CN113940167B

CN113940167B - Muskmelon germination accelerating method

Info

Publication number: CN113940167B
Application number: CN202111185457.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 于翠香; 赵福顺; 张海燕; 安仕博
Original assignee: Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2021-10-12
Filing date: 2021-10-12
Publication date: 2022-07-12
Anticipated expiration: 2041-10-12
Also published as: CN113940167A

Abstract

The invention provides a melon germination accelerating method, and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation. The germination accelerating method comprises the following steps: soaking melon seeds in warm water, fishing out, wrapping the seeds with a wet towel, and putting the seeds in a heat preservation box for accelerating germination, wherein the initial temperature of the accelerating germination is 80-90 ℃, then the temperature is gradually reduced, and the temperature is reduced to the room temperature for 5-6 hours, so that the accelerating germination is completed. According to the invention, the seeds are soaked in warm water to eliminate the surface germs of the seeds, so that the seeds absorb water and swell, the seeds are further forced to germinate through the heat preservation box, and the seeds are swelled and shrunk through the change of high and low temperatures, so that the water absorption and gas exchange are facilitated, the respiration rate is improved, and the seeds are easy to germinate and break through the seeds; in addition, the water retention capacity of the embryo protoplasm of the germinating seeds is enhanced. The germination accelerating method of the invention obviously improves the germination rate, the germination vigor and the germination speed of the melon seeds.

Description

Muskmelon germination accelerating method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a melon germination accelerating method.

Background

The germination vigor and the germination rate of the melon seeds play an important role in improving the yield of the melons, and the pregermination is an effective and direct means for improving the germination rate and the germination vigor of the melon seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate germination of seeds of melon before sowing.

Different vegetables have different germination accelerating methods, such as a hanging well method, a cold storage method, a sand mixing method and the like, and the method is also various and has different effects when accelerating germination of melon seeds. For example, the method records that warm water seed soaking and summer sunlight irradiation warm water seed soaking are utilized to accelerate germination of the melons in the recorded 'summer germination accelerating test of different varieties of cucumbers', the germination rate of the melons is obviously improved, and the germination rates of the seeds of several varieties of melons 7-8 days after the warm water seed soaking and the sunlight germination accelerating reach 80-90%; CN105075449A (published as 2015.11.25) discloses a treatment method for accelerating germination of melon seeds with high germination rate, wherein the germination rate reaches more than 85% after 3 days by microwave drying and Chinese medicinal liquid soaking; CN104025745A (published as 2017.09.10) discloses a beet seed germination accelerating method, which improves the germination rate of melon seeds and field resistance and fruit quality of melon seeds by seed soaking with a seed soaking agent, seed soaking with a microwave nutrient solution, and temperature-changing storage with a refrigerator.

However, under actual production conditions, the general equipment in melon farmers is crude and short in raw material. Accelerating germination by using methods such as microwave drying and the like, and expensive instruments and equipment are needed; the melon seeds are soaked by the traditional Chinese medicine liquid, exogenous plant hormones and the like, large-area popularization is difficult, and the investment cost is high. Based on the conditions of melon farmers, the conventional warm water seed soaking can not meet the conditions required by seeds during germination, so that the bud vigor and the bud rate of the seeds are reduced, and the yield and the benefit are seriously influenced. How to provide a method which is suitable for being applied to common melon growers, can obviously improve the germination rate of melons without expensive instruments, exogenous hormones and the like, and is a problem to be solved urgently at present.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a melon germination accelerating method, which is simple and convenient to operate, wide in source of required equipment and low in cost, and can realize mass germination of melon seeds 1-2 days after germination accelerating, wherein the germination vigor reaches more than 80%, so that the melon germination accelerating method is very suitable for melon farmers to operate, popularize and apply.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a muskmelon germination accelerating method comprises the following steps: soaking melon seeds in warm water, fishing out, wrapping the seeds with a wet towel, and putting the seeds in a heat preservation box for accelerating germination, wherein the initial temperature of the accelerating germination is 80-90 ℃, then the temperature is gradually reduced, and the temperature is reduced to the room temperature for 5-6 hours, so that the accelerating germination is completed.

Preferably, the warm water seed soaking method comprises the steps of soaking the melon seeds for 15-20min at the temperature of 55-60 ℃, and continuing soaking for 7-8h after the water temperature is reduced to the room temperature.

