CN113944465A - Twice-slot-drawing high-layering stoping mining method - Google Patents
Twice-slot-drawing high-layering stoping mining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113944465A CN113944465A CN202111070256.6A CN202111070256A CN113944465A CN 113944465 A CN113944465 A CN 113944465A CN 202111070256 A CN202111070256 A CN 202111070256A CN 113944465 A CN113944465 A CN 113944465A
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- slot
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- drawing area
- blasting
- pulling
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention discloses a twice-slot-drawing high-layering stoping mining method which comprises the steps of drawing a slot at the bottom, constructing a raise, cutting and mining ore bodies, carrying out first-time raising on a slot-drawing area, carrying out second-time raising on the slot-drawing area, carrying out side caving and filling on a bottom-drawing roadway and the like. The application has the advantages of high recovery efficiency, small exposed area of the working face, safe operation and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mining, in particular to a slot-pulling high-layering stoping mining method.
Background
The upward layered filling mining method is one of the commonly used methods for mining, is generally suitable for ore bodies with stable ores and unstable surrounding rocks and more than inclination (the inclination angle is larger than the natural angle of repose), adopts layered stoping from bottom to top, firstly extracts ores per layer, then fills filling materials to support two sides of a goaf and serve as a working platform, wherein, the stoping method mainly adopts a mode of 'one-time slot drawing and side caving' simultaneously, and specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, tunneling an ore channel to the end part of the ore body or the position of a control line along the length direction of the ore body to form a bottom-pulling roadway; constructing a raise to the middle section of the upper part of the ore body upwards in the bottom-pulling roadway; and then constructing horizontal blast holes on two sides of the bottom-pulling roadway to the boundary of an ore body or a waste rock surface, constructing upward blast holes to the designed height or constructing horizontal blast holes to press the top of the bottom-pulling roadway, after drilling is completed, charging the horizontal blast holes and the mountain-direction drill holes and performing primary blasting, finally transporting out ores in a mining field, and filling after ore removal is completed.
Although the method is simple, because the two sides and the top plate of the pull-bottom roadway are blasted simultaneously, the compensation space after blasting is smaller, and the height of one-time mining is limited; and the stope is exposed widely, and the loose stone treatment and the supporting work are more. For the recovery of one ore section, the recovery height is small, the recovery process is relatively more in circulation, the cost is increased, the safe processing time is short, and the risk is correspondingly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, and provides a twice-slot-drawing high-layering stoping mining method, which overcomes the defects that the compensation space is small after two sides and a top plate of a bottom-drawing roadway are simultaneously exploded, and the height of one-time stoping is limited in the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical method:
a twice slot-drawing high-layering stoping mining method comprises the following steps:
and (3) pulling a bottom and a groove: tunneling an ore channel to the end part of the ore body or a control line position along the trend of the ore body to form a bottom-pulling roadway, and setting a section of the bottom-pulling roadway with a certain length from the end part of the bottom-pulling roadway as a slot-pulling area;
constructing a raise: constructing a courtyard upwards on a top plate of the slot drawing area;
cutting and mining ore bodies: constructing a plurality of first horizontal blast holes on two sides of the slot drawing area to the ore body boundary or the waste rock surface, charging the first horizontal blast holes, and then blasting;
the first time of the trompil district is chosen high: constructing a plurality of first upward blast holes on the top plate of the slot drawing area to a first design height, charging the plurality of first upward blast holes, then blasting, and transporting out ores after blasting;
and (3) carrying out secondary high in the groove drawing area: constructing a plurality of first upward blast holes to a second design height on the top plate of the slot drawing area again, charging the plurality of first upward blast holes, then blasting, and transporting out ores after blasting;
and (3) side caving of the bottom roadway: segmenting the bottom-pulling roadway, constructing a plurality of second horizontal blast holes to the ore body boundary or the waste rock surface on two sides of one section of the bottom-pulling roadway close to the slot-pulling area, charging the second horizontal blast holes and the second upward blast holes, carrying out lateral ore caving blasting towards the slot-pulling area, carrying out ore transportation after blasting, carrying out lateral ore caving blasting of the next bottom-pulling roadway section, and transporting out the ore after blasting;
filling: and filling filler after completing the lateral ore caving blasting of the bottom drawing roadway.
