CN111319318A - 防弹复合装甲及其制备方法 - Google Patents

防弹复合装甲及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111319318A
CN111319318A CN202010012520.XA CN202010012520A CN111319318A CN 111319318 A CN111319318 A CN 111319318A CN 202010012520 A CN202010012520 A CN 202010012520A CN 111319318 A CN111319318 A CN 111319318A
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composite
armor
carbon fiber
ceramic plate
boron carbide
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CN111319318B (zh
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刘媛
赵海静
董明
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Suzhou First Element Nano Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

一种防弹复合装甲及其制备方法，属于复合材料技术领域。该防弹复合装甲的制备方法包括以下步骤：1)将碳化硼、高导热纳米碳纤维、酚醛树脂与高纯水混合，搅拌均匀得到复合浆料，再经喷雾造粒，得到复合生料；2)将步骤1制得的复合生料装填入碳纤维编织袋内，之后缝合，放置在模具中，冷压形成生坯，生坯再经高温热压烧结成复合陶瓷板；3)将步骤2制得的复合陶瓷板、芳纶纤维布、超高分子量聚乙烯背板在高温热压罐中热压复合，得到防弹复合装甲。本发明能够对陶瓷板全方位限位止裂，并且增加了止裂层的耐高温性能。

Description

防弹复合装甲及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种复合材料领域的技术，具体是一种防弹复合装甲及其制备方法。
背景技术
相比氧化铝、氧化锆、碳化硅，碳化硼具有更低的密度、更高的硬度、强度、弹性模量等优良的性能，已在防弹装甲领域逐步替代上述材料。但其抗弯强度和断裂韧性仍然较低，脆性较大，因此限制了碳化硼陶瓷的应用。
中国专利文献号为CN101671193A的申请公开了一种碳纤维/碳化硼复合陶瓷及其制备方法，其中碳化硼的质量占45％-60％，碳纤维占40％-55％。该发明利用碳纤维的增韧性能，在单一碳化硼材料的基础上提高了硬度和断裂韧性10％-50％。该方法使用的碳纤维含量过高，从而导致碳化硼陶瓷的硬度大幅度降低，难以抵抗硬质弾芯穿甲弹的打击。
中国专利文献号为CN108859357A的申请公开了一种可防御12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料，该材料由聚脲层、芳纶层、石墨烯增韧碳化硼陶瓷层以及PE层通过高分子粘结而成。穿甲燃烧弹的打击下，高分子粘结剂容易老化失效，致使陶瓷表面粘结的芳纶布的止裂作用消失，该复合材料无法抵御后续穿甲燃烧弹的打击，不能满足复合防弹甲板抵御多次枪击的需求。
为了解决现有技术存在的上述问题，本发明由此而来。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的上述不足，提出了一种防弹复合装甲及其制备方法，能够对陶瓷板全方位限位止裂，并且增加了止裂层的耐高温性能。
本发明涉及一种防弹复合装甲的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)将碳化硼、纳米碳纤维、酚醛树脂按一定重量比例与高纯水混合，搅拌均匀得到复合浆料，再经喷雾造粒(喷雾造粒进风口温度为180-200℃，出风口温度为98-110℃)，得到复合生料；
2)将步骤1制得的复合生料装填入碳纤维编织袋内，之后缝合，放置在模具中，冷压形成生坯，再经高温热压烧结，得到复合陶瓷板，复合陶瓷板外层包裹有碳纤维止裂层；
3)将步骤2制得的复合陶瓷板(凹面)、芳纶布、超高分子量聚乙烯背板(凸面)紧密吻合、在高温热压罐中热压复合，得到防弹复合装甲。
优选地，所述碳化硼、纳米碳纤维、酚醛树脂按重量比例为100：5～15：1～5。
优选地，所述碳化硼粒径小于5μm；
优选地，所述纳米碳纤维长度5～20μm，直径50～200nm，纤维导热系数大于1200W/m·k；
优选地，所述酚醛树脂残碳率大于50％(1000℃，惰性环境)，剪切强度大于312MPa，游离酚小于0.3％。
优选地，所述碳纤维编织袋由碳纤维编织而成，厚度0.16～0.28mm，单位面积重量125～198g/m2，斜纹；编织袋以复合陶瓷板成品形状为模型编织；碳纤维导热系数大于30W/mk；
优选地，所述冷压形成生坯，生坯的压实密度为1.5～2.0g/cm3，所得生坯重量＝粉体压实密度*压实厚度*模具横截面积；
优选地，所述热压烧结温度1800～2200℃，压力30～60MPa，保压烧结时间10～30min；
