CN113906944A - Bougainvillea spectabilis florescence regulation and control method - Google Patents
Bougainvillea spectabilis florescence regulation and control method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The application discloses a bougainvillea spectabilis florescence regulation and control method, which sequentially comprises the steps of young seedling management, big seedling management and flower forcing, wherein the flower forcing step comprises 50-70 days before the target florescence of bougainvillea spectabilis, controlling water for the big seedling of the bougainvillea spectabilis for 1-10 days, and then carrying out leaf surface spraying and root irrigation treatment on the big seedling of the bougainvillea spectabilis by adopting plant growth regulator prohexadione calcium. The method and the device do not need to strictly monitor the growth condition of the plants, and the flower can be promoted by controlling water once, so that the condition that the plants are drought and die due to monitoring negligence when controlling water for many times is reduced; and then reduce work load, reduce manpower, material resources and time cost, and can guarantee the plant flowering rate.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of flower planting, in particular to a regulating and controlling method for bougainvillea spectabilis florescence.
Background
Bougainvillea spp, also known as leaf flower, rhododendron, jikui, etc., is native to southern america and is generally a hybrid or horticultural species of Bougainvillea (b.spectabilis), deltoid (b.glabrara) and peruvian (b.peruviana) which are more ornamental in the genus deltoid, and the semi-climbing woody plants of the genus deltoid (nytaginacea). Bougainvillea spectabilis grows vigorously in tropical and subtropical regions, is drought-resistant, barren, warm-loving and breathable, has low requirements on cultivation environment, and is a common tree species for municipal administration, road greening, courtyard and park beautifying; and because the branches grow fast and have certain flexibility, bougainvillea spectabilis is commonly used for constructing bonsais, piles, plant shapes, plant corridors, archways and the like. With the recent rise of home gardening, bougainvillea spectabilis pot plants are popular with flower markets and consumers, and are one of popular market types in the flower market in recent years. Bougainvillea spectabilis has higher genetic diversity in the aspects of flower color, leaf color and the like, and covers a plurality of flower colors such as white, pink, purple, red, yellow and the like; has various leaf processes such as leaf of Henry hemlock, leaf of golden skirt, leaf of golden heart, leaf of macula, leaf of Spatula and the like. Bougainvillea spectabilis has high ornamental value, and is popular in tropical and subtropical regions because of rich and various colors, long flowering period and capability of flowering all the year round, but in practical application, phenomena of no flowering due to long leaves, disorder of plant types, inconsistent flowering period and the like often occur, and ornamental value is affected.
The regulating and controlling method for bougainvillea spectabilis in production is mainly water-controlling regulation and control, namely bougainvillea spectabilis enters a drought stress state in a water-controlling mode, and when leaves of the bougainvillea spectabilis wilted to half and fall off, water and fertilizer are supplemented to rejuvenate plants; repeating the above steps for 2-3 times to make bougainvillea spectabilis flower.
However, the flowering phase of bougainvillea spectabilis is regulated and controlled in a water control mode, and the precise regulation of the flowering phase cannot be realized; in the regulation and control process, the plant growth condition needs to be closely monitored, otherwise, the plant death is easily caused. The water control regulation and control method cannot ensure the success rate, so that a large number of plants need to be regulated and controlled simultaneously in order to achieve the expected number of flowering plants, and waste is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the application provides a bougainvillea spectabilis florescence regulation and control method, so as to solve the problems that bougainvillea spectabilis florescence regulation and control in the prior art is large in workload, high in cost and incapable of being accurately regulated and controlled.
The technical scheme of the application is realized as follows:
a regulating and controlling method of bougainvillea spectabilis florescence sequentially comprises the steps of young seedling management, big seedling management and flower forcing, wherein the step of flower forcing is to control water for 1-10 days before 50-70 days of a bougainvillea spectabilis target florescence (the natural florescence of ground-cultivated bougainvillea spectabilis generally from 10 months to 5 months of the next year, but the florescence of a bougainvillea spectabilis pot is irregular), and then the plant growth regulator prohexadione calcium is adopted to carry out leaf surface spraying and root irrigation on the bougainvillea spectabilis.
The further technical proposal is that the mass concentration of the prohexadione calcium is 100-500 mg/L.
The further technical scheme is that the treatment frequency of leaf surface spraying and root irrigation in the flower forcing step is 7 days and 1 time, and the total times are 4 times.
