CN108688270A - 一种可防御14.5mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料 - Google Patents
一种可防御14.5mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种可防御14.5mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料,该材料包括聚脲层、芳纶层、陶瓷层以及PE层,所述芳纶层、陶瓷层以及PE层自上而下依序排列且通过粘接结剂粘合在一起形成中间层,在该中间层的上表面和下表面喷涂有聚脲层;其中,聚脲层的厚度为1mm,芳纶层为2mm,陶瓷层为20mm,PE层为25mm。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于陶瓷材料领域,具体涉及一种可防御14.5mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前,国内外对直升机防弹需求不断提升,要求飞机上装配有防各种口径枪弹的装甲材料,同时由于重量载荷的限制,对轻质防弹装甲的减重提出了更高的要求,因此装甲材料的面密度越小越好,先进陶瓷材料由于硬度大、密度相对小、防弹性能高,逐渐在防弹材料领域占据主流,使用最广的三种陶瓷是氧化铝、碳化硅和碳化硼,其中碳化硼在三种陶瓷材料中硬度最高、密度最轻,是直升机防弹材料最有潜力的选择。
尽管碳化硼具有高硬度、高强度、高弹性模量、低密度等优良性能,但其抗弯强度和断裂韧性较低,脆性较大,因此抗多发弹能力较差。为了弥补B4C陶瓷的脆性这一劣势,因此需要对B4C陶瓷进行增强、增韧的改性措施。陶瓷材料的增强途径主要有:①颗粒增强;②纤维增强;③石墨烯增强;④层状复合结构增强等方法。CN2017106761828公开了一种石墨烯/碳化硼陶瓷复合材料,即为石墨烯增强碳化硼陶瓷材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种可防御14.5mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料,该材料包括聚脲层、芳纶层、陶瓷层以及PE层,所述芳纶层、陶瓷层以及PE层自上而下依序排列且通过粘接剂粘合在一起形成中间层,在该中间层的上表面和下表面喷涂有聚脲层;其中,聚脲层的厚度为1mm,芳纶层为2mm,陶瓷层为20mm,PE层为25mm。
作为优选,所述芳纶层由12层机织布刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合而成。
作为优选,所述陶瓷为石墨烯增韧碳化硼陶瓷。
作为优选,PE层为超高分子量聚乙烯层压板。
作为优选,所述芳纶层、陶瓷层、PE层的界面刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合。
作为优选,该材料为正方形。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种可防御14.5mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料的制备方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
步骤1)将12层机织布刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合形成芳纶层;
步骤2)陶瓷层为石墨烯增韧碳化硼陶瓷层,所述石墨烯增韧碳化硼陶瓷经过以下方法制备得到:在碳化硼基体中添加1~3Wt%的氧化石墨烯,采用超声分散+机械搅拌方法进行造粒,超声分散,机械搅拌6h,致密化过程采用热压烧结,最高热压温度2000℃,保温得到石墨烯增韧碳化硼陶瓷层;
步骤3)芳纶层、陶瓷层、PE层的界面刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合,产品在室温空气中静置后,再在热压罐中热压复合。
步骤4)热压罐中出炉后,表面用砂轮打磨平整,再在表面喷涂聚脲形成聚脲层。
作为优选,所述PE层由面密度为25kg/m2的PE UD布经平板硫化机热压而成。
作为优选,步骤4)中的热压工艺条件:最高热压空气温度125±2℃,保温1h,气压2.3±0.1MPa。
本发明提供的可防御14.5mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料可防御14.5mm穿甲,其拥有的表面厚聚脲层,具有耐磨、防水、防生锈、防霉等优势;芳纶层为2mm,由12层机织布刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合而成,起缓冲弹头和陶瓷止裂作用;
另外,本发明进一步采用石墨烯增强碳化硼陶瓷材料,使用的氧化石墨烯微观结构出现多处褶皱,这种褶皱能够起到石墨烯与碳化硼基体产生锁合效应,进而提高基体与石墨烯之间的应力传递效率。裂纹扩展到石墨烯处发生了偏转,很好地起到了阻碍裂纹的作用。石墨烯由于其比表面积较大,可以有与B4C基体更高的结合面积,使得其和B4C晶粒之间结合的更加紧密,以至于石墨烯的拔出能够吸收更多的能量,从而使得复合材料的强度得到增强。本发明提供的可有效防御14.5mm穿甲燃烧弹,射距100m,枪弹初速970±10m/s。
附图说明
图1为实施例2提供的正方形碳化硼整板的结构示意图;
图2为本发明提供的可防御14.5mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料的结构是示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1一种可防御14.5mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料
如图1所示,该可防御14.5mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料为边长为310±2mm的正方形,厚度为35mm。
