CN114532571A - Periodic temperature-changing baking method for promoting tobacco leaf yellowing in yellowing period - Google Patents
Periodic temperature-changing baking method for promoting tobacco leaf yellowing in yellowing period Download PDFInfo
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- CN114532571A CN114532571A CN202210404254.4A CN202210404254A CN114532571A CN 114532571 A CN114532571 A CN 114532571A CN 202210404254 A CN202210404254 A CN 202210404254A CN 114532571 A CN114532571 A CN 114532571A
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- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 393
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 393
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 7
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 5
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 abstract description 5
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000019522 cellular metabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002015 leaf growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/10—Roasting or cooling tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B9/00—Control of the moisture content of tobacco products, e.g. cigars, cigarettes, pipe tobacco
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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Abstract
The invention discloses a yellowing period periodic temperature-changing baking method for promoting tobacco leaf yellowing, wherein in the tobacco leaf yellowing period, a tobacco leaf baking controller of a bulk curing barn controls a heating device of the bulk curing barn to ensure that the dry bulb temperature of a tobacco loading chamber of the bulk curing barn makes sine curve periodic change by taking the tobacco leaf yellowing temperature x ℃ as a base point temperature, n ℃ as a variable temperature amplitude and y hours as a variable temperature frequency, and the tobacco leaves in the tobacco loading chamber are baked by the periodic temperature-changing baking method. The invention changes the staged constant-temperature baking method of the existing bulk curing barn in the yellowing period, simulates the day and night temperature difference change of the tobacco leaves during natural growth, adopts the periodic temperature-changing baking method to promote the intracellular enzyme activity and cell metabolism in the tobacco leaves in the yellowing period of the tobacco leaves, accelerates the yellowing of the tobacco leaves, can effectively improve the total sugar and reducing sugar content of the tobacco leaves, can also reduce the nicotine content, improve the quality of the baked tobacco leaves, reduce the baking cost of the bulk curing barn and improve the economic benefit of the baked tobacco leaves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco leaf baking equipment, in particular to a yellowing period periodic temperature change baking method for promoting yellowing of tobacco leaves during baking of the tobacco leaves.
Background
The tobacco leaves are cured and prepared after being mature and harvested to fix and show the internal quality of the tobacco leaves, and currently, the curing and the preparation of the tobacco leaves are mainly carried out in a bulk curing barn. Currently, when tobacco leaves are baked, a three-stage baking method is generally adopted, and the three stages are a yellowing stage, a color fixing stage and a tendon drying stage. For the yellowing stage of tobacco leaf baking, the baking temperature control method generally adopted at present is stage constant temperature, that is, the dry bulb temperature in the tobacco containing chamber is firstly raised to the yellowing temperature, then the temperature is stabilized, the dry bulb temperature in the tobacco containing chamber is kept at the yellowing temperature for a certain time, the tobacco containing chamber is in a constant temperature condition during the temperature stabilizing period, however, the tobacco leaf is an individual body which develops under the temperature varying condition, the field growth of the tobacco leaf is influenced by the change of day and night temperature difference, particularly, the tobacco leaf is mostly in autumn and has larger day and night temperature difference in the autumn during the mature period, the existence of the day and night temperature difference in the field growth of the tobacco leaf is beneficial to activating the activity of various enzymes in the tobacco leaf and promoting the tobacco leaf to be yellow, and the stage constant temperature baking method adopted in the prior tobacco leaf baking and yellowing period is not beneficial to activating the activity of various enzymes in the tobacco leaf, thereby influencing the baking efficiency and the quality of the tobacco leaf after baking.
Disclosure of Invention
In summary, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a periodic temperature-changing curing method for promoting tobacco leaf yellowing in a yellowing period, which changes the staged constant-temperature curing method of the prior bulk curing barn in the yellowing period, simulates the day and night temperature difference change of the tobacco leaves during natural growth, adopts the periodic temperature-changing curing method to promote the tobacco leaf yellowing in the tobacco leaf yellowing period, can effectively improve the total sugar and reducing sugar content of the tobacco leaves, can also reduce the nicotine content, improve the quality of the cured tobacco leaves, reduce the curing cost of the bulk curing barn, and improve the economic benefit of the cured tobacco leaves.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a periodic temperature-changing baking method for promoting tobacco leaf yellowing in a yellowing period comprises the following steps: in the tobacco leaf yellowing period, a tobacco leaf baking controller of the bulk curing barn controls a heating device of the bulk curing barn to ensure that the dry bulb temperature of a tobacco loading chamber of the bulk curing barn makes sine-curve periodic change by taking the tobacco leaf yellowing temperature x ℃ as a base point temperature, n ℃ as a variable temperature amplitude and y hours as a variable temperature period, and the tobacco leaves in the tobacco loading chamber are baked by a periodic variable temperature baking method.
