CN113951117A - Efficient breeding technology of Martin grapes - Google Patents
Efficient breeding technology of Martin grapes Download PDFInfo
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- CN113951117A CN113951117A CN202111177634.0A CN202111177634A CN113951117A CN 113951117 A CN113951117 A CN 113951117A CN 202111177634 A CN202111177634 A CN 202111177634A CN 113951117 A CN113951117 A CN 113951117A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
- A01G31/06—Hydroponic culture on racks or in stacked containers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-efficiency breeding technology of Macardin grapes, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. Selecting annual branches with mature tissues and high lignification degree, and cutting the annual branches into branch sections with the length of 8-12cm as cutting branches, wherein at least one leaf is required on the cutting branches; a branch section of about 1cm is reserved on the blade, and the section of one end, far away from the blade, of the cuttage branch is a bevel cut; soaking the parts below the leaves on the cuttage branches by using a rooting treatment solution; inserting the cuttage branches soaked in the rooting treatment solution into the positioning holes, fixing the cuttage branches on the side plates, and ensuring that leaves of the cuttage branches are positioned outside the side plates; keeping the side plate to be sufficiently illuminated, and supplying moisture to branches in the side plate and leaves outside the side plate through a first spraying system and a second spraying system; and taking out the cuttage branches after the secondary root or the tertiary root growth, directly transplanting or transplanting in a fixed pot, and cuttage again for new cuttage branches at the idle positioning holes. The present invention has the advantages of high survival rate, high efficiency, etc.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and relates to a high-efficiency breeding technology of Masbane grapes.
Background
Due to environmental differences, the survival rate of the scatophagus ampelopsis bred in a cuttage mode is extremely low, and the breeding is generally carried out in a grafting mode, namely branches of common grape stock plants which are easy to survive are removed, and the scatophagus ampelopsis branches are grafted at fracture positions of the branches of the stock plants, so that the scatophagus ampelopsis is grown.
At present, the introduced domestic Mascanthus grapes are generally divided into two subspecies of Guiville and Zhizun, the survival rate of the Guiville grapes is higher than that of the Zhizun grapes, but the overall survival rate of the Mascanthus grapes is extremely lower than that of the common grapes, and the Muscanthus grapes can hardly survive in a grape cuttage mode by taking the Zhizun as an example.
In the prior art, perlite is also used as a basic bed for breeding, but the disadvantages of easy decay of roots, insufficient oxygen supply, inconvenience in observing rooting conditions and the like exist.
Based on this, the high survival rate seedling raising technology for maintaining the excellent quality of the Masbatin grapes is particularly critical.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-efficiency breeding technology of the Maziding grapes aiming at the problems in the prior art, and the technical problem to be solved by the invention is how to improve the breeding survival rate.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: an efficient breeding technology of a Martin grape is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: manufacturing a breeding and planting bed, wherein the breeding and planting bed comprises a base, two side plates and a top plate, an inclination angle between the two side plates and a horizontal plane is 65-85 degrees, the bottom plate and the two side plates form a rooting box with a vertical section in an isosceles triangle shape, the top plate is fixed at the top of the two side plates, a first water tank and a second water tank are arranged in the base, a spraying guide port is formed between the side plates and the top plate, a first spraying system for spraying liquid in the first water tank into the rooting box after atomization treatment is arranged in the rooting box, a second spraying system for spraying liquid in the second water tank to the outer wall surface of each side plate from the spraying guide port after atomization treatment is arranged in the rooting box, and a plurality of positioning holes penetrating through the inner surface and the outer surface of each side plate are formed in each side plate;
step two: selecting annual branches with mature tissues and high lignification degree, and cutting the annual branches into branch sections with the length of 8-12cm as cutting branches, wherein at least one leaf is required on the cutting branches; a branch section of about 1cm is reserved on the blade, and the section of one end, far away from the blade, of the cuttage branch is a bevel cut;
step three: soaking the parts below the leaves on the cuttage branches by using a rooting treatment solution;
step four: inserting the cuttage branches soaked in the rooting treatment solution into the positioning holes, fixing the cuttage branches on the side plates, and ensuring that leaves of the cuttage branches are positioned outside the side plates;
step five: the lighting of the side plates is kept sufficient, moisture is supplied to branches in the side plates and leaves outside the side plates through the first spraying system and the second spraying system, the rooting box is controlled to be in a sealed state when the first spraying system and the second spraying system work, and the rooting box is controlled to be in a ventilated state when the first spraying system and the second spraying system are idle; observing the rooting condition of the branch section of the cuttage branch positioned in the side plate, and carrying out branch inner section re-cutting treatment on the branch with abnormal rooting; removing the secondary lopping if the secondary lopping still can not root;
step six: and taking out the cuttage branches after the secondary root or the tertiary root growth, directly transplanting or transplanting in a fixed pot, and cuttage again for new cuttage branches at the idle positioning holes.
