CN113892669B - Baking method suitable for baking K326 tobacco leaves in mobile baking room and obtained tobacco leaves - Google Patents
Baking method suitable for baking K326 tobacco leaves in mobile baking room and obtained tobacco leaves Download PDFInfo
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- CN113892669B CN113892669B CN202111416553.1A CN202111416553A CN113892669B CN 113892669 B CN113892669 B CN 113892669B CN 202111416553 A CN202111416553 A CN 202111416553A CN 113892669 B CN113892669 B CN 113892669B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
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- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
The invention relates to a curing method suitable for curing K326 tobacco leaves in a mobile curing barn and the obtained tobacco leaves, and the cured tobacco leaves are obtained through furnace charging, a yellowing period, a color fixing period and a stem drying period. Aiming at baking K326 tobacco leaves by using a mobile curing barn, the baking parameters of a yellowing stage, a color fixing stage and a stem drying stage are comprehensively regulated and controlled, the wet bulb temperature and the temperature stabilizing time of the curing barn are regulated and controlled according to the baking state of the tobacco leaves in the whole baking stage, a plurality of temperature nodes are especially designed in three stages of the yellowing stage and the color fixing early stage, the color of the tobacco leaves is gradually and controllably changed, the color change of the tobacco leaves is coordinated with the water loss amount, the tobacco leaves are prevented from being hard and yellow or excessively yellow, the tobacco leaves are prevented from being burnt and withered when the moisture of the tobacco leaves is excessively high and the temperature rises in the later stage, the baking time of the yellowing stage and the color fixing stage is properly prolonged, the conversion of substances in the tobacco leaves is promoted, and the quality of the tobacco leaves is improved. The baking method is beneficial to baking high-quality K326 tobacco leaves by using the mobile baking room, and has great significance for further popularization of the mobile baking room.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco curing, and particularly relates to a curing method suitable for curing K326 tobacco leaves in a mobile curing barn.
Background
The K326 variety is a good flue-cured tobacco variety bred in the United states, has more than 30 years of history up to now, and still is one of good varieties at present. The variety is introduced into Yunnan in 1985, popularized and planted in the whole province, and is the first large variety in Yunnan and even China in the nineties. The K326 has medium and high yield, orange color, full color, much oil, thick smoke and strong strength, and is an ideal main material tobacco leaf.
The curing barn used for K326 curing is a traditional dense curing barn, and the curing process is mature. However, in recent years, as a major principle of the main production area of Yunnan tobacco leaves, frequent earthquakes occur in this year, and curing barn damage events caused by earthquakes already occur. If the earthquake happens in the tobacco leaf baking season, the baking room is damaged to a certain extent, and the tobacco leaf baking cannot be normally carried out when the baking room is damaged, so that a great amount of cured tobacco in a tobacco area has a serious phenomenon that the baking room is not used for baking. This is a huge loss not only for the tobacco grower, but also for the tobacco industry. Therefore, the popularization of the mobile curing barn is very important. Compared with the traditional bulk curing barn, the mobile curing barn has the characteristics of strong mobility, energy conservation, no damage to cultivated land, convenient transportation and the like, and simultaneously has strong anti-seismic safety, so that the mobile curing barn is suitable for the ground such as the frequent earthquake management.
Although the baking processes suitable for K326 are well established, these baking processes are mainly directed to conventional bulk curing barns and are not optimally adapted for mobile curing barns. When the parameters of the bulk curing barn are used for curing tobacco in the movable curing barn, the curing condition of tobacco leaves during actual curing can not be well adapted by temperature control and humidity control, and further the condition of bad cured tobacco is increased, the tobacco leaves are easy to hang ash and dry up, so that the upper-medium tobacco content is low, the lower-medium tobacco content is high, and the average price is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems that when the traditional bulk curing barn baking process is used for baking K326 in a mobile curing barn, tobacco leaves are easy to hang ash and dry, the upper medium smoke content is low and the like, the invention provides a baking method suitable for baking K326 tobacco leaves in the mobile curing barn. The invention also provides the cured tobacco leaf obtained by the curing method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a baking method suitable for baking K326 tobacco leaves in a mobile baking room comprises charging, yellowing stage, color fixing stage and stem drying stage to obtain cured tobacco leaves;
when charging, the collected fresh tobacco leaves are arranged into a tobacco charging chamber of a mobile curing barn after being knitted into rods according to the conventional method;
controlling the yellowing stage during baking to comprise a pre-yellowing stage, a middle yellowing stage and a later yellowing stage;
in the early yellowing stage, the temperature of a dry bulb is increased to 32-34 ℃ from room temperature at the heating rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of a wet bulb is adjusted to 32-34 ℃ from room temperature, and the dry bulb and the wet bulb are stably baked for 2-4 h; then, at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, heating the dry bulb temperature to 35-36 ℃ from the room temperature, adjusting the wet bulb temperature to 33-34 ℃ from the room temperature, and stably baking the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature until the tips of the tobacco leaves in the middle layer turn yellow by 5-8 cm;
