CN113929465B - 一种复合防弹陶瓷材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种复合防弹陶瓷材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种复合防弹陶瓷材料的制备方法,属于陶瓷制备技术领域,包括制备混合粉料,制备浆料,一次成型,加热加压,预脱脂,二次成型,微波处理,烧结;本发明的制备方法能够在降低复合防弹陶瓷的脆性和密度,增加复合防弹陶瓷的耐射击次数的同时,提高抗高温氧化性,高温强度和低温强度,降低在高温和低温下的脆性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷制备技术领域,具体涉及一种复合防弹陶瓷材料的制备方法。
背景技术
现代战争的胜负,仍然是解决矛和盾的问题,枪、炮、导弹是矛,防弹装甲是盾,在反暴力、反恐怖的斗争中和现代大规模战争中,防弹装甲都可以减小伤亡、提高战斗力,增加胜利因素,因而研究、开发它是十分必要的。
装甲材料总的发展趋势是强韧化、轻量化、多功能和高效率。陶瓷材料是防弹材料中重要的一支,它具有高的硬度和耐磨性,高的压缩强度和高应力时的优良弹道性能。防弹陶瓷之所以能够防弹,是因为它具备极高的硬度和强度。子弹撞击高强高硬的陶瓷后,发生破碎并引起陶瓷碎裂,整个过程将消耗子弹大部分的能量,并在弹着点处形成一个“倒金字塔”型破坏锥,这也是陶瓷受弹击后典型的被破坏形貌。
虽然防弹陶瓷有超强的硬度,但是陶瓷脆性大,容易出现碎裂的情况,在撞击陶瓷板的同时,巨大的撞击力会使防弹陶瓷板碎裂产生裂痕,有裂痕的部位是无法再次抵抗袭击的,因此被袭击过的防弹陶瓷板是不可以再次使用的。这就带来了另外一个问题,在比较激烈的战术活动中,在射击次数较多的情况下,防弹陶瓷板很可能在经过几次射击之后就完全丧失了防护功能。
现有技术中主要是通过纤维增强陶瓷来降低陶瓷的脆性,以增加防弹陶瓷的耐射击次数,但是目前制备的纤维增强陶瓷材料抗高温氧化性差,而且高温强度和低温强度低,在高温和低温下脆性更大,限制了防弹陶瓷的加工和使用;此外,也有使用复合陶瓷来提高防弹陶瓷的抗射击能力,但是不能从根本上解决陶瓷的脆性问题,而且复合陶瓷的密度一般较高,作为防弹陶瓷时使用不方便。
专利CN110484795B公开了一种碳化硅基复合防弹陶瓷及其制备工艺,该复合防弹陶瓷,按重量份计,由以下原料制成:碳化硅60-75份,碳化硼5-9份,硼化钛3.5-8份,硅铁合金12-24份,纳米级硬质碳化钛颗粒5-10份,碳化钨粉末3-8份,碳黑粉12-15份,粘结剂1.2-3.5份,烧结助剂1-2份,增强稳定剂12-18份,金属硅12-18份;该专利的不足:制备的碳化硅基复合防弹陶瓷的高温强度和低温强度低,高温和低温下脆性大。
专利CN108387141B公开了一种复合防弹陶瓷板的制备方法,该制备方法为:将氢氧化铝加入在去离子水中,然后加入聚乙烯醇,超声反应20-40min,得到氢氧化铝分散液;将氢氧化铝分散液加入至减压蒸馏釜中减压蒸馏反应1-3h,得到粘稠液;将粘稠液加入模具中微热蒸发20-30min,固化得到前驱板;将前驱板放入反应釜中加温加压反应3-8h,得到第一陶瓷板;将致密陶瓷板放入无水乙醇中,然后加入石墨烯粉料超声反应3-6h,得到第二陶瓷板;将第二陶瓷板放入反应釜中二次加温加压反应5-7h,得到复合防弹陶瓷板;该专利的不足:制备的复合防弹陶瓷板耐高温氧化性差。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明提供了一种复合防弹陶瓷材料的制备方法,在降低复合防弹陶瓷的脆性和密度,增加复合防弹陶瓷的耐射击次数的同时,提高抗高温氧化性,高温强度和低温强度,降低在高温和低温下的脆性。
为解决以上技术问题,本发明采取的技术方案如下:
