CN113924961A - Nutrient solution zero-discharge planting method for guaranteeing cucumber quality based on coconut chaff cultivation - Google Patents
Nutrient solution zero-discharge planting method for guaranteeing cucumber quality based on coconut chaff cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- CN113924961A CN113924961A CN202111234405.8A CN202111234405A CN113924961A CN 113924961 A CN113924961 A CN 113924961A CN 202111234405 A CN202111234405 A CN 202111234405A CN 113924961 A CN113924961 A CN 113924961A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting, and discloses a nutrient solution zero-discharge planting method for guaranteeing the quality of cucumbers based on coconut husk cultivation, aiming at solving the problem that rhizomes of the cucumbers are soaked in water for a long time to cause oxygen deficiency and rot during cucumber cultivation by using a liquid matrix at present, wherein the nutrient solution zero-discharge planting method comprises the following steps: placing the seedling coconut husk pieces into a seedbed nutrient solution to soak for one day; soaking cucumber seeds at room temperature, putting the soaked cucumber seeds into an incubator for germination acceleration, sowing the cucumber seeds into coconut husk blocks after the germination acceleration to complete field planting, covering a coconut husk substrate with the thickness of 10-20mm, covering a film to preserve moisture, uncovering the film after seedling emergence, keeping the temperature of a greenhouse, and normally irrigating nutrient solution within two weeks after the field planting. The invention utilizes the coconut chaff as the substrate for culturing the cucumber, thereby solving the problems that the moisture content of the liquid substrate is too high, and the rootstocks of the cucumber are soaked in water for a long time to cause oxygen deficiency and rot in the prior art; and the growth quality of the cucumber is ensured, and the zero discharge of the nutrient solution is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting, in particular to a nutrient solution zero-discharge planting method for guaranteeing cucumber quality based on coconut husk cultivation.
Background
The cucumber is one of the main vegetables in summer in all parts of China, is warm in taste and not cold-tolerant, is generally cultivated in all parts of China, and is cultivated in greenhouses or plastic greenhouses in many areas.
Coconut chaff is coconut husk fiber powder, is a coconut byproduct or waste after processing, and is a pure natural organic matter medium dropped from the processing process of coconut husk fiber. The processed coconut coir is very suitable for cultivating plants.
The traditional soilless culture technology for the cucumbers utilizes a liquid matrix to grow seedlings, discharges liquid at fixed time and replaces new liquid, and when the cucumbers are cultured by the liquid matrix, the roots and stems of the cucumbers are soaked in water for a long time to cause oxygen deficiency and rot.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a nutrient solution zero-discharge planting method for ensuring the quality of cucumbers based on coconut husk cultivation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a nutrient solution zero-emission planting method for guaranteeing cucumber quality based on coconut chaff cultivation comprises the following steps:
step 1: placing the seedling coconut husk pieces into a seedbed nutrient solution to soak for one day;
step 2: soaking cucumber seeds at room temperature, putting the soaked cucumber seeds into an incubator for germination acceleration, sowing the cucumber seeds into coconut husk blocks after the germination acceleration to complete field planting, covering a coconut husk substrate with the thickness of 10-20mm, covering a film to preserve moisture, uncovering the film after emergence of seedlings, keeping the temperature of a greenhouse, and normally irrigating nutrient solution within two weeks after the field planting;
and step 3: the discharged liquid of irrigating is discharged into a discharged liquid collecting device after 15 days of field planting, and the nutrient solution collected in the discharged liquid collecting device is used for irrigating, so that zero-emission treatment of the nutrient solution is realized.
Preferably, the EC value of the nutrient solution in the steps 1, 2 and 3 is 3.0dS/m, and the pH value is 5.5.
Preferably, the seed soaking time of the cucumber seeds in the step 2 is 4 hours.
Preferably, the cucumber seeds are planted when the cucumber seeds are germinated to the bud length of 5mm in the step 2.
Preferably, after the film is uncovered in the step 2, the ventilation temperature of the greenhouse is kept at 25 ℃ in the daytime and the temperature is kept at 17-25 ℃ at night.
