CN113951121A - Method for quickly and efficiently germinating aerial bulbs of garlic - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly and efficiently germinating garlic aerial bulbs, which effectively solves the problems of low vitality, difficult germination, low propagation coefficient, long cultivation time and the like of the garlic aerial bulbs by combining pretreatment of the garlic aerial bulbs with strict regulation and control of germination environment, greatly improves the germination rate and the germination vitality of the garlic aerial bulbs and the growth vigor of seedlings, and greatly shortens the germination period. The technology can be popularized and applied to the propagation of the garlic aerial bulbs on a large scale, so that the seed property recovery of the garlic is accelerated, the purification and rejuvenation of the garlic are completed, and the growth potential and stress resistance of garlic plants and the yield and quality of the garlic bulbs are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of garlic aerial bulb propagation, and particularly relates to a method for quickly and efficiently germinating garlic aerial bulbs.
Background
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a biennial herb of the genus Allium (amarylidae) and has attracted much attention because of its unique flavor and high nutritional value. China is a global garlic main producing area, and the garlic planting area of China is over 80 kilohm in 20202The garlic planting area accounts for 50% of the total garlic planting area in the world, the garlic planting area accounts for 75% of the total garlic planting area in the world, the export amount is 223.20 ten thousand tons, and the garlic planting area plays an important role in earning foreign exchange for vegetables in China. Because garlic is difficult to blossom and fruit, bulbs are usually adopted for asexual propagation, and the phenomena of virus accumulation and seed nature degradation are increasingly serious due to long-term asexual propagation, and the garlic has severe problems of weak growth, reduced propagation coefficient, reduced yield and quality and the like, which undoubtedly causes the reduction of garlic cultivation area and yield in China, thereby influencing the prospect of earning foreign exchange for vegetable export in China.
The aerial bulb of garlic is formed by the development of bulbil in the bud at the top end of the garlic bolt, and has the characteristics of small volume, rapid growth, stable heredity, high propagation coefficient and less virus carrying. The garlic aerial bulb is used for propagation, so that the garlic seed nature can be recovered, the propagation coefficient is improved, and the growth vigor and the disease resistance of progeny plants can be enhanced. The existing garlic aerial bulb propagation method mainly comprises the steps of carrying out open direct seeding propagation on mature aerial bulbs and carrying out tissue culture on immature aerial bulbs.
The garlic aerial bulbs are late in germination, low in germination rate, weak in seedling growth and low in uniformity, and the garlic aerial bulbs are small in size and light in weight, so that the garlic aerial bulbs are difficult to uniformly sow in the open direct seeding and are easily washed by rainwater. At present, the research for promoting the germination of the garlic aerial bulbs includes the steps of selecting healthy and plump first-stage (the diameter is more than 5 mm) and second-stage (the diameter is 3-5 mm) aerial bulbs, and performing grading sowing on the aerial bulbs. However, the problems of late germination, low germination rate, poor uniformity and difficulty in uniform sowing still exist, and the development of the aerial bulb propagation technology is severely restricted.
The tissue culture technology is used for propagation, immature aerial bulbs in garlic buds are cultured in vitro to induce the aerial bulbs to root, then the aerial bulbs which are induced to survive are cultured to root, and finally the rooted aerial bulb test-tube plantlets are hardened and transplanted. The method has the advantages of high pollution rate of aerial bulbs, low induced survival rate, long germination period and high production cost. At present, researches for promoting the rooting and germination of test-tube plantlets of the aerial bulbs of garlic include that the aerial bulbs are stored at low temperature for a certain time to break dormancy, hormones are added to improve the vegetative growth environment of the aerial bulbs, and the like. However, these methods still have the problems of low propagation coefficient, long in vitro propagation time and high investment cost. At present, the propagation of the aerial bulbs by using the tissue culture technology cannot be popularized and applied in a large area in production, and the fine seed cultivation process of garlic is greatly hindered.