一种复合防弹陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括制备混合粉料,制备浆料,一次成型,加热加压,预脱脂,二次成型,微波处理,烧结。
所述制备混合粉料,将碳化硼粉体,纳米二氧化硅,氢氧化铝,氧化硼粉体,氮化硼粉体置于处理液中,在20-30℃下搅拌40-50min,控制搅拌速度为400-450rpm,搅拌结束后开始降温,控制降温速度为2-3℃/min,待降温至-20℃到-25℃,在-20℃到-25℃下冷冻处理1-1.5h后自然恢复至室温,得到冷冻处理后的料液,然后对冷冻处理后的料液进行加压处理,控制加压处理的温度为60-70℃,加压处理的压力为100-120MPa,加压处理的时间为30-40min,加压处理结束后得到加压料液;然后对加压料液进行真空喷雾干燥,控制真空喷雾干燥的真空度为0.04-0.05MPa,真空喷雾干燥的温度为70-80℃,真空喷雾干燥结束得到混合粉料。
所述碳化硼粉体的纯度为99-99.5%,粒径为20-50μm。
所述纳米二氧化硅的粒径为300-400nm。
所述氧化硼粉体的粒径为10-20μm。
所述氮化硼粉体的粒径为50-80μm。
所述处理液的组成,按重量份计,包括:20-25份酒精,15-20份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,6-8份马来酸酐,4-6份蔗糖,3-5份硼酸,2-3份过氧化二异丙苯,1-2份聚乙烯胺。
其中,碳化硼粉体,纳米二氧化硅,氢氧化铝,氧化硼粉体,氮化硼粉体,处理液的质量比为50-55:4-6:2-3:3-5:3-5:180-200。
所述制备浆料,向混合粉料中加入去离子水,滑石粉,羧甲基纤维素钠,碳酸钙,硫酸镁,硫酸钙混合均匀后,在氮气保护下置于行星高能球磨机中进行高能球磨,控制球料比为20-25:1,球磨机转速300-350rpm,球磨时间为3-4h,然后向行星高能球磨机中加入三异丙醇胺和柠檬酸钠,然后将球磨机的转速调整至250-300rpm后继续进行球磨,球磨0.5-1h,得到浆料。
其中,混合粉,去离子水,滑石粉,羧甲基纤维素钠,碳酸钙,硫酸镁,硫酸钙,三异丙醇胺,柠檬酸钠的质量比为50-55:120-130:2-5:3-6:2-3:1-2:3-5:1-2:3-6。
所述一次成型,将浆料置于成型模具中,然后将成型模具放入恒温箱中进行脱水收缩,控制恒温箱的温度为50-55℃,在恒温箱中脱水10-12h后,得到初级坯体。
所述加热加压,将初级坯体置于密闭容器内,然后将密闭容器抽真空,抽至真空度0.01-0.02MPa,然后通过通入高温高压的氮气进行加热加压,控制氮气的加热温度为90-100℃,将密闭容器加压至0.2-0.25MPa,保温保压40-50min后得到坯体。
所述预脱脂,将坯体置于真空脱脂炉中,将真空脱脂炉的温度由室温升温至250-300℃进行预脱脂,控制升温速度为1-2℃/min,在250-300℃下预脱脂5-6h,然后自然冷却至室温,得到预脱脂后的坯体。
所述二次成型,将预脱脂后的坯体抽真空后,于冷等静压机中进行保温保压,控制冷等静压机的温度为500-600℃,压力为160-200MPa,保温保压的时间为10-15min,保温保压结束得到二次成型后的坯体。
所述微波处理,将二次成型后的坯体置于微波处理设备中进行微波处理,将微波处理设备的微波频率控制到2200-2300MHz,功率控制到400-500W,微波处理时间为20-30min,微波处理结束后得到微波处理后的坯体。
