CN111319318A - 防弹复合装甲及其制备方法 - Google Patents
防弹复合装甲及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种防弹复合装甲及其制备方法,属于复合材料技术领域。该防弹复合装甲的制备方法包括以下步骤:1)将碳化硼、高导热纳米碳纤维、酚醛树脂与高纯水混合,搅拌均匀得到复合浆料,再经喷雾造粒,得到复合生料;2)将步骤1制得的复合生料装填入碳纤维编织袋内,之后缝合,放置在模具中,冷压形成生坯,生坯再经高温热压烧结成复合陶瓷板;3)将步骤2制得的复合陶瓷板、芳纶纤维布、超高分子量聚乙烯背板在高温热压罐中热压复合,得到防弹复合装甲。本发明能够对陶瓷板全方位限位止裂,并且增加了止裂层的耐高温性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种复合材料领域的技术,具体是一种防弹复合装甲及其制备方法。
背景技术
相比氧化铝、氧化锆、碳化硅,碳化硼具有更低的密度、更高的硬度、强度、弹性模量等优良的性能,已在防弹装甲领域逐步替代上述材料。但其抗弯强度和断裂韧性仍然较低,脆性较大,因此限制了碳化硼陶瓷的应用。
中国专利文献号为CN101671193A的申请公开了一种碳纤维/碳化硼复合陶瓷及其制备方法,其中碳化硼的质量占45%-60%,碳纤维占40%-55%。该发明利用碳纤维的增韧性能,在单一碳化硼材料的基础上提高了硬度和断裂韧性10%-50%。该方法使用的碳纤维含量过高,从而导致碳化硼陶瓷的硬度大幅度降低,难以抵抗硬质弾芯穿甲弹的打击。
中国专利文献号为CN108859357A的申请公开了一种可防御12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料,该材料由聚脲层、芳纶层、石墨烯增韧碳化硼陶瓷层以及PE层通过高分子粘结而成。穿甲燃烧弹的打击下,高分子粘结剂容易老化失效,致使陶瓷表面粘结的芳纶布的止裂作用消失,该复合材料无法抵御后续穿甲燃烧弹的打击,不能满足复合防弹甲板抵御多次枪击的需求。
为了解决现有技术存在的上述问题,本发明由此而来。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的上述不足,提出了一种防弹复合装甲及其制备方法,能够对陶瓷板全方位限位止裂,并且增加了止裂层的耐高温性能。
本发明涉及一种防弹复合装甲的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将碳化硼、纳米碳纤维、酚醛树脂按一定重量比例与高纯水混合,搅拌均匀得到复合浆料,再经喷雾造粒(喷雾造粒进风口温度为180-200℃,出风口温度为98-110℃),得到复合生料;
2)将步骤1制得的复合生料装填入碳纤维编织袋内,之后缝合,放置在模具中,冷压形成生坯,再经高温热压烧结,得到复合陶瓷板,复合陶瓷板外层包裹有碳纤维止裂层;
3)将步骤2制得的复合陶瓷板(凹面)、芳纶布、超高分子量聚乙烯背板(凸面)紧密吻合、在高温热压罐中热压复合,得到防弹复合装甲。
优选地,所述碳化硼、纳米碳纤维、酚醛树脂按重量比例为100:5~15:1~5。
优选地,所述碳化硼粒径小于5μm;
优选地,所述纳米碳纤维长度5~20μm,直径50~200nm,纤维导热系数大于1200W/m·k;
优选地,所述酚醛树脂残碳率大于50%(1000℃,惰性环境),剪切强度大于312MPa,游离酚小于0.3%。
优选地,所述碳纤维编织袋由碳纤维编织而成,厚度0.16~0.28mm,单位面积重量125~198g/m2,斜纹;编织袋以复合陶瓷板成品形状为模型编织;碳纤维导热系数大于30W/mk;
优选地,所述冷压形成生坯,生坯的压实密度为1.5~2.0g/cm3,所得生坯重量=粉体压实密度*压实厚度*模具横截面积;
优选地,所述热压烧结温度1800~2200℃,压力30~60MPa,保压烧结时间10~30min;
优选地,所述芳纶布厚度0.5~1mm,斜纹;芳纶表面涂覆有环氧树脂;
优选地,所述超高分子量聚乙烯背板的面密度为16~20kg/m2,厚度5~20mm;
优选地,所述高温热压罐中热压复合温度120~150℃,压力3~5MPa,保温0.5~1h;
本发明涉及一种防弹复合装甲,采用上述方法制备得到,所述防弹复合装甲的结构为碳纤维层/碳化硼陶瓷层/碳纤维层/芳纶纤维层/超高分子量聚乙烯背板;其中碳纤维层对碳化硼陶瓷是全方位的限位止裂包覆。
技术效果
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下技术效果:
1)采用纳米碳纤维与碳化硼复合,纳米碳纤维很容易在碳化硼基体中实现均匀分散;纳米碳纤维在陶瓷烧结过程中抑制晶粒的长大,起到提高韧性、提高硬度的作用;
