CN113906947A - Method for improving afforestation survival rate in semiarid region - Google Patents
Method for improving afforestation survival rate in semiarid region Download PDFInfo
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- CN113906947A CN113906947A CN202111156406.5A CN202111156406A CN113906947A CN 113906947 A CN113906947 A CN 113906947A CN 202111156406 A CN202111156406 A CN 202111156406A CN 113906947 A CN113906947 A CN 113906947A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0299—Handling or transporting of soil blocks or seedlings
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the afforestation survival rate in a semi-arid region, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of seedbed irrigation, seedling soaking and sinking, pit irrigation and submerged film covering. In semiarid regions, particularly in the eastern part of inner Mongolia plateau and most of loess plateau regions, the method of seedbed irrigation before seedling lifting, seedling soaking and seedling sinking compaction during temporary planting, pit irrigation during planting and submerged film covering after planting is adopted for afforestation, the annual survival rate and the growth amount of afforestation trees can meet the requirements of engineering afforestation, and the drought-resistant afforestation method for improving the survival rate of afforestation, reducing the number of replanting seedlings and the labor cost input can be popularized and applied in a large area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forest cultivation, in particular to a method for improving the afforestation survival rate in a semi-arid region.
Background
The semi-arid region is dry and rainless, has small precipitation and large evaporation capacity, and the survival rate and the preservation rate of afforestation become the biggest difficult problems of afforestation work for a long time due to the death of nursery stocks caused by dehydration.
In view of this, in addition to selecting drought-resistant local tree species which are suitable for the ground and have small water consumption in the afforestation activity, actively adopting more advanced water-retention drought-resistant afforestation technical measures becomes a key for improving the afforestation survival rate and the preservation rate, and can promote the water conservation and the low labor cost afforestation of the controllability of key nodes of the afforestation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the existing problems, the invention provides a method for improving the afforestation survival rate in a semi-arid region. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A method for improving the afforestation survival rate in a semi-arid region comprises the following steps:
s1, seedbed irrigation: selecting 2-year seedlings or 2-1-year seedlings, wherein terminal buds are full, stems of the seedlings are straight, needle leaves are complete, color is normal, and the seedlings are I-class container seedlings without diseases and insect pests. The size of the container cup is 13 cm multiplied by 16 cm, the height of the seedling is 30-50 cm, and the ground diameter is more than 0.4 cm. And (3) flooding the water on the soles of the seedlings in the seedbed 24-48 hours before lifting the seedlings, lightly taking the seedlings during lifting the seedlings to ensure the integrity of the container cups, and avoiding the seedlings from separating from the container and loosening the soil in the container. Filling 5 plants into 1 moisturizing bag, packaging, and loading into a transport vehicle, loading and stacking until the layers are within 3, so as to ensure that the container cups and the moisturizing bags are not scattered and the cups are not cracked;
s2, soaking and settling seedlings: selecting a temporary planting point at a position with good drainage and shady ventilation, digging a water tank with the length, width and height of 5 m multiplied by 10 m multiplied by 0.3 m, paving the bottom and the surface layer of the water tank by using thick plastic cloth or waterproof materials, filling 15 cm water into the water tank, soaking a nursery stock with a moisture-preserving bag into the water tank, fishing out within 1 hour, punching the bottom of the moisture-preserving bag, emptying redundant water, settling soil lumps in a container cup, and tightly placing for 4-6 hours to prepare mountain afforestation;
s3, irrigating in the pit: during afforestation, digging a pit under mechanical ditching or digging a planting hole in an artificial soil preparation pit, wherein the specification of the planting hole is determined according to the size of a container cup and a seedling, generally the diameter of the soil body is about 2 times, after the seedling is placed with the requirement of depth, the seedling can be buried to be 5-10 cm above the soil mark of the seedling, about 1 liter of bottom water is filled in the pit, then the container seedling is carefully removed from the cup and is planted in the center of the pit (hole), the planted seedling is righted, and the surface soil is covered and compacted along the periphery of the pit wall;
s4, submerged film covering: and (3) trimming the surrounding pits or the scale pits after 2-3 days of planting, compacting the soil with the width and the height of 30 cm, watering in the surrounding pits, and filling the planting pits with surface soil to the base parts of the first layer of lateral branches after the soil is infiltrated and compacted underwater to ensure that the seedlings are firmly fixed. The leveling pit is filled with soil to the shape of a positive pot bottom, and a drought-resistant film is laid to cover the surface soil so as to ensure the soil moisture content.