And a further technical scheme is that when the leaf surface is sprayed and the root is irrigated, 5-15ml of prohexadione calcium and 40-60ml of root irrigation prohexadione calcium are sprayed on the leaf surface of each bougainvillea, and 45-75ml of prohexadione calcium is applied to each bougainvillea.
The further technical scheme is that the young seedling management is to select a cutting seedling with the plant height of 10-15cm and more root systems as a small seedling of bougainvillea spectabilis; transplanting the bougainvillea spectabilis plantlets into a flowerpot for field planting for 2-3 months; fertilizing for 2 times per month in a root irrigation mode; and cultivating and managing under the conditions of 15-32 deg.C, 20-40% shading degree and rainproof facilities. The temperature is preferably controlled to be 28-32 ℃ in the seedling management, and the temperature can not be lower than 15 ℃ by using heat preservation measures in winter.
The further technical scheme is that the large seedling management comprises the steps of selecting small seedlings with plant height of 20-30cm and more than 3 lateral branches as large boughs of boughs after the boughs of boughs are fixedly planted for 2-3 months; fertilizing for 2 times per month in a root irrigation mode; and cultivating and managing under the conditions of rain-proof facilities and full light.
According to a further technical scheme, the fertilizer in the young seedling management and big seedling management steps is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer, and the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer is N: p2O5:K2O=20:20:20。
A further technical scheme is that the fertilizer in the step of managing the big seedlings also comprises a high-potassium fertilizer, wherein the weight ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the high-potassium fertilizer is N: p2O5:K2O15: 10: and 30, alternately using the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer and the high-potassium fertilizer in the step of managing the big seedlings.
The further technical scheme is that the mass concentration of the fertilizer in the young seedling management and the big seedling management is 0.1-0.3%, and the pH of the fertilizer is 6.5-7.0.
The further technical proposal is that the fertilizing amount in the small seedling management and the large seedling management steps is based on that the fertilizer solution permeates the culture substrate and just drops from the bottom.
The fertilizer application in the young seedling management and the big seedling management in the application can also adopt one or more of fertilizers in other proportions, finished compound fertilizers, self-prepared fertilizers or organic fertilizers.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are:
(1) according to the method, the plant growth regulator prohexadione calcium is used for carrying out leaf surface spraying and root irrigation treatment on the bougainvillea spectabilis seedlings, so that the flowering period of the bougainvillea spectabilis is can be accurately regulated and controlled, the percentage of the bougainvillea spectabilis flowering plants reaches 80% about 63 days after the treatment is started, and the bougainvillea spectabilis flowering plants can be applied to municipal and road greening and courtyard and park beautifying in a short time;
(2) the method and the device do not need to strictly monitor the growth condition of the plants, and the flower can be promoted by controlling water once, so that the condition that the plants are drought and die due to monitoring negligence when controlling water for many times is reduced; and then reduce work load, reduce manpower, material resources and time cost, and can guarantee the plant flowering rate.
(3) According to the method, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer and the high-potassium fertilizer are adopted in the young seedling management and the big seedling management, so that the leaf growth of bougainvillea spectabilis is facilitated, fallen leaves are reduced, the protein content of the leaves is improved, the branches are promoted to be elongated and flourishing, then the number of flowering plants is large after flower forcing, and the success rate of flowering period regulation is improved.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the application, specific examples are provided below for further explanation of the application.
Example 1
Selecting a robust bougainvillea spectabilis variety 'green leaf orange' cutting seedling with a plant height of 10-15cm and more root systems, planting the cutting seedling in a flowerpot in 8 months in 2020, and managing the young seedling to 10 months; then selecting a bougainvillea spectabilis plant with a plant height of 20cm and 3 lateral branches as a big seedling for management, and performing a flower forcing step according to a target flowering phase during the big seedling management period, namely controlling water for the bougainvillea spectabilis plant big seedling for 1 day 50 days before the target flowering phase, and then performing leaf surface spraying and root irrigation treatment on the bougainvillea spectabilis plant growth regulator prohexadione calcium with the mass concentration of 100mg/L, wherein the treatment frequency is 7 days and 1 time, and the total times are 4 times; 5ml of prohexadione calcium and 40ml of prohexadione calcium are sprayed on the leaf surfaces of each bougainvillea leaf, and 45ml of prohexadione calcium is applied to each bougainvillea leaf.