Preferably, when the normal irrigation nutrient solution is used within two weeks after the field planting in the step 2, the liquid discharge amount per day is 15-25%.
Preferably, when the normal irrigation nutrient solution is used within two weeks after the field planting in the step 2, the liquid discharge amount per day is 20%.
Preferably, the outer diameter of the coconut coir pieces in the step 1 is 100mm multiplied by 65mm, and the outer diameter of the particles in the coconut coir pieces is 0-6 mm.
Preferably, the coconut husk matrix in the step 1 is prepared from fine coconut pieces and coarse coconut pieces according to the ratio of 2:1 in proportion;
the pH value of the coconut husk matrix is 5.8-6.8;
the EC value of the coconut husk matrix is less than 1.0 dS/m.
Preferably, in the zero-emission treatment process in the step 3, the water is periodically irrigated for 6 times per day: 9:00-9: 06; 11:00-11:10, 12:00-12:10, 13:00-13:10, 14:00-14:10, 15:00-15: 10;
the daily timer settings were changed two weeks after zero emission treatment: 9:00-9: 05; 11:00-11: 06; 12:00-12: 06; 13:00-13: 06; 14:00-14: 06; 15:00-15:03, and observing the irrigation condition every day until the middle and later period of cucumber harvesting;
irrigating for 2-3 times in sunny weather.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the coconut chaff is used as the substrate for culturing the cucumbers, so that the problems that the moisture content of a liquid substrate is too high and the rootstocks of the cucumbers are soaked in water for a long time to cause oxygen deficiency and rot in the prior art are solved; the waste is reused, so that the capital investment for the seedling substrate in the cucumber planting process is greatly solved;
the nutrient solution for irrigation is recycled, the input cost of the nutrient solution in the planting process is reduced, the pollution to the surrounding environment after the nutrient solution is discharged is avoided, the growth quality of the cucumbers is ensured, and the zero discharge of the nutrient solution is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the plant height, stem thickness, internode length and leaf area changes of the cucumber zero-emission treatment plants at different times in the examples of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change of the gas exchange parameters of the leaves in the zero emission treatment of cucumbers at different times in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 shows the relative chlorophyll content of the leaves of the zero-emission cucumber treatment at different times according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the variation of the macroelement content of the zero emission treatment leaves of cucumbers at different times in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 shows the trace element content variation of the zero-emission cucumber processing leaves at different times in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the content changes of total phenols, flavonoids, soluble proteins, cellulose, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite in the fruit of the zero-emission cucumber treatment at different times according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 shows the variation of individual yield and individual yield accumulation in zero emission treatment of cucumber at different times according to the example of the present invention;
FIG. 8 shows the change of the substrate EC for zero emission treatment of cucumber at different times in the examples of the present invention;
FIG. 9 shows the change in moisture content of the cucumber zero-release treatment substrate at different times in the examples of the present invention;
fig. 10 shows the temperature change of the substrate for the zero emission treatment of cucumber at different times in the examples of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
A nutrient solution zero-emission planting method for guaranteeing cucumber quality based on coconut chaff cultivation comprises the following steps:
preparing nutrient solution with EC value of 3.0dS/m and pH value of 5.5; selecting coconut husk blocks of 100mm multiplied by 65 mm; according to the following steps: 1, weighing fine coconut pieces with the particle size of 0-6mm and coarse coconut pieces with the particle size of 10-20mm, and mixing to obtain a coconut husk matrix;
setting a nutrient solution zero-discharge group and a normal treatment group, and soaking the seedling coconut chaff blocks in a seedbed nutrient solution for one day before sowing;