所述烧结,将将微波处理后的坯体置于真空无压烧结炉内进行烧结,将真空无压烧结炉的真空度控制到0.04-0.05MPa后进行升温,控制升温速度为1.5-2℃/min,待升温至2050-2160℃,在2050-2160℃下保温2-2.5h后自然冷却至室温后取出,得到复合防弹陶瓷材料。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明制备的复合防弹陶瓷材料,通过使用处理液对混合粉料进行处理,能够降低制备的复合防弹陶瓷材料的密度,对初级坯体进行加热加压能够提高致密度,维氏硬度,弹性模量,抗拉强度,抗弯强度,抗压强度,断裂韧性,本发明制备的复合防弹陶瓷材料的密度为2.19-2.22g/cm3,致密度为98.1-98.5%,维氏硬度为31-33GPa,弹性模量为461-467GPa,抗拉强度为334-340MPa,抗弯强度为462-464MPa,抗压强度为2150-2200MPa,断裂韧性为5.7-6.1 MPa·m1/2;
(2)本发明制备的复合防弹陶瓷材料,通过使用处理液对混合粉料进行处理,能够对粉料进行改性,结合对初级坯体进行加热加压步骤,进一步对初级坯体进行改性,从而提高制备的复合防弹陶瓷材料的高温抗氧化性,将本发明制备的复合防弹陶瓷材料置于1400℃中氧化60h,质量变化为0.25-0.28g/cm3;
(3)本发明制备的复合防弹陶瓷材料,通过使用处理液对混合粉料进行处理,改变了粉料的内部结构,提高了粉料之间的结合力,通过在一次成型后进行加热加压,以及在二次成型后进行微波处理,能够加强陶瓷内部的结合力,从而提高高温强度和低温强度,并降低高温脆性和低温脆性,本发明制备的复合防弹陶瓷材料在1500℃下的弹性模量为460-465GPa,抗拉强度为332-337MPa,抗弯强度为459-464MPa,抗压强度为2150-2190MPa,断裂韧性为5.5-5.9 MPa·m1/2;在-50℃下的弹性模量为461-466GPa,抗拉强度为333-340MPa,抗弯强度为461-465MPa,抗压强度为2150-2190MPa,断裂韧性为5.6-6.1 MPa·m1/2;
(4)本发明制备的复合防弹陶瓷材料,通过在制备混合粉料步骤中将碳化硼粉体,纳米二氧化硅,氢氧化铝,氧化硼粉体,氮化硼粉体置于处理液处理,从而加强了粉体之间的结合力和防子弹冲击能力,通过在一次成型后进行加热加压,进一步增加了粉体内部的结合力,从而在收到子弹攻击时,阻止裂痕的扩展,本发明制备的复合防弹陶瓷材料经实弹测试,使用53式7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹,子弹速度840m/s时,防护能力达到NIJ 0101.06标准规定的Ⅳ级防护要求,裂痕只在弹着点附近陶瓷块内,没有明显扩展。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解,现说明本发明的具体实施方式。
实施例1
一种复合防弹陶瓷材料的制备方法,具体为:
1.制备混合粉料:所述制备混合粉料,将碳化硼粉体,纳米二氧化硅,氢氧化铝,氧化硼粉体,氮化硼粉体置于处理液中,在20℃下搅拌40min,控制搅拌速度为400rpm,搅拌结束后开始降温,控制降温速度为2℃/min,待降温至-20℃,在-20℃下冷冻处理1h后自然恢复至室温,得到冷冻处理后的料液,然后对冷冻处理后的料液进行加压处理,控制加压处理的温度为60℃,加压处理的压力为100MPa,加压处理的时间为30min,加压处理结束后得到加压料液;然后对加压料液进行真空喷雾干燥,控制真空喷雾干燥的真空度为0.04MPa,真空喷雾干燥的温度为70℃,真空喷雾干燥结束得到混合粉料。
所述碳化硼粉体的纯度为99,粒径为20μm。
所述纳米二氧化硅的粒径为300nm。
所述氧化硼粉体的粒径为10μm。
所述氮化硼粉体的粒径为50μm。
所述处理液的组成,按重量份计,包括:20份酒精,15份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,6份马来酸酐,4份蔗糖,3份硼酸,2份过氧化二异丙苯,1份聚乙烯胺。
