CN1139118C - 用于隔绝湿敏塑料球栅阵列组件的方法和设备 - Google Patents
用于隔绝湿敏塑料球栅阵列组件的方法和设备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
在电路化基板上安装或去掉具有焊料球栅阵列的元件的方法和设备。焊料球具有使其熔化的第一温度。元件具有高于第一温度的第二温度,在该温度之上元件会受损伤。该方法具有在元件上设置热屏的步骤。在下一步,将电路化基板和具有焊料球栅阵列的元件加热到低于第一温度的第三温度。在下一步,在预定的时间内,将第四温度的热气体流导向热屏周围,以便焊料球达到第一温度,从而使焊料接点或焊料球回流,同时所说元件的其它部分达到低于第二温度的温度。此时,可以将所说元件安装到电路化基板上,或可以从其上去掉所说元件。类似的方法也可用于将具有焊料球栅阵列的元件安装到电路化基板上。
Description
本发明涉及的技术领域是电子封装。更具体说,本发明涉及一种在安装到电路化基板或从电路化基板上去掉时隔绝湿敏塑料球栅阵列(PBGA)组件的方法和装置。
一般情况下,在第一电路化基板(称为半导体芯片载体,或更一般说,第一级电子封装或组件)上安装一个或多个半导体芯片或其它这类电子器件,第一电路化基板进而又安装到第二电路化基板上,例如印刷电路卡或板(PCB)(更一般说,称为第二级电子封装或组件)。安装到第一级电子组件上的电子器件通过第一级组件的电路与第二电子组件的电路电连接。所得结构可用作计算机或其它这类设备的部件。
半导体芯片或其它此类电子器件可以安装到作为形成于芯片载体上的电路的一部分的焊盘上。将芯片载体安装于半导体芯片上可以采用常规技术。一种这样的技术称为焊料回流,该技术采用对应于所说焊盘的焊料突点,例如焊料球。在芯片载体上的每个接触焊盘定位于芯片上合适焊料突点上后,加热组件,以便使焊料液化,并将芯片载体上的每个接触焊盘键合到芯片上相对的焊料突点上。焊盘和突点或球一般定位在称为球栅阵列(BGA)的面阵列内。芯片、芯片载体和BGA一起构成第一级电子封装或组件。然后第一级组件利用对应于PCB上的导电料盘阵列的焊料球栅,以相同方式安装到PCB上。
塑料球栅阵列(PBGA)组件是湿敏的。在PCB组件上安装或去掉PBGA组件的技术条件要求PBGA底侧上的焊料球在回流期间达到约200℃,同时芯片上的盖板不能超过220℃,以将所设置的好PBGA安装到PCB上,或从PCB上去掉有故障的PBGA。经受超过220℃的温度会损伤芯片。
由于用于这种过程的再加工设备设计的限制,产生了问题。印刷电路板(PCB)设置于在室温和135℃之间某点加热PCB和其第一级组件的偏置室内。偏置室限于均匀加热PCB最高到150℃。为了加热PBGA和PCB间的焊料接点(在去除的情况下)或焊料球(在安装的情况下),必须提供热气体到PBGA上侧。所需要的热气体温度最小为230℃。
由于固定于PBGA上的盖板是遇到热气体的结构中的第一部件,所以产生了问题。而将要熔化的焊料接点或焊料球在该结构下面的许多层之下。设备设计使得不可能将焊料接点或焊料球加热到200℃,同时保持盖板温度低于220℃。双面产品〔卡上侧和下侧上的PBGA组件)增大了再加工该点的困难。另外,由于热气体流经过芯片,所以连接芯片与第一级组件上载体的焊料球会在第一级组件安装于PCB上或从其上去除期间回流,所以这会引起芯片和载体间的开路,或过量层间金属生长,这最终会导致焊料接点失效。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种在去除或安装期间隔绝湿敏PBGA组件的方法和结构,保护芯片不会因暴露高温而受损伤。
本发明再一目的是提供一种在去除或安装期间隔绝温敏PBGA组件的方法和结构,防止第一级组件的焊料球在其安装或去除期间回流。
另外,提供一种将具有焊料球栅阵列的元件安装到电路化基板上的方法。所说焊料球具有使其熔化的第一温度。所说元件具有高于第一温度的第二温度,高于第二温度时所说元件会受损伤。该方法包括将电路化基板预热到低于第一温度的第三温度的第一步骤。在第二步骤,将元件设置于电路化基板上。在第三步骤,在元件上设置热屏。在第四步骤,在预定的时间内,将第四温度的热气体流导向热屏的周围,以便焊料球达到第一温度,从而形成焊料接点,同时所说元件的其它部分达到低于第二温度的温度。
类似地,还提供一种从电路化基板上去除具有焊料接点栅阵列的元件的方法。该方法包括在所说元件上设置热屏的第一步骤。在第二步骤,将所说电路化基板和具有焊料接点栅阵列的所说元件预热到低于第一温度的第三温度。在第三步骤,在预定的时间内,将第四温度的热气体流导向热屏的周围,以便焊料接点达到第一温度,从而使所说焊料接点破裂,同时所说元件的其它部分达到低于第二温度的温度。在第四步骤,从所说电路化基板上去掉所说元件。
