CN113930900B - 一种热塑性纤维网结构以及汽车内饰件 - Google Patents
一种热塑性纤维网结构以及汽车内饰件 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种热塑性纤维网结构,其由通过自身熔融粘结在一起的纤维丝形成支撑结构,该纤维丝由热塑性弹性体材料形成。本发明还涉及一种汽车内饰件,其包括上述的热塑性纤维网结构和吊紧在热塑性纤维网结构上的面套和/或毛毡。根据本发明的热塑性纤维网结构,其利用热塑性弹性体材料熔融挤出三维网状结构,形成支撑结构,具有高回弹和可回收利用的特性,此类汽车内饰件在保证支撑性和舒适性的同时,兼顾环保性、透气性及轻量化。另外,考虑到常规的面套发泡吊紧形式无法适用于热塑性纤维网结构,本发明的汽车内饰件提供全新的吊紧形式来匹配热塑性纤维网结构的包覆。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车,更具体地涉及一种热塑性纤维网结构以及汽车内饰件。
背景技术
常规的汽车内饰件的支撑结构为车用聚氨酯发泡料,其为热固性材料,产品废弃之后无法回收再利用,且制造过程中会产生二氧化碳,增加碳排放。同时,聚氨酯发泡是化学反应,会产生VOC,气味等,且制品会产生缺料暗泡等缺陷,制品稳定性不可控。
发明内容
为了解决上述现有技术中的聚氨酯发泡料带来的问题,本发明提供一种热塑性纤维网结构以及汽车内饰件,具有可回收循环利用的特性。
根据本发明的热塑性纤维网结构,其由通过自身熔融粘结在一起的纤维丝形成支撑结构,该纤维丝由热塑性弹性体材料形成。
优选地,热塑性弹性体选自聚烯烃类弹性体、聚酯类弹性体和聚酰胺类弹性体中的至少一种。
优选地,该聚烯烃类弹性体为聚α烯烃类弹性体。
优选地,聚酯类弹性体的硬段为聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,软段为聚酯链段或聚醚链段。
优选地,聚酰胺类弹性体为尼龙类弹性体。应该理解,尼龙类弹性体的硬段为不限长度的聚酰胺链段,软段为聚醚链段或聚酯链段。例如尼龙6或尼龙66。
优选地,热塑性纤维网结构通过纤维丝的疏密分布具有单一或局部不同的密度和硬度。
优选地,热塑性纤维网结构通过纤维丝的造型分布具有单一或局部不同的支撑性。
优选地,纤维丝为空心丝或实心丝。
优选地,空心丝的壁厚介于0.1-1mm之间,实心丝的直径介于0.5-2mm之间。
优选地,热塑性纤维网结构的密度介于25-150kg/m3之间。
根据本发明的汽车内饰件,其包括上述的热塑性纤维网结构和吊紧在热塑性纤维网结构上的面套和/或毛毡。
优选地,该汽车内饰件为座椅靠背、坐垫、头枕、扶手或腿托。
优选地,面套具有面套型条,其通过具有开口的固定件钩挂固定连接在热塑性纤维网结构上。在优选的实施例中,该固定件为C型环。应该理解,该固定件的形式并不局限于C形,也可以是U形,具有开口的设置便于进行固定。
优选地,固定件的材质与热塑性纤维网结构的材质相同。应该理解,材料选择相同材质,可以在回收利用时,更加有利,也可以选择不同材质材料,如金属、塑料、弹性体等可固定材质。
优选地,热塑性纤维网结构的对应于固定件的吊紧窗口被压实。
优选地,毛毡具有合成钢丝,面套型条和合成钢丝通过固定件钩挂固定连接在热塑性纤维网结构上。
优选地,面套具有热塑性型条,其通过熔融固定连接在热塑性纤维网结构上。
优选地,热塑性型条的材质与热塑性纤维网结构的材质相同。应该理解,材料选择相同材质,可以在回收利用时,更加有利,也可以选择不同材质材料,如金属、塑料、弹性体等可固定材质。
优选地,面套具有一字型塑料件,其在插入热塑性纤维网结构后旋转以将面套固定连接在热塑性纤维网结构上。
优选地,毡布通过粘胶剂固定在热塑性纤维网结构上。应该理解,毡布可以自带粘结性能,直接固定在热塑性纤维网结构上。
根据本发明的热塑性纤维网结构,其利用热塑性弹性体材料熔融挤出三维网状结构,形成支撑结构,具有高回弹和可回收利用的特性,此类汽车内饰件在保证支撑性和舒适性的同时,兼顾环保性、透气性及轻量化。特别地,热塑性材料在熔融挤出过程中为物理反应,而非化学反应,制备过程中稳定性更佳,制品更加均匀可控。另外,考虑到常规的面套发泡吊紧形式无法适用于热塑性纤维网结构,本发明的汽车内饰件提供全新的吊紧形式来匹配热塑性纤维网结构的包覆。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的一个优选实施例的汽车内饰件的局部示意图;