then, in the middle yellowing stage, the dry bulb is heated to 38-39 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, the temperature of the wet bulb is adjusted to 35-36 ℃, and the dry bulb and the wet bulb are stably baked until the middle layer becomes yellow 8 degrees and the leaves become soft; then, heating the dry balls to 40-41 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 35-36 ℃, and stabilizing the dry and wet ball temperatures until the middle layer turns yellow 9, so as to obtain the main pulse soft collapse frame;
then, in the later yellowing stage, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased to 42-43 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, the temperature of the wet bulb is adjusted to 33.5-35.5 ℃, the temperature of the dry bulb and the wet bulb is stabilized and baked until the middle layer is totally yellow, and the tip of the dry bulb and the wet bulb are hooked and slightly curled; then, at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2-3h, the temperature of the dry balls is increased to 45-46 ℃, the temperature of the wet balls is adjusted to 34-36 ℃, and the dry and wet balls are stably baked until the middle layer is full yellow except for the larger main vein first-level veins, and the tobacco leaves are severely hooked, tipped and curled;
in the early stage of color fixation, after the end of the later stage of yellowing, the temperature of a dry bulb is raised to 48-49 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2-3h, the temperature of a wet bulb is adjusted to 34-36 ℃, and the dry bulb and the wet bulb are stably baked until the branch veins in the middle layer are all yellow, the main veins are faded to yellow, and the tobacco leaves are wound into small rolls; then entering a color fixing middle period, raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 52-54 ℃ at the temperature rise rate of 1 ℃/1h, adjusting the temperature of the wet bulb to 36-37 ℃, and baking the dry bulb and the wet bulb to a full-furnace large reel at stable temperature; then, in the later stage of color fixing, the temperature of the dry bulb is raised to 58-60 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/1h, the temperature of the wet bulb is adjusted to 38-39 ℃, and the dry bulb and the wet bulb are stably baked until the main pulse of the tobacco leaves is more than one third;
and controlling the dry-bulb temperature to 65-68 ℃ in the final color fixing period, adjusting the wet-bulb temperature to 39-40 ℃, and stabilizing the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature until the main pulse of the whole furnace is completely dry.
In the step of charging, tobacco leaves are dense at the top and thin at the bottom, 1-2 tobacco rods are gradually reduced, staggered intersection is formed, the size of the tobacco charging chamber is 6000mm in length, 2700mm in width and 3500mm in height, and the tobacco charging amount is 250-280 tobacco rods.
And in the steps of the yellowing stage, the color fixing stage and the stem drying stage, the temperature of the wet bulb and the temperature stabilizing time in the curing barn are regulated and controlled in time according to the curing state of tobacco leaves.
The corresponding relation between the baking time in the yellowing period and the baking degree of the tobacco leaves is as follows:
in the early stage of yellowing, the stable dry-bulb temperature and the stable wet-bulb temperature are respectively 35-36 ℃ and 33-34 ℃ for baking for 8-12 hours until the leaf tips of the tobacco leaves in the middle layer are yellow by 5-8 cm; in the middle yellowing stage, the stable dry and wet bulb temperatures are respectively 38-39 ℃ and 35-36 ℃ for baking for 14-18h until the middle layer becomes yellow 8 and the leaves become soft; the dry and wet bulb temperature is stabilized to 40-41 ℃ and 35-36 ℃ respectively, and the mixture is baked for 8-12h until the middle layer turns yellow 9, and the main pulse is soft and collapsed; in the later yellowing stage, the stable dry and wet bulb temperatures are respectively 42-43 ℃ and 33.5-35.5 ℃ for baking for 12-16h until the middle layer is totally yellow, and the tip is hooked and slightly curled; the stable dry and wet bulb temperatures are 45-46 ℃ and 34-36 ℃ respectively, the baking is carried out for 10-14h until the middle layer is full yellow except the larger first-level branch, and the tobacco leaves are severely hooked and curled.
Specifically, in the later yellowing stage, the dry bulb temperature is increased to 42 ℃, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 35 ℃, the temperature of the dry bulb and the wet bulb temperature are baked for 4-6 hours at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2 hours, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 34 ℃, the temperature of the dry bulb and the wet bulb temperature are baked for 3-6 hours when the tobacco leaves are slowly dehydrated and the leaf tips are not obviously dried, then the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 33.5 ℃, the moisture is forcibly discharged, the temperature of the dry bulb and the wet bulb temperature are baked for 3-5 hours until the middle layer is full yellow, and the tip hooking is slightly curled.
In the early stage of color fixing, the dry and wet bulb temperature is stabilized for 14-18h until the middle layer branch veins are all yellow, the main veins are faded to yellow, and the tobacco leaves are wound into small rolls; in the middle stage of color fixing, the dry and wet bulb temperature is stabilized and the baking is carried out for 8 to 16 hours until the whole furnace large drum is obtained; and in the later stage of color fixing, the tobacco leaves are stably baked at the dry and wet bulb temperatures for 12-18h until the main pulse of the tobacco leaves is more than one third.