Furthermore, rooting box both ends have a triangular observation window respectively, observation window department sets up removable ventilation door.
Further, as a specific mode of the third step, the rooting treatment solution is 300ppm of indolebutyric acid, and the soaking time is 2-3 hours.
Or 1000ppm indolebutyric acid for 1-2 minutes.
Further, as a specific mode of the fourth step, the aperture of the positioning hole is larger than the diameter of the cuttage branch, and after a soft protective sleeve is coated outside the cuttage branch, the soft protective sleeve is extruded into the positioning hole to fix the cuttage branch on the side plate; the length of the cutting branch segment positioned in the side plate is not less than 3 cm.
Further, the side plates are foam plates.
Furthermore, the soft protective sleeve is a sponge strip which can be wound on the cuttage branch.
Furthermore, the soft protective sleeve is a cloth strip which can be wound on the cuttage branches.
Furthermore, the soft protective sleeve is a perforated and columnar foam block, and a gap penetrating the perforation is formed in the peripheral surface of the foam block.
The purpose of the soft protective sleeve is to prevent the epidermis of the branch from being damaged, and simultaneously, the branch after rooting can be easily taken out from the positioning hole, and after the soft protective sleeve is taken out, the soft protective sleeve is also easily separated from the branch without damaging leaves and root systems, and can adapt to the diameter of the branch in a larger range.
Further, first sprinkling system includes first water pump, a plurality of first water spray branch pipes and a first water spray house steward, the end of intaking of first water pump is linked together with first water tank, and each first water spray branch pipe connects in parallel on first water spray house steward, the play water end of first water spray house steward connection water pump, the top of first water spray branch pipe is provided with the first atomizing nozzle that is located the rooting box.
Furthermore, the second sprinkling system comprises a second water pump, a plurality of second water spraying branch pipes and a second water spraying main pipe, the water inlet end of the second water pump is communicated with the second water tank, the second water spraying branch pipes are connected to the second water spraying main pipe in parallel, the second water spraying main pipe is connected with the water outlet end of the water pump, and second atomizing nozzles located between the top plate and the side plate are arranged at the tops of the second water spraying branch pipes.
Further, a water-saving groove is formed in the base and located below the side plate, and the water-saving groove is communicated with the second water tank; the rooting box is communicated with the first water tank.
Furthermore, rooting treatment liquid and/or sterilization treatment liquid and/or nutrient solution is added into the second water tank.
Furthermore, soda water is added into the first water tank.
Furthermore, an ultraviolet lamp and a high-voltage physical electric field current device are arranged in the rooting box.
The scheme is a photoautotrophic micropropagation mode, is the development of the traditional tissue and sugar-free tissue technology, utilizes the photoautotrophic capacity of the isolated leaves of the plants to enable the isolated leaves to exert the maximum photosynthetic efficiency, realizes the optimization of carbon source and other mineral nutrition supply, and enables the development environment of the isolated branches to have better conditions compared with tissue culture, thereby greatly improving the survival rate of roots and the seedling propagation efficiency.
Compared with the prior art, the scheme has the following characteristics and advantages:
carrying out aeroponic culture by using perlite as a matrix;
the forced supply of carbon dioxide is changed into the leaf spraying supply of carbonated water;
the one-time incision treatment of exogenous hormone or medicine is changed into staged or long-term incision low-concentration atomization stimulation;
the seedbed substrate supply of the nutrient solution is changed into the gas mist supply at the incision, so that the nutrient solution can be recycled and continuously utilized;
the one-time supply of the nutrient solution is changed into the incision spray supply for recycling;
the single micro-spraying cooling mode is changed into a cooling mode combining the ventilation of an aerosol machine;
heating the substrate heating wire to cool or heat the nutrient solution in a centralized way;
changing transplanting field planting proliferation into nutrient solution air fog culture proliferation of in-situ air fog seedbed;
a substrate is taken as a fixed carrier, and a sponge foam board is taken as a fixed carrier;
the rapid propagation method of aeroponic culture has better ventilation, more sufficient oxygen, shortened rooting time, more roots and better development by using the matrix.