这里还提供一种将具有焊料球栅阵列的元件安装到电路化基板上的设备,其中该设备包括:将所说元件设置于电路化基板上的装置;设置于所说元件之上的热屏;将电路化基板预热到低于第一温度的第三温度的装置;及在预定的时间内,将第四温度的热气体流导向热屏的周围,以便焊料球达到第一温度,从而形成焊料接点,同时所说元件的其它部分达到低于第二温度的温度的装置。
类似地,还提供一种从电路化基板上去除具有焊料接点栅阵列的元件的设备。该设备包括:设置于所说元件之上的热屏;将电路化基板和具有焊料接点栅阵列的所说元件预热到低于第一温度的第三温度的装置;在预定的时间内,将第四温度的热气体流导向热屏的周围,以便焊料接点达到第一温度,从而破坏焊料接点,同时所说元件的其它部分达到低于第二温度的温度的装置;及从所说电路化基板上去掉所说元件的装置。
在本发明方法和设备的优选方案中,电路化基板是印刷电路板,元件是半导体芯片和芯片载体组件。
参考以下的说明书、所附的权利要求书及附图,可以更好地理解本发明的设备和方法的这些及其它特点、方面和优点,其中:
图1是本发明的PBAG组件的剖面图。
图2是本发明PBGA设备的示意图。
图3是将元件安装于电路化基板上的本发明方法的流程图。
图4是从电路化基板上去掉元件的本发明方法的流程图。
尽管本发明可应用于许多不同类型的元件和电路化基板,但已发现,本发明特别适用于印刷电路板和半导体芯片及芯片载体组件等领域。因此,在不限于本发明在印刷电路板和半导体芯片及芯片载体组件方面的可应用性的情况下,介绍本发明。
参见图1,图中示出了一般由参考数字100表示的PBGA组件,或者称为元件。元件100位于电路化基板150(最好是PCB)的上面。元件100具有利用所属领域熟知的工艺如C4工艺,借第一BGA106安装到芯片载体104上的半导体芯片102。半导体芯片102和芯片载体104构成第一级封装或组件。第一级组件最好还具有固定到半导体芯片102上的盖板108,就芯片的机械可靠性、热屏蔽和物理外观而言,该盖板最好由不锈钢构成。第一级组件最好还具有底部填料110,该底部填料最好是带有填料的环氧树脂,以减小第一焊料球106与在芯片载体104上与它们对应的导电焊盘(未示出)间的焊料接点的机械应力。
元件100还包括固定于芯片载体104上的第二球栅阵列112,它们设置成使构成第二BGA112的各焊料球对应于电路化基板150(最好是PCB)上的焊盘(未示出)。第二焊料球112具有它们会熔化的第一温度,最好是200℃。半导体芯片102具有高于第一温度的第二温度,在该温度之上,半导体芯片会受损伤。第二温度最好不高于220℃。
在回流第二焊料球112,使元件100与PCB 150连接之前,在元件100上设置热屏114。热屏114隔绝元件100上的盖板108,防止第二BGA112回流期间,用于回流第二BGA的112(以下将讨论)的热气体加热盖板108。热屏114最好是硅树脂,其设计成大于盖板108,但不能太大,以使其不盖住载体104太多。重要的是,芯片载体104在均匀加热第二BGA112的处理期间暴露于热气体中。热屏114最好是制造成在元件100(更具体说是盖板108)与热屏114之间存在气隙116,以提高两者间的隔热性能。所属领域的技术人员应该容易明白,本发明的热屏114既可用于在PCB150上安装元件,又可用于从PCB150上去掉已安装的元件100。
下面结合图2介绍本发明的设备,图2的装置一般由参考数字200表示,用于将元件100安装于电路化基板150上。提供将元件100设置于电路化基板150上的装置,最好是通过合适的导管206连接到真空源204的真空管202。关于真空管的应用,真空管接触元件100,从而在真空抽吸的作用下吸持元件。然后元件100下降到电路化基板150上,在电路化基板150的导电焊盘与元件100的第二BGA112的相应焊料球对准的位置。元件最好是借助工作台208下降并对准,来自对准系统的对准信息馈送到工作台208。对准系统与用于现有技术的类似,例如两点摄像机或分光系统。
设备200中还设置有预热电路化基板150到低于第一温度的第三温度的装置。预热的目的是减小PCB150中的热应力,并使PCB150的翘曲最小化。第三温度最好是135℃。PCB150最好是可以与具有高于第三温度的第五温度的基座212接触设置,以便基座212和PCB150间的热传递使PCB150达到第三温度。或者,通过将元件100和PCB150放置于加热的环境210例如偏置室中进行预热,其中可以在保持加热环境210的情况下,使元件100和PCB150慢慢升到135℃的温度。