The technical scheme of the invention can also be realized by the following process steps:
step S1: leaf tip yellowing stage of tobacco leaf yellowing stage
Step S11: setting the dry bulb temperature of a tobacco loading chamber in a leaf tip yellowing stage as x on a tobacco leaf baking controller of a bulk curing barn1The rotating speed of the circulating fan is 960r/min, the variable temperature amplitude value is n1Temperature change period of y1In the course of an hour,
step S12: the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco chamber, when the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco chamber reaches x1When the temperature is higher than the preset temperature, the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber to 0-1/4 y1H, the dry bulb temperature of the smoke chamber is changed from x1Heating to x1+n1Then the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to cool the tobacco containing chamber from 1/4y1 ~3/4y1H, the dry bulb temperature of the smoke chamber is changed from x1+n1Cooling to x1-n1Then the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber to 3/4y1~y1H, the dry bulb temperature of the smoke chamber is changed from x1-n1Heating to x1The temperature is periodically and circularly changed in the way until the leaf tips of the tobacco leaves turn yellow;
step S2: leaf 70-80% yellowing stage in tobacco leaf yellowing stage
Step S21: after the leaf tips of the tobacco leaves turn yellow, setting the dry bulb temperature x of a tobacco loading chamber in the 70-80% yellowing stage of the leaves on a tobacco leaf baking control instrument2960r/min of rotating speed of circulating fan and n of variable temperature amplitude value2Period of varying temperature y2，
Step S22: the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco chamber, when the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco chamber reaches x2When the temperature is higher than the preset temperature, the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber to 0-1/4 y2H, the dry bulb temperature of the smoke chamber is changed from x2Heating to x2+n2Then the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to cool the tobacco containing chamber from 1/4y2 ~3/4y2H, the dry bulb temperature of the smoke chamber is changed from x2+n2Cooling to x2-n2Then the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber to 3/4y2~y2H, the dry bulb temperature of the smoke chamber is changed from x2-n2Heating to x2The steps are repeated in a periodic cycle in this way until the tobacco leaves turn yellow at 70-80%;
step S3: leaf 90% yellowing stage of tobacco leaf in yellowing stage
Step S31: after the tobacco leaves turn yellow by 70-80% and the leaves are softened, setting the dry bulb temperature x of a tobacco loading chamber at the 90% yellowing stage of the leaves on a tobacco baking control instrument3960r/min of rotating speed of circulating fan and n of variable temperature amplitude value3Period of varying temperature y3，
Step S32: the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco chamber, when the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco chamber reaches x3When the temperature is higher than the preset temperature, the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber to 0-1/4 y3H, the dry bulb temperature of the smoke chamber is changed from x3Heating to x3+n3Then the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to cool the tobacco containing chamber from 1/4y3 ~3/4y3H, the dry bulb temperature of the smoke chamber is changed from x3+n3Cooling to x3-n3Then the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber to 3/4y3~y3H, the dry bulb temperature of the smoke chamber is changed from x3-n3Heating to x3The above steps are periodically circulated until the tobacco leaves turn yellow by 90%;
step S4: full yellow of leaf in tobacco leaf yellowing period
Step S41: after the tobacco leaves turn yellow 90%, setting the dry bulb temperature x of the tobacco chamber in the full yellow stage of the leaves on a tobacco leaf baking controller4960r/min of rotating speed of circulating fan and n of variable temperature amplitude value4Period of varying temperature y4，
Step S42: tobacco leaf bakingThe baking controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco chamber, when the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco chamber reaches x4When the temperature is higher than the preset temperature, the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber to 0-1/4 y4H, the dry bulb temperature of the smoke chamber is changed from x4Heating to x4+n4Then the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to cool the tobacco containing chamber from 1/4y4 ~3/4y4H, the dry bulb temperature of the smoke chamber is changed from x4+n4Cooling to x4-n4Then the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber to 3/4y4~y4H, the dry bulb temperature of the smoke chamber is changed from x4-n4Heating to x4The temperature is periodically and circularly changed in the way until the leaves of the tobacco leaves are all yellow;
and finishing the tobacco leaf curing in the yellowing period.