More preferably, after the seeds are soaked in the warm water, the muskmelon seeds are repeatedly rubbed and washed, and then fished out to drain water.

Preferably, the wet towel is wrapped in 3-4 layers.

Preferably, the heat insulation box is a closed foam box; and a closed container filled with boiled water is arranged in the heat preservation box and is used as a germination accelerating heat source.

More preferably, a thermometer is arranged in the incubator and used for monitoring the temperature in the incubator.

More preferably, the container is a thermos.

More preferably, the moist seed-wrapped towels are placed between the germinating heat sources within the foam box.

More preferably, the coated seeds are spaced 4-6cm from the germination accelerating heat source.

Preferably, after the germination acceleration of the heat preservation box is finished, the seeds are washed by warm water and germinate at normal temperature.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention provides a melon germination accelerating method which comprises the steps of seed soaking in warm water and high-low temperature change of an insulation can, and accelerating germination of melon seeds.

Through warm water seed soaking, the germs on the surface of the seeds can be killed at high temperature, and the seeds can fully absorb moisture through long-time soaking, so that the germination is facilitated. The seed coats are swelled and shrunk through germination acceleration in the heat preservation box and high-temperature and low-temperature change, so that water absorption and gas exchange are facilitated, the respiration rate is improved, and the seed germination is facilitated to break through the seed coats; in addition, the alternate change of high temperature and low temperature can promote the water holding capacity of the embryo protoplasm of the germinated seeds to be enhanced, so that the seeds germinate robustly, the growth and development are accelerated, and the cold resistance of the melon seeds can be improved. The heat preservation box, the germination accelerating heat source and other manufacturing equipment and the thermometer have wide sources and extremely low cost, and are suitable for operation and application of common melon farmers.

By utilizing the germination accelerating method, the germination speed, the germination vigor and the germination rate of the melon seeds can be obviously improved. After accelerating germination, the melon seeds can germinate in large quantity within 1-2 days, the germination vigor is more than 80%, the germination rate reaches 88-100%, and the embryos grow quickly, germinate robustly and have high uniformity.

Drawings

FIG. 1: the invention relates to a structure diagram of a germination accelerating incubator;

in the figure: 1, an incubator, 2, a thermos bottle, 3, a thermometer, 4 moist towels and 5 muskmelon seeds;

FIG. 2: the gemmules and muskmelons No. 1 have long buds in the early stage (left) and the later stage (right) of germination;

FIG. 3: ji melon No. 6 has long sprout in the early stage (left) and the later stage (right).

Detailed Description

The invention provides a melon germination accelerating method, which comprises the following steps: soaking melon seeds in warm water, fishing out, wrapping the seeds with a wet towel, and putting the seeds in a heat preservation box for accelerating germination, wherein the initial temperature of the accelerating germination is 80-90 ℃, then the temperature is gradually reduced, and the temperature is reduced to the room temperature for 5-6 hours, so that the accelerating germination is completed.

The invention preferably selects the muskmelon seeds as the current year seeds. The invention has no special requirements on the melon variety and is suitable for the current market melon variety. As an embodiment, the melon varieties of the present invention are No. 1, No. 5 and No. 6 in the "Ji melon series".

Through warm water seed soaking in earlier stage, the germ on seed surface can be killed to high temperature to through soaking for a long time, can make the seed fully absorb moisture, be favorable to sprouting. When warm water seed soaking is preferred in the invention, the seed soaking temperature is 55-60 ℃, and further preferred is 58 ℃; soaking seeds in warm water for 15-20min preferably, and further preferably for 18 min; more preferably, the volume ratio of the seeds to the water is 1:7-8 when the seeds are soaked in warm water. As an embodiment, the invention maintains the water temperature by continuing to add hot water to the warm water. And after soaking seeds in warm water for 15-20min, naturally cooling, and after cooling the water to room temperature, continuing to soak for 7-8h, and preferably continuing to soak for 7.5 h.

According to the invention, after warm water seed soaking is preferably selected, repeated scrubbing is carried out on melon seeds, and the melon seeds are fished out and drained. As an implementation mode, the melon seeds soaked in the method are repeatedly rubbed by hands, then fished out of water, poured into cotton cloth, drained, and then tightly bound by rubber bands or binding ropes for later use.