提供用于在预定时间内在热屏的周围引导第四温度的热气体流的装置,以便第二BGA112达到第一温度(此温度下它们会熔化),从而形成将元件100连接到PCB150的焊料接点,同时元件100的其它部分即芯片102和第一BGA106达到低于第二温度(此温度下芯片会受损伤)的温度。第四温度较好是高于230℃,更好是高于260℃。
引导热气体流的装置最好包括包围元件100并与PCB150接触的喷嘴214。热气体由热气体源216供应,并通过合适的导管218和泵220提供到喷嘴,如果需要的话,泵220设置于导管218内,用于从源216传送热气体,通过喷嘴214,最终到元件100上。或者,可以对热气体源216加压,这种情况下,不需要泵220将气体传送到元件100。
所属领域的技术人员应理解,还可以利用相同的设备从电路化基板150上去掉元件100。这种情况下,热气体引导到元件100上,不是形成焊料接点,而是已形成的焊料接点回流,从而可以通过从PCB150上去掉元件100,破坏焊料接点。从PCB150上去除元件100可以利用与上述相同的真空管202和工作台208进行。焊料接点回流后,真空管202借工作台208下降,以便与元件100接触,然后,在真空的抽吸作用下,从PCB150上提升。自然,这种情况下,对准BGA与其相应的焊盘的对准系统是不必要的。
总之,图3和4例示的流程图中概括了本发明各方法的各步骤。图3示出了将元件100安装于PCB150上的方法,而图4示出了将元件100从PCB150上去掉的方法。
参见图3,该图示出了将元件安装于PCB上的方法的流程,该方法一般由参考数字300表示。在步骤301,电路化基板150预热到上述第三温度。在步骤302,元件100放置于电路化基板150上。这最好由子步骤302a-302c完成。在步骤302a,元件吸持或抓取就位,在步骤302b,吸持的元件下降到电路化基板上,在步骤302c,第二BGA112与电路化基板150上的相应导电焊盘阵列对准。
在步骤304,先前介绍的热屏114设置于元件100上。在步骤308,在预定的时间内,热气体流导向热屏114周围,以便第二BGA112达到第一温度,从而形成焊料接点。步骤308最好通过子步骤308a和308b进行。步骤308a包括在元件100上设置喷嘴214,步骤308b包括使热气体流通过喷嘴,并在元件100上流动。
现参见图4,该图示出了从PCB上去除元件的方法的流程,该方法一般由参考数字400表示。
在步骤402,先前介绍的热屏114设置于元件100上。在步骤404,将电路化基板150和元件100预热到先前介绍的第三温度。在步骤406,在预定时间内,热气体流导向热屏114周围,以便第二BGA112达到第一温度,从而破坏焊料接点。步骤406最好是通过子步骤406a和406b进行。步骤406a包括在元件100上设置喷嘴214,步骤406b包括使热气体流通过喷嘴,并在元件100上流动。在步骤408,破坏了元件100和PCB150间的焊料接点后,从电路化基板150上去除元件100。这最好由子步骤408a和408b实现。在步骤408a,为了进行去除吸持或抓住元件,在步骤408b,从电路化基板上提起吸持的元件。
尽管展示和介绍了本发明的优选实施例,但是自然应理解,在形式上或细节上容易作出各种改形和改变,而不脱离本发明的精神实质。因此,本发明不限于这里所介绍和图示的准确形式,而应归结为本发明将覆盖落入所附权利要求书范围内的所有改形。
Claims (48)
1·一种将具有焊料球栅阵列的元件安装到电路化基板上的方法,所说焊料球具有其熔化的第一温度,所说元件具有高于第一温度的第二温度,在该温度之上元件会受损伤,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)将电路化基板预热到低于第一温度的第三温度,
(b)将所说元件设置于电路化基板上,
(c)在所说元件上设置热屏,及
(d)在预定的时间内,将第四温度的热气体流导向热屏的周围,以便焊料球达到第一温度,从而形成焊料接点,同时所说元件的其它部分达到低于第二温度的温度。
2·根据权利要求1的方法,其中步骤(b)包括以下子步骤:
(i)吸持元件,
(ii)将所吸持的元件下降到电路化基板上,及
(iii)对准球栅阵列与电路化基板上对应的导电焊盘阵列。
3·根据权利要求1的方法,其中步骤(c)还包括以下子步骤:在所说元件和所说热屏间提供气隙,以提高热屏产生的隔热效果。
4·根据权利要求1的方法,其中步骤(a)包括在具有第三温度的加热环境中设置所说基板。