图2是图1的热塑性纤维网结构的示意图;
图3示出了图1的一个变型方案;
图4是图2的纤维丝的结构示意图;
图5示出了图4的一个变型方案;
图6示出了图2的一个变型方案;
图7示出了图2的另一个变型方案;
图8示出了图2的又一个变型方案;
图9示出了图2的又一个变型方案;
图10示出了图2的又一个变型方案;
图11是根据本发明的另一个优选实施例的汽车内饰件的局部装配示意图;
图12是图11的热塑性纤维网结构的受力示意图;
图13示出了图12的一个变型方案;
图14示出了图12的另一个变型方案;
图15示出了图12的又一个变型方案;
图16示出了图12的又一个变型方案;
图17示出了图12的又一个变型方案;
图18示出了图12的又一个变型方案;
图19示出了图12的又一个变型方案;
图20示出了图12的又一个变型方案;
图21是根据本发明的又一个优选实施例的汽车内饰件的局部示意图;
图22是图21的热塑性纤维网结构的示意图;
图23是根据本发明的又一个优选实施例的汽车内饰件的局部示意图;
图24是根据本发明的又一个优选实施例的汽车内饰件的局部示意图;
图25是根据本发明的一个变型方案;
图26是根据本发明的另一个变型方案;。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图,给出本发明的较佳实施例,并予以详细描述。
实施例1
如图1所示,根据本发明的一个优选实施例的汽车内饰件为座椅靠背,其包括面套1a和形成支撑结构的热塑性纤维网结构2a,如图2所示,热塑性纤维网结构2a由通过自身熔融粘结在一起的聚酯弹性体纤维丝21a(硬段为聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,软段为聚酯链段或聚醚链段)形成,回到图1,面套1a具有面套型条1a1,其通过C型环3a钩挂固定连接在热塑性纤维网结构2a上,C型环3a的材质为聚酯弹性体纤维。如此,连接面套1a和热塑性纤维网结构2a的C型环3a的材质与热塑性纤维网结构2a的材质相同,均为热塑性可回收材料。为了增强稳定性,热塑性纤维网结构的吊紧窗口22被压实,如图3所示,提高钩挂稳定性,提供大强度连接。
在本实施例中,该聚酯弹性体纤维丝21a为空心丝,如图4所示,该空心聚酯弹性体纤维丝21a的壁厚为0.2mm。在另一实施例中,该聚酯弹性体纤维丝21b可以为实心丝,如图5所示,该实心聚酯弹性体纤维丝21b的直径为1mm。应该理解,通过调节纤维丝的壁厚或直径可以调节汽车内饰件的软硬。优选地,纤维丝的壁厚或直径可以在0.1-2mm的范围内进行调节。具体地,空心丝的壁厚可以在0.1-1mm的范围内进行调节,而实心丝的直径可以在0.5-2mm的范围内进行调节。
在本实施例中,如图2所示,该聚酯弹性体纤维丝21a均匀分布在座椅靠背的各个区域,从而使得座椅靠背具有单一密度(例如80kg/m3)和硬度(例如10kpa)。在另一实施例中,该聚酯弹性体纤维丝21c的分布为:上部分密度低,下部分密度高,如图6所示,从而使得座椅靠背具有上下不同的密度和硬度。在又一实施例中,该聚酯弹性体纤维丝21d的分布为:中间密度低,两侧密度高,如图7所示,从而使得座椅靠背具有两侧与中间不同的密度和硬度。在又一实施例中,该聚酯弹性体纤维丝21e的分布为:两侧及中间下端支撑部分密度高,中间上端密度低,如图8所示,从而使得座椅靠背具有局部不同的密度和硬度。在又一实施例中,该聚酯弹性体纤维丝21f的分布为:中内部密度低,中外部和两侧密度高,如图9所示,从而使得座椅靠背具有局部不同的密度和硬度。在又一实施例中,该聚酯弹性体纤维丝21g的分布为:中右部和左侧密度低,中左部和右侧密度高,如图10所示,从而使得座椅靠背具有局部不同的密度和硬度。优选地,热塑性纤维网结构2a的密度可以在25-150kg/m3的范围内进行调节,硬度可以在1.0kpa~20kpa的范围内进行调节。
实施例2
如图11所示,根据本发明的另一个优选实施例的汽车内饰件为坐垫,其包括面套1b、形成支撑结构的热塑性纤维网结构2b和毛毡4b,如图12所示,热塑性纤维网结构2b由通过自身熔融粘结在一起的聚α烯烃弹性体丝21h形成,回到图11,面套1b具有面套型条1b1,毛毡4b具有合成钢丝4b1,两者通过C型环3b钩挂固定连接在热塑性纤维网结构2b上,C型环的材质与热塑性纤维网结构2b的材质相同,均为聚烯烃材料,固定力强。