2)高导热的纳米碳纤维,大幅提高了纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合陶瓷自身的导热散热、均温的能力;能够快速将穿甲弹/穿甲燃烧打击复合陶瓷时产生的热量(能量)迅速传导到整个陶瓷板,将穿甲弹的打击动能转化为热能散失到空气中、化解穿甲弹的破坏力;
3)采用碳纤维编织袋包裹纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合生料压坯,烧结后碳纤维编织袋在复合陶瓷板表面形成一层完整连续的、高韧性的、耐高温的碳纤维止裂层;该止裂层与碳化硼陶瓷基体通过碳-硼-碳原子键合,没有任何高分子粘合剂,避免了有机高分子粘合剂在高温时老化失效的现象;
4)高导热的碳纤维层,能够快速将穿甲弹/穿甲燃烧的打击复合陶瓷时产生的热量散失到空气中,避免复合防弹甲板局部过热,同时将穿甲弹的打击动能转化为热能散失到空气中、化解穿甲弹的破坏力;
5)将碳化硼陶瓷板上下表面、侧面全方位包覆,能够对陶瓷板全方位限位止裂;
6)芳纶布形成一层芳纶止裂层进一步提高装甲止裂性能,同时芳纶还起到隔热作用,减少热量对超高分子量聚乙烯背板的热老化破坏;
7)超高分子量聚乙烯背板起到拦截穿甲弹碎片的作用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行详细描述,未详细说明的部分均属于常规操作。
实施例1
本实施例涉及一种防御7.62mm穿甲弹复合装甲的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将921g碳化硼(赛福纳米,粒径小于1μm)、92g纳米碳纤维(苏州第一元素CNTcr)、27g酚醛树脂与1000g高纯水混合,搅拌均匀得到纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合浆料,再经喷雾造粒(喷雾造粒进风口温度为180-200℃,出风口温度为98-110℃),得到纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合生料;
2)将步骤1制得的复合生料全部装填入碳纤维编织袋内,之后缝合,放置在0.08m2单兵胸插板模具中,350MPa冷压形成生坯,再在50MPa压力下,按一定升温速率加热至2200℃,保温保压20min,热压烧结成5.2mm厚纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合陶瓷板;
3)将步骤2制得的复合陶瓷板、芳纶布(表面涂覆环氧树脂)、与面密度16kg/m2、厚度10mm的超高分子量聚乙烯背板在高温热压罐中以125℃、4MPa条件热压30min,得到防穿甲弹复合装甲。
经测试,纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合陶瓷板的维氏硬度大于35GPa、弯曲强度大于560MPa、断裂韧性大于5.7MPa·m1/2、密度2.49g/cm3、相对密度(致密度)大于99.5%TD;复合装甲经6发M80型7.62x51mm穿甲弹枪击,弹速850m/s,无穿孔,超高分子量聚乙烯背板最大变形量(凹陷)小于25mm,满足防穿甲弹的要求,满足防穿甲弹的要求。
实施例2
本实施例涉及一种防御53式穿甲燃烧弹复合装甲的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将1595g碳化硼(赛福纳米,粒径小于1μm),160g纳米碳纤维(苏州第一元素CNTcr)、47g酚醛树脂与1800g高纯水混合,搅拌均匀得到纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合浆料,再经喷雾造粒(喷雾造粒进风口温度为180-200℃,出风口温度为98-110℃),得到纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合生料;
2)将步骤1制得的复合生料全部装填入碳纤维编织袋内,之后缝合,放置在0.08m2单兵胸插板模具中,350MPa冷压形成生坯,再在50MPa压力下,按一定升温速率加热至2200℃,保温保压20min,热压烧结成9mm厚纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合陶瓷板;
3)将步骤2制得的复合陶瓷板、芳纶布(表面涂覆环氧树脂)、与面密度16kg/m2、厚度15mm的超高分子量聚乙烯背板在高温热压罐中以125℃、4MPa条件热压30min,得到防穿甲燃烧弹复合装甲。
经测试,纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合陶瓷板的维氏硬度大于35GPa、弯曲强度大于560MPa、断裂韧性大于5.7MPa·m1/2、密度2.49g/cm3、相对密度(致密度)大于99.5%TD;复合装甲经3发53式穿甲燃烧弹枪击,弹速890m/s,无穿孔,超高分子量聚乙烯背板最大变形量(凹陷)小于25mm,满足防穿甲燃烧弹的要求。