5·根据权利要求1的方法,其中步骤(a)包括设置具有高于第三温度的第五温度的基座,使之与所说基板接触,以便基座和基板间的热传导使基板获得第三温度。
6·根据权利要求1的方法,其中步骤(d)还包括以下子步骤:
(i)在所说元件上提供喷嘴,及
(ii)使热气体流过喷嘴,并在所说元件上流动。
7·根据权利要求1的方法,其中所说电路化基板是印刷电路板。
8·根据权利要求1的方法,其中所说元件是半导体芯片和芯片载体组件。
9·根据权利要求1的方法,其中所说第一温度为200℃,所说第二温度为220℃,所说第三温度为1 35℃,所说第四温度高于230℃。
10·根据权利要求9的方法,其中所说第四温度为260℃。
11·一种从电路化基板上去除具有焊料接点栅阵列的元件的方法,所说焊料接点具有使其熔化的第一温度,所说元件具有高于第一温度的第二温度,在该温度之上所说元件会受损伤,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)在所说元件上设置热屏,
(b)将所说电路化基板和具有焊料接点栅阵列的所说元件预热到低于第一温度的第三温度,
(c)在预定的时间内,将第四温度的热气体流导向热屏的周围,以便焊料接点达到第一温度,从而破坏所说焊料接点,同时所说元件的其它部分达到低于第二温度的温度,及
(d)从所说电路化基板上去掉所说元件。
12·根据权利要求11的方法,其中步骤(d)包括以下子步骤:
(i)吸持元件,及
(ii)从所说电路化基板提起所吸持的元件。
13·根据权利要求11的方法,其中步骤(a)还包括以下子步骤:在所说元件和所说热屏间提供气隙,以提高热屏产生的隔热效果。
14·根据权利要求11的方法,其中步骤(b)包括在具有第三温度的加热环境中设置所说基板。
15·根据权利要求11的方法,其中步骤(b)包括设置具有高于第三温度的第五温度的基座,使之与所说基板接触,以便基座和基板间的热传导使基板获得第三温度。
16·根据权利要求11的方法,其中步骤(c)还包括以下子步骤:
(i)在所说元件上提供喷嘴,及
(ii)使热气体流过喷嘴,并在所说元件上流动。
17·根据权利要求11的方法,其中所说电路化基板是印刷电路板。
18·根据权利要求11的方法,其中所说元件是半导体芯片和芯片载体组件。
19·根据权利要求11的方法,其中所说第一温度为200℃,所说第二温度为220℃,所说第三温度为135℃,所说第四温度高于230℃。
20·根据权利要求19的方法,其中所说第四温度为260℃。
21·一种将具有焊料球栅阵列的元件安装到电路化基板上的设备,所说焊料球具有其熔化的第一温度,所说元件具有高于第一温度的第二温度,在该温度之上元件会受损伤,其特征在于,该设备包括:
将电路化基板预热到低于第一温度的第三温度的装置,
将所说元件设置于电路化基板上的装置,
设置于所说元件之上的热屏,及
在预定的时间内,将第四温度的热气体流导向热屏的周围,以便焊料球达到第一温度,从而形成焊料接点,同时所说元件的其它部分达到低于第二温度的温度的装置。
22·根据权利要求21的设备,其中将所说元件设置于所说电路化基板上的装置包括:
吸持所说元件的装置,
将所吸持的元件下降到电路化基板上的装置,及
对准球栅阵列与电路化基板上对应的导电焊盘阵列的装置。
23·根据权利要求22的设备,其中吸持所说元件的装置包括与元件接触的真空管,用于在加于其上的真空的抽吸作用下吸持所说元件。
24·根据权利要求2 3的设备,其中将所吸持的元件下降到所说电路化基板上的装置包括固定到真空管上的工作台,其能够至少在所说元件下降的方向上移动。
25·根据权利要求22的设备,其中对准所说球栅阵列与所说电路化基板上的对应导电焊盘阵列的装置包括两点视频摄像机。
26·根据权利要求22的设备,其中对准所说球栅阵列与所说电路化基板上的对应导电焊盘阵列的装置包括分光系统。
27·根据权利要求21的设备,还包括在所说元件和所说热屏间提供气隙,以提高热屏产生的隔热效果。
28·根据权利要求21的设备,其中预热所说电路化基板的装置包括具有第三温度的加热环境,其中将设置所说电路化基板。
29·根据权利要求21的设备,其中预热电路化基板的装置包括具有高于第三温度的第五温度的基座,其设置成与所说基板接触,以便基座和基板间的热传导使基板达到第三温度。
30·根据权利要求21的设备,其中导向热气体流的装置还包括:
设置于所说元件之上的喷嘴,及
使热气体流过喷嘴,并在所说元件上流动的装置。
31·根据权利要求30的设备,其中使热气体流过喷嘴并在所说元件上流动的装置包括热气体源、与热气体源连接且带有喷嘴的导管、及设置于导管中用于从热气体源通过喷嘴向所说元件传输热气体的泵。
