CN108656691A - 一种可防御7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料 - Google Patents

一种可防御7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料 Download PDF

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CN108656691A
CN108656691A CN201810639032.4A CN201810639032A CN108656691A CN 108656691 A CN108656691 A CN 108656691A CN 201810639032 A CN201810639032 A CN 201810639032A CN 108656691 A CN108656691 A CN 108656691A
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layer
armor
defensive
ceramic
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崔毅
方宁象
赵立
徐斌桓
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Zhejiang Li Tai Composite Ltd Co
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Abstract

本发明提供一种可防御7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料，该材料包括聚脲层、芳纶层、陶瓷层以及PE层，所述芳纶层、陶瓷层以及PE层自上而下依序排列且通过粘结剂粘合在一起形成中间层，在该中间层的上表面和下表面喷涂有聚脲层；其中，聚脲层的厚度为0.5mm，芳纶层为0.5mm，陶瓷层为7mm，PE层为8mm。

Description

一种可防御7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料
技术领域
本发明属于陶瓷材料领域，具体涉及一种可防御7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前，国内外对直升机防弹需求不断提升，要求飞机上装配有防各种口径枪弹的装甲材料，同时由于重量载荷的限制，对轻质防弹装甲的减重提出了更高的要求，因此装甲材料的面密度越小越好，先进陶瓷材料由于硬度大、密度相对小、防弹性能高，逐渐在防弹材料领域占据主流，使用最广的三种陶瓷是氧化铝、碳化硅和碳化硼，其中碳化硼在三种陶瓷材料中硬度最高、密度最轻，是直升机防弹材料最有潜力的选择。
尽管碳化硼具有高硬度、高强度、高弹性模量、低密度等优良性能，但其抗弯强度和断裂韧性较低，脆性较大，因此抗多发弹能力较差。为了弥补B4C陶瓷的脆性这一劣势，因此需要对B4C陶瓷进行增强、增韧的改性措施。陶瓷材料的增强途径主要有：①颗粒增强；②纤维增强；③石墨烯增强；④层状复合结构增强等方法。CN2017106761828公开了一种石墨烯/ 碳化硼陶瓷复合材料，即为石墨烯增强碳化硼陶瓷材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种可防御7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料，该材料包括聚脲层、芳纶层、陶瓷层以及PE层，所述芳纶层、陶瓷层以及PE层自上而下依序排列且通过粘接剂粘合在一起形成中间层，在该中间层的上表面和下表面喷涂有聚脲层；其中，聚脲层的厚度为0.5mm，芳纶层为0.5mm，陶瓷层为7mm，PE层为8mm。
作为优选，所述芳纶层由3层机织布刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合而成。
作为优选，所述陶瓷为石墨烯增韧碳化硼陶瓷。
作为优选，PE层为超高分子量聚乙烯层压板。
作为优选，所述芳纶层、陶瓷层、PE层的界面刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合。
作为优选，该材料为正方形。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种可防御7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料的制备方法，该方法包括如下步骤：
步骤1)将3层机织布刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合形成芳纶层；
步骤2)陶瓷层为石墨烯增韧碳化硼陶瓷层，所述石墨烯增韧碳化硼陶瓷经过以下方法制备得到：在碳化硼基体中添加1～3Wt％的氧化石墨烯，采用超声分散+机械搅拌方法进行造粒，致密化过程采用热压烧结，最高热压温度2000℃，保温得到石墨烯增韧碳化硼陶瓷层；
步骤3)芳纶层、陶瓷层、PE层的界面刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合，产品在室温空气中静置后，再在热压罐中热压复合。
步骤4)热压罐中出炉后，表面用砂轮打磨平整，再在表面喷涂聚脲形成聚脲层。
作为优选，所述PE层由面密度为8kg/m2的PE UD布经平板硫化机热压而成。
作为优选，步骤4)中的热压工艺条件：最高热压空气温度125±2℃，保温1h，气压2.3 ±0.1MPa。
本发明提供的可防御7.62mmmm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料可防御7.62mm穿甲，其拥有的表面厚聚脲层，具有耐磨、防水、防生锈、防霉等优势；芳纶层为0.5mm，由3层机织布刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合而成，起缓冲弹头和陶瓷止裂作用；
另外，本发明进一步采用石墨烯增强碳化硼陶瓷材料，使用的氧化石墨烯微观结构出现多处褶皱，这种褶皱能够起到石墨烯与碳化硼基体产生锁合效应，进而提高基体与石墨烯之间的应力传递效率。裂纹扩展到石墨烯处发生了偏转，很好地起到了阻碍裂纹的作用。石墨烯由于其比表面积较大，可以有与B4C基体更高的结合面积，使得其和B4C晶粒之间结合的更加紧密，以至于石墨烯的拔出能够吸收更多的能量，从而使得复合材料的强度得到增强。本发明提供的可有效防御7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹，射距100m，枪弹初速810±10m/s。
附图说明
图1为实施例2提供的正方形碳化硼整板的结构示意图；
图2为本发明提供的可防御7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料的结构是示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1一种可防御7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料