And controlling the dry stem and stem period to raise the dry bulb temperature to 65-68 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature to 39-40 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/h after the fixation period, stabilizing the dry and wet bulb temperatures for baking for 16-24h, and stopping fire when the main vein of the low-temperature layer tobacco leaves in the baking room is observed to be dry. If the mobile curing barn is an air-flow ascending curing barn, the low-temperature layer is the tobacco leaf at the uppermost layer; if the mobile curing barn is an airflow descending curing barn, the low-temperature layer is the tobacco leaves at the lowest layer.
And (3) harvesting and baking the tobacco leaves in rainy days, wherein a circulating fan is required to be opened for air blowing for 1-2 hours before the tobacco leaves are fired until no obvious water drops flow downwards on the tobacco leaves.
The invention also relates to cured tobacco leaves obtained by the curing method suitable for curing the K326 tobacco leaves in the mobile curing barn.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the invention relates to a baking method suitable for baking K326 in a mobile baking room, which aims at the characteristics of good sealing performance, good heat preservation and moisture preservation, higher temperature and humidity control accuracy and stability of the mobile baking room, and has the following improvements in order to match the color of tobacco leaves with the moisture content of the tobacco leaves: timely moisture removal is paid attention to in a tobacco curing room, for example, tobacco leaves are harvested and cured in a rainy day, and a circulating fan needs to be opened for air blowing for 1-2 hours before fire is started, so that the moisture removal purpose is achieved. During the baking, along with the baking, according to the moisture content of the tobacco leaves in the middle and later yellowing stages, if moisture is required to be discharged, the temperature of a wet bulb is gradually reduced to 33.5 ℃ at the lowest, and forced moisture discharge is carried out, so that overhigh humidity in the later yellowing stage is avoided. A plurality of dry and wet bulb temperature nodes are designed in three stages of a yellowing stage and a color fixing earlier stage, the yellowing stage and the color fixing stage baking time are properly prolonged, the color of tobacco leaves is slowly changed and is easy to control, so that the color change of the tobacco leaves is coordinated with the moisture content of the tobacco leaves, the tobacco leaves are prevented from being hard and yellow or excessively yellow, and the phenomena of ash hanging and dry smoke during heating in the yellowing later stage or the color fixing initial stage due to the overhigh moisture of the tobacco leaves are avoided. In addition, in terms of baking time, the yellowing period is properly prolonged by 6-28h and the color fixing period is properly prolonged by 4-12h, particularly the baking time from the yellowing period after 38 ℃ to the early stage of color fixing at 48 ℃ is prolonged, the conversion of content substances of the tobacco leaves can be promoted, the quality of the tobacco leaves is improved, the proportion of middle-grade and high-grade tobacco is high, and the economic value is higher.
In a word, according to the baking state of the tobacco leaves in the whole baking stage, the baking method provided by the invention is used for paying attention to regulating and controlling the wet bulb temperature and the temperature stabilizing time of the baking room and timely dehumidifying so as to enable the color change and the water loss change of the tobacco leaves in the whole stage to be matched with the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature of the environment, the baked tobacco leaves are good in quality, meanwhile, the form change of the tobacco leaves is utilized to correspond to each dry bulb temperature point and each wet bulb temperature point, the observation in the baking process is facilitated, the flue-cured tobacco state is paid attention to in time, and the bad tobacco is avoided. The method is not only beneficial to baking the high-quality K326 tobacco leaves by using the mobile baking room, but also has great significance for further popularization of the mobile baking room.
The invention also has the following beneficial technical effects:
the temperature point of 58-60 ℃ is increased in the period of the fixed color period, so that a higher starting point is provided for the subsequent temperature rise from the fixed color period to the dry rib period, the phenomenon that the tobacco stem is green due to overhigh temperature rise is avoided, the tobacco leaf substance conversion is promoted, and the yellow tobacco rate is improved; because the movable curing barn overcomes the defect of temperature difference of the traditional curing barn, the energy consumption of temperature stabilization in the whole process is reduced, the tendon drying period can be properly shortened, and compared with a bulk curing barn, the method can save more than 20 percent of energy.
In the step of loading, tobacco leaves are dense at the top and thin at the bottom, 1-2 rods of tobacco are gradually reduced to form staggered intersection, the size of a tobacco loading chamber of the movable curing barn is 6000mm in length, 2700mm in width and 3500mm in height, the tobacco loading amount is 280 rods, so that ventilation is facilitated, the temperature difference between the upper layer and the lower layer and the plane temperature difference are reduced, the temperature accuracy is improved, and the change consistency of the tobacco leaves is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment relates to a baking method suitable for baking K326 tobacco leaves in a mobile baking room, which belongs to an airflow descending baking room, wherein the size of a tobacco loading chamber of the baking room is 6000mm in length, 2700mm in width and 3500mm in height, and the tobacco loading chamber is divided into three layers for loading tobacco, namely a middle layer, a top layer and a bottom layer. The method comprises the following steps:
s100: according to the requirements that tobacco ribs become white, leaf surfaces are light yellow, and most of antler hairs fall off, the K326 ripe fresh tobacco leaves planted in the Yangbi county of Dali are harvested according to the experiment.