The research on the aerial bulb propagation technology is reported a lot, but the existing research does not form a complete system, and the garlic aerial bulb propagation technology generally has the serious problems of difficult germination, low germination activity, long cultivation time and low propagation coefficient, which limits the large-scale application of the garlic aerial bulb propagation technology and causes great loss for scientific research and production. In order to solve the problems of difficult germination, low propagation coefficient and long cultivation time in the existing garlic aerial bulb propagation technology, the invention provides a method for quickly and efficiently germinating garlic aerial bulbs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for quickly and efficiently germinating aerial bulbs of garlic, which can effectively improve the germination rate and germination activity of the aerial bulbs of garlic, improve the propagation coefficient, facilitate the tidy emergence of seedlings, promote the growth vigor of seedlings, reduce the production cost, shorten the cultivation time and accelerate the sexual recovery process of garlic.
The object of the invention can be achieved by the following measures:
a method for quickly and efficiently germinating aerial bulbs of garlic comprises the following steps:
step (1): screening out garlic aerial bulbs with proper sizes from the obtained garlic aerial bulbs;
step (2): storing the garlic aerial bulbs screened in the step (1) at the temperature of 2-6 ℃ for 25-30 days;
and (3): soaking in sterile distilled water for 10-14 hours, and then sowing in wet vermiculite;
and (4): culturing the well sown aerial bulbs in a dark environment at 18-22 ℃ or 24-26 ℃;
and (5): after sowing, pouring distilled water every day to keep the substrate moist for 5-7 days;
and (6): after the aerial bulbs emerge, transplanting the aerial bulbs into a field, and then carrying out conventional management.
According to the invention, the naturally mature, full-grained and typical-variety-property aerial bulbs harvested in the current year are selected in the step (1), so that healthy and high-quality garlic aerial bulbs can be screened out, and a good foundation is laid for promoting the garlic aerial bulbs to germinate rapidly and efficiently. The aerial bulbs of different varieties of garlic have different typical properties, the skin of the 'Cangshan big red skin' aerial bulbs is light reddish brown and is long and narrow in spindle shape, the average weight of hundred grains is 8.1-8.5 g, and the average number of the grown grains on the buds is 15-18 grains; the 'Sichuan Shuihao' aerial bulb skin is reddish brown and spindle-shaped, the average hundred-grain weight is 22-23 g, and the average number of the growing grains on the buds is 5-10 grains; the aerial bulb skin of the Sichuan soft-leaf garlic is reddish purple and spindle-shaped, the average hundred-grain weight is 14-15 g, and the average number of the growing grains on the buds is 7-12; the variety of the aerial bulb skin of the Majiang red garlic is light reddish brown and is in a fine spindle shape, the average hundred grain weight is 6.3-6.5 g, and the average number of the growing grains on the buds is 15-20. Selecting garlic aerial bulbs with typical characters of the varieties, and facilitating the purification and renaturation of the varieties.
According to the invention, the sizes of the garlic aerial bulbs selected in the step (1) are respectively as follows: the diameter of the 'xanthium large red skin' aerial bulbs is 5-8 mm; the diameter of the 'Sichuan Ershuzao' aerial bulb is 8-12 mm; the diameter of the aerial bulb of the Sichuan soft-leaf garlic is 8-10 mm; the diameter of the aerial bulbs of the Majiang red garlic is 4-5 mm. The diameter range is the range with the best germination benefit of the aerial bulbs of various varieties obtained through experimental research. The size of the garlic aerial bulb nutriment is closely related to the germination condition of garlic, and on one hand, the size of each variety of aerial bulbs can fully utilize the advantages of each variety and as much aerial bulb resources as possible, and can ensure quick germination, improve the germination rate, promote the uniform germination, facilitate the uniform emergence of seedlings and promote the growth of seedlings.
According to the invention, the aerial bulbs are promoted to break dormancy by influencing nutrient accumulation, cell enzyme activity change and related gene regulation at low temperature. The garlic aerial bulbs 2-6 selected in the step (2) are beneficial to breaking dormancy, freezing damage can be caused below 2, and the situation that the dormancy is broken is not facilitated above 6.