其中,碳化硼粉体,纳米二氧化硅,氢氧化铝,氧化硼粉体,氮化硼粉体,处理液的质量比为50:4:2:3:3:180。
2.制备浆料:向混合粉料中加入去离子水,滑石粉,羧甲基纤维素钠,碳酸钙,硫酸镁,硫酸钙混合均匀后,在氮气保护下置于行星高能球磨机中进行高能球磨,控制球料比为20:1,球磨机转速300rpm,球磨时间为3h,然后向行星高能球磨机中加入三异丙醇胺和柠檬酸钠,然后将球磨机的转速调整至250rpm后继续进行球磨,球磨0.5h,得到浆料。
其中,混合粉,去离子水,滑石粉,羧甲基纤维素钠,碳酸钙,硫酸镁,硫酸钙,三异丙醇胺,柠檬酸钠的质量比为50:120:2:3:2:1:3:1:3。
3.一次成型:将浆料置于成型模具中,然后将成型模具放入恒温箱中进行脱水收缩,控制恒温箱的温度为50℃,在恒温箱中脱水10h后,得到初级坯体。
4.加热加压:将初级坯体置于密闭容器内,然后将密闭容器抽真空,抽至真空度0.01MPa,然后通过通入高温高压的氮气进行加热加压,控制氮气的加热温度为90℃,将密闭容器加压至0.2MPa,保温保压40min后得到坯体。
5.预脱脂:将坯体置于真空脱脂炉中,将真空脱脂炉的温度由室温升温至250℃进行预脱脂,控制升温速度为1℃/min,在250℃下预脱脂5h,然后自然冷却至室温,得到预脱脂后的坯体。
6.二次成型:将预脱脂后的坯体抽真空后,于冷等静压机中进行保温保压,控制冷等静压机的温度为500℃,压力为160MPa,保温保压的时间为10min,保温保压结束得到二次成型后的坯体。
7.微波处理:将二次成型后的坯体置于微波处理设备中进行微波处理,将微波处理设备的微波频率控制到2200MHz,功率控制到400W,微波处理时间为20min,微波处理结束后得到微波处理后的坯体。
8.烧结:将将微波处理后的坯体置于真空无压烧结炉内进行烧结,将真空无压烧结炉的真空度控制到0.04MPa后进行升温,控制升温速度为1.5℃/min,待升温至2050℃,在2050℃下保温2h后自然冷却至室温后取出,得到复合防弹陶瓷材料。
实施例2
一种复合防弹陶瓷材料的制备方法,具体为:
1.制备混合粉料:所述制备混合粉料,将碳化硼粉体,纳米二氧化硅,氢氧化铝,氧化硼粉体,氮化硼粉体置于处理液中,在25℃下搅拌45min,控制搅拌速度为420rpm,搅拌结束后开始降温,控制降温速度为2.5℃/min,待降温至-22℃,在-22℃下冷冻处理1.2h后自然恢复至室温,得到冷冻处理后的料液,然后对冷冻处理后的料液进行加压处理,控制加压处理的温度为65℃,加压处理的压力为110MPa,加压处理的时间为35min,加压处理结束后得到加压料液;然后对加压料液进行真空喷雾干燥,控制真空喷雾干燥的真空度为0.04MPa,真空喷雾干燥的温度为75℃,真空喷雾干燥结束得到混合粉料。
所述碳化硼粉体的纯度为99.2%,粒径为30μm。
所述纳米二氧化硅的粒径为350nm。
所述氧化硼粉体的粒径为15μm。
所述氮化硼粉体的粒径为60μm。
所述处理液的组成,按重量份计,包括:22份酒精,17份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,7份马来酸酐,5份蔗糖,4份硼酸,2份过氧化二异丙苯,1份聚乙烯胺。
其中,碳化硼粉体,纳米二氧化硅,氢氧化铝,氧化硼粉体,氮化硼粉体,处理液的质量比为52:5:2:4:4:190。
2.制备浆料:向混合粉料中加入去离子水,滑石粉,羧甲基纤维素钠,碳酸钙,硫酸镁,硫酸钙混合均匀后,在氮气保护下置于行星高能球磨机中进行高能球磨,控制球料比为22:1,球磨机转速320rpm,球磨时间为3.5h,然后向行星高能球磨机中加入三异丙醇胺和柠檬酸钠,然后将球磨机的转速调整至270rpm后继续进行球磨,球磨0.7h,得到浆料。