S200: and (3) weaving the collected fresh tobacco leaves into rods according to the conventional method, wherein the tobacco leaves are dense at the top and thin at the bottom, reducing 1-2 rods of tobacco gradually to form the requirement of staggered crossing, loading the tobacco leaves into a mobile curing barn, and suggesting the tobacco loading quantity to be 260 rods to be cured.
S300: the yellowing stage comprises a yellowing early stage, a yellowing middle stage and a yellowing later stage, wherein the dry bulb temperature is increased to 33 ℃ from room temperature in the yellowing early stage at a heating rate of 1 ℃/h, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 33 ℃ from room temperature, and the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stably baked for 2 h. Then, at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, the dry bulb temperature is increased from room temperature to 36 ℃, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted from room temperature to 34 ℃, and the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized and baked for 8-10h until the leaf tips of the tobacco leaves in the middle layer turn yellow for 5-8 cm; and then, in the middle yellowing stage, heating the dry balls to 38 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 36 ℃, stabilizing the temperature of the dry balls and the wet balls, baking for 8-10h, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 35.5 ℃, and baking for 6-8h until the middle layer turns yellow 8 and the leaves are soft. Then, at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, the dry bulb is heated to 40 ℃, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 35-35.5 ℃, the dry bulb and the wet bulb are stably baked for 8-10h until the middle layer turns yellow 9, and the main pulse is soft and collapsed; and then, in the later stage of yellowing, raising the temperature of the dry balls to 42 ℃ at the rate of 1 ℃/2h, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 34.5-35.5 ℃, stabilizing the temperature of the dry balls and the temperature of the wet balls, baking for 8h, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 35 ℃, baking for 4-6h until the middle layer is fully yellow, and slightly curling the edges. And then, at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2-3h, the temperature of the dry pellets is increased to 45 ℃, the temperature of the wet pellets is adjusted to 35-36 ℃, and the dry and wet pellets are stably baked for 12-14h until the middle layer is totally yellow except for the larger primary branch, and the tobacco leaves are severely hooked and curled.
S400: the fixing period comprises a fixing early stage, a fixing middle stage and a fixing later stage, wherein the fixing early stage is to raise the temperature of a dry bulb to 48 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/2-3h after the yellowing later stage is finished, adjust the temperature of a wet bulb to 34.5-36 ℃, stabilize the dry and wet bulb temperature and bake for 14-16 h until the branch veins of the middle layer are all yellow, the main veins are faded to yellow, and the tobacco leaves are wound into small rolls; then entering a color fixing middle stage, raising the dry bulb temperature to 54 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/1h, adjusting the wet bulb temperature to 37 ℃, and stabilizing the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature to bake for 15h to the whole furnace large winding drum; and then, in the later stage of color fixing, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased to 60 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/1h, the temperature of the wet bulb is adjusted to 38 ℃, and the dry and wet bulb temperature is stabilized and baked for 16h to be more than one third of the main pulse of the tobacco leaves.
S500: controlling a muscle drying period: the dry-rib period is that after the fixation period is finished, the dry-bulb temperature is increased to 68 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/1h, the wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 39 ℃, and the dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures are stabilized and baked for 20h until the main pulse of the whole furnace is completely dry. Paying attention to the drying condition of the tobacco leaves at the stem drying period, stopping heating when the main veins of the tobacco leaves in the low-temperature layer of the curing barn are dry, and then cooling and taking out of the curing barn. Because the mobile flue-curing barn belongs to an air flow descending type, the low-temperature layer is arranged at the lowest part.
Example 2
A baking method suitable for baking K326 tobacco leaves in a mobile baking room belongs to an airflow descending baking room, wherein the size of a tobacco loading chamber of the baking room is 6000mm in length, 2700mm in width and 3500mm in height, and the tobacco is loaded in three layers, namely a middle layer, a top layer and a bottom layer. The method comprises the following steps:
s100: according to the requirements that tobacco ribs become white, leaf surfaces are light yellow, and most of antler hairs fall off, the K326 ripe fresh tobacco leaves planted in the Yangbi county of Dali are harvested according to the experiment.
S200: and (3) weaving the collected fresh tobacco leaves into rods according to the conventional method, wherein the tobacco leaves are dense at the top and thin at the bottom, reducing 1-2 rods of tobacco gradually to form the requirement of staggered crossing, loading the tobacco leaves into a mobile curing barn, and suggesting that the tobacco loading amount is 270 rods to be cured.