如图2所示,一种可防御14.5mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料,该材料包括聚脲层、芳纶层2、陶瓷层以3及PE层4,所述芳纶层、陶瓷层以及PE层自上而下依序排列且通过粘接剂粘合在一起形成中间层,在该中间层的上表面和下表面喷涂有聚脲层1,5;其中,聚脲层1,5的厚度为1mm,芳纶层为2mm,陶瓷层为20mm,PE层为25mm;所述芳纶层由多层机织布刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合而成。所述陶瓷为石墨烯增韧碳化硼陶瓷。PE层为超高分子量聚乙烯层压板。
所述芳纶层2、陶瓷层以3及PE层4的界面刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合。
实施例2一种可防御14.5mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料的制备方法
如图1所示,外形尺寸为边长为310±2mm的正方形,厚49mm。该材料由5层材料组合而成。其中,上表面和下表面喷涂1mm厚聚脲层,具有耐磨、防水、防生锈、防霉等优点;如图2中1,5层;
一种可防御14.5mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1)芳纶层为2mm,由12层机织布刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合而成,起缓冲弹头和陶瓷止裂作用,如图2中第2层。
步骤2)陶瓷层为20mm厚度的石墨烯增韧碳化硼陶瓷,如图中第3层,尺寸为边长为310±2mm的正方形碳化硼整板。采用真空热压方法制备。工艺如下:在碳化硼基体中添加1—3Wt%的氧化石墨烯,采用超声分散+机械搅拌方法进行造粒,超声分散12h,机械搅拌6h,致密化过程采用热压烧结,最高热压温度2000℃,保温2.5h。石墨烯改性抗弹陶瓷密度:2.52±0.01g/cm3,硬度:>3400HV,抗弯强度:>550MPa,断裂韧性:>5MPa.m1/2。其中,石墨烯增韧碳化硼陶瓷的制备方法在现有技术中已有多处公开,本发明提供的制备方法步骤少,工艺简单;
PE层为25mm超高分子量聚乙烯层压板,如图中第4层,由面密度为25kg/m2的PE UD布经平板硫化机热压而成。
步骤3)芳纶层、陶瓷层、PE层的界面刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合,产品在室温空气中静置12小时后,再在热压罐中热压复合,进一步提高界面的结合程度,进而增强防弹效果,热压工艺:最高热压空气温度125±2℃,保温2.5h,气压2.3±0.1MPa。
步骤4)热压罐中出炉后,表面用砂轮打磨平整,再在表面喷涂聚脲。
如图2所示,将实施例2得到的材料进行放防弹能力测试,可有效防御14.5mm穿甲燃烧弹,射距100m,枪弹初速970±10m/s。
Claims (9)
1.一种可防御14..5mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料,其特征在于:该材料包括聚脲层(1,5)、芳纶层(2)、陶瓷层(3)以及PE层(4),所述芳纶层(2)、陶瓷层(3)以及PE层(4)自上而下依序排列且通过粘接剂粘合在一起形成中间层,在该中间层的上表面和下表面喷涂有聚脲层;其中,聚脲层的厚度为1mm,芳纶层为2mm,陶瓷层为20mm,PE层为25mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可防御14.5mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料,其特征在于:所述芳纶层由12层机织布刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合而成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可防御14.5mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料,其特征在于:所述陶瓷为石墨烯增韧碳化硼陶瓷。
4.根据权利要求1所述的可防御14.5mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料,其特征在于:PE层为超高分子量聚乙烯层压板。
5.根据权利要求1所述的可防御14.5mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料,其特征在于:所述芳纶层、陶瓷层、PE层的界面刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的可防御14.5mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料,其特征在于:该材料为正方形。
7.根据权利要求1所述的可防御14.5mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:该方法包括如下步骤:
步骤1)将12层机织布刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合形成芳纶层;
步骤2)陶瓷层为石墨烯增韧碳化硼陶瓷层,所述石墨烯增韧碳化硼陶瓷经过以下方法制备得到:在碳化硼基体中添加1~3Wt%的氧化石墨烯,采用超声分散+机械搅拌方法进行造粒,超声分散,机械搅拌6h,致密化过程采用热压烧结,最高热压温度2000℃,保温得到石墨烯增韧碳化硼陶瓷层;
步骤3)芳纶层、陶瓷层、PE层的界面刷环氧树脂粘结剂结合,产品在室温空气中静置后,再在热压罐中热压复合。
步骤4)热压罐中出炉后,表面用砂轮打磨平整,再在表面喷涂聚脲形成聚脲层。
8.根据权利要求7所述的可防御14.5mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述PE层由面密度为25kg/m2的PE UD布经平板硫化机热压而成。
9.根据权利要求6所述的可防御14.5mm穿甲燃烧弹陶瓷基复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤4)中的热压工艺条件:最高热压空气温度125±2℃,保温1h,气压2.3±0.1MPa。
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