其中,混合粉,去离子水,滑石粉,羧甲基纤维素钠,碳酸钙,硫酸镁,硫酸钙,三异丙醇胺,柠檬酸钠的质量比为52:125:4:5:2:2:4:1:5。
3.一次成型:将浆料置于成型模具中,然后将成型模具放入恒温箱中进行脱水收缩,控制恒温箱的温度为52℃,在恒温箱中脱水11h后,得到初级坯体。
4.加热加压:将初级坯体置于密闭容器内,然后将密闭容器抽真空,抽至真空度0.015MPa,然后通过通入高温高压的氮气进行加热加压,控制氮气的加热温度为95℃,将密闭容器加压至0.22MPa,保温保压45min后得到坯体。
5.预脱脂:将坯体置于真空脱脂炉中,将真空脱脂炉的温度由室温升温至270℃进行预脱脂,控制升温速度为1.5℃/min,在270℃下预脱脂5.5h,然后自然冷却至室温,得到预脱脂后的坯体。
6.二次成型:将预脱脂后的坯体抽真空后,于冷等静压机中进行保温保压,控制冷等静压机的温度为550℃,加压到180MPa,保温保压的时间为12min,保温保压结束得到二次成型后的坯体。
7.微波处理:将二次成型后的坯体置于微波处理设备中进行微波处理,将微波处理设备的微波频率控制到2250MHz,功率控制到450W,微波处理时间为25min,微波处理结束后得到微波处理后的坯体。
8.烧结:将将微波处理后的坯体置于真空无压烧结炉内进行烧结,将真空无压烧结炉的真空度控制到0.045MPa后进行升温,控制升温速度为1.7℃/min,待升温至2100℃,在2100℃下保温2.2h后自然冷却至室温后取出,得到复合防弹陶瓷材料。
实施例3
一种复合防弹陶瓷材料的制备方法,具体为:
1.制备混合粉料:所述制备混合粉料,将碳化硼粉体,纳米二氧化硅,氢氧化铝,氧化硼粉体,氮化硼粉体置于处理液中,在30℃下搅拌50min,控制搅拌速度为450rpm,搅拌结束后开始降温,控制降温速度为3℃/min,待降温至-25℃,在-25℃下冷冻处理1.5h后自然恢复至室温,得到冷冻处理后的料液,然后对冷冻处理后的料液进行加压处理,控制加压处理的温度为70℃,加压处理的压力为120MPa,加压处理的时间为40min,加压处理结束后得到加压料液;然后对加压料液进行真空喷雾干燥,控制真空喷雾干燥的真空度为0.05MPa,真空喷雾干燥的温度为80℃,真空喷雾干燥结束得到混合粉料。
所述碳化硼粉体的纯度为99.5%,粒径为50μm。
所述纳米二氧化硅的粒径为400nm。
所述氧化硼粉体的粒径为20μm。
所述氮化硼粉体的粒径为80μm。
所述处理液的组成,按重量份计,包括:25份酒精,20份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,8份马来酸酐,6份蔗糖,5份硼酸,3份过氧化二异丙苯,2份聚乙烯胺。
其中,碳化硼粉体,纳米二氧化硅,氢氧化铝,氧化硼粉体,氮化硼粉体,处理液的质量比为55:6:3:5:5:200。
2.制备浆料:向混合粉料中加入去离子水,滑石粉,羧甲基纤维素钠,碳酸钙,硫酸镁,硫酸钙混合均匀后,在氮气保护下置于行星高能球磨机中进行高能球磨,控制球料比为25:1,球磨机转速350rpm,球磨时间为4h,然后向行星高能球磨机中加入三异丙醇胺和柠檬酸钠,然后将球磨机的转速调整至300rpm后继续进行球磨,球磨1h,得到浆料。
其中,混合粉,去离子水,滑石粉,羧甲基纤维素钠,碳酸钙,硫酸镁,硫酸钙,三异丙醇胺,柠檬酸钠的质量比为55:130:5:6:3:2:5:2:6。
3.一次成型:将浆料置于成型模具中,然后将成型模具放入恒温箱中进行脱水收缩,控制恒温箱的温度为55℃,在恒温箱中脱水12h后,得到初级坯体。
4.加热加压:将初级坯体置于密闭容器内,然后将密闭容器抽真空,抽至真空度0.02MPa,然后通过通入高温高压的氮气进行加热加压,控制氮气的加热温度为100℃,将密闭容器加压至0.25MPa,保温保压50min后得到坯体。