The technical scheme of the invention can also be realized in such a way that the tobacco leaf yellowing temperature x ℃ is 36-42 ℃, the temperature change amplitude n ℃ is 0.5-1.5 ℃, and the temperature change period y is 2-8 hours.
The technical scheme of the invention can also be realized in such a way that in the step S11, the dry bulb temperature x of the tobacco containing chamber at the vane tip yellowing stage1At a variable temperature amplitude value n of 36 DEG C10.5-1.5 ℃, and the variable temperature period is y1It was 2 hours.
The technical scheme of the invention can also be realized in such a way that in the step S21, the temperature x of the dry bulb of the tobacco containing chamber in 70-80% yellowing stage of the leaf of the tobacco leaf in the yellowing stage2At 38 deg.C, varying temperature amplitude value n2The temperature is 0.5-1.5 ℃, and the temperature change period y2It was 4 hours.
The technical scheme of the invention can also be realized in such a way that in the step S31, the temperature x of the dry bulb of the tobacco containing chamber at the 90% yellowing stage of the leaf in the tobacco leaf yellowing stage3At 40 deg.C, varying temperature amplitude value n3The temperature is 0.5-1.5 ℃, and the temperature change period y3It was 6 hours.
The technical scheme of the invention can also be realized in such a way that in the step S41, the dry bulb temperature x of the tobacco containing chamber in the full-yellow stage of the leaf in the tobacco leaf yellowing stage4At 42 deg.C, varying temperature amplitude value n4The temperature is 0.5-1.5 ℃, and the temperature change period y4Was 8 hours.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention changes the staged constant-temperature baking method of the existing bulk curing barn in the yellowing period, simulates the day and night temperature difference change of the tobacco leaves during natural growth, adopts a sine-curve periodic temperature-changing baking method to promote the intracellular enzyme activity and cell metabolism in the tobacco leaves in the yellowing period of the tobacco leaves, promotes the yellowing of the tobacco leaves, can effectively improve the total sugar and reducing sugar content of the tobacco leaves, can also reduce the nicotine content, improve the quality of the baked tobacco leaves, reduce the baking cost of the bulk curing barn and improve the economic benefit of the baked tobacco leaves.
2. The periodically-changed variable-temperature baking method can simulate the day and night field temperature difference change of the tobacco leaf in the mature period in the tobacco leaf growth process, so that the activity of various enzymes in the tobacco leaf can be effectively improved, the yellowing of the tobacco leaf can be effectively promoted, the tobacco leaf yellowing efficiency in the yellowing period during the tobacco leaf baking can be improved, the baking time in the yellowing period of the tobacco leaf can be shortened, the baking efficiency can be improved, and the baking cost can be reduced.
3. The Yujinxiang No. 1 tobacco leaves (15-16 leaf positions) are used as test materials for testing, the yellowing-stage baking process is compared with the traditional constant-temperature baking process, coal consumption of tobacco leaf baking is reduced by about 38.62 kg, power consumption is not large, baked dry smoke is increased by about 52.71 kg, baking cost is saved by 0.18 yuan/kg, the ratio of upper-medium smoke to middle-medium smoke is increased by about 3.75% after tobacco leaf baking is finished, the ratio of orange smoke is increased by about 9.78%, the ratio of green smoke is reduced by about 2.74%, the ratio of variegated smoke is reduced by about 3.3%, the total sugar content of tobacco leaves is increased by about 3.5%, the content of reducing sugar is increased by about 3%, and the contents of nicotine and total nitrogen are lower than those of a transmission baking process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a temperature control curve diagram of the tobacco leaf of the present invention under the conditions of a dry bulb temperature of x deg.C, a variable temperature amplitude value of n deg.C and a variable temperature cycle of y hours during the yellowing period;
FIG. 2 is a comparison graph of tobacco grade after the tobacco of the present invention is cured.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The first embodiment is as follows:
in the embodiment, the upper tobacco leaves (15-16 leaves) of Yunyan No. 87 variety are used as test materials, and the test materials are baked by the variable-temperature baking method in the yellowing stage.