Compared with the prior art, the invention arranges the slot area at the end part of the bottom pulling roadway, performs primary blasting in the horizontal direction of the slot area, and then performs secondary blasting in the upward direction to enlarge the compensation space of a stope, increase the stope height during stope, improve the efficiency of one stope, and reduce the cycle times of stope operation, thereby effectively reducing the stope cost and correspondingly reducing various operation branch lines; meanwhile, personnel can work in the pull-bottom roadway with relatively small space, and the pull-bottom roadway is safer.
Further, when the slot drawing area is raised for the first time, the first design height is a position which is less than or equal to 6m away from the bottom plate of the slot drawing area.
Further, when the slot drawing area is raised for the second time, the first design height is the distance from the bottom plate of the slot drawing area to 11-13 m.
Furthermore, when the slot drawing area is firstly raised and the slot drawing area is secondly raised, a plurality of first upward blast holes are constructed to be perpendicular to the top plate of the slot drawing area, so that a better blasting effect is realized.
Further, when the first-time lifting of the slot drawing area and the second-time lifting of the slot drawing area are carried out, a plurality of first upward blast holes are circularly distributed around the courtyard, three upward blast hole rings are respectively formed from inside to outside, and the first upward blast hole ring, the second upward blast hole ring and the third upward blast hole ring are sequentially arranged; and after the first upward blast hole is charged, blasting the first upward blast hole ring, the second upward blast hole ring and the third upward blast hole ring in sequence.
Further, the distance from the first upward shot hole ring to the circumferential side wall of the patio is 0.4m, the distance from the second upward shot hole ring to the circumferential side wall of the patio is 1.0m, and the distance from the third upward shot hole ring to the circumferential side wall of the patio is 1.8 m.
Further, when the slot drawing area is raised for the first time and the slot drawing area is raised for the second time, the hole distance of the upward blast holes on the same upward blast hole ring is 0.6-1 m so as to meet the requirement of the minimum resistance line during blasting.
Further, when the bottom-pulling roadway is laterally collapsed, the second upward blast holes are medium-length holes distributed in a fan shape.
Further, when the ore body is cut and mined, the pitch of the first horizontal blast holes is 1.2-1.4 m; when the bottom-pulling roadway side caving is carried out, the hole distance of the second horizontal blast hole is 1.2-1.4 m so as to meet the requirement of the minimum resistant line during blasting.
Further, the length of the slot drawing area is 8-10 m, and if the length of the slot drawing area is less than 8m, the ore clamping force is large, so that blasting is not facilitated to achieve the effect required by design; if it exceeds 10m, the exposed area is increased, which is disadvantageous for safety.
For a better understanding and practice, the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a stope to which the present invention is applied for a two-pass trough-pulling high-stratified stoping method;
FIG. 2 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the slot-drawing area at the end of the port of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a chest area at the end of a draw roadway as the invention is being cut to mine an ore body;
FIG. 4 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the broaching zone located at the end of the broaching lane when the first raising of the broaching zone is performed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the broaching zone located at the end of the broaching bottom lane when the broaching zone is raised for the second time in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the bottom-pulling roadway near the channeling area during the side-collapsing of the bottom-pulling roadway according to the present invention;
as shown in the figure mark: a-stope, 1-ore body, 10-bottom-drawing roadway, 20-groove-drawing area, 30-raise, 40-groove-drawing area bottom plate, 50-groove-drawing area top plate, 110-first horizontal blast hole, 120-first upward blast hole, 130-second horizontal blast hole and 140-second upward blast hole.
Detailed Description
The invention expands the compensation space of the stope by raising the slot-drawing area in a mode of carrying out one-time horizontal blasting and two-time upward blasting in the slot-drawing area arranged at the end part of the stope, and increases the stope height during stope. The two-time slot-drawing high-layering stoping mining method is described below for a thin (2-10 m) ore body inclined above.
And (3) pulling a bottom and a groove: referring to fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1 is a top view of a stope to which the double-slot-drawing high-stratified stoping method of the present invention is applied, and fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view of a slot-drawing area at an end of a draw-bottom roadway of the present invention. As can be seen, before mining, a control line is arranged on the ore body along the trend of the ore body, and the range of the stope A is marked out. And (3) tunneling an ore channel to the end part of the ore body 1 or the position of a control line along the trend of the ore body 1 in the stope A to form a bottom-drawing roadway 10, and setting a section of the bottom-drawing roadway 10 which is 8m long from the end part of the bottom-drawing roadway 10 as a slot-drawing area 20.
