CN113951094A - 利用酒糟种植有机蔬菜及生态养鱼的耦合系统及生产方法 - Google Patents
利用酒糟种植有机蔬菜及生态养鱼的耦合系统及生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用酒糟种植有机蔬菜及生态养鱼的耦合系统及生产方法,涉及作物种植及水产养殖技术领域,该系统包括以下步骤:S1:酒糟堆肥发酵。S2:酒糟饲料发酵及蝇蛆养殖。S3:有机蔬菜种植:利用所述S1中蔬菜栽培床进行第一季有机蔬菜种植,种植并收获后,对基质进行消毒杀菌处理,并进行多次轮流种植,形成酒糟发酵物栽培基质。S4:生态养鱼:利用所述S2中制作的鱼饲料对鱼进行饲养,并定期将养鱼场地的底部积水排放至蔬菜培养床上。采用本发明的技术方案能够合理利用不可食用的酒糟及其副产物进行发酵,并用于制作鱼饲料和植物栽培基质,同时植物和鱼生长过程中产生的有机物也能循环利用,反哺给植物和鱼,最大化实现资源循环利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及作物种植及水产养殖技术领域,尤其涉及一种利用酒糟种植有机蔬菜及生态养鱼的耦合系统及生产方法。
背景技术
酒糟是白酒生产的主要副产物,酒糟直接丢掉,不仅浪费资源,而且污染环境。目前国内外有关机构和技术人员对酒糟的综合利用做了较多的探索与研究,可以利用酒糟生产有机肥、制造活性炭、养殖蚯蚓及蝇蛆等,这些公开技术虽然具有各自的用途和特点,但由于酒厂地域分布广、数量多,市场需求也不一,还不能完全满足酒糟资源化利用的需求。酒糟不仅含有丰富的粗蛋白,同时还含有多种微量元素、维生素、酵母菌等,它是养殖动物的优质饲料。酒糟的成分里含有残留的酒精成分,使用其做肥料使用,同样也需要对酒糟进行再发酵处理,才适合蔬菜种植基质。酒糟发酵物不仅含有植物可利用养分及有益微生物,同时酒糟发酵物中还有大量繁殖的有益微生物分泌激素、多糖等代谢产物,能抑制重茬病、根结线虫病、枯萎病、青枯病和疫病等多种土壤传病害,减少各种病害发生蔓延。因此,利用酒糟发酵物基质种植有机蔬菜具有工厂化生产的实用价值及广阔的市场前景。
酒糟粗蛋白含量可达到20%左右,是非常好喂鱼的蛋白饲料,同时酒糟有着独特的酒香味,对鱼类有着强烈的诱食作用,常被钓鱼爱好者用作“打窝子”的首选诱饵,可以用到酒糟来作为喂鱼饲料使用,酒糟发酵物营养丰富,能降低养鱼日粮的蛋白质水平,以减少病鱼肝脏分泌消化液的负担,促进鱼类肝胆综合症和细菌性疾病的治愈,可谓一举多得。但是,酒糟中缺乏一些胡萝卜素、维生素D等营养元素,通过在日常养殖过程中投喂尾菜制作的青饲料、粗饲料,搭配酒糟喂鱼,还能起到均衡饲料营养、降低鱼类肝胆综合症发病率的作用,从而实现酒糟及尾菜的最大利用,既可减少肥料及饲料的消耗,又能增加收入,降低成本。因此,利用酒糟开展有机蔬菜种植与生态养鱼,是实现循环农业及生态农业的一条有效途径,能提高酒糟的综合利用率及经济价值,减少酒糟的环境污染。可见,利用酒糟发酵物制作的有机植生基质和有机生态型无土栽培具有一般无土栽培的特点,如提高作物的产量与品质、减少农药用量、产品洁净卫生、节水节肥省工、利用非可耕地生产蔬菜等。本发明以酒糟堆肥作为有机蔬菜种植基质,同时利用酒糟发酵物配制养鱼饲料,构建酒糟-有机植生基质-有机饲料-有机蔬菜-有机鲜鱼的耦合循环农业模式,通过酒糟堆肥种植大棚有机蔬菜,利用酒糟发酵物生态养鱼,使酒糟得到了综合利用,具有良好的生态效益和经济效益。