A tobacco leaf yellowing period periodic temperature-changing baking method for promoting tobacco leaf yellowing is characterized in that a heating device of a bulk curing barn is controlled by a tobacco leaf baking controller of the bulk curing barn in the tobacco leaf yellowing period, and in order to control the heating device, the heating device of the invention adopts a heat pump with higher temperature sensitivity, so that the dry bulb temperature of a tobacco loading chamber of the bulk curing barn takes the tobacco leaf yellowing temperature x ℃ as a base point temperature, wherein x is respectively as follows: the leaf apex yellowing baking temperature is 36 ℃, the leaf apex yellowing baking temperature is 70-80% 38 ℃, the leaf yellowing baking temperature is 90% 40 ℃, the leaf full yellowing baking temperature is 42 ℃, the temperature variation range is n ℃, n is 0.5-1.5 ℃, the temperature variation period is y hours, y is 2-6 hours, the sine curve periodic variation is carried out, the temperature variation curve is shown in figure 1, and the tobacco leaves in the tobacco containing chamber are baked by the periodic temperature variation baking method. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following process steps:
step S1: leaf tip yellowing stage of tobacco leaf yellowing stage
Step S11: setting the dry bulb temperature of a tobacco loading chamber in a leaf tip yellowing stage as x on a tobacco leaf baking controller of a bulk curing barn1=36 ℃, the rotating speed of the circulating fan is 960r/min, and the variable temperature amplitude value is n1=0.5 ℃ and the period of temperature change is y1In the range of not less than 2 hours,
step S12: the tobacco leaf baking controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber, when the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber reaches 36 ℃, the tobacco leaf baking controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber, the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber is heated from 36 ℃ to 36.5 ℃ from 0-0.5 hour, then the tobacco leaf baking controller controls the heating device to cool the tobacco containing chamber, the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber is cooled from 36.5 ℃ to 35.5 ℃ from 0.5-1.5 hours, then the tobacco leaf baking controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber, the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber is heated from 35.5 ℃ to 36 ℃ from 1.5-2 hours, and the steps are repeated periodically until the tips of the tobacco leaves become yellow;
step S2: leaf 70-80% yellowing stage in tobacco leaf yellowing stage
Step S21: after the leaf tips of the tobacco leaves turn yellow, setting the dry bulb temperature x of a tobacco loading chamber at the stage of 70-80% yellowing of the leaves on a tobacco leaf baking controller of a bulk curing barn2=38 ℃, circulating fan rotating speed 960r/min, variable temperature amplitude value n2Temperature change period y of 1.5 DEG C2In the case of a reaction time of not more than 4 hours,
step S22: the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber, when the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber reaches 38 ℃, the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber, the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber is heated from 38 ℃ to 39.5 ℃ from 0-1 hour, then the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to cool the tobacco containing chamber, the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber is cooled from 39.5 ℃ to 36.5 ℃ from 1-3 hours, then the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber, the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber is heated from 36.5 ℃ to 38 ℃ from 3-4 hours, and the steps are repeated periodically until 70-80% of tobacco leaves turn yellow;
step S3: leaf 90% yellowing stage of tobacco leaf in yellowing stage
Step S31: after the tobacco leaves turn yellow by 70-80%, setting the dry bulb temperature x of a tobacco containing chamber at the stage of 90% yellowing of the tobacco leaves on a tobacco leaf baking controller3Temperature of 40 ℃, circulating fan rotating speed of 960r/min and variable temperature amplitude value n3Temperature change period y of 1 deg.C3In the reaction time of not less than 6 hours,
step S32: the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber, when the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber reaches 40 ℃, the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber, the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber is heated from 40 ℃ to 41 ℃ from 0-1 hour, then the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to cool the tobacco containing chamber, the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber is cooled from 41 ℃ to 39 ℃ from 1-3 hours, then the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber, the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber is heated from 39 ℃ to 40 ℃ from 3-4 hours, and the steps are repeated periodically until 90% of tobacco leaves turn yellow;
step S4: leaf full-yellow stage in tobacco leaf yellowing stage
Step S41: after the tobacco leaves turn yellow 90%, setting the dry bulb temperature x of the tobacco chamber in the full yellow stage of the leaves on a tobacco leaf baking controller3=42 ℃, the rotating speed of the circulating fan is 960r/min, and the variable temperature amplitude value n3Temperature change period y of 1.5 DEG C3In the case of a reaction time of not more than 8 hours,
step S42: the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber, when the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber reaches 42 ℃, the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber, the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber is heated from 42 ℃ to 43.5 ℃ from 0 to 1 hour, then the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to cool the tobacco containing chamber, the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber is cooled from 43.5 ℃ to 40.5 ℃ from 1 to 3 hours, then the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber, the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber is heated from 40.5 ℃ to 42 ℃ from 3 to 4 hours, and the steps are repeated periodically until the leaves of the tobacco are all yellow; and finishing the tobacco leaf curing in the yellowing period. And then baking according to the conventional color fixing and dry rib baking process.