Constructing a raise: a raise 30 is constructed upwards to the middle section of the upper part at the middle position of a top plate 40 of the slot drawing area, and is used as a ventilating duct and a cutting slot to provide a free surface for blasting;
cutting and mining ore bodies: referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the slot-drawing area at the end of the draw-bottom roadway when the ore body is cut and mined according to the present invention. After the construction of the patio 30 is completed, a plurality of first horizontal blast holes 110 are constructed on two sides of the slot-drawing area 20 to the boundary of the ore body 1 or the waste rock surface, wherein the first horizontal blast holes 110 are distributed in a rectangular shape, the hole pitch is 1.3m, then the first horizontal blast holes 110 are charged, and then horizontal blasting is carried out.
The first time of the trompil district is chosen high: referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the slot-drawing area at the end of the bottom-drawing lane when the slot-drawing area is raised for the first time according to the present invention. After the horizontal blasting is finished, constructing a plurality of positions, which are perpendicular to the first upward blast holes 120 of the top plate 50 of the slot-drawing area and have the vertical height of 6m from the bottom plate 40 of the slot-drawing area, on the top plate 50 of the slot-drawing area; the plurality of first upward blast holes 120 are circularly distributed around the patio 30, and form three upward blast hole rings from inside to outside, namely a first upward blast hole ring, a second upward blast hole ring and a third upward blast hole ring in sequence, wherein the distance from the first upward blast hole ring to the circumferential side wall of the patio 30 is 0.4m, the distance from the second upward blast hole ring to the circumferential side wall of the patio 30 is 1.0m, the distance from the third upward blast hole ring to the circumferential side wall of the patio 30 is 1.8m, and the hole distance of the upward blast holes on the same upward blast hole ring is 0.8 m; and charging all the first upward blast holes 120, vertically blasting the first upward blast hole ring, the second upward blast hole ring and the third upward blast hole ring in sequence, and transporting out the ore after blasting.
And (3) carrying out secondary high in the groove drawing area: referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the slot-drawing area at the end of the bottom-drawing roadway when the slot-drawing area is raised for the second time according to the present invention. After the ore is transported out, a plurality of first upward blast holes 120 perpendicular to the top plate 50 of the slot-drawing area are constructed again on the top plate 50 of the slot-drawing area to the position 12m away from the bottom plate 40 of the slot-drawing area, and the distribution mode of the first upward blast holes 120, the distance between the blast holes and the blasting sequence are the same as those of the previous vertical blasting, so that the repeated description is omitted, and the ore is transported out after the blasting.
And (3) side caving of the bottom roadway: referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the bottom-drawing lane near the slot-drawing area during the bottom-drawing lane side-collapsing process of the present invention. After ore is transported out, the bottom pulling roadway is divided into a plurality of sections according to the length of 20m, after the ore is transported out, a plurality of second horizontal blast holes 130 are constructed on two sides of one section of the bottom pulling roadway close to the slot pulling area 20 to the boundary of the ore body 1 or the waste rock surface, wherein the second horizontal blast holes 130 are distributed in a rectangular shape, and the hole pitch is 1.3 m; and constructing a plurality of second upward blast holes 140 distributed in a sector shape on the top plate of the bottom-drawing roadway, charging the second horizontal blast holes 130 and the second upward blast holes 140, then carrying out lateral ore-caving blasting towards the direction of the slot-drawing area 20, carrying out ore-caving blasting after blasting, and then carrying out lateral ore-caving blasting of the next bottom-drawing roadway.
Specifically, the lateral ore caving blasting towards the slot-drawing area 20 is to make the detonator section close to the slot-drawing area sound first and the rest sound later, so that the ore is caved towards the slot-drawing area 20.