S300: the yellowing period comprises a yellowing early stage, a yellowing middle stage and a yellowing later stage, wherein the temperature of a dry bulb is increased to 33 ℃ from room temperature in the yellowing early stage at a heating rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of a wet bulb is adjusted to 32 ℃ from room temperature, and the dry bulb and the wet bulb are stably baked for 4 h. Then, at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, the dry bulb temperature is increased from room temperature to 35 ℃, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted from room temperature to 34 ℃, and the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized and baked for 12h until the leaf tips of the tobacco leaves in the middle layer turn yellow for 5-8 cm; and then, in the middle yellowing stage, the dry bulb is heated to 38 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 36 ℃, and the dry bulb and the wet bulb are stably baked for 16h until the middle layer turns yellow 8 and the leaves are soft. Then, at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, heating the dry balls to 40 ℃, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 35-35.5 ℃, stabilizing the temperature of the dry balls and the temperature of the wet balls, baking for 8h until the middle layer turns yellow 9, and ensuring that the main pulse is soft and collapsed; and then, in the later yellowing stage, raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 42 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, adjusting the temperature of the wet bulb to 34.5-35.5 ℃, stabilizing the temperature of the dry bulb and the temperature of the wet bulb, baking for 12h until the middle layer is totally yellow, and hooking the tip and slightly curling. And then, at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2-3h, the temperature of the dry balls is increased to 46 ℃, the temperature of the wet balls is adjusted to 34-35 ℃, the dry and wet ball temperature is stabilized and baked for 12-14h until the middle layer is full yellow except for the primary branch of the larger main vein, and the tobacco leaves are severely hooked and curled.
S400: the fixing period comprises a fixing early stage, a fixing middle stage and a fixing later stage, wherein the fixing early stage is to raise the dry bulb temperature to 48 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2-3h after the yellowing later stage is finished, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 34.5-35.5 ℃, the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized and baked for 16h until the branch veins of the middle layer are all yellow, the main veins are faded to yellow, and the tobacco leaves are wound into small rolls; then, entering a color fixing middle period, raising the dry bulb temperature to 52 ℃ at a temperature rise rate of 1 ℃/1h, adjusting the wet bulb temperature to 36.5 ℃, and stably baking the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature for 16h to a full-furnace large winding drum; and then, in the later stage of color fixing, the temperature of the dry bulb is raised to 58 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/1h, the temperature of the wet bulb is adjusted to 38 ℃, and the dry and wet bulb temperature is stabilized and baked for 16h to be more than one third of the main pulse of the tobacco leaves.
S500: the dry-rib period is that after the fixation period is finished, the dry-bulb temperature is increased to 65 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/1h, the wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 39 ℃, and the dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures are stabilized and baked for 24h until the main pulse of the whole furnace is completely dry. And then the mixture is cooled and taken out of the curing barn.
Example 3
A baking method suitable for baking K326 tobacco leaves in a mobile baking room belongs to an airflow descending baking room, wherein the size of a tobacco loading chamber of the baking room is 6000mm in length, 2700mm in width and 3500mm in height, and the tobacco is loaded in three layers, namely a middle layer, a top layer and a bottom layer. The method comprises the following steps:
s100: according to the requirements that tobacco ribs become white, leaf surfaces are light yellow, and most of antler hairs fall off, the K326 ripe fresh tobacco leaves planted in the Yangbi county of Dali are harvested according to the experiment.
S200: the collected fresh tobacco leaves are woven into rods according to the conventional method, the tobacco leaves are dense at the top and thin at the bottom, 1-2 rods of tobacco leaves are gradually reduced, the requirement of staggered crossing is formed, the tobacco leaves are loaded into a movable curing barn, the tobacco loading amount is recommended to be 260 rods, and the tobacco leaves are to be cured.
S300: the yellowing period comprises a yellowing early stage, a yellowing middle stage and a yellowing later stage, wherein the temperature of a dry bulb is increased to 32 ℃ from room temperature in the yellowing early stage at a heating rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of a wet bulb is adjusted to 32 ℃ from room temperature, and the dry bulb and the wet bulb are stably baked for 3 h. Then, at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, the dry bulb temperature is increased from room temperature to 35 ℃, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted from room temperature to 34 ℃, and the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized and baked for 12h until the leaf tips of the tobacco leaves in the middle layer turn yellow for 5-8 cm; and then, in the middle yellowing stage, the dry bulb is heated to 38.5 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, the temperature of the wet bulb is adjusted to 35.5-36 ℃, and the dry bulb and the wet bulb are stably baked for 16h until the middle layer becomes yellow 8 and the leaves become soft. Then, heating the dry balls to 40 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 35-35.5 ℃, and stabilizing the dry and wet ball temperatures for baking for 8-10h until the middle layer turns yellow 9, so as to obtain the soft collapse frame for the main pulse; and then, in the later yellowing stage, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased to 42 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is adjusted to 35 ℃, the temperature is stabilized and baked for 4-6h at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, the temperature of the wet bulb is adjusted to 34.5 ℃, the temperature is stabilized and baked for 4-6h, the temperature of the wet bulb is adjusted to 33.5 ℃, the moisture is forcibly discharged, the temperature is stabilized and baked for 4h until the middle layer is totally yellow, and the tip is hooked and slightly curled. And then, at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2-3h, the temperature of the dry balls is increased to 46 ℃, the temperature of the wet balls is adjusted to 34-35 ℃, the dry and wet ball temperature is stabilized and baked for 12-14h until the middle layer is full yellow except for the primary branch of the larger main vein, and the tobacco leaves are severely hooked and curled.