优选地，所述芳纶布厚度0.5～1mm，斜纹；芳纶表面涂覆有环氧树脂；
优选地，所述超高分子量聚乙烯背板的面密度为16～20kg/m2，厚度5～20mm；
优选地，所述高温热压罐中热压复合温度120～150℃，压力3～5MPa，保温0.5～1h；
本发明涉及一种防弹复合装甲，采用上述方法制备得到，所述防弹复合装甲的结构为碳纤维层/碳化硼陶瓷层/碳纤维层/芳纶纤维层/超高分子量聚乙烯背板；其中碳纤维层对碳化硼陶瓷是全方位的限位止裂包覆。
技术效果
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下技术效果：
1)采用纳米碳纤维与碳化硼复合，纳米碳纤维很容易在碳化硼基体中实现均匀分散；纳米碳纤维在陶瓷烧结过程中抑制晶粒的长大，起到提高韧性、提高硬度的作用；
2)高导热的纳米碳纤维，大幅提高了纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合陶瓷自身的导热散热、均温的能力；能够快速将穿甲弹/穿甲燃烧打击复合陶瓷时产生的热量(能量)迅速传导到整个陶瓷板，将穿甲弹的打击动能转化为热能散失到空气中、化解穿甲弹的破坏力；
3)采用碳纤维编织袋包裹纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合生料压坯，烧结后碳纤维编织袋在复合陶瓷板表面形成一层完整连续的、高韧性的、耐高温的碳纤维止裂层；该止裂层与碳化硼陶瓷基体通过碳-硼-碳原子键合，没有任何高分子粘合剂，避免了有机高分子粘合剂在高温时老化失效的现象；
4)高导热的碳纤维层，能够快速将穿甲弹/穿甲燃烧的打击复合陶瓷时产生的热量散失到空气中，避免复合防弹甲板局部过热，同时将穿甲弹的打击动能转化为热能散失到空气中、化解穿甲弹的破坏力；
5)将碳化硼陶瓷板上下表面、侧面全方位包覆，能够对陶瓷板全方位限位止裂；
6)芳纶布形成一层芳纶止裂层进一步提高装甲止裂性能，同时芳纶还起到隔热作用，减少热量对超高分子量聚乙烯背板的热老化破坏；
7)超高分子量聚乙烯背板起到拦截穿甲弹碎片的作用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行详细描述，未详细说明的部分均属于常规操作。
实施例1
本实施例涉及一种防御7.62mm穿甲弹复合装甲的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)将921g碳化硼(赛福纳米，粒径小于1μm)、92g纳米碳纤维(苏州第一元素CNTcr)、27g酚醛树脂与1000g高纯水混合，搅拌均匀得到纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合浆料，再经喷雾造粒(喷雾造粒进风口温度为180-200℃，出风口温度为98-110℃)，得到纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合生料；
2)将步骤1制得的复合生料全部装填入碳纤维编织袋内，之后缝合，放置在0.08m2单兵胸插板模具中，350MPa冷压形成生坯，再在50MPa压力下，按一定升温速率加热至2200℃，保温保压20min，热压烧结成5.2mm厚纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合陶瓷板；
3)将步骤2制得的复合陶瓷板、芳纶布(表面涂覆环氧树脂)、与面密度16kg/m2、厚度10mm的超高分子量聚乙烯背板在高温热压罐中以125℃、4MPa条件热压30min，得到防穿甲弹复合装甲。
经测试，纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合陶瓷板的维氏硬度大于35GPa、弯曲强度大于560MPa、断裂韧性大于5.7MPa·m1/2、密度2.49g/cm3、相对密度(致密度)大于99.5％TD；复合装甲经6发M80型7.62x51mm穿甲弹枪击，弹速850m/s，无穿孔，超高分子量聚乙烯背板最大变形量(凹陷)小于25mm，满足防穿甲弹的要求，满足防穿甲弹的要求。
实施例2
本实施例涉及一种防御53式穿甲燃烧弹复合装甲的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)将1595g碳化硼(赛福纳米，粒径小于1μm)，160g纳米碳纤维(苏州第一元素CNTcr)、47g酚醛树脂与1800g高纯水混合，搅拌均匀得到纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合浆料，再经喷雾造粒(喷雾造粒进风口温度为180-200℃，出风口温度为98-110℃)，得到纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合生料；
2)将步骤1制得的复合生料全部装填入碳纤维编织袋内，之后缝合，放置在0.08m2单兵胸插板模具中，350MPa冷压形成生坯，再在50MPa压力下，按一定升温速率加热至2200℃，保温保压20min，热压烧结成9mm厚纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合陶瓷板；
3)将步骤2制得的复合陶瓷板、芳纶布(表面涂覆环氧树脂)、与面密度16kg/m2、厚度15mm的超高分子量聚乙烯背板在高温热压罐中以125℃、4MPa条件热压30min，得到防穿甲燃烧弹复合装甲。