According to the invention, the garlic aerial bulbs selected in the step (2) are stored at low temperature for 25-30 days. The influence of the low-temperature storage time on the germination of the garlic aerial bulbs is reported, but the aerial bulbs which are not mature in the buds are used as in-vitro materials and are researched by utilizing a tissue culture technology, and the harvested mature and healthy aerial bulbs are utilized to be researched by combining pretreatment with strict regulation and control of the germination environment. Research reports that the induction rate of the aerial bulb test-tube plantlet of the large garlic is the highest after being stored at the low temperature for 14 days, but after being stored at the low temperature for 14 days, the aerial bulb needs to be induced for about 60 days to achieve higher induction rate, and the aerial bulb which is induced to live is subjected to rooting culture for 45 days to form a normal aerial bulb test-tube plantlet, 4 months are needed for obtaining the aerial bulb plantlet by the method, but only 1 month is needed by the method. The method only takes the induction rate as the screening standard, and is easy to culture the aerial bulb seedlings with low activity and weak growth potential. The invention integrates 5 germination indexes of germination vigor, germination rate, germination index, vitality index and average germination time, can greatly improve the germination rate and germination vigor of the garlic aerial bulbs after being stored at low temperature for 25-30 days, and is beneficial to tidy emergence and growth vigor improvement.
According to the invention, in the step (3), the garlic aerial bulbs are soaked for 10-14 hours, so that sufficient water can be provided for the early stage of germination of the garlic aerial bulbs.
According to the invention, in the step (3), the garlic aerial bulbs are soaked in the 0.3% -0.5% carbendazim solution, so that bacteria and fungi attached to the aerial bulbs can be killed, the pollution rate of the aerial bulbs in the germination process is effectively reduced, and the disease incidence rate in the later growth stage is reduced.
According to the invention, 0.2-0.4% of monopotassium phosphate is added in the step (3) to provide nutrients for the garlic aerial bulbs in the early stage of germination.
According to the invention, the water content of the vermiculite in the step (3) is kept at 50-70% by pouring with sterile distilled water, so that necessary water can be provided for the whole process of aerial bulb germination to promote the germination of the aerial bulbs. If the water content is too low, the water supply is insufficient, and the germination is slow; the water content is too high, so that germs are easy to breed.
According to the invention, in the step (3), the aerial bulbs of the garlic are obliquely arranged, the root part is 5-8 mm lower than the top part, and the matrix is not covered with soil, so that the moisture can be fully preserved, the germination condition can be conveniently observed, and the germination rate can be counted.
In the invention, when the variety maturity is early maturity, middle early maturity and middle maturity, the culture temperature in the step (4) of the invention is preferably 24-26 ℃, and when the variety is late maturity, the culture temperature is preferably 18-22 ℃. The activity of enzyme and the metabolism in the aerial bulbs are reduced due to the low temperature, and the enzyme protein structure is changed and inactivated due to the high temperature, so that the germination process is inhibited.
In the invention, the substrate in the step (5) is kept wet, which means that the water content of the substrate is kept between 50 and 70 percent.
In the invention, in the step (6), when the aerial bulbs emerge seedlings with the height of 2 cm, the seedlings are transplanted. Premature transplantation, low survival rate of the aerial bulbs; after late transplantation, the seedlings are easy to overgrow, so that the seedlings grow badly.
The inventor finds that the germination of the garlic aerial bulbs is influenced by the combination of intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors, the size of the aerial bulbs is an important intrinsic factor influencing the germination, and the illumination condition, the germination temperature and the storage time are important extrinsic factors influencing the germination. Aerial bulb size is a relatively stable life history characteristic of garlic, which affects aerial bulb dormancy, germination, and seedling vigor. Wherein, the illumination plays the effect of signal transmission in the aerial bulb germination process, and through the light absorption state of regulation and control light-sensitive element, and then influences the start of different physiological responses. The influence of temperature on the germination process of the aerial bulbs mainly comes from the control of enzyme reaction, and the enzyme activity in the aerial bulbs is changed in a proper temperature range to promote the germination process. The illumination and temperature play an important role in the germination characteristics and the physiological process of garlic. The aerial bulbs can break dormancy after being stored for a certain time under the condition of low temperature, and the aerial bulbs are promoted to germinate. The invention firstly discovers the optimal size treatment of the aerial bulb germination of each variety, combines the influence of illumination conditions on the aerial bulb germination on the basis, and then combines the low-temperature storage time and the germination temperature to establish a method for quickly and efficiently germinating the aerial bulbs of the garlic, thereby providing scientific basis for the propagation of the aerial bulbs of the garlic.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the germination rate is high: according to the method, the germination rates of the variety 'Cangshan big red skin', 'Sichuan early-water', 'Sichuan soft-leaf garlic' and 'Majiang red garlic' are respectively improved by 63.64%, 55.36%, 73.91% and 75% by combining the mode of combining aerial bulb pretreatment with strict regulation and control of the germination environment;