S400: the fixing period comprises a fixing early stage, a fixing middle stage and a fixing later stage, wherein the fixing early stage is to raise the temperature of a dry bulb to 48 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/2-3h after the yellowing later stage is finished, adjust the temperature of a wet bulb to 35-36 ℃, stabilize the dry and wet bulb temperature and bake for 14h until the branch veins of the middle layer are all yellow, the main veins are faded to yellow, and the tobacco leaves are wound into small rolls; then, entering a color fixing middle period, raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 54 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/1h, adjusting the temperature of the wet bulb to 37 ℃, and stably baking the dry bulb and the wet bulb for 16h to a full-furnace large winding drum; and then, in the later stage of color fixing, the temperature of the dry bulb is raised to 60 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/1h, the temperature of the wet bulb is adjusted to 38 ℃, and the dry and wet bulb is stably baked for 14h until the main pulse of the tobacco leaves is more than one third.
S500: the dry-rib period is that after the fixation period is finished, the dry-bulb temperature is increased to 68 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/1h, the wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 39 ℃, and the dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures are stabilized and baked for 22h until the main pulse of the whole furnace is completely dry. And then the mixture is cooled and taken out of the curing barn.
Comparative example 1
The tobacco leaf is baked by using the movable curing barn according to the parameters of the intensive curing barn, the movable curing barn belongs to the airflow descending type curing barn, the tobacco containing chamber of the curing barn has the dimensions of 6000mm in length, 2700mm in width and 3500mm in height, the tobacco containing chambers are filled with tobacco in three layers, and the movable curing barn belongs to the airflow descending type curing barn and is filled with tobacco in three layers, namely a middle layer, a top layer and a bottom layer. The method comprises the following steps:
s100: according to the requirements that tobacco ribs become white, leaf surfaces are light yellow, and most of antler hairs fall off, the K326 ripe fresh tobacco leaves planted in the Yangbi county of Dali are harvested according to the experiment.
S200: and (3) weaving the collected fresh tobacco leaves into rods according to the conventional method, wherein the tobacco leaves are dense at the top and thin at the bottom, reducing 1-2 rods of tobacco gradually to form the requirement of staggered crossing, loading the tobacco leaves into a mobile curing barn, and suggesting the tobacco loading quantity to be 260 rods to be cured.
S300: the yellowing period comprises a yellowing early stage, a yellowing middle stage and a yellowing later stage, wherein the temperature of a dry bulb is increased to 34 ℃ from room temperature in the yellowing early stage at a heating rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of a wet bulb is adjusted to 32 ℃ from room temperature, and the dry bulb and the wet bulb are stably baked for 16 h. In the middle yellowing stage, at a heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, the temperature of the dry balls is increased from room temperature to 38 ℃, the temperature of the wet balls is adjusted from room temperature to 35 ℃, the dry and wet ball temperatures are stabilized and baked for 20h until the tobacco leaves in the middle layer turn yellow 8 or so, and the leaves are softened; and then, in the later yellowing stage, the temperature of the dry balls is raised to 42 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, the temperature of the wet balls is adjusted to 35.5 ℃, and the dry and wet balls are stably baked for 12h until the middle layer is totally yellow.
S400: the fixing period comprises a fixing early stage and a fixing later stage, wherein the fixing early stage is to raise the temperature of a dry bulb to 46 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/2-3h after the yellowing later stage is finished, adjust the temperature of a wet bulb to 36 ℃, stabilize the dry and wet bulb temperatures and bake for 12h until the branch veins of the middle layer are all yellow, the main veins are faded to yellow, and the tobacco leaves are hooked and curled; and then, in the later stage of color fixing, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased to 55 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/1h, the temperature of the wet bulb is adjusted to 39 ℃, the dry and wet bulb temperatures are stabilized and baked for 28-30h until the tobacco leaves are wound into large rolls, and the leaves are dried.
S500: controlling a tendon drying period: the dry-rib period is that after the fixation period is finished, the dry-bulb temperature is increased to 68 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/1h, the wet-bulb temperature is adjusted to 40 ℃, and the dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures are stabilized and baked for 24-26h until the main pulse of the whole furnace is completely dry. Paying attention to the drying condition of the tobacco leaves at any moment in the stem drying period, stopping heating when the main veins of the tobacco leaves in the low-temperature layer of the curing barn are dry, and then cooling and taking out of the curing barn. Because the mobile curing barn belongs to an air flow descending type, the low-temperature layer is at the lowest.
The tobacco leaves prepared in examples 1, 2 and 3 and the tobacco leaves in comparative example 1 were measured for their post-curing indicators, and the results are shown in tables 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively.