发明内容
本发明意在提供一种利用酒糟种植有机蔬菜及生态养鱼的耦合系统及生产方法,能够合理利用不可食用的酒糟及其副产物进行发酵,并用于制作鱼饲料和植物栽培基质,同时植物和鱼生长过程中产生的有机物也能循环利用,反哺给植物和鱼,最大化实现资源循环利用。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种利用酒糟种植有机蔬菜及生态养鱼的耦合系统及生产方法,其特征在于:该系统包括以下步骤:
S1:酒糟堆肥发酵:将酸度高、粘度大、难溶解的白酒丢糟和发酵菌剂混合,并依次在发酵仓和蔬菜栽培床中发酵,发酵完成后添加适量作物生产调节剂,构建有机蔬菜栽培基质。
S2:酒糟饲料发酵及蝇蛆养殖:将酒糟低温加热后与菌种混合,并送入发酵仓中发酵,发酵完成后部分发酵物采用饲料造粒机生产鱼饲料,另一部分与蝇蛆基质混合形成鱼饲料。
S3:有机蔬菜种植:利用所述S1中蔬菜栽培床进行第一季有机蔬菜种植,种植并收获后,对基质进行消毒杀菌处理,并进行多次轮流种植,形成酒糟发酵物栽培基质。
S4:生态养鱼:利用所述S2中制作的鱼饲料对鱼进行饲养,并定期将养鱼场地的底部积水排放至蔬菜培养床上。
优选地,所述S1中白酒丢糟和发酵菌剂混合后,需将混合物的含水率调至60%-65%,所述发酵仓采用中高温好氧发酵仓,且发酵过程中温度维持在60℃-70℃,发酵时间在48h之内,之后在蔬菜培养床上常温发酵5-7天。
优选地,所述S2中酒糟低温加热的温度控制在40℃-50℃之间,在发酵仓中的发酵温度控制在20℃-30℃之间,发酵时间2-5天。
优选地,所述S2中与蝇蛆基质混合形成鱼饲料的制作方法如下:
a:发酵完成后的发酵物取出部分后,对保留在发酵仓中的发酵物添加适量水,并将水分含量维持在60%左右;
b:蝇选取优质的蝇蛆种,按照2kg/m2种蝇的投放标准,均匀投放在蝇蛆养殖基质;
c:根据蝇蛆养殖基质干湿情况,每2~3天喷洒1~2次自来水,保持蝇蛆养殖基质的含水量,并定期投放蔬菜枝叶;
d:当蝇蛆养殖基质出现蝇蛆幼虫时,将a中的发酵物与蝇蛆幼虫混合,形成养鱼饲料。
优选地,所述S4中养鱼场地包括箱体,所述箱体内设有多个倒U型的支撑架,所述支撑架的两侧与箱体内侧壁固定连接,所述蔬菜培养床插接在支撑架的顶部,所述箱体底部连通有水泵,所述水泵的另一端连通有出水管,所述出水管的自由端置于蔬菜培养床上侧边缘。
本技术方案的原理及有益效果:
本发明的蔬菜栽培床生产有机蔬菜的方法是根据不同蔬菜品种的需肥特点,配制不同酒糟发酵物及调理剂比例的植生基质,满足蔬菜生长过程中对养分及水分的需求;而底部部分基质可以根据需求摇床式输入养鱼系统,作为鱼饲料,而且,养鱼过程中鱼的排泄物、饲料残渣物等可以作为蔬菜的肥料,而养鱼排水可以输入蔬菜栽培床上,满足蔬菜生长对水分的需求。此外,通过对多季栽培后的基质进行消毒杀菌处理,实现蔬菜栽培基质灭菌及基质再生。
同时,通过蔬菜栽培床蔬菜生长过程中的养分吸收及基质过滤作用,实现养鱼排水净化及中水的循环利用,形成有机蔬菜和鲜鱼一体化生产的循环农业及生态农业模式。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的养鱼场地的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明:
说明书附图中的附图标记包括:蔬菜栽培床1、支撑架2、箱体3、出水管4、水泵5。
如图1所示的,一种利用酒糟种植有机蔬菜及生态养鱼的耦合系统及生产方法,该系统包括以下步骤:
S1:酒糟堆肥发酵:将酸度高、粘度大、难溶解的白酒丢糟和发酵菌剂混合,并依次在发酵仓和蔬菜栽培床中发酵,发酵完成后添加适量作物生产调节剂,构建有机蔬菜栽培基质。
将酸度高、粘度大、难降解的白酒丢糟和发酵菌剂混合,调节混合物的含水率至60%-65%,利用螺旋输送机将混合物加入到中高温好氧发酵仓中,发酵过程温度维持到60℃-70℃后,利用嗜中高温菌群加速有机碳的分解、减少氮素损失,减少发酵过程中氨气的挥发,中高温发酵时间控制在48小时之内;中高温好氧发酵完成后,通过螺旋输送机将发酵物料输送到蔬菜栽培床上进行二次发酵,发酵5-7天后,添加适量作物生长调节剂,构建有机蔬菜栽培基质,开始种植蔬菜。
S2:酒糟饲料发酵及蝇蛆养殖:将酒糟低温加热后与菌种混合,并送入发酵仓中发酵,发酵完成后部分发酵物采用饲料造粒机生产鱼饲料,另一部分与蝇蛆基质混合形成鱼饲料。
将酒糟通过低温加热(40℃-50℃)解除酒糟中酒分子,将处理后酒糟和菌种混合均匀后,通过螺旋输送机将物料输送到发酵仓,保持温度在20℃-30℃,发酵3-5天后,取出部分发酵物,添加适量饲料调节剂,利用饲料造粒机生产鱼饲料;
对于部分保留在发酵仓的发酵物添加适量水分,水分含量维持在60%左右,选取优质的蝇蛆种,按照2kg/m2种蝇的投放标准,均匀投放在蝇蛆养殖基质上,根据蝇蛆养殖基质干湿情况,每2~3天喷洒1~2次自来水,保持蝇蛆养殖基质的含水量,定期投放蔬菜枝叶,当蝇蛆基质出现蝇蛆幼虫时,酒糟蝇蛆幼虫混合物,作为养鱼饲料,使用蝇蛆幼虫混合物和尾菜来代替鱼粉的动物性蛋白,可以显著使鱼增肥,并且还具有较好的淡水鱼饲料适口性。
S3:有机蔬菜种植:利用所述S1中蔬菜栽培床进行第一季有机蔬菜种植,种植并收获后,对基质进行消毒杀菌处理,并进行多次轮流种植,形成酒糟发酵物栽培基质。
蔬菜栽培床形成后,开始第一季有机蔬菜种植,蔬菜种植过程和蔬菜收获后产生的废弃物作为养鱼青饲料;种植蔬菜后基质进行消毒杀菌处理,进行多次种植与轮流种植,酒糟发酵物栽培基质不用土壤,可以避免土壤连作障碍,基质重复利用时,因基质量少、质地轻,可有效实施蔬菜轮作,同时,养鱼过程中鱼的排泄物、饲料残渣物等可以作为蔬菜的肥料,不需要投入化肥、农药的使用,酒糟发酵物有机栽培基质中没有无机物和化学肥料,通过实施有机栽培管理,可生产有机蔬菜产品。
S4:生态养鱼:利用所述S2中制作的鱼饲料对鱼进行饲养,并定期将养鱼场地的底部积水排放至蔬菜培养床上。
如图1所示,养鱼场地包括箱体3,箱体3内设有多个倒U型的支撑架2,支撑架2的两侧与箱体3内侧壁固定连接,蔬菜培养床1插接在支撑架2的顶部,箱体底部连通有水泵5,水泵5的另一端连通有出水管4,出水管4的自由端置于蔬菜培养床1上侧边缘。
水泵将箱体底部积水定期抽取并输入蔬菜栽培床上,保证蔬菜生长对水分的需求,同时,通过蔬菜栽培床蔬菜生长过程中的养分吸收及基质过滤作用,实现养鱼排水净化及中水的循环利用,保证鱼类正常的生长,提高养鱼过程的生态性和安全性。