32·根据权利要求21的设备,其中所说电路化基板是印刷电路板。
33·根据权利要求21的方法,其中所说元件是半导体芯片和芯片载体组件。
34·根据权利要求21的方法,其中所说第一温度为200℃,所说第二温度为220℃,所说第三温度为135℃,所说第四温度高于230℃。
35·根据权利要求34的方法,其中所说第四温度为260℃。
36·一种从电路化基板上去除具有焊料接点栅阵列的元件的设备,所说焊料接点具有其熔化的第一温度,所说元件具有高于第一温度的第二温度,在该温度之上元件会受损伤,其特征在于,该设备包括:
设置于所说元件之上的热屏,
将电路化基板和具有焊料接点栅阵列的所说元件预热到低于第一温度的第三温度的装置,
在预定的时间内,将第四温度的热气体流导向热屏的周围,以便焊料接点达到第一温度,从而破坏焊料接点,同时所说元件的其它部分达到低于第二温度的温度的装置,及
从所说电路化基板上去掉所说元件的装置。
37·根据权利要求36的设备,其中从所说电路化基板上去掉所说元件的装置包括:
吸持所说元件的装置,
从所说电路化基板上提升所吸持的元件的装置。
38·根据权利要求37的设备,其中吸持所说元件的装置包括与元件接触的真空管,用于在加于其上的真空的抽吸作用下吸持所说元件。
39·根据权利要求38的设备,其中从所说电路化基板上提升所吸持的元件的装置包括固定到真空管上的工作台,其能够至少在所说元件上升的方向上移动。
40·根据权利要求36的设备,还包括在所说元件和所说热屏间提供气隙,以提高热屏产生的隔热效果。
41·根据权利要求36的设备,其中预热所说电路化基板和元件的装置包括具有第三温度的加热环境,其中将设置所说电路化基板和所说元件。
42·根据权利要求36的设备,其中预热电路化基板的装置包括具有高于第三温度的第五温度的基座,其设置成与所说基板接触,以便基座和基板间的热传导使基板达到第三温度。
43·根据权利要求36的设备,其中导向热气体流的装置还包括:
设置于所说元件之上的喷嘴,及
使热气体流过喷嘴,并在所说元件上流动的装置。
44·根据权利要求43的设备,其中使热气体流过喷嘴并在所说元件上流动的装置包括热气体源、与热气体源连接且带有喷嘴的导管、及设置于导管中用于从热气体源通过喷嘴向所说元件传输热气体的泵。
45·根据权利要求36的设备,其中所说电路化基板是印刷电路板。
46·根据权利要求36的方法,其中所说元件是半导体芯片和芯片载体组件。
47·根据权利要求36的方法,其中所说第一温度为200℃,所说第二温度为220℃,所说第三温度为135℃,所说第四温度高于230℃。
48·根据权利要求47的方法,其中所说第四温度为260℃。
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US09/104,572 US6059170A (en) | 1998-06-24 | 1998-06-24 | Method and apparatus for insulating moisture sensitive PBGA's |
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-
1998
- 1998-06-24 US US09/104,572 patent/US6059170A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-05-14 KR KR1019990017252A patent/KR100314974B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-05-31 CN CNB99106948XA patent/CN1139118C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-04 SG SG1999002866A patent/SG77245A1/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SG77245A1 (en) | 2000-12-19 |
US6059170A (en) | 2000-05-09 |
KR100314974B1 (ko) | 2001-11-24 |
CN1244729A (zh) | 2000-02-16 |
KR20000005653A (ko) | 2000-01-25 |
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