TABLE 1 evaluation of aroma substance content of K326 tobacco leaves from Dalizhou Yangbi county
| Treatment of | Ketones | Alcohols | Aldehydes | Acids (acids) | Olefins and process for their preparation | Heterocycles | Esters as pesticides | Total up to |
| Example 1 | 8.82 | 16.33 | 2.37 | 3.32 | 174.58 | 0.24 | 1.94 | 207.60 |
| Example 2 | 6.36 | 9.01 | 1.82 | 1.78 | 178.22 | 0.15 | 0.78 | 198.12 |
| Example 3 | 9.78 | 15.52 | 1.44 | 3.78 | 158.78 | 0.16 | 0.76 | 190.22 |
| Comparative example 1 | 8.45 | 13.96 | 1.23 | 2.00 | 124.88 | 0.07 | 0.62 | 151.21 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the contents of aroma substances in K326 tobacco leaves in examples 1 to 3 were all higher than that in comparative example 1.
TABLE 2 organoleptic quality of K326 tobacco leaves from Jui-Yangbi county
As can be seen from Table 2, the sensory quality of K326 tobacco leaves of examples 1-3 was higher than that of comparative example 1.
TABLE 3 physiological index determination of roasted tobacco leaves of Dalizhou Yangbi county K326
| Treatment of | Protein (%) | Amino acid (%) | Endopeptidase Activity (ng/g) at 36 ℃ | Endopeptidase Activity (ng/g) at 42 ℃ |
| Example 1 | 5.89 | 24.81 | 551.21 | 125.65 |
| Example 2 | 6.12 | 23.99 | 553.08 | 124.31 |
| Example 3 | 6.04 | 24.52 | 533.11 | 125.42 |
| Comparative example 1 | 6.23 | 22.43 | 524.76 | 110.53 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the physiological indexes after baking in examples 1 to 3 were all higher than that in comparative example 1. Wherein, the protein contents of examples 1 to 3 were lower than that of comparative example 1, indicating that the tobacco leaves were of higher quality. The baking parameters of the embodiments 1 to 3 are reasonably controlled, and the degradation of protein into micromolecular amino acid can be promoted, so that the quality of the tobacco leaves is improved.
TABLE 4K 326 tobacco leaf baking quality
As can be seen from Table 4, the superior smoke percentage of example 1 is 10.4% higher than that of comparative example 1, and the average valence of example 1 is 4.2 yuan/kg higher than that of comparative example 1; the superior smoke percentage of example 2 is 7.1% higher than that of comparative example 1, and the average valence of example 2 is 2.9 yuan/kg higher than that of comparative example 1; the percentage of superior smoke in example 3 is 6.5% higher than that in comparative example 1, and the average valence of example 3 is 2.8 yuan/kg higher than that of comparative example 1.
The above description is only a part of the embodiments, and is not intended to limit the present application. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, numerous simple variants can be made to the technical solution of the invention, and modifications and combinations obvious to those skilled in the art are within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A baking method suitable for baking K326 tobacco leaves in a mobile baking room is characterized by comprising a furnace charging period, a yellowing period, a color fixing period and a stem drying period so as to obtain cured tobacco leaves;
when charging, the collected fresh tobacco leaves are arranged into a tobacco charging chamber of a movable curing barn after being conventionally rod-woven;
controlling the yellowing stage to comprise a yellowing early stage, a yellowing middle stage and a yellowing later stage during baking, wherein the fixing stage comprises a fixing early stage, a fixing middle stage and a fixing later stage;
in the early stage of yellowing, the temperature of the dry balls is increased to 32-34 ℃ from room temperature at the rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of the wet balls is adjusted to 32-34 ℃ from room temperature, and the dry and wet ball temperatures are stabilized and baked for 2-4 h; then, at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, heating the dry bulb temperature to 35-36 ℃ from the room temperature, adjusting the wet bulb temperature to 33-34 ℃ from the room temperature, and stably baking the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature until the tips of the tobacco leaves in the middle layer turn yellow by 5-8 cm;
then, in the middle yellowing stage, the dry bulb is heated to 38-39 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, the temperature of the wet bulb is adjusted to 35-36 ℃, and the dry bulb and the wet bulb are stably baked until the middle layer becomes yellow 8 degrees and the leaves become soft; then, at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, heating the dry balls to 40-41 ℃, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 35-36 ℃, stabilizing the temperature of the dry balls and the temperature of the wet balls, and baking until the middle layer turns yellow 9 to obtain the main pulse soft collapse frame;
then, in the later yellowing stage, the temperature of the dry balls is raised to 42-43 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, the temperature of the wet balls is adjusted to 33.5-35.5 ℃, the dry and wet balls are stably baked until the middle layers are totally yellow, and the tips of the dry and wet balls are slightly curled; then, at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2-3h, the temperature of the dry balls is increased to 45-46 ℃, the temperature of the wet balls is adjusted to 34-36 ℃, and the dry and wet balls are stably baked until the middle layer is full yellow except for the larger main vein first-level veins, and the tobacco leaves are severely hooked, tipped and curled;
in the early stage of color fixing, after the end of the later stage of yellowing, the temperature of a dry bulb is raised to 48-49 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2-3h, the temperature of a wet bulb is adjusted to 34-36 ℃, and the dry bulb and the wet bulb are stably baked until the branch veins in the middle layer are all yellow, the main veins are faded to yellow, and the tobacco leaves are wound into small rolls; then entering a color fixing middle period, raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 52-54 ℃ at the temperature rise rate of 1 ℃/1h, adjusting the temperature of the wet bulb to 36-37 ℃, and baking the dry bulb and the wet bulb to a full-furnace large reel at stable temperature; then, in the later stage of color fixing, the temperature of the dry bulb is raised to 58-60 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/1h, the temperature of the wet bulb is adjusted to 38-39 ℃, and the dry bulb and the wet bulb are stably baked until the main pulse of the tobacco leaves is more than one third;
and controlling the dry-bulb temperature to 65-68 ℃ in the final color fixing period, adjusting the wet-bulb temperature to 39-40 ℃, and stabilizing the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature until the main pulse of the whole furnace is completely dry.