2. the germination activity is high: the method respectively improves the germination indexes of the aerial bulbs of the variety 'cangshan big red skin', 'Sichuan early-water', 'Sichuan soft-leaf garlic' and 'Majiang red garlic' by 86.35%, 68.41%, 75.42% and 90.99%, and respectively improves the vitality indexes by 54.55%, 64.23%, 58.6% and 44.90%;
3. the application range is wide: can be suitable for early-maturing, middle-maturing and late-maturing different-maturing varieties such as ' large red skin of cockscomb ', ' early-maturing in Sichuan dihydrate ', ' soft-leaf garlic in Sichuan ' and ' red garlic in Majiang, etc.;
4. the operation is simple: compared with the tissue culture technology, the method has low technical requirement and simple operation;
5. the germination time is short: the average germination time of the aerial bulbs of the garlic is only 4-5 days by adopting the method;
6. reducing the bacteria carrying rate: the method can reduce the bacteria-carrying rate of the garlic aerial bulbs by 60-80 percent;
7. the germination time is shortened: compared with the method for directly seeding and breeding in the open field, the germination time of the garlic aerial bulbs can be shortened by 10-20 days by adopting the method; compared with the tissue culture technology, the germination time of the garlic aerial bulbs can be shortened by 45-60 days by adopting the method.
8. The cost is saved: compared with the tissue culture technology, the method can greatly reduce the investment cost, and in addition, the method has the advantages of high germination rate, strong germination activity, high propagation coefficient and regular seedling emergence, and can be popularized and applied in large area in the actual production. The method greatly accelerates the cultivation process of the garlic aerial bulbs and obviously reduces the production cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows different diameter size of the aerial bulbs of each variety;
wherein A: 'xanthium scarlet skin' aerial bulbs; b: 'Sichuan dihydrate early' aerial bulbs; c: 'Sichuan soft-leaf garlic' aerial bulbs; d: 'Majiang red garlic' aerial bulbs;
FIG. 2 the effect of different lighting conditions on the germination of garlic aerial bulbs;
wherein A: cultivating the cangshan large red skin aerial bulbs under a dark condition; b: 'Sichuan dihydrate early' aerial bulbs are cultured under the dark condition; c: the Sichuan soft-leaf garlic is cultured in the dark under the condition of aerial bulbs; d: 'Majiang red garlic' is cultured in the dark under the condition of aerial bulbs; e: cultivating the cangshan large red skin aerial bulbs under the illumination condition; f: 'Sichuan dihydrate early' aerial bulbs are cultured under the illumination condition; g: the Sichuan soft-leaf garlic is cultured in the presence of light; h: culturing Majiang red garlic in the presence of light;
FIG. 3 the effect of different storage times and germination temperatures in combination treatment on the germination of garlic aerial bulbs;
wherein A: 'xanthium scarlet skin' aerial bulbs; b: 'Sichuan dihydrate early' aerial bulbs; c: 'Sichuan soft-leaf garlic' aerial bulbs; d: 'Majiang red garlic' aerial bulbs; a: storing for 0 day; b: storing for 7 days; c: storing for 14 days; d: storing for 21 days; e: storing for 28 days.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1:
the aerial bulbs of the garlic varieties 'xanthium large red skin' (early maturity), 'Sichuan early dehydrate' (middle early maturity), 'Sichuan soft-leaf garlic' (middle maturity) and 'Majiang red garlic' (late maturity) harvested in the current year are selected as test materials. Selecting healthy and plump aerial bulbs with typical characters of varieties, and dividing the aerial bulbs into three stages, namely a large stage, a middle stage and a small stage according to the diameters of the aerial bulbs. Soaking in mixed solution of 0.3% carbendazim and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 12 hr, soaking in sterile distilled water for 12 hr, and sowing in vermiculite with water content of 60% in 20 granules per tray for 5 times. The germination standard is that the length of the embryo grows to the length of the aerial bulb. Counting the number of the germinated seeds day by day, and calculating 5 germination indexes of germination vigor, germination rate, germination index, vigor index and average germination time, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
the germination rate (%) of the seeds is the number of germinated seeds at the initial stage (day 3)/number of test seeds × 100%
The germination rate (%) of the seeds is the number of germinated seeds at the end stage (day 7)/number of test seeds × 100%
Germination index (Gi) ═ Sigma (Gt/Dt)
Vitality Index (VI) ═ Gi × S
Average germination time (d) ∑ (Gt × Dt)/Σ Gt
Wherein Dt represents the number of days of germination; gt represents the number of germinated seeds per day corresponding to Dt; s is the fresh weight (g) of normal seedlings.