Further, the method is suitable for tree species: pinus sylvestris, pinus tabulaeformis, spruce on sand, and larch from north China.
Further, the site conditions apply: in the natural distribution area or the successful introduction area of afforestation tree species, the method is suitable for planting seedlings and afforestation in sandy soil, chestnut calcium soil and gray forest soil which are difficult to control in semiarid areas, and sandy soil and loam which are used as soil texture.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention has novel design, and adopts the method of seedbed irrigation before seedling lifting, seedling soaking and sinking in temporary planting, pit irrigation in planting and film mulching after planting in most areas of eastern and loess plateaus in the inner Mongolia plateau to afforest in semiarid areas, so that the annual survival rate and growth amount of afforestation trees can meet the requirements of engineering afforestation, and the method is a drought-resistant afforestation method for improving the survival rate of afforestation, reducing the number of replanting seedlings and the labor cost input, and can be popularized and applied in large area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view showing a forestation position in application example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of forestation in application example 1;
FIG. 3 is a view showing the forestation position in application example 2;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of forestation in application example 2;
FIG. 5 is a view showing the forestation position in application example 3;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of forestation in application example 3.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is more fully explained in detail by combining the attached drawings.
A method for improving the afforestation survival rate in a semi-arid region comprises the following steps:
s1, seedbed irrigation: selecting 2-year seedlings or 2-1-year seedlings, wherein terminal buds are full, stems of the seedlings are straight, needle leaves are complete, color is normal, and the seedlings are I-class container seedlings without diseases and insect pests. The size of the container cup is 13 cm multiplied by 16 cm, the height of the seedling is 30-50 cm, and the ground diameter is more than 0.4 cm. Flood irrigation is carried out on the seedbed by using the big water 24-48 hours before seedling lifting for enough bottom water (1 irrigation), the container cup is lightly taken during seedling lifting, the container cup is ensured to be complete, the seedlings are prevented from separating from the container, and soil in the container is prevented from loosening. Filling 5 plants into 1 moisturizing bag, packaging, and loading into a transport vehicle, loading and stacking until the layers are within 3, so as to ensure that the container cups and the moisturizing bags are not scattered and the cups are not cracked;
s2, soaking and settling seedlings: selecting a planting point at a position with good drainage and shady ventilation, digging a water tank with the length, width and height of 5 m multiplied by 10 m multiplied by 0.3 m, paving the bottom and the surface layer of the water tank by using thick plastic cloth or waterproof materials, filling 15 cm water into the waterproof tank, soaking a nursery stock with a moisture-preserving bag into the water tank, fishing out within 1 hour, punching the bottom of the moisture-preserving bag, emptying redundant water, and preparing to go to a mountain for forestation after the soil lumps in a container cup are settled (1 settlement) and are tightly placed for 4-6 hours;
s3, irrigating in the pit: during afforestation, digging a pit under mechanical ditching or digging a planting hole in an artificial soil preparation pit, wherein the specification of the planting hole is determined according to the sizes of a container cup and a seedling, generally the diameter of the soil is about 2 times, after the seedling is placed with the requirement of depth, the seedling can be buried to be 5-10 cm above the soil mark of the seedling, about 1 liter of bottom water (2-pour) is filled in the pit, the container seedling is carefully and immediately taken off the cup and then is planted in the center of the pit, the planted seedling is righted, and the surface soil is covered and compacted along the periphery of the pit wall;
s4, submerged film covering: and (3) after 2-3 days of planting, trimming surrounding pits or scale pits, compacting soil with the width and the height of 30 cm, watering in the surrounding pits, and filling the planting pits with surface soil to the base parts of the 1 st layer branches after the soil is infiltrated and compacted (2 sinks) underwater to ensure that the seedlings are firmly fixed. The leveling pit is filled with soil to the shape of a positive pot bottom, and a drought-resistant film is laid to cover the surface soil so as to ensure the soil moisture content.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the method is applicable to tree species: conifers, pinus sylvestris, pinus tabulaeformis, picea sanderiana, and larch north China.