The management of the seedlings is to fertilize for 2 times per month, and the fertilization mode is to irrigate roots; and cultivating and managing under the conditions of 15-20 deg.C, 20% shading degree and rainproof facility. The large seedling management is fertilization for 2 times per month, and the fertilization mode is root irrigation; and cultivating and managing under the conditions of rain-proof facilities and full light.
The fertilizer in the young seedling management and big seedling management steps is nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer, and the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer is N: p2O5:K2O=20:20:20。
The fertilizer in the step of managing the big seedlings also comprises a high-potassium fertilizer, wherein the weight ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the high-potassium fertilizer is N: p2O5:K2O15: 10: 30, in the step of managing the big seedlings, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer and the high-potassium fertilizer are used at intervals.
The mass concentration of the fertilizer in the young seedling management and the big seedling management is 0.1%, and the pH value of the fertilizer is 7.0. The fertilizing amount in the small seedling management and large seedling management steps is based on that the fertilizer solution permeates the culture medium and just drops from the bottom.
Example 2
Selecting a good-growing and strong bougainvillea spectabilis variety 'California gold' cutting seedling with the plant height of 10-15cm and more root systems, planting the cutting seedling in a flowerpot in 10 months in 2020, and managing the young seedling to 12 months; selecting bougainvillea spectabilis plants with plant height of more than 20cm and 3 lateral branches as big seedlings to regulate and control the flowering phase, namely controlling water for 10 days before the target flowering phase of the bougainvillea spectabilis, and then carrying out leaf surface spraying and root irrigation treatment on the bougainvillea spectabilis big seedlings by adopting plant growth regulator prohexadione calcium with mass concentration of 500mg/L, wherein the treatment frequency is 7 days and 1 time, and the total times are 4 times; spraying 15ml of prohexadione calcium and 60ml of root irrigation prohexadione calcium on leaf surfaces of each bougainvillea, and applying 75ml of prohexadione calcium to each bougainvillea.
In the young seedling management and big seedling management mode, young seedlings are cultivated and managed under the conditions of 20-28 ℃ of temperature, 40% of shading degree and rainproof facilities; the mass concentration of the fertilizer in the young seedling management and the big seedling management is 0.3%, and the rest is the same as that in the example 1.
Example 3
Selecting a good-growing and robust bougainvillea glabra variety 'Eaha husband' cutting seedling with the plant height of 10-15cm and more root systems, planting the cutting seedling in a flowerpot in 2021 year and 2 months, and managing the young seedling to 4 months; selecting bougainvillea spectabilis plants with plant height of more than 20cm and 3 lateral branches as big seedlings to carry out flowering phase regulation, namely controlling water for the bougainvillea spectabilis seedlings for 5 days 65 days before the target flowering phase of the bougainvillea spectabilis, and then carrying out leaf surface spraying and root irrigation treatment on the bougainvillea spectabilis seedlings by adopting plant growth regulator prohexadione calcium with mass concentration of 400mg/L, wherein the treatment frequency is 7 days and 1 time, and the total times are 4 times; 10ml of prohexadione calcium and 50ml of prohexadione calcium are sprayed on the leaf surface of each bougainvillea spectabilis, and 60ml of prohexadione calcium is applied to each bougainvillea spectabilis.
The fertilizer for the young seedling management and the big seedling management adopts organic fertilizer which is used as base fertilizer and applied into soil, the weight ratio of the organic fertilizer to the soil is 1:40-50, and other temperature control, shading and rain prevention are the same as those in the embodiment 1.
Example 4
The fertilizer for the young seedling management and the big seedling management adopts organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer is used as base fertilizer and applied into soil, and the weight ratio of the organic fertilizer to the soil is 1: 40-50. The other steps were the same as in example 2.
Example 5
Selecting a robust bougainvillea spectabilis variety 'green leaf cherry blossom' cutting seedling with the plant height of 10-15cm and more root systems, planting the cutting seedling in a flowerpot in 3 months in 2019, and managing the young seedling to 6 months; then 300 bougainvillea spectabilis plants with the plant height of more than 20cm and 3 lateral branches are selected as big seedlings for management.