According to the invention, melon seeds soaked in warm water are put in a heat preservation box for germination acceleration, the initial temperature of the germination acceleration is 80-90 ℃, the initial temperature is preferably 82-88 ℃, the initial temperature is preferably 85 ℃, then the temperature is gradually reduced, and the temperature is reduced to the room temperature for 5-6h, so that the germination acceleration is completed. By utilizing the germination accelerating method, the seeds are expanded and contracted in the heat preservation box through the change from high temperature to low temperature, so that the water absorption and gas exchange are facilitated, the respiration rate is improved, and the seeds are easy to germinate and break through the seed coats; in addition, the alternative change of high and low temperature can promote the water holding capacity of the embryo protoplasm of the germinating seeds to be enhanced, so that the seeds germinate robustly, the growth and development are accelerated, and the cold resistance is enhanced.

The preferred insulation can of the invention is a closed foam can; and a closed container filled with boiled water is used as a germination accelerating heat source in the heat preservation box. It is further preferable that a thermometer is provided in the incubator to monitor the temperature in the incubator. Further preferably, the closed container filled with boiled water is a thermos bottle, which can continuously dissipate heat, as shown in fig. 1. More preferably, the thermos bottle is wrapped by a towel or cotton cloth, so that the thermos bottle can uniformly and continuously dissipate heat, and meanwhile, seeds are prevented from being scalded. In the invention, the specification of the foam box is preferably 20-25cm × 20-25cm × 20-25cm, and the specification of the foam box is more preferably 25cm × 25cm × 25 cm. The capacity of the thermos bottle is preferably 400-600ml, and the capacity is further preferably 500 ml. As an implementation mode, the thermos bottle is a mineral water bottle which is widely available and low in cost. Further preferably, 2-3 thermos bottles are placed per foam box, more preferably 2 thermos bottles.

As an implementable mode, the method for manufacturing the incubator of the present invention includes the steps of:

(1) preparing a tool: 20-25cm small foam box, 500ml mineral water bottle, thermometer, clean cotton cloth and towel.

(2) A small hole capable of being inserted with a thermometer is formed in the corner of the upper cover of the small foam box, the thermometer is inserted into the small hole, the temperature sensing bulb is located in the inner space of the foam box, and the temperature in the foam box is monitored through a ruler.

(3) Pouring boiled water into a mineral water bottle, wrapping the mineral water bottle with cotton cloth or a towel, placing the mineral water bottle in a small foam box to serve as a germination accelerating heat source, and manufacturing the melon germination accelerating heat preservation box.

According to the invention, before germination accelerating, a clean towel wet with clear water is prepared, and seeds drained after warm water seed soaking are wrapped. It is further preferred that the wet towel wraps 3-4 layers of seeds to provide a wet environment for the seeds. When the heat preservation box is optimized to accelerate germination, the wet towel wrapping the seeds is placed between the germination accelerating heat sources in the foam box, the spacing between the wrapped seeds and the germination accelerating heat sources is further optimized to be 4-6cm, and the spacing between the wrapped seeds and the germination accelerating heat sources is further optimized to be 5 cm. It is further preferred that the seeds and the upper part of the thermos bottle are covered with a towel or cotton cloth.

After germination acceleration of the preferred incubator is finished, the seeds are washed by warm water and germinate at normal temperature.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A muskmelon seed germination accelerating method comprises the following steps:

(1) accelerating germination with warm water: putting the current year of melon seeds into a vessel, pouring the seeds into warm water at 58 ℃ for stirring, wherein the ratio of the seeds to the water is 1:8, keeping the water temperature at 58 ℃ within 18 minutes, and soaking for 7.5 hours when the water temperature is reduced to room temperature;

(2) repeatedly rubbing and washing the soaked melon seeds with two hands, then fishing out the melon seeds from water, pouring the melon seeds into cotton cloth, draining water, and then tightly binding the melon seeds with rubber bands or binding ropes for later use;

(3) taking out the prepared foam box, making a small hole capable of being inserted with a thermometer in the upper right corner of the foam box, inserting the thermometer, pouring boiled water into 2 500ml mineral water bottles, putting the mineral water bottles into the foam box, and monitoring the temperature in the foam box through the thermometer;

(4) when the temperature of the heat preservation box reaches 85 ℃, soaking a clean towel with clean water, wrapping the seeds in the wet towel by 4 layers, putting the wet towel between mineral water bottles filled with hot water, keeping a 5cm interval between the seeds and the hot water bottles, preventing the seeds from being scalded, and covering a layer of towel on the seeds and the hot water bottles;

(5) the cover of the foam box is tightly covered, then the temperature is gradually reduced, the temperature is reduced to the room temperature after 5-6 hours, the temperature difference in the operation process is large, the bud is promoted to be uniform and strong, and the germination rate of the annual seeds is over 80% in 24-28 hours.