The conditions in the field are applied: in the natural distribution area or the successful introduction area of afforestation tree species, the method is suitable for planting seedlings and afforestation in sandy soil, chestnut calcium soil and gray forest soil which are difficult to control in semiarid areas, and sandy soil and loam which are used as soil texture.
Application example 1
Forestation sites:
the Xingsheng flag Wanhexheng Yongxingsheng Yicun in Chifeng city, the forest class No. 6, the small class No. 11, the small place name of Dongdao Ying, the right of the forestation land as a group, the land class before the forestation is the Yilin land, the area of the small class is 14 hectare, the type of the vertical land is the mountain land, the grade III, the slope is southwest, the height of the sea level is 1150 m, the soil name is black calcium soil, the thickness of the soil layer is more than 50 cm, the underground water level is 40-60 m, the vegetation type is alkaline grass, and the coverage is 40%. The specific location is shown in figure 1.
Table 1: statistics of afforestation operation
Effect investigation:
according to the survey of 9, 11 days in 2020, the density of the small forest planting is 1665 plants/hectare, the soil preparation specification is 50 cm multiplied by 30 cm, the planting tree species is pinus sylvestris, and the planting survival rate is 93.0%. In 2021, 9 and 2 days, the field observation shows that the afforestation method of the afforestation tree species can achieve the expected effect, and the specific effect is shown in figure 2.
Application example 2
Forestation sites:
the big branch forest farm of the flag cockscomb in akafeng city, forest class number 3, small class number 1, small place name: the method is characterized in that the Baiyin map is Moro, the ownership of the forestation land is a collective, the land before forestation is a suitable forest land, the area of each shift is 50 hectares, the land type flat gentle slope mountain land is a level I, the slope is southeast, the height of the sea level is 1200 meters, the soil name is mountain meadow soil, the soil thickness is more than 40 centimeters, the underground water level is 10-15 meters, the vegetation type gramineous herbaceous plants are taken as a main part, the coverage is 60%, and the specific positions are shown in figure 3.
Table two: statistics of afforestation technique
Effect investigation:
13 days of investigation in 10 months of 2020, the afforestation density is 2500 plants/hectare, the soil preparation specification is 50 cm multiplied by 30 cm, the afforestation tree species is the pure forest of larch in North China, and the afforestation survival rate is 94%. The observation of 2021, 9 months and 2 days shows that the afforestation of the afforestation tree species by the two-irrigation two-sedimentation method achieves the expected effect, which is shown in figure 4.
Application example 3
Forestation sites:
the Xinfeng Kshikungqi elm ditch forest farm comprises a forest class number 9 and a small class number 1-2, the rights of forestation land belong to the nationality, the forestation pre-land type suitable land is forest land, the area of two small classes is 16.7 hectares, the vertical land type gentle slope mountain land is provided, the slope grade II is northward, the height of the sea level is 800 meters, the soil is aeolian sandy soil, the thickness of the soil layer is more than 40 centimeters, the underground water level is 20-30 meters, the vegetation type artemisia desertorum is taken as the main part, the coverage degree is 30%, and the specific position is shown in figure 5.
Table three: statistics of afforestation technique
Effect investigation:
according to 13-day survey in 10 months and 2020, the density of the small-class afforestation is 2500 plants/hectare, the row spacing of the plants is 2 meters multiplied by 2 meters, the soil preparation specification is 50 centimeters multiplied by 30 centimeters, the afforestation tree species are spruce on sandy land, and the afforestation survival rate is 95.0 percent. The observation of 2021, 9, 2 days shows that the method for afforesting the tree species can achieve the expected effect, and the specific effect is shown in figure 6.