Example two:
example one was repeated with the following differences: the heating device of the bulk curing barn is controlled by a tobacco leaf curing controller of the bulk curing barn, so that the dry bulb temperature of a tobacco loading chamber of the bulk curing barn takes the tobacco leaf yellowing temperature x ℃ as the base point temperature, and x is as follows: the leaf apex yellowing baking temperature is 36 ℃, the leaf apex yellowing baking temperature is 70-80% 38 ℃, the leaf yellowing baking temperature is 90% 40 ℃, the leaf full yellowing baking temperature is 42 ℃, the sine curve periodic variation is carried out by taking n ℃ as the variable temperature amplitude, n is 0.5-1.5 ℃, y hours as the variable temperature period and y is 2-6 hours, and the tobacco leaves in the tobacco containing chamber are baked by the periodic variable temperature baking method. The specific process steps are as follows:
step S1: leaf tip yellowing stage of tobacco leaf yellowing stage
Step S11: setting the dry bulb temperature of a tobacco loading chamber in a blade tip yellowing stage to be x on a tobacco leaf baking controller of a bulk curing barn1=36 ℃, the rotating speed of the circulating fan is 960r/min, and the variable temperature amplitude value is n1=0.5 ℃, cycle of changing temperaturePeriod of y1In the range of not less than 2 hours,
step S12: the tobacco leaf baking controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber, when the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber reaches 36 ℃, the tobacco leaf baking controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber, the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber is heated from 36 ℃ to 36.5 ℃ from 0-0.5 hour, then the tobacco leaf baking controller controls the heating device to cool the tobacco containing chamber, the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber is cooled from 36.5 ℃ to 35.5 ℃ from 0.5-1.5 hours, then the tobacco leaf baking controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber, the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber is heated from 35.5 ℃ to 36 ℃ from 1.5-2 hours, and the steps are repeated periodically until the tips of the tobacco leaves become yellow;
step S2: leaf 70-80% yellowing stage in tobacco leaf yellowing stage
Step S21: after the leaf tips of the tobacco leaves turn yellow, setting the dry bulb temperature x of a tobacco loading chamber at the stage of 70-80% yellowing of the leaves on a tobacco leaf baking controller of a bulk curing barn2=38 ℃, circulating fan rotating speed 960r/min, variable temperature amplitude value n2Temperature change period y of 1 deg.C2In the case of a reaction time of not more than 4 hours,
step S22: the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber, when the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber reaches 38 ℃, the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber, the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber is heated from 38 ℃ to 39 ℃ from 0-1 hour, then the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to cool the tobacco containing chamber, the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber is cooled from 39 ℃ to 37 ℃ from 1-3 hours, then the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber, the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber is heated from 37 ℃ to 38 ℃ from 3-4 hours, and the steps are repeated periodically until 70-80% of tobacco leaves turn yellow;
step S3: leaf of tobacco leaf in yellowing stage is 90% yellow
Step S31: after the tobacco leaves turn yellow by 70-80% and the leaves are softened, setting the dry bulb temperature x of a tobacco loading chamber at the 90% yellowing stage of the leaves on a tobacco baking control instrument3Temperature of 40 ℃, circulating fan rotating speed of 960r/min and variable temperature amplitude value n3Temperature change period y of 1.5 DEG C3In the reaction time of not less than 6 hours,
step S32: the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber, when the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber reaches 40 ℃, the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber, the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber is heated from 40 ℃ to 41.5 ℃ from 0-1 hour, then the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to cool the tobacco containing chamber, the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber is cooled from 41.5 ℃ to 38.5 ℃ from 1-3 hours, then the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber, the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber is heated from 38.5 ℃ to 40 ℃ from 3-4 hours, and the steps are repeated periodically until 90% of tobacco leaves turn yellow;