The supply of carbon dioxide becomes easier to operate, and the forced supply of high concentration is difficult to realize in the high temperature season in summer in the original system, because the sealed film environment can cause the rapid temperature rise of micro-domains, and the carbonated water formed in the first water tank by the carbonated water is used for spraying and supplementing, after the leaves absorb the carbonated water, the gas can be directly released under the action of enzyme for photosynthesis, and the supply of high concentration gas can be realized in the open environment.
The incision adopts low-concentration rooting powder to act for a long time in the rooting stage, so that the drug injury caused by nonuniform absorption or high concentration in the original one-time treatment can be avoided, the atomization supply of the incision with low concentration can be continuously and stably provided for supplying hormone for the development of an isolated material, and the development of the incision cells is more stable and the development of root primordium is more sufficient. Achieving a hormone stimulating effect similar to that of the traditional tissue. And the regulation and control of the compound hormone or different concentrations can be carried out at different stages, the mechanical damage on the operation brought by the original material centralized treatment position can be simplified, and the operation flow is simplified.
The growth of green algae caused by the original substrate supply can be avoided after the nutrient solution is supplemented by the recyclable incision, and the long-term continuous supply of the atomized nutrient solution is more sufficient than that in the original mode. The waste and pollution of the nutrient solution can be effectively controlled. More importantly, the nutrient solution can really achieve the sterility after being subjected to the compound treatment of ultraviolet rays and an electric field (the high-voltage physical electric field current device exists in the prior art, such as the device in Chinese patent with the application number of CN 201610410387.7), so that the rotting rate of the cut is greatly reduced, and the water of the electric field has the promotion effect on the growth of the plant root system.
The effect of cooling by adopting the air fog to blow the air in the large environment is greatly improved, particularly the effect in summer is more obvious, so that the temperature is easier to control than the original large environment, and the phenomenon of serious water accumulation on the leaf surface caused by cooling is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the breeding bed.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the breeding and cultivating bed facing the side plate.
Figure 3 is a schematic of the structure of a foam block for fixing wickers.
FIG. 4 is a drawing showing the insertion of shoots into a side plate for breeding.
FIG. 5 is a pictorial representation of a shoot rooting segment.
FIG. 6 is a pictorial representation of a bred plant.
In the figure, 1, a base; 11. a first water tank; 12. a second water tank; 13. a water-saving tank; 2. a side plate; 3. a top plate; 4. a spray guide port; 5. a ventilation door; 6. a foam block; 61. perforating; 62. a notch; 71. a first water pump; 72. a first water spray branch pipe; 73. a first main water spray pipe; 74. a first atomizing nozzle; 81. a second water pump; 82. a second water spray branch pipe; 83. a second main water spray pipe; 84. a second atomizing nozzle.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and are further described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Example one
Manufacturing a breeding and cultivating bed, as shown in fig. 1-3, the breeding and cultivating bed comprises a base 1, two side plates 2 and a top plate 3, wherein an inclination angle between the two side plates 2 and a horizontal plane is 65-85 degrees, the bottom plate and the two side plates 2 form a rooting box with an isosceles triangle vertical section, the top plate 3 is fixed at the top of the two side plates 2, a first water tank 11 and a second water tank 12 are arranged in the base 1, a spraying guide port 4 is formed between the side plates 2 and the top plate 3, a first spraying system for spraying liquid in the first water tank 11 into the rooting box after atomization treatment is arranged in the rooting box, a second spraying system for spraying liquid in the second water tank 12 into the outer wall surface of the side plates 2 from the spraying guide port 4 after atomization treatment is arranged in the rooting box, and a plurality of positioning holes penetrating through the inner surface and the outer surface of the side plates 2 are formed in the side plates 2; two ends of the rooting box are respectively provided with a triangular observation window, and a detachable ventilation door 5 is arranged at the observation window; the side plate 2 is a foam plate; the first spraying system comprises a first water pump 71, a plurality of first water spraying branch pipes 72 and a first water spraying main pipe 73, wherein the water inlet end of the first water pump 71 is communicated with the first water tank 11, each first water spraying branch pipe 72 is connected to the first water spraying main pipe 73 in parallel, the first water spraying main pipe 73 is connected with the water outlet end of the water pump, and the top of each first water spraying branch pipe 72 is provided with a first atomizing nozzle 74 positioned in the rooting box.