In semiarid regions, particularly in the eastern part of inner Mongolia plateau and most of loess plateau regions, the method of seedbed irrigation before seedling lifting, seedling soaking and seedling sinking compaction during temporary planting, pit irrigation during planting and submerged film covering after planting is adopted for afforestation, the annual survival rate and the growth amount of afforestation trees can meet the requirements of engineering afforestation, and the drought-resistant afforestation method for improving the survival rate of afforestation, reducing the number of replanting seedlings and the labor cost input can be popularized and applied in a large area.
In the description herein, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for improving the afforestation survival rate in a semi-arid region is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, seedbed irrigation: selecting 2-year seedlings or 2-1-year seedlings, wherein terminal buds are full, stems of the seedlings are straight, needle leaves are complete, color is normal, and the seedlings are I-class container seedlings without diseases and insect pests. The size of the container cup is 13 cm multiplied by 16 cm, the height of the seedling is 30-50 cm, and the ground diameter is more than 0.4 cm. And (3) flooding the water on the soles of the seedlings in the seedbed 24-48 hours before lifting the seedlings, lightly taking the seedlings during lifting the seedlings to ensure the integrity of the container cups, and avoiding the seedlings from separating from the container and loosening the soil in the container. Filling 5 plants into 1 moisturizing bag, packaging, and loading into a transport vehicle, loading and stacking until the layers are within 3, so as to ensure that the container cups and the moisturizing bags are not scattered and the cups are not cracked;
s2, soaking and settling seedlings: selecting a temporary planting point at a position with good drainage and shady ventilation, digging a water tank with the length, width and height of 5 m multiplied by 10 m multiplied by 0.3 m, paving the bottom and the surface layer of the water tank by using thick plastic cloth or waterproof materials, filling 15 cm water into the water tank, soaking a nursery stock with a moisture-preserving bag into the water tank, fishing out within 1 hour, punching the bottom of the moisture-preserving bag, emptying redundant water, settling soil lumps in a container cup, and tightly placing for 4-6 hours to prepare mountain afforestation;
s3, irrigating in the pit: during afforestation, digging a pit under mechanical ditching or digging a planting hole in an artificial soil preparation pit, wherein the specification of the planting hole is determined according to the size of a container cup and a seedling, generally the diameter of the soil body is about 2 times, after the seedling is placed with the requirement of depth, the seedling can be buried to be 5-10 cm above the soil mark of the seedling, about 1 liter of bottom water is filled in the pit, then the container seedling is carefully removed from the cup and is planted in the center of the pit (hole), the planted seedling is righted, and the surface soil is covered and compacted along the periphery of the pit wall;
s4, submerged film covering: and (3) trimming the surrounding pits or the scale pits after 2-3 days of planting, compacting the soil with the width and the height of 30 cm, watering in the surrounding pits, and filling the planting pits with surface soil to the base parts of the first layer of lateral branches after the soil is infiltrated and compacted underwater to ensure that the seedlings are firmly fixed. The leveling pit is filled with soil to the shape of a positive pot bottom, and a drought-resistant film is laid to cover the surface soil so as to ensure the soil moisture content.
2. The method for improving the afforestation survival rate in the semiarid region according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the method is applicable to tree species: pinus sylvestris, pinus tabulaeformis, spruce on sand, and larch from north China.
3. The method for improving the afforestation survival rate in the semiarid region according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the conditions in the field are applied: in the natural distribution area or the successful introduction area of afforestation tree species, the method is suitable for planting seedlings and afforestation in sandy soil, chestnut calcium soil and gray forest soil which are difficult to control in semiarid areas, and sandy soil and loam which are used as soil texture.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114521442A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-05-24 | 唐山山杉园林绿化工程有限责任公司 | Drought sand container afforestation method |
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