如图1所示，该可防御7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料为边长为310±2mm的正方形，厚度为16.5mm。
如图2所示，一种可防御7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料，该材料包括聚脲层、芳纶层2、陶瓷层以3及PE层4，所述芳纶层、陶瓷层以及PE层自上而下依序排列且通过粘接剂粘合在一起形成中间层，在该中间层的上表面和下表面喷涂有聚脲层1,5；其中，聚脲层1,5的厚度为0.5mm，芳纶层为0.5mm，陶瓷层为7mm，PE层为18mm；所述芳纶层由多层机织布刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合而成。所述陶瓷为石墨烯增韧碳化硼陶瓷。PE层为超高分子量聚乙烯层压板。
所述芳纶层2、陶瓷层以3及PE层4的界面刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合。
实施例2一种可防御7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料的制备方法
如图1所示，外形尺寸为边长为310±2mm的正方形，厚16.5mm。该材料由5层材料组合而成。其中，上表面和下表面喷涂0.5mm厚聚脲层，具有耐磨、防水、防生锈、防霉等优点；如图2中1,5层；
一种可防御7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤1)芳纶层为0.5mm，由3层机织布刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合而成，起缓冲弹头和陶瓷止裂作用，如图2中第2层。
步骤2)陶瓷层为7mm厚度的石墨烯增韧碳化硼陶瓷，如图中第3层，尺寸为边长为310±2mm的正方形碳化硼整板。采用真空热压方法制备。工艺如下：在碳化硼基体中添加1—3Wt％的氧化石墨烯，采用超声分散+机械搅拌方法进行造粒，超声分散12h，机械搅拌6h，致密化过程采用热压烧结，最高热压温度2000℃，保温2h。石墨烯改性抗弹陶瓷密度：2.52±0.01g/cm3，硬度：＞3400HV，抗弯强度：＞550MPa，断裂韧性：＞5MPa.m1/2。其中，石墨烯增韧碳化硼陶瓷的制备方法在现有技术中已有多处公开，本发明提供的制备方法步骤少，工艺简单；
PE层为8mm超高分子量聚乙烯层压板，如图中第4层，由面密度为8kg/m2的PE UD布经平板硫化机热压而成。
步骤3)芳纶层、陶瓷层、PE层的界面刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合，产品在室温空气中静置 12小时后，再在热压罐中热压复合，进一步提高界面的结合程度，进而增强防弹效果，热压工艺：最高热压空气温度125±2℃，保温1h，气压2.3±0.1MPa。
步骤4)热压罐中出炉后，表面用砂轮打磨平整，再在表面喷涂聚脲。
如图2所示，将实施例2得到的材料进行放防弹能力测试，可有效防御7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹，射距100m，枪弹初速810±10m/s。
应当指出，以上实施例仅是本发明的代表性例子。本发明还可以有许多变形。凡是依据本发明的实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均应认为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种可防御7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料，其特征在于：该材料包括聚脲层(1,5)、芳纶层(2)、陶瓷层(3)以及PE层(4)，所述芳纶层(2)、陶瓷层(3)以及PE层(4)自上而下依序排列且通过粘结剂粘合在一起形成中间层，在该中间层的上表面和下表面喷涂有聚脲层；其中，聚脲层的厚度为0.5mm，芳纶层为0.5mm，陶瓷层为7mm，PE层为8mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可防御7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料，其特征在于：所述芳纶层由3层机织布刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合而成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可防御7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料，其特征在于：所述陶瓷为石墨烯增韧碳化硼陶瓷。
4.根据权利要求1所述的可防御7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料，其特征在于：PE层为超高分子量聚乙烯层压板。
5.根据权利要求1所述的可防御7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料，其特征在于：所述芳纶层、陶瓷层、PE层的界面刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的可防御7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料，其特征在于：该材料为正方形。
7.根据权利要求1所述的可防御7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：该方法包括如下步骤：
步骤1)将3层机织布刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合形成芳纶层；
步骤2)陶瓷层为石墨烯增韧碳化硼陶瓷层，所述石墨烯增韧碳化硼陶瓷经过以下方法制备得到：在碳化硼基体中添加1～3Wt％的氧化石墨烯，采用超声分散+机械搅拌方法进行造粒，，致密化过程采用热压烧结，最高热压温度2000℃，保温得到石墨烯增韧碳化硼陶瓷层；
步骤3)芳纶层、陶瓷层、PE层的界面刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合，产品在室温空气中静置后，再在热压罐中热压复合。
步骤4)热压罐中出炉后，表面用砂轮打磨平整，再在表面喷涂聚脲形成聚脲层。
8.根据权利要求7所述的可防御7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述PE层由面密度为8kg/m2的PE UD布经平板硫化机热压而成。
9.根据权利要求6所述的可防御7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤4)中的热压工艺条件：最高热压空气温度125±2℃，保温1h，气压2.3±0.1MPa。
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