Filling: and filling the filler after the lateral ore caving blasting of the sublevel drawing roadway 10 is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the end part of the bottom-pulling roadway is provided with the slot-pulling area, the horizontal blasting is carried out in the slot-pulling area for one time, and then the upward blasting is carried out for two times, so that the compensation space of a stope is enlarged, the one-time stoping height of the stope is increased, the operation cycle times are reduced, the operation risk is correspondingly reduced, and the anchor rods and anchor nets for safe support are saved; meanwhile, personnel work in the pull-bottom roadway with relatively small space, the exposed area of the working surface is small, the operation is safe, anchor net support does not need to be carried out on the top plate, and the cost is low. For the stope needing to dig a plurality of subsection drifts, the number of the subsection drifts in one middle section can be reduced and the amount of mining-preparation engineering is greatly reduced due to the fact that the height of the subsection drifts is increased.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications and variations of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the claims and the equivalent technology of the present invention if they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A twice slot-drawing high-layering stoping mining method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
and (3) pulling a bottom and a groove: tunneling an ore channel to the end part of the ore body or a control line position along the trend of the ore body to form a bottom-pulling roadway, and setting a section of the bottom-pulling roadway with a certain length from the end part of the bottom-pulling roadway as a slot-pulling area;
constructing a raise: constructing a courtyard upwards on a top plate of the slot drawing area;
cutting and mining ore bodies: constructing a plurality of first horizontal blast holes on two sides of the slot drawing area to the ore body boundary or the waste rock surface, charging the first horizontal blast holes, and then blasting;
the first time of the trompil district is chosen high: constructing a plurality of first upward blast holes on the top plate of the slot drawing area to a first design height, charging the plurality of first upward blast holes, then blasting, and transporting out ores after blasting;
and (3) carrying out secondary high in the groove drawing area: constructing a plurality of first upward blast holes to a second design height on the top plate of the slot drawing area again, charging the plurality of first upward blast holes, then blasting, and transporting out ores after blasting;
and (3) side caving of the bottom roadway: segmenting the bottom-pulling roadway, constructing a plurality of second horizontal blast holes to the ore body boundary or the waste rock surface on two sides of one section of the bottom-pulling roadway close to the slot-pulling area, charging the second horizontal blast holes and the second upward blast holes, carrying out lateral ore caving blasting towards the slot-pulling area, carrying out ore transportation after blasting, carrying out lateral ore caving blasting of the next bottom-pulling roadway section, and transporting out the ore after blasting;
filling: and filling filler after completing the lateral ore caving blasting of the bottom drawing roadway.
2. The double-slot high-stratified stoping method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
when the groove drawing area is raised for the first time, the first design height is the distance, and the distance is less than or equal to 6m from the bottom plate of the groove drawing area.
3. The double-slot high-stratified stoping method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
when the groove drawing area is raised for the second time, the first design height is the distance from the bottom plate of the groove drawing area to 11-13 m.
4. The double-slot high-stratified stoping method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
when the groove drawing area is firstly raised and the groove drawing area is secondly raised, a plurality of first upward blast holes perpendicular to the top plate of the groove drawing area are constructed.
5. The double-slot high-stratified stoping method according to claim 4, characterized in that:
when the slot drawing area is raised for the first time and the slot drawing area is raised for the second time, a plurality of first upward blast holes are circularly distributed around the courtyard, three upward blast hole rings are respectively formed from inside to outside, and the first upward blast hole ring, the second upward blast hole ring and the third upward blast hole ring are sequentially arranged; and after the first upward blast hole is charged, blasting the first upward blast hole ring, the second upward blast hole ring and the third upward blast hole ring in sequence.
6. The double-slot high-stratified stoping method according to claim 5, characterized in that:
the distance from the first upward shot hole ring to the circumferential side wall of the patio is 0.4m, the distance from the second upward shot hole ring to the circumferential side wall of the patio is 1.0m, and the distance from the third upward shot hole ring to the circumferential side wall of the patio is 1.8 m.
7. The double-slot high-stratified stoping method according to claim 4, characterized in that:
when the first time of raising in the slot drawing area and the second time of raising in the slot drawing area are carried out, the same upward hole of the blast hole ring is 0.6-1 m away from the hole of the upward blast hole.
8. The double-slot high-stratified stoping method as claimed in claim 4, wherein:
and when the bottom-pulling roadway is laterally collapsed, the second upward blast holes are medium-length holes distributed in a fan shape.
9. The double-slot high-stratified stoping method as claimed in claim 4, wherein:
when the ore body is cut and mined, the pitch of the first horizontal blast holes is 1.2-1.4 m; and when the bottom-pulling roadway is laterally collapsed, the hole pitch of the second horizontal blast hole is 1.2-1.4 m.
10. The double-slot high-stratified stoping method as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the length of the groove drawing area is 8-10 m.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111070256.6A CN113944465B (en) | 2021-09-13 | 2021-09-13 | Two-time slot pulling high-layering stoping mining method |
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| CN202111070256.6A CN113944465B (en) | 2021-09-13 | 2021-09-13 | Two-time slot pulling high-layering stoping mining method |
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| CN113944465B CN113944465B (en) | 2024-02-23 |
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