soaking cucumber seeds for 4 hours at room temperature, putting the cucumber seeds into an incubator, accelerating germination at the temperature of 25 ℃, sowing the cucumber seeds into coconut husk pieces when the length of the buds is 5mm, covering the coconut husk pieces with a coconut husk matrix of about 10mm-20mm, covering a film for moisturizing, uncovering the film after emergence of seedlings, keeping the ventilation temperature of 25 ℃ in the daytime and the lowest heating temperature of 17 ℃ at night, normally irrigating nutrient solution within two weeks after field planting, and discharging 20% of liquid every day;
and (3) starting nutrient solution zero-discharge treatment 15 days after planting, selecting two planting containers, and periodically irrigating for 6 times each day: 9:00-9: 06; 11:00-11:10, 12:00-12:10, 13:00-13:10, 14:00-14:10, 15:00-15:10, changing the setting of the timer every day after two weeks of zero emission treatment: 9:00-9: 05; 11:00-11: 06; 12:00-12: 06; 13:00-13: 06; 14:00-14: 06; 15:00-15:03, discharging all nutrient solution drainage liquid in the irrigation process into two 500L nutrient solution tanks, always ensuring that the EC value of the nutrient solution in the planting container is 3.0dS/m and the pH value is 5.5, continuously receiving and draining the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution tank along with the irrigation, but continuously reducing the total amount of the nutrient solution, and after the content of the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution tank is less than 1/2, adding new nutrient solution and tap water again until the tank is full, ensuring that the EC value of the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution tank is 3.0dS/m and the pH value is 5.5;
the parameters of the two groups of cucumbers including growth quantity, photosynthesis, fruit quality and yield are tested at the same time in the whole planting period.
The analysis can be found by combining the measurement data of the attached figures 1-10: as can be seen from the attached figure 1, the plant height, stem thickness, internode length and leaf area of the cucumber plant treated by the zero discharge of the nutrient solution are slightly lower than those of the cucumber plant treated by the normal irrigation at 16 days after the medium-term treatment, but the difference is not obvious, and no obvious difference exists at other time.
As can be seen from the attached figure 2, the conductance of pores, the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and the transpiration rate of the cucumber treated by the zero-emission nutrient solution treatment are not obviously different, the net photosynthetic rate of the cucumber is reduced after 4 days and 16 days of treatment, wherein the net photosynthetic rate is obviously reduced after 16 days of treatment, and the net photosynthetic rate is not obviously different at other times.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the relative chlorophyll content of the cucumber leaves treated with zero nutrient solution discharge was significantly reduced after 16 days of treatment, and there was no significant difference at other times.
As can be seen from the attached figures 4 and 5, the mineral content of each item of the cucumber leaf treated by the nutrient solution zero discharge has high and low values under the two irrigation modes, and the fluctuation degrees of the two types of the cucumber leaf treated by the nutrient solution zero discharge are inconsistent.
As can be seen from the attached figure 6, the total phenol content and flavonoid content of the cucumbers treated by zero discharge of the nutrient solution are obviously increased in the later period of the experiment, and no obvious difference exists at other times; the soluble protein content and nitrate nitrogen content of the cucumber fruit are not obviously different in each period; the content of the cucumber fruit cellulose is obviously reduced in the later stage of zero discharge treatment of the nutrient solution; the nitrite content of the cucumber fruits is obviously different between 16-54 days of treatment, and the nitrite content of the cucumber fruits is not obviously different at other times.
As can be seen from fig. 7, the yield of the cucumbers in the zero-emission treatment group after 54 days of treatment is higher than that of the cucumbers in the normal irrigation group, and the total yield of the two individual plants is not obviously different.
As can be seen from the attached figures 8-10, the moisture content in the substrate for treating the cucumbers by zero discharge of the nutrient solution is decreased in a cliff-shaped manner in the middle period of the experiment and the last period of time before the experiment is finished, and no obvious difference exists in other times; the substrate temperature of the cucumber with zero discharge of the nutrient solution is gradually increased from the initial stage to the middle stage of the experiment, and the substrate temperature of the nutrient solution zero discharge treatment group is greatly different and fluctuates more obviously in the whole experiment period.