在本实施例中,如图12所示,该聚α烯烃弹性体丝21h均匀分布在座椅靠背的各个区域,从而使得座椅靠背具有单一支撑性。在其他实施例中,纤维丝21i,21j,21k,21l,21m,21n的分布具有各种造型,如图13-图18所示,从而在座椅需要支撑的区域,增加产品的支撑性能。在其他实施例中,纤维丝21o,21p的分布具有叠加造型,如图19-图20所示,从而在座椅需要支撑的区域,增加产品的支撑性能。
实施例3
如图21所示,根据本发明的又一个优选实施例的汽车内饰件为头枕,其包括面套1c和形成支撑结构的热塑性纤维网结构2c,如图22所示,热塑性纤维网结构2c由通过自身熔融粘结在一起的聚酰胺弹性体丝21q形成,回到图21,面套1c具有热塑性型条1c1,其熔融固定连接在热塑性纤维网结构2c上。热塑性型条1c1的材质与热塑性纤维网结构2c的材质相同,均为聚酰胺弹性体,其在热压过程中与纤维丝21q相似相容,并且在回收过程中不影响产品的二次使用。应该理解,若原料为聚酰胺弹性体,则热塑性型条可以是尼龙6,尼龙66。
实施例4
如图23所示,根据本发明的又一个优选实施例的汽车内饰件为扶手,其包括面套1d和形成支撑结构的热塑性纤维网结构2d,热塑性纤维网结构2d由通过自身熔融粘结在一起的尼龙类弹性体丝形成,面套1d具有一字型塑料件1d1,其在插入热塑性纤维网结构2d后旋转以将面套1d固定连接在热塑性纤维网结构2d上。
实施例5
如图24所示,根据本发明的又一个优选实施例的汽车内饰件为腿托,其包括形成支撑结构的热塑性纤维网结构2e和毡布4e,毡布4e通过粘胶剂5e固定在热塑性纤维网结构2e上。在本实施例中,毡布4e的材质为PET,粘胶剂5e的材质为热塑性胶体。
以上所述的,仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并非用以限定本发明的范围,本发明的上述实施例还可以做出各种变化,例如图25所示的汽车内饰件为前坐垫,其包括独立提供的横向分块,然后熔融拼接而成,又例如图26所示的汽车内饰件为前靠背,其包括独立提供的垂直方向分块,然后熔融拼接而成。即凡是依据本发明申请的权利要求书及说明书内容所作的简单、等效变化与修饰,皆落入本发明专利的权利要求保护范围。本发明未详尽描述的均为常规技术内容。
Claims (9)
1.一种汽车内饰件,其特征在于,该汽车内饰件包括热塑性纤维网结构和吊紧在热塑性纤维网结构上的面套,该热塑性纤维网结构由通过自身熔融粘结在一起的纤维丝形成支撑结构,该纤维丝由热塑性弹性体材料形成,热塑性纤维网结构通过纤维丝的疏密分布具有单一或局部不同的密度和硬度,密度介于25-150 kg/m3之间,硬度介于1.0kpa~20kpa之间,纤维丝为空心丝或实心丝,空心丝的壁厚介于0.1-1mm之间,实心丝的直径介于0.5-2mm之间,热塑性纤维网结构通过纤维丝的造型分布具有单一或局部不同的支撑性,面套具有面套型条,其通过具有开口的固定件钩挂固定连接在热塑性纤维网结构上,固定件的材质与热塑性纤维网结构的材质相同,热塑性纤维网结构的对应于固定件的吊紧窗口被压实。
2.根据权利要求1所述的汽车内饰件,其特征在于,热塑性弹性体选自聚烯烃类弹性体、聚酯类弹性体和聚酰胺类弹性体中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的汽车内饰件,其特征在于,聚烯烃类弹性体为聚α烯烃类弹性体。
4.根据权利要求2所述的汽车内饰件,其特征在于,聚酯类弹性体的硬段为聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,软段为聚酯链段或聚醚链段。
5.根据权利要求2所述的汽车内饰件,其特征在于,聚酰胺类弹性体为尼龙类弹性体。
6.根据权利要求1所述的汽车内饰件,其特征在于,该汽车内饰件还包括吊紧在热塑性纤维网结构上的毛毡。
7.根据权利要求1所述的汽车内饰件,其特征在于,该汽车内饰件为座椅靠背、坐垫、头枕、扶手或腿托。
8.根据权利要求6所述的汽车内饰件,其特征在于,毛毡具有合成钢丝,面套型条和合成钢丝通过固定件钩挂固定连接在热塑性纤维网结构上。
9.根据权利要求6所述的汽车内饰件,其特征在于,毛毡通过粘胶剂固定在热塑性纤维网结构上。
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