2. The curing method according to claim 1, wherein the tobacco loading chamber has the dimensions of 6000mm in length, 2700mm in width and 3500mm in height, the tobacco is loaded in three layers, the middle layer, the top layer and the bottom layer, the tobacco loading amount is 250-280 rods, the tobacco leaves in the step of loading the tobacco are dense at the top and thin at the bottom, 1-2 rods are gradually reduced, and staggered crossing is formed.
3. The curing method according to claim 1, wherein the steps of the yellowing stage, the fixing color stage and the drying rib stage are carried out by timely regulating and controlling the wet bulb temperature and the temperature stabilizing time in the curing barn according to the curing state of tobacco leaves.
4. The curing method according to claim 3, wherein the curing time in the yellowing stage is related to the curing degree of tobacco leaves by:
in the early stage of yellowing, the stable dry-bulb temperature and the stable wet-bulb temperature are respectively 35-36 ℃ and 33-34 ℃ for baking for 8-12 hours until the leaf tips of the tobacco leaves in the middle layer are yellow by 5-8 cm;
in the middle yellowing stage, the stable dry and wet bulb temperatures are respectively 38-39 ℃ and 35-36 ℃ for baking for 14-18h until the middle layer becomes yellow 8 and the leaves become soft; the dry and wet bulb temperature is stabilized to 40-41 ℃ and 35-36 ℃ respectively, and the mixture is baked for 8-12h until the middle layer turns yellow 9, and the main pulse is soft and collapsed;
in the later yellowing stage, the stable dry and wet bulb temperatures are respectively 42-43 ℃ and 33.5-35.5 ℃ for baking for 12-16h until the middle layer is totally yellow, and the tip is hooked and slightly curled; the stable dry and wet bulb temperatures are 45-46 ℃ and 34-36 ℃ respectively, the baking lasts for 10-14h until the middle layer is totally yellow except the larger first branch, and the tobacco leaves are severely tip-hooked and edge-curled.
5. The baking method according to claim 4, wherein in the later yellowing stage, the dry bulb temperature is increased to 42 ℃, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 35 ℃, the temperature-stable dry and wet bulb temperature is baked for 4-6h at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 34 ℃, the temperature-stable dry and wet bulb temperature is baked for 3-6h when the tobacco leaves are slow in water loss and the leaf tips are not obviously dried, then the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 33.5 ℃, the forced moisture removal is carried out, the temperature-stable dry and wet bulb temperature is baked for 3-5h until the middle layer is full yellow, and the tip hooking is slightly curled.
6. The baking method according to claim 3, wherein in the early stage of color fixing, the stable dry and wet bulb baking is carried out for 14-18h until the branch veins in the middle layer are all yellow, the main veins are faded to yellow, and the tobacco leaves are wound into small rolls; in the color fixing middle period, the dry and wet bulb temperature is stabilized and the baking is carried out for 8 to 16 hours until the whole furnace large winding drum is obtained; and in the later stage of color fixing, the tobacco leaves are stably baked at the dry and wet bulb temperatures for 12-18h until the main pulse of the tobacco leaves is more than one third.
7. The curing method according to claim 3, wherein the stem drying period is controlled to raise the dry bulb temperature to 65-68 ℃, the wet bulb temperature to 39-40 ℃ and stabilize the dry and wet bulb temperatures for curing for 16-24h at a heating rate of 1 ℃/h after the color fixing period is finished, and when the main vein drying of the low-temperature layer tobacco leaves in the curing barn is observed, the fire can be stopped.
8. The curing method of claim 7, wherein if said mobile curing barn is an air-lift curing barn, said low-temperature layer is the uppermost tobacco leaf; if the mobile curing barn is an airflow descending curing barn, the low-temperature layer is the tobacco leaves at the lowest layer.
9. The curing method of claim 1, wherein if the tobacco leaves are harvested and cured in a rainy day, the circulating fan is started to blow air for 1-2 hours before the fire is started until no obvious water drops on the tobacco leaves flow downwards.
10. Cured tobacco leaf obtainable by a curing process suitable for curing K326 tobacco leaves in a mobile curing barn according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN114532572A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-05-27 | 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Tobacco leaf yellowing stage and color fixing early stage curing process in bulk curing barn |
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| CN108634361A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-10-12 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A kind of K326 kind baking methods based on fresh tobacco leaf maturity |
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| CN109123745B (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2021-07-30 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Baking method for improving tobacco leaf protein degradation rate |
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