step S4: leaf full yellow stage of tobacco leaf yellowing period
Step S41: after the tobacco leaves turn yellow 90%, setting the dry bulb temperature x of the tobacco chamber in the full yellow stage of the leaves on a tobacco leaf baking controller3=42 ℃, the rotating speed of the circulating fan is 960r/min, and the variable temperature amplitude value n3Temperature change period y of 1 deg.C3In the case of a reaction time of not more than 8 hours,
step S42: the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber, when the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber reaches 42 ℃, the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber, the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber is heated from 42 ℃ to 43 ℃ from 0-1 hour, then the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to cool the tobacco containing chamber, the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber is cooled from 43 ℃ to 41 ℃ from 1-3 hours, then the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber, the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber is heated from 41 ℃ to 42 ℃ from 3-4 hours, and the steps are repeated periodically until the leaves of the tobacco are all yellow; and finishing the tobacco leaf curing in the yellowing period. And then baking according to the conventional color fixing and dry rib baking process.
Comparative examples
In the embodiment, the upper tobacco leaves (15-16 leaves) of No. 87 Yunyan variety are used as test materials, the test materials are baked by adopting a traditional stage type constant-temperature baking mode, and the temperature in the yellowing stage is controlled as follows: after ignition, heating the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco containing chamber to 36 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃ per hour, and then preserving heat for 12 hours until the leaf tips of the tobacco leaves turn yellow; heating the dry bulb temperature of a tobacco containing chamber to 38 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃ per hour, and then preserving heat for 30 hours until 70-80% of tobacco leaves turn yellow; heating the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco filling chamber to 40 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃ per hour, and then preserving heat for 24 hours until 90% of tobacco leaves turn yellow; the temperature of the dry bulb in the tobacco filling chamber is raised to 42 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃ per hour, and then the temperature is kept for 12 hours until the leaves of the tobacco leaves are basically full yellow and the main veins are softened. And then baking according to the conventional color fixing and rib drying baking process.
Statistics the total yellowing stage baking times of the first, second and comparative examples are shown in Table 1
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the traditional yellowing stage baking process, the method provided by the invention can effectively shorten the tobacco leaf yellowing stage baking time.
The coal consumption, the power consumption, the dry smoke weight, the coal price and the electricity price in the whole baking process of the first embodiment, the second embodiment and the comparative example are counted to calculate the baking cost, and the statistical results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the traditional yellowing stage baking process, the method of the invention can effectively reduce the coal consumption, reduce the power consumption, obviously improve the weight of the baked dry tobacco and effectively reduce the baking cost of the tobacco leaves.
100kg of each of the cured dry tobacco leaves of the first and second examples and the comparative example was weighed, and the medium tobacco ratio, the orange tobacco ratio, the green tobacco ratio and the variegated tobacco ratio were counted, and the statistical results are shown in fig. 2.
As can be seen from the graph 2, compared with the traditional yellowing stage baking process, the ratio of the upper-medium tobacco to the middle-medium tobacco after baking is improved by 3.75 percent, the ratio of the orange tobacco to the orange tobacco is improved by 9.78 percent, the ratio of the green tobacco to the green tobacco is reduced by 2.74 percent, and the ratio of the mottled tobacco to the impure color tobacco is reduced by 3.3 percent, so that the baking quality of the tobacco leaves can be effectively improved.