TABLE 1 influence of aerial bulb size on germination indicator of garlic aerial bulbs
Note: in comparison with the same column, lower case letters after the data indicate that p is significantly different at the 0.05 level, as follows.
The results show that: the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of selecting cang shan big red skin 'aerial bulbs with the diameter of 5-8 mm, Sichuan diaquan early' aerial bulbs with the diameter of 8-12 mm, Sichuan soft-leaf garlic 'aerial bulbs with the diameter of 8-10 mm and Majiang red garlic' aerial bulbs with the diameter of 4-5 mm for sowing, wherein the cang shan big red skin 'aerial bulbs, the Sichuan diaquan early' aerial bulbs, the Sichuan soft-leaf garlic 'aerial bulbs with the diameter of 8-10 mm and the Majiang red garlic' aerial bulbs with the diameter of 4-5 mm are selected for sowing, and the method is early in germination, strong in germination vigor, high in germination rate and high in germination vitality, and is beneficial to tidy emergence of seedlings and capable of improving the propagation coefficient. When the diameter is not in the range of the invention, the aerial bulbs are difficult to germinate and have low activity index, which is not beneficial to promoting germination and improving propagation coefficient. The diameter range of the aerial bulbs of each variety has the best germination index.
Example 2:
the aerial bulbs of the garlic varieties 'xanthium large red skin', 'Sichuan early dehydrate', 'Sichuan soft-leaf garlic' and 'Majiang red garlic' which are harvested in the same year, healthy, full and consistent in size and have typical characters of the varieties are selected as test materials, and the diameters of the aerial bulbs of the varieties are in the optimal diameter range screened in the example 1. Soaking the aerial bulbs in a mixed solution of 0.3% carbendazim and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 12 hours, soaking in sterile distilled water for 12 hours, sowing in vermiculite with the water content of 60%, repeating for 5 times by 20 grains per dish, and randomly placing in a light incubator. The culture was carried out under 20 dark conditions and 20 light (12h, 10000Lux) as a control. The germination criteria were the length of the embryo to the length of the aerial bulb, and the measurement criteria were the same as example 1.
TABLE 2 Effect of different lighting conditions on the germination index of garlic aerial bulbs
The results are shown in table 2, the germination index of the 'xanthium large red skin' aerial bulbs cultured under the dark condition is not significantly different from that of the 'Sichuan early' aerial bulbs cultured under the light condition, and the germination vigor, the germination index and the vitality index of the 'Sichuan early' aerial bulbs are improved by 10.34%, 10.25% and 18.4%; the germination vigor, the germination rate, the germination index and the vitality index of the 'Sichuan soft-leaf garlic' aerial bulbs are obviously improved by 78.94%, 59.46%, 23.51% and 20%; the germination vigor and the germination rate of the aerial bulbs of the Majiang red garlic are obviously improved by 83.3 percent and 60.91 percent. As shown in FIG. 2, the aerial bulbs cultured under the dark condition are significantly stronger and better grown than those cultured under the light condition, indicating that the aerial bulbs of different varieties are more suitable for culturing under the dark condition.
Example 3:
the aerial bulb material (same as example 2) was stored in a 4-day refrigerator for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, respectively, and then subjected to an aerial bulb germination test after the storage. Soaking in mixed solution of 0.3% carbendazim and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 12 hr, soaking in sterile distilled water for 12 hr, sowing in vermiculite with water content of 60%, repeating for 5 times with 20 granules per dish, and randomly placing in light incubator. Incubations were performed in 20 dark conditions and 25 dark conditions were used as controls. The germination criteria were the length of the embryo to the length of the aerial bulb, and the measurement criteria were the same as example 1.