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施例,方案中公知的具体技术方案和/或特性等常识在此未作过多描述。应当指出,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术方案的前提下,还可以作出若干变形和改进,这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围,这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用性。本申请要求的保护范围应当以其权利要求的内容为准,说明书中的具体实施方式等记载可以用于解释权利要求的内容。
Claims (5)
1.一种利用酒糟种植有机蔬菜及生态养鱼的耦合系统及生产方法,其特征在于:该系统包括以下步骤:
S1:酒糟堆肥发酵:将酸度高、粘度大、难溶解的白酒丢糟和发酵菌剂混合,并依次在发酵仓和蔬菜栽培床中发酵,发酵完成后添加适量作物生产调节剂,构建有机蔬菜栽培基质;
S2:酒糟饲料发酵及蝇蛆养殖:将酒糟低温加热后与菌种混合,并送入发酵仓中发酵,发酵完成后部分发酵物采用饲料造粒机生产鱼饲料,另一部分与蝇蛆基质混合形成鱼饲料;
S3:有机蔬菜种植:利用所述S1中蔬菜栽培床进行第一季有机蔬菜种植,种植并收获后,对基质进行消毒杀菌处理,并进行多次轮流种植,形成酒糟发酵物栽培基质;
S4:生态养鱼:利用所述S2中制作的鱼饲料对鱼进行饲养,并定期将养鱼场地的底部积水排放至蔬菜培养床上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的利用酒糟种植有机蔬菜及生态养鱼的耦合系统及生产方法,其特征在于:所述S1中白酒丢糟和发酵菌剂混合后,需将混合物的含水率调至60%-65%,所述发酵仓采用中高温好氧发酵仓,且发酵过程中温度维持在60℃-70℃,发酵时间在48h之内,之后在蔬菜培养床上常温发酵5-7天。
3.根据权利要求1所述的利用酒糟种植有机蔬菜及生态养鱼的耦合系统及生产方法,其特征在于:所述S2中酒糟低温加热的温度控制在40℃-50℃之间,在发酵仓中的发酵温度控制在20℃-30℃之间,发酵时间2-5天。
4.根据权利要求1所述的利用酒糟种植有机蔬菜及生态养鱼的耦合系统及生产方法,其特征在于:所述S2中与蝇蛆基质混合形成鱼饲料的制作方法如下:
a:发酵完成后的发酵物取出部分后,对保留在发酵仓中的发酵物添加适量水,并将水分含量维持在60%左右;
b:蝇选取优质的蝇蛆种,按照2kg/m2种蝇的投放标准,均匀投放在蝇蛆养殖基质;
c:根据蝇蛆养殖基质干湿情况,每2~3天喷洒1~2次自来水,保持蝇蛆养殖基质的含水量,并定期投放蔬菜枝叶;
d:当蝇蛆养殖基质出现蝇蛆幼虫时,将a中的发酵物与蝇蛆幼虫混合,形成养鱼饲料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的利用酒糟种植有机蔬菜及生态养鱼的耦合系统及生产方法,其特征在于:所述S4中养鱼场地包括箱体,所述箱体内设有多个倒U型的支撑架,所述支撑架的两侧与箱体内侧壁固定连接,所述蔬菜培养床插接在支撑架的顶部,所述箱体底部连通有水泵,所述水泵的另一端连通有出水管,所述出水管的自由端置于蔬菜培养床上侧边缘。
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