实施例4:
(1)常温下,称量1500g甲酸和乙酸(1:1),加入5000mL纯水中,搅拌溶解制得酸溶液,备用;
(2)常温下,称量1250g仲钨酸铵加入步骤(1)酸溶液中,搅拌均匀制得A溶液;
(3)常温下,称量2200g N,N-二甲基甲酰胺加入步骤(2)A溶液中,搅拌均匀获得B溶液;
(4)等N,N-二甲基甲酰胺完全溶解后开始对B溶液进行100r/min转速下搅拌加热,控制升温速率为1℃/min,为保证升温速率,B溶液可分批次进行加热,当达到70℃时,溶液颜色由透明开始迅速转为黄色,生成黄色氧化钨,反应需120min完成;
(5)反应完成后,停止搅拌和加热,静置30min,氧化钨沉淀,上层溶液澄清,抽取上清液后,采用纯水、10%硝酸、酒精交替搅拌洗涤、澄清、抽液再洗涤,反复洗涤20次;最后过滤脱水的黄色氧化钨在120℃下干燥,干燥后获得D50=8μm,纯度≥99.995%的氧化钨粉末;
(6)在高温850℃氢气条件下,对氧化钨粉末进行还原,可获得对应粒度的D50=7μm,纯度≥99.99%的钨粉。
Claims (2)
1.一种粒度可调控的氧化钨粉及钨粉的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
(1)常温下,将含有羧基的有机试剂溶解于纯水,搅拌均匀制得质量体积浓度2%~30%的A溶液;
(2)常温下,将仲钨酸铵溶解于A溶液中,搅拌均匀制得0.5%~25%质量体积浓度的仲钨酸铵溶液;
(3)常温下,往仲钨酸铵溶液中加入含有胺基的有机试剂,搅拌均匀获得B溶液,其中含有羧基的有机试剂与含有胺基的有机试剂的质量比为1:1~2.5;
(4)对B溶液进行加热,以升温速率0.5~20℃/min升温至60~90℃,搅拌反应生成氧化钨;反应产物静置过滤,洗涤干燥,获得纳微米级氧化钨粉,氧化钨进一步还原获得对应粒度的钨粉;
含有羧基的有机试剂由柠檬酸、甲酸、乙酸、羟基乙酸、乙二酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、丁二酸、丙二酸中的1~3种组成;
含有胺基的有机试剂由甲酰胺、乙酰胺、丙酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、碳酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、烟酰胺、乙二酰胺、丁酰胺中的1~3种组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的粒度可调控的氧化钨粉及钨粉的制备方法,其特征在于:干燥温度为90~260℃。
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