Example 2

(1) Accelerating germination with warm water: putting the current year of melon seeds into a vessel, pouring warm water at 55 ℃ into the vessel for stirring, wherein the ratio of the seeds to the water is 1:7, keeping the water temperature of 55 ℃ within 20 minutes, and soaking for 7 hours when the water temperature is reduced to room temperature;

(2) repeatedly scrubbing the soaked melon seeds with hands, taking out the melon seeds from the water, pouring the melon seeds into cotton cloth, draining the water, and tightly binding the melon seeds with rubber bands or binding ropes for later use;

(3) taking out the prepared foam box, making a small hole capable of being inserted with a thermometer in the upper right corner of the foam box, inserting the thermometer, pouring boiled water into 2 600ml mineral water bottles, putting the mineral water bottles into the foam box, and monitoring the temperature in the foam box through the thermometer;

(4) when the temperature of the heat preservation box reaches 80 ℃, soaking a clean towel with clean water, wrapping 3 layers of seeds in the wet towel, putting the wet towel between mineral water bottles filled with hot water, keeping a 4cm interval between the seeds and the hot water bottles to prevent the seeds from being scalded, and covering a layer of towel on the seeds and the hot water bottles;

Example 3

(1) Accelerating germination with warm water: putting the current year of melon seeds into a vessel, pouring 60 ℃ warm water into the vessel for stirring, keeping the 60 ℃ water temperature within 15 minutes, and soaking for 8 hours when the water temperature is reduced to room temperature;

(3) taking out the prepared foam box, making a small hole capable of being inserted with a thermometer in the upper right corner of the foam box, inserting the thermometer, pouring boiled water into 3 400ml mineral water bottles, putting the mineral water bottles into the foam box, and monitoring the temperature in the foam box through the thermometer;

(4) when the temperature of the heat preservation box reaches 90 ℃, soaking a clean towel with clean water, wrapping the seeds in the wet towel, wrapping 4 layers of the wet towel, putting the wet towel between mineral water bottles filled with hot water, and keeping a 6cm interval between the seeds and the hot water bottles to prevent the seeds from being scalded;

Example 4

Melon germination test

The test varieties are as follows: ji melon No. 1, No. 5 and No. 6 seeds each have 100 grains.

Soaking the seeds in 55 deg.C warm water at 16:00 pm in 28 pm in 1 month in 2019, continuously adding hot water for the first 20min to keep the water temperature at 55 deg.C, naturally lowering the water temperature after 20min, and continuously soaking to 23:00 (about 7 hr). And repeatedly rubbing the soaked melon seeds with two hands, taking out the melon seeds from the water, pouring the melon seeds into cotton cloth, and draining the water. Soaking towel, wrapping with the drained seeds, wrapping with 3-4 layers, and tightening with rubber band or binding rope.

A25 cm by 25cm closed foam chamber with an upper lid was prepared, and a small hole was made in the upper right corner of the lid to insert a thermometer. 2 500ml mineral water bottles filled with boiled water were placed in a prepared foam box and wrapped with a towel. And (3) placing the wrapped seeds among 2 mineral water bottles, keeping the seeds and the mineral water bottles at a distance of 5cm, covering the seeds with an upper cover, and sealing the heat preservation box.

And taking out the seeds at 8:00 am in 29 am in 1 month in 2019, washing the seeds with warm water, germinating at normal temperature, and checking the germination condition. The germination rate and the germination vigor were counted in 29 th evening 21:30 (first day), 30 th morning 10:30 (second day), 30 th evening 21:00, 31 th morning 8:00 (third day), 2 month 1 st morning 8:00 (fourth day), and 10 seeds were randomly selected and the bud length was measured.