实施例3
本实施例涉及一种防御12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹复合装甲的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将2763g碳化硼(赛福纳米,粒径小于1μm)、276g纳米碳纤维(苏州第一元素CNTcr)、81g酚醛树脂与3000g高纯水混合,搅拌均匀得到纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合浆料,再经喷雾造粒(喷雾造粒进风口温度为180-200℃,出风口温度为98-110℃),得到纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合生料;
2)将步骤1制得的复合生料全部装填入碳纤维编织袋内,之后缝合,放置在0.08m2单兵胸插板模具中,350MPa冷压形成生坯,再在50MPa压力下,按一定升温速率加热至2200℃,保温保压20min,热压烧结成15mm厚纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合陶瓷板;
3)将步骤2制得的复合陶瓷板、芳纶布(表面涂覆环氧树脂)、与面密度16kg/m2、厚度15mm的超高分子量聚乙烯背板在高温热压罐中以125℃、4MPa条件热压30min,得到防穿甲燃烧弹复合装甲。
经测试,纳米碳纤维-碳化硼复合陶瓷板的维氏硬度大于35GPa、弯曲强度大于560MPa、断裂韧性大于5.7MPa·m1/2、密度2.49g/cm3、相对密度(致密度)大于99.5%TD;复合装甲经3发12.7mm穿甲燃烧弹枪击,弹速870m/s,无穿孔,超高分子量聚乙烯背板与最大变形量(凹陷)小于25mm,满足防穿甲燃烧弹的要求。
需要强调的是:以上仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种防弹复合装甲的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)将碳化硼、纳米碳纤维、酚醛树脂按一定重量比例与高纯水混合,搅拌均匀得到复合浆料,再经喷雾造粒,得到复合生料;
2)将步骤1制得的复合生料装填入碳纤维编织袋内,之后缝合,放置在模具中,冷压形成生坯,再经高温热压烧结,得到复合陶瓷板,复合陶瓷板外层有连续均匀的碳纤维止裂层;
3)将步骤2制得的复合陶瓷板(凹面)、芳纶纤维布,超高分子量聚乙烯背板(凸面)紧密吻合、在高温热压罐中热压复合,得到防弹复合装甲。
2.根据权利要求1所述防弹复合装甲的制备方法,其特征是,所述碳化硼、纳米碳纤维、酚醛树脂按重量比例为100:5~15:1~5。
3.根据权利要求2所述防弹复合装甲的制备方法,其特征是,所述碳化硼粒径小于5μm;纳米碳纤维长度5~20μm、直径50~200nm、纤维导热系数大于1200W/m·k;酚醛树脂残碳率大于50%(1000℃,惰性环境),剪切强度大于312MPa,游离酚小于0.3%。
4.根据权利要求1所述防弹复合装甲的制备方法,其特征是,所述碳纤维编织袋由碳纤维编织而成,厚度0.16~0.28mm,单位面积重量125-198g/m2,斜纹;编织袋以复合陶瓷板成品形状为模型编织;碳纤维轴向导热系数大于30W/m·k。
5.根据权利要求1所述防弹复合装甲的制备方法,其特征是,所述冷压形成生坯,生坯的压实密度为1.5~2.0g/cm3,复合生料的重量=粉体压实密度*陶瓷板厚度*模具截面积;烧结后复合陶瓷板的厚度为5~15mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述防弹复合装甲的制备方法,其特征是,所述热压烧结温度1800~2200℃,压力30-60MPa,保压烧结时间10~30min。
7.根据权利要求1所述防弹复合装甲的制备方法,其特征是,所述芳纶纤维布,厚度0.5~1mm,斜纹;表面涂有环氧树脂胶。
8.根据权利要求1所述防弹复合装甲的制备方法,其特征是,所述超高分子量聚乙烯背板的面密度为16~20kg/m2,厚度5~20mm。
9.根据权利要求1所述防弹复合装甲的制备方法,其特征是,所述高温热压罐中热压复合温度120~150℃,压力3-5MPa,保温0.5-1h。
10.一种防弹复合装甲,其特征在于,采用权利要求1-9任一项方法制得,结构为碳纤维层/碳化硼陶瓷层/碳纤维层/芳纶纤维层/超高分子量聚乙烯背板;其中碳纤维层对碳化硼陶瓷是全方位的限位止裂包覆。
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