5.预脱脂:将坯体置于真空脱脂炉中,将真空脱脂炉的温度由室温升温至300℃进行预脱脂,控制升温速度为2℃/min,在300℃下预脱脂6h,然后自然冷却至室温,得到预脱脂后的坯体。
6.二次成型:将预脱脂后的坯体抽真空后,于冷等静压机中进行保温保压,控制冷等静压机的温度为600℃,加压到200MPa,保温保压的时间为15min,保温保压结束得到二次成型后的坯体。
7.微波处理:将二次成型后的坯体置于微波处理设备中进行微波处理,将微波处理设备的微波频率控制到2300MHz,功率控制到500W,微波处理时间为30min,微波处理结束后得到微波处理后的坯体。
8.烧结:将将微波处理后的坯体置于真空无压烧结炉内进行烧结,将真空无压烧结炉的真空度控制到0.05MPa后进行升温,控制升温速度为2℃/min,待升温至2160℃,在2160℃下保温2.5h后自然冷却至室温后取出,得到复合防弹陶瓷材料。
对比例1
采用实施例1所述的复合防弹陶瓷材料的制备方法,其不同之处在于:第1步制备混合粉料步骤中省略将碳化硼粉体,纳米二氧化硅,氢氧化铝,氧化硼粉体,氮化硼粉体置于处理液处理,即直接将碳化硼粉体,纳米二氧化硅,氢氧化铝,氧化硼粉体,氮化硼粉体混合均匀后得到混合粉料。
对比例2
采用实施例1所述的复合防弹陶瓷材料的制备方法,其不同之处在于:省略第4步加热加压步骤。
对比例3
采用实施例1所述的复合防弹陶瓷材料的制备方法,其不同之处在于:省略第7步微波处理步骤。
对实施例1-3和对比例1-3制备的复合防弹陶瓷材料的密度,致密度,维氏硬度,弹性模量,抗拉强度,抗弯强度,抗压强度,断裂韧性进行检测,检测结果如下所示:
按照JC/T 2530-2019标准对实施例1-3和对比例1-3制备的复合防弹陶瓷材料的高温抗氧化性进行测试,将试样放入炉子中,于1400℃中氧化60h,测质量变化,测试结果如下:
在1500℃下对实施例1-3和对比例1-3制备的复合防弹陶瓷材料的弹性模量,抗拉强度,抗弯强度,抗压强度,断裂韧性进行检测,检测结果如下所示:
在-50℃下对实施例1-3和对比例1-3制备的复合防弹陶瓷材料的弹性模量,抗拉强度,抗弯强度,抗压强度,断裂韧性进行检测,检测结果如下所示:
对实施例1-3和对比例1-3制备的复合防弹陶瓷材料的防弹性能进行测试,测试方法及测试结果如下:
将实施例1-3和对比例1-3制备的复合防弹陶瓷材料制备成长为10cm,宽为10cm,厚度为2cm的正方形板,然后分别经实弹测试,使用53式7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹,子弹速度840m/s时,实施例1-3和对比例3制备的复合防弹陶瓷材料的防护能力达到NIJ 0101.06标准规定的Ⅳ级防护要求,裂痕只在弹着点附近陶瓷块内,没有明显扩展。
对比例1和对比例2制备的复合防弹陶瓷材料的防护能力达到NIJ 0101.06标准规定的Ⅳ级防护要求,裂痕在弹着点附近有明显的扩展,弹着点附近陶瓷板破坏严重,已失去防护能力。
除非另有说明,本发明中所采用的百分数均为质量百分数。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种复合防弹陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括制备混合粉料,制备浆料,一次成型,加热加压,预脱脂,二次成型,微波处理,烧结;
所述制备混合粉料,将碳化硼粉体,纳米二氧化硅,氢氧化铝,氧化硼粉体,氮化硼粉体置于处理液中并进行搅拌,搅拌结束后开始降温,控制降温速度为2-3℃/min,待降温至-20℃到-25℃,在-20℃到-25℃下冷冻处理1-1.5h后自然恢复至室温,得到冷冻处理后的料液,然后对冷冻处理后的料液进行加压处理,加压处理结束后得到加压料液;然后对加压料液进行真空喷雾干燥,真空喷雾干燥结束得到混合粉料;