And (3) test results:

TABLE 1 melon seed Germination

As can be seen from the table 1, when the germination accelerating method is used for accelerating the germination of the muskmelon seeds Ji muskmelon No. 1, No. 5 and No. 6, the germination of the seeds can be obviously promoted, and the germination rate and the germination vigor can be improved. After accelerating germination for 1 day, seeds of Ji melon No. 5 and No. 6 can germinate in large quantity, the germination potential reaches 80% and 97% in 1 day, and the germination rates reach 88% and 100% respectively; after 1 day of pregermination, a small amount of Ji melon No. 1 seeds germinate, after 2 days, a large amount of seeds germinate, and the germination potential reaches 92% and the germination rate reaches 95% after 2 days. Ji melon No. 6 is more suitable for the germination accelerating method.

TABLE 21 month 29 day 21:30 bud growth conditions units (cm)

Serial number	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	Total number of	Average
													Ji melon No. 1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Ji melon No. 5	0.4	0.3	0.25	0.3	0.5	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	2.95	0.295
													Ji melon No. 6	0.2	0.2	0.25	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	2.45	0.245

(Ji melon No. 1 has just exposed white, and has too short bud to measure).

TABLE 31 month, 30 days, 10:30 bud growth units (cm)

Serial number	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	Total number of	Average
													Ji melon No. 1	0.3	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.6	0.4	0.5	0.6	4.8	0.48
Ji melon No. 5	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.0	0.8	1.0	1.2	1.2	10.5	1.05
													Ji melon No. 6	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.8	7.8	0.78

TABLE 41 month 30 day 21:00 bud growth case units (cm)

Serial number	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	Total number of	Average
													Ji melon No. 1	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.7	0.8	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.5	6.3	0.63
Ji melon No. 5	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.2	12.1	1.21
													Ji melon No. 6	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.4	1.0	1.3	1.5	1.3	0.7	0.8	11.6	1.16

TABLE 51 month 31 day 8:00 bud growth case units (cm)

Serial number	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	Total number of	Average
													Ji melon No. 1	0.8	1.1	0.8	0.7	1.2	1.0	1.1	1.0	0.9	0.9	9.5	0.95
Ji melon No. 5	1.7	1.2	1.8	1.1	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.3	1.6	1.4	14.4	1.44
													Ji melon No. 6	2.5	2.1	2.3	2.1	2.2	1.8	2.2	1.0	1.2	0.8	18.2	1.82

As can be seen from tables 2-5 and figures 2-3, the germination accelerating method of the invention can promote the water retention capacity of the embryo protoplasm of the germinated seeds to be enhanced, so that the seeds germinate robustly, the growth and development are accelerated and the germination speed is increased by using the alternative high-low temperature change in the heat preservation box. In addition, the difference of the seed bud length of each muskmelon is not large, which shows that the germination accelerating method can keep the uniformity of the muskmelon seeds and improve the germination uniformity of the seeds.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The melon germination accelerating method is characterized by comprising the following steps: soaking melon seeds in warm water, fishing out, wrapping the seeds with a wet towel, and putting the seeds in a heat preservation box for accelerating germination, wherein the initial temperature of the accelerating germination is 80-90 ℃, then the temperature is gradually reduced, and the temperature is reduced to room temperature for 5-6 hours to complete the accelerating germination;

the heat insulation box is a closed foam box; a closed container filled with boiled water is arranged in the heat preservation box and is used as a germination accelerating heat source; a thermometer is arranged in the heat preservation box and used for monitoring the temperature in the box; the container is a thermos bottle; the wet towel wrapping the seeds is arranged between the germination accelerating heat sources in the foam box.

2. A melon germination accelerating method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for soaking seeds in warm water comprises soaking melon seeds in water at 55-60 ℃ for 15-20min, and continuing to soak for 7-8h after the water temperature is reduced to room temperature.

3. A melon germination accelerating method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that after the warm water seed soaking, the melon seeds are repeatedly washed, fished out and drained.

4. A melon germination accelerating method according to claim 1, wherein the wet towel is wrapped with 3-4 layers.

5. A melon germination method according to claim 1, wherein the wrapped seeds are spaced 4-6cm from the germination accelerating heat source.

6. A germination accelerating method for melons according to claim 1, wherein after the germination accelerating in the heat preservation box is completed, seeds are washed by warm water and germinated at normal temperature.