The second spraying system comprises a second water pump 81, a plurality of second water spraying branch pipes 82 and a second water spraying main pipe 83, the water inlet end of the second water pump 81 is communicated with the second water tank 12, each second water spraying branch pipe 82 is connected to the second water spraying main pipe 83 in parallel, the second water spraying main pipe 83 is connected with the water outlet end of the water pump, and the top of each second water spraying branch pipe 82 is provided with a second atomizing nozzle 84 located between the top plate 3 and the side plate 2. A water-saving groove 13 is arranged on the base 1 and positioned below the side plate 2, and the water-saving groove 13 is communicated with the second water tank 12; the rooting box is communicated with the first water tank 11. Rooting treatment liquid and/or sterilization treatment liquid and/or nutrient solution is added into the second water tank 12. Soda water is added into the first water tank 11, and the concentration of the soda water is controlled within 4%. An ultraviolet lamp and a high-voltage physical electric field current device are arranged in the rooting box.
Selecting annual branches with mature tissues and high lignification degree, and cutting the annual branches into branch sections with the length of 8-12cm as cuttage branches, wherein the cuttage branches are required to have at least one leaf and no bud; a branch section of about 1cm is reserved on the blade, and the section of one end, far away from the blade, of the cuttage branch is a bevel cut;
soaking the parts below the leaves on the cuttage branches by using a rooting treatment solution; the rooting treatment solution is 300ppm of indolebutyric acid, and the soaking time is 2-3 hours. Or 1000ppm indolebutyric acid for 1-2 minutes.
Inserting the cuttage branches soaked by the rooting treatment solution into the positioning holes, fixing the cuttage branches on the side plates 2, and ensuring that leaves of the cuttage branches are positioned outside the side plates 2; specifically, the aperture of the positioning hole is larger than the diameter of the cuttage branch, after the cuttage branch is wrapped by a soft protective sleeve, the soft protective sleeve is a sponge strip capable of being wound on the cuttage branch, and the soft protective sleeve is squeezed into the positioning hole to fix the cuttage branch on the side plate 2; the length of the cutting branch segment positioned in the side plate 2 is not less than 3 cm. The thickness of the side plate 2 is about 2cm, the length of the branch extending out of the side plate 2 is about 3cm, and the rest part is positioned in the side plate 2.
The lighting of the side plate 2 is kept sufficient, moisture is supplied to branches in the side plate 2 and blades outside the side plate 2 through a first spraying system and a second spraying system, the rooting box is controlled to be in a sealed state when the first spraying system and the second spraying system work, and the rooting box is controlled to be in a ventilated state when the first spraying system and the second spraying system are idle; observing the rooting condition of the branch section of the cuttage branch positioned in the side plate 2, and carrying out branch inner section re-cutting treatment on the branch with abnormal rooting; removing the secondary lopping if the secondary lopping still can not root;
and taking out the cuttage branches after the secondary root or the tertiary root growth, directly transplanting or transplanting in a fixed pot, and cuttage again for new cuttage branches at the idle positioning holes.
Example two:
the difference lies in that: the soft protective sleeve is a cloth strip which can be wound on the cuttage branch.
Example three:
the difference lies in that: the soft protective sleeve is a column-shaped foam block 6 with a through hole 61, and the peripheral surface of the foam block 6 is provided with a notch 62 penetrating through the through hole 61.
The purpose of the soft protective sleeve is to prevent the epidermis of the branch from being damaged, and simultaneously, the branch after rooting can be easily taken out from the positioning hole, and after the soft protective sleeve is taken out, the soft protective sleeve is also easily separated from the branch without damaging leaves and root systems, and can adapt to the diameter of the branch in a larger range.