其中,碳化硼粉体,纳米二氧化硅,氢氧化铝,氧化硼粉体,氮化硼粉体,处理液的质量比为50-55:4-6:2-3:3-5:3-5:180-200;
所述处理液的组成,按重量份计,包括:20-25份酒精,15-20份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,6-8份马来酸酐,4-6份蔗糖,3-5份硼酸,2-3份过氧化二异丙苯,1-2份聚乙烯胺;
所述加热加压,将一次成型后的初级坯体置于密闭容器内,然后将密闭容器抽真空,抽至真空度0.01-0.02MPa,然后通过通入高温高压的氮气进行加热加压,控制氮气的加热温度为90-100℃,将密闭容器加压至0.2-0.25MPa,保温保压40-50min后得到加热加压后的坯体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合防弹陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碳化硼粉体的纯度为99-99.5%,粒径为20-50μm;
所述纳米二氧化硅的粒径为300-400nm;
所述氧化硼粉体的粒径为10-20μm;
所述氮化硼粉体的粒径为50-80μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合防弹陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备浆料,向混合粉料中加入去离子水,滑石粉,羧甲基纤维素钠,碳酸钙,硫酸镁,硫酸钙混合均匀后,在氮气保护下置于行星高能球磨机中进行高能球磨,控制球料比为20-25:1,球磨机转速300-350rpm,球磨时间为3-4h,然后向行星高能球磨机中加入三异丙醇胺和柠檬酸钠,然后将球磨机的转速调整至250-300rpm后继续进行球磨,球磨0.5-1h,得到浆料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的复合防弹陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,混合粉,去离子水,滑石粉,羧甲基纤维素钠,碳酸钙,硫酸镁,硫酸钙,三异丙醇胺,柠檬酸钠的质量比为50-55:120-130:2-5:3-6:2-3:1-2:3-5:1-2:3-6。
5.根据权利要求1所述的复合防弹陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述预脱脂,将坯体置于真空脱脂炉中,将真空脱脂炉的温度由室温升温至250-300℃进行预脱脂,控制升温速度为1-2℃/min,在250-300℃下预脱脂5-6h,然后自然冷却至室温,得到预脱脂后的坯体。
6.根据权利要求1所述的复合防弹陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述二次成型,将预脱脂后的坯体抽真空后,于冷等静压机中进行保温保压,控制冷等静压机的温度为500-600℃,压力为160-200MPa,保温保压的时间为10-15min,保温保压结束得到二次成型后的坯体。
7.根据权利要求1所述的复合防弹陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述微波处理,将二次成型后的坯体置于微波处理设备中进行微波处理,将微波处理设备的微波频率控制到2200-2300MHz,功率控制到400-500W,微波处理时间为20-30min,微波处理结束后得到微波处理后的坯体。
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