The management of the seedlings is to fertilize for 2 times per month, and the fertilization mode is to irrigate roots; and cultivating and managing under the conditions of 28-32 deg.C, 30% shading degree and rainproof facility. The large seedling management is fertilization for 2 times per month, and the fertilization mode is root irrigation; and cultivating and managing under the conditions of rain-proof facilities and full light.
The fertilizer in the young seedling management and big seedling management steps is nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer, and the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer is N: p2O5:K2O20: 20: 20. the fertilizer in the step of managing the big seedlings also comprises a high-potassium fertilizer, wherein the weight ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the high-potassium fertilizer is N: p2O5:K2O15: 10: 30, in the step of managing the big seedlings, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer and the high-potassium fertilizer are used at intervals.
The mass concentration of the fertilizer in the young seedling management and the big seedling management is 0.2%, and the pH value of the fertilizer is 6.5. The fertilizing amount in the small seedling management and large seedling management steps is based on that the fertilizer solution permeates the culture medium and just drops from the bottom.
Flowering phase control experiment of example 5
Sequentially setting 5 concentration gradients of prohexadione calcium of 100mg/L, 200mg/L, 300mg/L, 400mg/L and 500mg/L as treatment 1 to treatment 5 for treatment; the control group was treated with clear water.
The flowering period regulation test is started at 20 days after 6 months, and watering is stopped for 7 days. The prohexadione calcium is applied at 26 days after 6 months, the application mode is leaf surface spraying and root irrigation, the treatment frequency is 7 days and 1 time, the total use frequency is 4 times, 10ml of prohexadione calcium and 50ml of root irrigation are sprayed on the leaf surface of each plant every time, and the total application amount of each plant is 60 ml.
After 4 applications of prohexadione calcium, continuous monitoring and measurement of the number of flowering plants started, and 5 plants were measured per treatment.
The results showed (see Table 1) that the flowering rate of bougainvillea spectabilis reached 80% at about 63 days after the start of the treatment at 400mg/L and 500mg/L, and the flowering rate reached the maximum at 63-85 days. In contrast, in the control group, none of the bougainvillea spectabilis plants which were not applied with prohexadione calcium were observed for 105 days, and the flowering percentage was 0%, i.e., none of the plants was flowering.
TABLE 1 number of flowering plants (%)
Date | Number of days | CK | Process 1 | Treatment 2 | Treatment 3 | Treatment 4 | Treatment 5 |
2019.07.24 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2019.08.4 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2019.08.20 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 20% | 0 | 40% | 20% |
2019.08.26 | 63 | 0 | 0 | 20% | 0 | 80% | 80% |
2019.08.29 | 66 | 0 | 60% | 60% | 40% | 80% | 80% |
2019.09.17 | 85 | 0 | 80% | 20% | 40% | 60% | 100% |
2019.09.24 | 92 | 0 | 80% | 40% | 40% | 0 | 20% |
2019.10.07 | 105 | 0 | 40% | 40% | 0 | 20% | 20% |
Meanwhile, the influence of different treatments on indexes such as bougainvillea spectabilis leaf number, plant height and the like is also compared. It can be seen (see table 2) that after the prohexadione calcium is applied, bougainvillea spectabilis leaves grow vigorously and have higher plant height, and the protein content, chlorophyll content and the like of the leaves are obviously higher than those of the control treatment.
Particularly, the prohexadione calcium has certain functions of dwarfing and shortening internodes on the bougainvillea spectabilis, and the distance between new leaves (between 3 leaves) of the treated bougainvillea spectabilis plant can be shortened to 5-8 cm, so that the flower is more compact and the ornamental effect is better.
TABLE 2
Comparative example 1
The prohexadione-calcium was replaced by 6-BA (6-benzylaminopurine), and other steps and flowering-phase control experiment steps were the same as those in example 5.
As a result, it was found that in comparative example 1, about 95 days after the start of the treatment, the flowering rate of 500mg/L of the 6-BA-treated bougainvillea spectabilis flowering plants reached 65%, and the flowering rate reached the maximum; meanwhile, the leaf number of bougainvillea spectabilis is 5-8 leaves per plant, the leaf number is 15.6-29.5, the plant height is 19.45-23.83cm, the leaf protein content is 12.5321-15.3687mg/g FW, the chlorophyll content is 2.4873-3.9435mg/g FW, and the 3-leaf spacing is 12.4265-14.7546 cm. Compared with the comparative example 1, the flowering amount of the bougainvillea spectabilis of 80 percent at the 63 th day after the prohexadione calcium starts to treat in the example 5, and the flowering amount of the bougainvillea spectabilis of 100 percent at the 85 th day, which is much higher than that of the comparative example 1; the plant height and the leaf spacing of 3 leaves in the 5 treatment groups of example 5 are lower than those in comparative example 1, and the protein content and the chlorophyll content are higher than those in comparative example 1.