By the method, the breeding period can be controlled to be about 20 days, the breeding state is shown as figure 4, figure 5 is a physical diagram of a rooting section of the cuttage branch in a primary rooting state, and figure 6 is a physical diagram of a grape seedling in a transplantable state.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. An efficient breeding technology of a Martin grape is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: manufacturing a breeding and planting bed, wherein the breeding and planting bed comprises a base (1), two side plates (2) and a top plate (3), an inclination angle between 65-85 degrees is formed between the two side plates (2) and a horizontal plane, a bottom plate and the two side plates (2) form a rooting box with a vertical section in an isosceles triangle shape, the top plate (3) is fixed at the top of the two side plates (2), a first water tank (11) and a second water tank (12) are arranged in the base (1), a spraying guide port (4) is formed between the side plates (2) and the top plate (3), a first spraying system for spraying liquid in the first water tank (11) into the rooting box after atomization treatment is arranged in the rooting box, a second spraying system for spraying liquid in the second water tank (12) into the outer wall surface of the side plates (2) from the spraying guide port (4) after atomization treatment is arranged in the rooting box, a plurality of positioning holes penetrating through the inner surface and the outer surface of the side plate (2) are formed in the side plate (2);
step two: selecting annual branches with mature tissues and high lignification degree, and cutting the annual branches into branch sections with the length of 8-12cm as cutting branches, wherein at least one leaf is required on the cutting branches; a branch section of about 1cm is reserved on the blade, and the section of one end, far away from the blade, of the cuttage branch is a bevel cut;
step three: soaking the parts below the leaves on the cuttage branches by using a rooting treatment solution;
step four: inserting the cuttage branches soaked by the rooting treatment solution into the positioning holes, fixing the cuttage branches on the side plates (2), and ensuring that leaves of the cuttage branches are positioned outside the side plates (2);
step five: the illumination of the side plate (2) is kept sufficient, moisture is supplied to branches in the side plate (2) and leaves outside the side plate (2) through the first spraying system and the second spraying system, the rooting box is controlled to be in a sealed state when the first spraying system and the second spraying system work, and the rooting box is controlled to be in a ventilated state when the first spraying system and the second spraying system are idle; observing the rooting condition of the branch section of the cuttage branch positioned in the side plate (2), and carrying out branch inner section re-cutting treatment on the branch with abnormal growth roots; removing the secondary lopping if the secondary lopping still can not root;
step six: and taking out the cuttage branches after the secondary root or the tertiary root growth, directly transplanting or transplanting in a fixed pot, and cuttage again for new cuttage branches at the idle positioning holes.
2. The efficient breeding technique of the Mascatin grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that the two ends of the rooting box are respectively provided with a triangular observation window, and a detachable ventilation door (5) is arranged at the observation window.
3. The efficient breeding technology of Vitis amurensis of claim 1, wherein the rooting solution is indolebutyric acid 300ppm and the soaking time is 2-3 hours.
4. The efficient breeding technology of the Vitis vinifera Ma as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein as a specific mode of said step four, the aperture of said positioning hole is larger than the diameter of the cuttage branch, after a soft protective sleeve is wrapped around the cuttage branch, the soft protective sleeve is squeezed into the positioning hole to fix the cuttage branch on the side plate (2); the length of the cutting branch segment positioned in the side plate (2) is not less than 3 cm.
5. A technique for efficient breeding of Vitis vinifera according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the side panels (2) are foam panels.
6. A high-efficiency breeding technique of Vitis amurensis according to claim 4, characterized in that the flexible protective sheath is a cylindrical foam block (6) with through holes (61), and the foam block (6) has a gap (62) on its circumference through the through holes (61).
7. The efficient breeding technology of the Mascatin grapes in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the first spraying system comprises a first water pump (71), a plurality of first water spraying branch pipes (72) and a first water spraying main pipe (73), the water inlet end of the first water pump (71) is communicated with the first water tank (11), each first water spraying branch pipe (72) is connected to the first water spraying main pipe (73) in parallel, the first water spraying main pipe (73) is connected with the water outlet end of the water pump, and the top of the first water spraying branch pipes (72) is provided with a first atomizing nozzle (74) positioned in the rooting tank; the second sprinkling system comprises a second water pump (81), a plurality of second water spraying branch pipes (82) and a second water spraying main pipe (83), the water inlet end of the second water pump (81) is communicated with the second water tank (12), each second water spraying branch pipe (82) is connected to the second water spraying main pipe (83) in parallel, the second water spraying main pipe (83) is connected with the water outlet end of the water pump, and the top of each second water spraying branch pipe (82) is provided with a second atomizing nozzle (84) located between the top plate (3) and the side plate (2).
8. The efficient breeding technology of the Ma Chi grape as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the base (1) is provided with a water-saving groove (13) under the side plate (2), the water-saving groove (13) is communicated with the second water tank (12); the rooting box is communicated with the first water tank (11).
9. The efficient breeding technology of the Vitis amurensis of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the second water tank (12) is added with rooting treatment liquid and/or sterilizing treatment liquid and/or nutrient solution.
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