经测试，纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合陶瓷板的维氏硬度大于35GPa、弯曲强度大于560MPa、断裂韧性大于5.7MPa·m1/2、密度2.49g/cm3、相对密度(致密度)大于99.5％TD；复合装甲经3发53式穿甲燃烧弹枪击，弹速890m/s，无穿孔，超高分子量聚乙烯背板最大变形量(凹陷)小于25mm，满足防穿甲燃烧弹的要求。
实施例3
本实施例涉及一种防御12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹复合装甲的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)将2763g碳化硼(赛福纳米，粒径小于1μm)、276g纳米碳纤维(苏州第一元素CNTcr)、81g酚醛树脂与3000g高纯水混合，搅拌均匀得到纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合浆料，再经喷雾造粒(喷雾造粒进风口温度为180-200℃，出风口温度为98-110℃)，得到纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合生料；
2)将步骤1制得的复合生料全部装填入碳纤维编织袋内，之后缝合，放置在0.08m2单兵胸插板模具中，350MPa冷压形成生坯，再在50MPa压力下，按一定升温速率加热至2200℃，保温保压20min，热压烧结成15mm厚纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合陶瓷板；
3)将步骤2制得的复合陶瓷板、芳纶布(表面涂覆环氧树脂)、与面密度16kg/m2、厚度15mm的超高分子量聚乙烯背板在高温热压罐中以125℃、4MPa条件热压30min，得到防穿甲燃烧弹复合装甲。
经测试，纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合陶瓷板的维氏硬度大于35GPa、弯曲强度大于560MPa、断裂韧性大于5.7MPa·m1/2、密度2.49g/cm3、相对密度(致密度)大于99.5％TD；复合装甲经3发12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹枪击，弹速870m/s，无穿孔，超高分子量聚乙烯背板与最大变形量(凹陷)小于25mm，满足防穿甲燃烧弹的要求。
需要强调的是：以上仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种防弹复合装甲的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1)将碳化硼、纳米碳纤维、酚醛树脂按一定重量比例与高纯水混合，搅拌均匀得到复合浆料，再经喷雾造粒，得到复合生料；
2)将步骤1制得的复合生料装填入碳纤维编织袋内，之后缝合，放置在模具中，冷压形成生坯，再经高温热压烧结，得到复合陶瓷板，复合陶瓷板外层有连续均匀的碳纤维止裂层；
3)将步骤2制得的复合陶瓷板(凹面)、芳纶纤维布，超高分子量聚乙烯背板(凸面)紧密吻合、在高温热压罐中热压复合，得到防弹复合装甲。
2.根据权利要求1所述防弹复合装甲的制备方法，其特征是，所述碳化硼、纳米碳纤维、酚醛树脂按重量比例为100：5～15：1～5。
3.根据权利要求2所述防弹复合装甲的制备方法，其特征是，所述碳化硼粒径小于5μm；纳米碳纤维长度5～20μm、直径50～200nm、纤维导热系数大于1200W/m·k；酚醛树脂残碳率大于50％(1000℃，惰性环境)，剪切强度大于312MPa，游离酚小于0.3％。
4.根据权利要求1所述防弹复合装甲的制备方法，其特征是，所述碳纤维编织袋由碳纤维编织而成，厚度0.16～0.28mm，单位面积重量125-198g/m2，斜纹；编织袋以复合陶瓷板成品形状为模型编织；碳纤维轴向导热系数大于30W/m·k。
5.根据权利要求1所述防弹复合装甲的制备方法，其特征是，所述冷压形成生坯，生坯的压实密度为1.5～2.0g/cm3，复合生料的重量＝粉体压实密度*陶瓷板厚度*模具截面积；烧结后复合陶瓷板的厚度为5～15mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述防弹复合装甲的制备方法，其特征是，所述热压烧结温度1800～2200℃，压力30-60MPa，保压烧结时间10～30min。
7.根据权利要求1所述防弹复合装甲的制备方法，其特征是，所述芳纶纤维布，厚度0.5～1mm，斜纹；表面涂有环氧树脂胶。
8.根据权利要求1所述防弹复合装甲的制备方法，其特征是，所述超高分子量聚乙烯背板的面密度为16～20kg/m2，厚度5～20mm。
9.根据权利要求1所述防弹复合装甲的制备方法，其特征是，所述高温热压罐中热压复合温度120～150℃，压力3-5MPa，保温0.5-1h。
10.一种防弹复合装甲，其特征在于，采用权利要求1-9任一项方法制得，结构为碳纤维层/碳化硼陶瓷层/碳纤维层/芳纶纤维层/超高分子量聚乙烯背板；其中碳纤维层对碳化硼陶瓷是全方位的限位止裂包覆。
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