TABLE 3 influence of storage time and Germination temperature combination treatment on the Germination index of the aerial bulbs of Xanthium sibiricum
The results are shown in table 3, where the ` CANGSHADAHONGPI ` aerial bulbs stored for 28 days were cultured at 25 ℃ and had high germination rate, strong germination viability and short germination time. The germination rate of the aerial bulbs is greatly reduced and the germination activity is obviously reduced under the combined treatment of other storage time and germination temperature, and the best germination index is not obtained.
TABLE 4 Effect of storage time and Germination temperature combination treatment on ` Sichuan Ershuihao ` aerial bulb Germination index
The results are shown in table 4, where ` Sichuan Ershui ` early aerial bulbs had the best germination indicator after 28 days of storage at 25. When the storage time and the germination temperature are beyond the range of the invention, the germination of the aerial bulbs is extremely unfavorable, and the germination activity is improved.
TABLE 5 Effect of storage time and Germination temperature combination treatment on Germination index of aerial bulbs of Sichuan soft-leaf garlic
The results are shown in table 5, and the air bulbs of the 'Sichuan soft-leaf garlic' are cultured at 25 ℃ after being stored for 28 days, so that the germination vigor is remarkably improved, and the air bulbs of the 'Sichuan soft-leaf garlic' have the best germination indexes within the scope of the invention.
TABLE 6 influence of storage time and germination temperature combination treatment on the aerial bulb germination index of Majiang red garlic
The results are shown in table 6, that the 'Majiang red garlic' aerial bulbs stored at 28 days later and cultured at 20 ℃ have the best germination indexes, and at the moment, the germination vigor is remarkably increased, and the germination vigor is remarkably improved. In conclusion, all the varieties of aerial bulbs show strong germination vigor, high germination rate and vigorous germination after being stored for 28 days. As shown in FIG. 3, the aerial bulbs of the Sichuan soft-leaf garlic are best cultivated at 25 ℃ after being stored for 28 days, and the aerial bulbs of the Majiang red-leaf garlic are best cultivated at 20 ℃ after being stored for 28 days.
Claims (9)
1. A method for quickly and efficiently germinating aerial bulbs of garlic is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1): screening garlic aerial bulbs with proper size from the obtained garlic aerial bulbs;
step (2): storing the garlic aerial bulbs screened in the step (1) at the temperature of 2-6 ℃ for 25-30 days;
and (3): soaking in sterile distilled water for 10-14 hours, and then sowing in wet vermiculite;
and (4): culturing the sown aerial bulbs in a dark environment at 18-22 ℃ or 24-26 ℃;
and (5): after sowing, pouring distilled water every day to keep the vermiculite moist for 5-7 days;
and (6): after the aerial bulbs emerge, transplanting the aerial bulbs into a field, and then carrying out conventional management.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the garlic aerial bulbs in step (1) are full-grain, uniform-size, and have breed-typical traits harvested in the same year.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the garlic aerial bulbs selected in step (1) are respectively of the size: the diameter of the 'xanthium large red skin' aerial bulbs is 5-8 mm; the diameter of the 'Sichuan Ershuzao' aerial bulb is 8-12 mm; the diameter of the aerial bulb of the Sichuan soft-leaf garlic is 8-10 mm; the diameter of the aerial bulbs of the Majiang red garlic is 4-5 mm.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the garlic aerial bulb distilled water in the step (3) is soaked in a mixed solution of 0.3-0.5% carbendazim and 0.2-0.4% monopotassium phosphate for 10-14 hours before being soaked.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the vermiculite water content in the step (3) is maintained at 50-70% by pouring with distilled water.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the garlic aerial bulbs of step (3) are placed at an inclination of 45 ° without covering the ground substance with soil.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the culture in the step (4) is 24 to 26 ℃.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the culture temperature in the step (4) is 24 to 26 ℃ when the variety is premature, medium premature or medium mature, and 18 to 22 ℃ when the variety is late mature.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the transplanting is initiated in step (6) when the aerial bulbs germinate to a height of 2 cm.
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