The baked dry tobacco leaves of examples one, two and comparative examples were weighed at 100kg each, and the chemical components of the baked tobacco leaves were analyzed and compared, and the comparison results are shown in Table 3
TABLE 3
As can be seen from Table 3, compared with the conventional yellowing stage baking process, the total sugar content of the tobacco leaves baked by the method and the tobacco leaves treated by the transmission baking process is increased by about 3.5 percent, the reducing sugar content is increased by about 3 percent, and the nicotine content and the total nitrogen content are reduced.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the technical solutions of the present invention, and that equivalent substitutions or other modifications made by those skilled in the art according to the prior art are all included within the scope of the claims of the present invention as long as they do not exceed the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A periodic temperature-changing baking method for promoting tobacco leaf yellowing in a yellowing period is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the tobacco leaf yellowing period, a tobacco leaf baking controller of the bulk curing barn controls a heating device of the bulk curing barn to ensure that the dry bulb temperature of a tobacco loading chamber of the bulk curing barn makes sine-curve periodic change by taking the tobacco leaf yellowing temperature x ℃ as a base point temperature, n ℃ as a variable temperature amplitude and y hours as a variable temperature frequency, and the tobacco leaves in the tobacco loading chamber are baked by a periodic variable temperature baking method.
2. The cyclic temperature-changing curing method for promoting the tobacco leaf yellowing in the yellowing stage according to claim 1, wherein the cyclic temperature-changing curing method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following process steps:
step S1: leaf tip yellowing stage of tobacco leaf yellowing stage
Step S11: tobacco in bulk curing barnThe temperature of a dry bulb of a tobacco containing chamber at the blade tip yellowing stage is set to be x on a blade baking control instrument1The rotating speed of the circulating fan is 960r/min, and the variable temperature amplitude value is n1Temperature change period of y1In the course of an hour,
step S12: the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco chamber, when the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco chamber reaches x1When the temperature is higher than the preset temperature, the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber to 0-1/4 y1H, the dry bulb temperature of the smoke chamber is changed from x1Heating to x1+n1Then the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to cool the tobacco containing chamber from 1/4y1 ~3/4y1H, the dry bulb temperature of the smoke chamber is changed from x1+n1Cooling to x1-n1Then the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber to 3/4y1~y1H, the dry bulb temperature of the smoke chamber is changed from x1-n1Heating to x1The temperature is periodically and circularly changed in the way until the leaf tips of the tobacco leaves turn yellow;
step S2: leaf 70-80% yellowing stage in tobacco leaf yellowing stage
Step S21: after the leaf tips of the tobacco leaves turn yellow, setting the dry bulb temperature x of a tobacco loading chamber in the 70-80% yellowing stage of the leaves on a tobacco leaf baking control instrument2960r/min of rotating speed of circulating fan and n of variable temperature amplitude value2Period of varying temperature y2，
Step S22: the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco chamber, when the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco chamber reaches x2When the temperature is higher than the preset temperature, the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber to 0-1/4 y2H, the dry bulb temperature of the smoke chamber is changed from x2Heating to x2+n2Then the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to cool the tobacco containing chamber from 1/4y2 ~3/4y2H, the dry bulb temperature of the smoke chamber is changed from x2+n2Cooling to x2-n2Then the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber to 3/4y2~y2H, the dry bulb temperature of the smoke chamber is changed from x2-n2Heating to x2The steps are repeated in a periodic cycle in this way until the tobacco leaves turn yellow at 70-80%;
step S3: leaf 90% yellowing stage of tobacco leaf in yellowing stage
Step S31: after the tobacco leaves turn yellow by 70-80% and the leaves are softened, setting the dry bulb temperature x of a tobacco loading chamber at the 90% yellowing stage of the leaves on a tobacco baking control instrument3The rotating speed of the circulating fan 960r/min and the variable temperature amplitude value n3Period of varying temperature y3，