In conclusion, the coconut chaff is used as the substrate for cucumber culture, so that the problem that the moisture content of the liquid substrate is too high and the rootstocks of the cucumbers are soaked in water for a long time to cause oxygen deficiency and rot in the prior art is solved; the waste is reused, so that the capital investment for the seedling substrate in the cucumber planting process is greatly solved; the nutrient solution for irrigation is recycled, the input cost of the nutrient solution in the planting process is reduced, the pollution to the surrounding environment after the nutrient solution is discharged is avoided, the growth quality of the cucumbers is ensured, and the zero discharge of the nutrient solution is realized.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A nutrient solution zero-emission planting method for guaranteeing cucumber quality based on coconut chaff cultivation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: placing the seedling coconut husk pieces into a seedbed nutrient solution to soak for one day;
step 2: soaking cucumber seeds at room temperature, putting the soaked cucumber seeds into an incubator for germination acceleration, sowing the cucumber seeds into coconut husk blocks after the germination acceleration to complete field planting, covering a coconut husk substrate with the thickness of 10-20mm, covering a film to preserve moisture, uncovering the film after emergence of seedlings, keeping the temperature of a greenhouse, and normally irrigating nutrient solution within two weeks after the field planting;
and step 3: the discharged liquid of irrigating is discharged into a discharged liquid collecting device after 15 days of field planting, and the nutrient solution collected in the discharged liquid collecting device is used for irrigating, so that zero-emission treatment of the nutrient solution is realized.
2. The nutrient solution zero-emission planting method for ensuring the quality of cucumbers based on coconut coir cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the EC value of the nutrient solution in the steps 1, 2 and 3 is 3.0dS/m, and the pH value is 5.5.
3. The nutrient solution zero-emission planting method for ensuring the quality of cucumbers based on coconut coir cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seed soaking time of the cucumber seeds in the step 2 is 4 hours.
4. The nutrient solution zero-emission planting method for ensuring the quality of cucumbers based on coconut coir cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cucumber seeds are planted when the cucumber seeds are pregerminated to a bud length of 5mm in the step 2.
5. The nutrient solution zero-emission planting method for ensuring the quality of cucumbers based on coconut coir cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ventilation temperature in the daytime and the temperature in the evening are kept at 25 ℃ and 17-25 ℃ respectively after the film is uncovered in the step 2.
6. The nutrient solution zero-discharge planting method for ensuring the quality of cucumbers based on coconut coir cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the liquid discharge amount per day is 15% -25% when normal irrigation of a nutrient solution is carried out within two weeks after field planting in step 2.
7. The nutrient solution zero-discharge planting method for ensuring the quality of cucumbers based on coconut coir cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the liquid discharge amount per day is 20% when normal irrigation of a nutrient solution is carried out within two weeks after field planting in step 2.
8. The nutrient solution zero-emission planting method for cucumber quality guarantee based on coconut coir cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coconut coir pieces in step 1 have an outer diameter of 100mm x 65mm, and the particles in the coconut coir pieces have an outer diameter of 0-6 mm.
9. The nutrient solution zero-emission planting method for ensuring the quality of cucumbers based on coconut coir cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coconut coir substrate in the step 1 is prepared from fine coconut pieces and coarse coconut pieces according to a ratio of 2:1 in proportion;
the pH value of the coconut husk matrix is 5.8-6.8;
the EC value of the coconut husk matrix is less than 1.0 dS/m.
10. The nutrient solution zero-emission planting method for ensuring the quality of cucumbers based on coconut coir cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the zero-emission treatment process in the step 3, water is regularly irrigated for 6 times per day: 9:00-9: 06; 11:00-11:10, 12:00-12:10, 13:00-13:10, 14:00-14:10, 15:00-15: 10;
the daily timer settings were changed two weeks after zero emission treatment: 9:00-9: 05; 11:00-11: 06; 12:00-12: 06; 13:00-13: 06; 14:00-14: 06; 15:00-15:03, and observing the irrigation condition every day until the middle and later period of cucumber harvesting;
irrigating for 2-3 times in sunny weather.
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- 2021-10-22 CN CN202111234405.8A patent/CN113924961A/en active Pending
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