Compared with 6-BA, the prohexadione calcium can improve the number of flowering plants of bougainvillea spectabilis in a short time and ensure the flowering quantity of the bougainvillea spectabilis, and the protein content and the chlorophyll content in the bougainvillea spectabilis leaves are higher; it should be verified again that prohexadione calcium has certain effects of dwarfing and shortening internodes on bougainvillea spectabilis.
Flowering phase control comparative experiment of example 2 and example 4
TABLE 3
As can be seen from Table 3, the organic fertilizer is adopted in the management of the young seedlings and the large seedlings, the number of fallen leaves of each plant is large, the number of leaves is small, the plant height is low, and the protein content and the number of flowering plants are lower than those of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer and the high-potassium fertilizer.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of bougainvillea spectabilis is characterized in that: the method sequentially comprises the steps of young seedling management, big seedling management and flower forcing, wherein the step of flower forcing is to control water for 1-10 days before the target flowering phase of bougainvillea spectabilis, and then the plant growth regulator prohexadione calcium is adopted to carry out leaf surface spraying and root irrigation treatment on the bougainvillea spectabilis.
2. The method for regulating bougainvillea spectabilis florescence according to claim 1, wherein: the mass concentration of the prohexadione calcium is 100-500 mg/L.
3. The method for regulating bougainvillea spectabilis florescence according to claim 1, wherein: in the step of forcing flower, the treatment frequency of leaf surface spraying and root irrigation treatment is 7 days and 1 time, and the total times is 4 times.
4. The method for regulating bougainvillea spectabilis florescence according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: when the leaf surface is sprayed and the root is irrigated, 5-15ml of prohexadione calcium and 40-60ml of root irrigation prohexadione calcium are sprayed on the leaf surface of each bougainvillea spectabilis each time, and 45-75ml of prohexadione calcium is applied to each bougainvillea spectabilis.
5. The method for regulating bougainvillea spectabilis florescence according to claim 1, wherein: selecting cutting seedlings with the plant height of 10-15cm and more root systems of bougainvillea glabra plants as bougainvillea glabra plantlets for seedling management; transplanting the bougainvillea spectabilis plantlets into a flowerpot for 2-3 months for field planting; fertilizing for 2 times per month in a root irrigation mode; and cultivating and managing under the conditions of 15-32 ℃ of temperature, 20-40% of shading degree and rainproof facilities.
6. The method for regulating bougainvillea spectabilis florescence according to claim 1, wherein: the large seedling management comprises the steps of selecting small seedlings with plant height of 20-30cm and more than 3 lateral branches as large boughs of boughs after the boughs of boughs are fixedly planted for 2-3 months; fertilizing for 2 times per month in a root irrigation mode; and cultivating and managing under the conditions of rain-proof facilities and full light.
7. The method for controlling bougainvillea spectabilis florescence according to claim 5 or 6, wherein: the fertilizer in the young seedling management and big seedling management steps is nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer, and the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer is N: p2O5:K2O=20:20:20。
8. The method for controlling bougainvillea spectabilis florescence according to claim 7, wherein: the fertilizer in the step of managing the big seedlings also comprises a high-potassium fertilizer, wherein the weight ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the high-potassium fertilizer is N: p2O5:K2O15: 10: and 30, alternately using the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer and the high-potassium fertilizer in the step of managing the big seedlings.
9. The method for controlling bougainvillea spectabilis florescence according to claim 5 or 6, wherein: the mass concentration of the fertilizer in the young seedling management and the big seedling management is 0.1-0.3%, and the pH value of the fertilizer is 6.5-7.0.
10. The method for controlling bougainvillea spectabilis florescence according to claim 5 or 6, wherein: the fertilizing amount in the small seedling management and large seedling management steps is based on that the fertilizer solution permeates the culture medium and just drops from the bottom.
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