Step S32: the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco chamber, when the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco chamber reaches x3When the temperature is higher than the preset temperature, the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber to 0-1/4 y3H, the dry bulb temperature of the smoke chamber is changed from x3Heating to x3+n3Then the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to cool the tobacco containing chamber from 1/4y3 ~3/4y3H, the dry bulb temperature of the smoke chamber is changed from x3+n3Cooling to x3-n3Then the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber to 3/4y3~y3H, the dry bulb temperature of the smoke chamber is changed from x3-n3Heating to x DEG C3The above steps are periodically circulated until the tobacco leaves turn yellow by 90%;
step S4: full yellow of leaf in tobacco leaf yellowing period
Step S41: after the tobacco leaves turn yellow 90%, setting the dry bulb temperature x of the tobacco chamber in the full yellow stage of the leaves on a tobacco leaf baking controller4960r/min of rotating speed of circulating fan and n of variable temperature amplitude value4Period of varying temperature y4，
Step S42: the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco chamber, when the dry bulb temperature of the tobacco chamber reaches x4When the temperature is higher than the preset temperature, the tobacco curing controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber to 0-1/4 y4H, the dry bulb temperature of the smoke chamber is changed from x4Heating to x4+n4Then the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to cool the tobacco containing chamber from 1/4y4 ~3/4y4In hours, the tobacco chamber is filled with tobaccoDry bulb temperature from x4+n4Cooling to x4-n4Then the tobacco baking controller controls the heating device to heat the tobacco containing chamber to 3/4y4~y4H, the dry bulb temperature of the smoke chamber is changed from x4-n4Heating to x4The temperature is periodically and circularly changed in the way until the leaves of the tobacco leaves are all yellow;
and finishing the tobacco leaf curing in the yellowing period.
3. The cyclic temperature-changing curing method for promoting the tobacco leaf yellowing in the yellowing stage according to claim 1, wherein the cyclic temperature-changing curing method comprises the following steps: the tobacco leaf yellowing temperature x ℃ is 36-42 ℃, the temperature change amplitude n ℃ is 0.5-1.5 ℃, and the temperature change period y is 2-8 hours.
4. The cyclic temperature-changing curing method for promoting the tobacco leaf yellowing in the yellowing stage according to claim 2, wherein the temperature-changing curing method comprises the following steps: in step S11, the dry bulb temperature x of the smoke chamber in the blade tip yellowing stage1At a variable temperature amplitude value n of 36 DEG C10.5-1.5 ℃, and the variable temperature period is y1It was 2 hours.
5. The cyclic temperature-changing curing method for promoting the tobacco leaf yellowing in the yellowing stage according to claim 2, wherein the temperature-changing curing method comprises the following steps: in the step S21, the temperature x of the dry bulb of the tobacco containing chamber in the 70-80% yellowing stage of the leaf in the tobacco leaf yellowing stage2At 38 deg.C, varying temperature amplitude value n2The temperature is 0.5-1.5 ℃, and the temperature change period y2It was 4 hours.
6. The cyclic temperature-changing curing method for promoting the tobacco leaf yellowing in the yellowing stage according to claim 2, wherein the temperature-changing curing method comprises the following steps: in step S31, the temperature x of the dry bulb of the tobacco loading chamber in the 90% yellowing stage of the leaves in the tobacco leaf yellowing stage3At 40 deg.C, varying temperature amplitude value n3The temperature is 0.5-1.5 ℃, and the temperature change period y3It was 6 hours.
7. The yellowing-stage periodic temperature-changing curing method for promoting tobacco leaf yellowing according to claim 2The method is characterized in that: in step S41, the temperature x of the dry bulb of the tobacco chamber in the full-yellow stage of the leaves in the tobacco leaf yellowing stage4At 42 deg.C, variable temperature amplitude value n4The temperature is 0.5-1.5 ℃, and the temperature change period y4Was 8 hours.
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| CN102626254A (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2012-08-08 | 云南中建博能工程技术有限公司 | High-quality tobacco leaf baking process |
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| CN113892669A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-01-07 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Baking method suitable for baking K326 tobacco leaves in mobile baking room and obtained tobacco leaves |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102626254A (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2012-08-08 | 云南中建博能工程技术有限公司 | High-quality tobacco leaf baking process |
| CN109288111A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-02-01 | 湖南科技大学 | Eight sections of baking process of NC102 upper tobacco leaf |
| CN110934319A (en) * | 2019-11-30 | 2020-03-31 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Tobacco leaf modulating process method with temperature oscillation |
| CN111657531A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-09-15 | 云南省烟草公司文山州公司 | High-temperature yellowing, cooling and color fixing baking process for reducing ash hanging of tobacco leaves |
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