CN113880916B - 一种牦牛皮抗氧化多肽及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种牦牛皮抗氧化多肽及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种牦牛皮抗氧化肽,其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1或SEQ ID NO.2所示;其是以新鲜牦牛皮为原料提取蛋白,然后采用复合酶对其进行旋蒸脱溶酶解,膜分离、凝胶分离、反相HPLC分离以及高效质谱鉴定得到的抗氧化多肽。本发明通过连续旋蒸脱溶双酶解法,分离纯化和质谱鉴定得到牦牛皮抗氧化性多肽,并进一步对抗氧化肽进行饱和脂肪酸修饰提高牦牛抗氧化肽的稳定性、生物活性与膜渗透性,本发明牦牛皮抗氧化肽在功能性食品、化妆品以及医药领域具有广阔的开发和应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域,具体涉及一种牦牛皮抗氧化多肽及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
自从Harman提出自由基理论以来, 人们认识到人体内氧化产生的自由基与人的衰老以及许多疾病息息相关。在正常生理状态下,机体内自由基的产生与清除处于动态平衡状态,但当机体处于不良环境状态时,导致平衡失调,自由基就会攻击生命大分子物质及细胞壁,造成机体的多种损伤和病变,加速机体的衰老。活性氧是体内重要的一类自由基,而过量的活性氧引起的氧化应激导致癌症、糖尿病、炎症、心血管疾病、哮喘以及阿尔茨海默病等多种慢性疾病以被证实。
人体可以通过适当摄入具有抗氧化活性的物质降低体内自由基水平,减轻机体的氧化损伤,预防疾病的产生,其中外源性具有抑制生物大分子过氧化或清除体内自由基功效的抗氧化肽起着非常重要的作用。抗氧化肽作为一种天然抗氧化剂,其结构相对简单、易吸收、稳定性好、无免疫反应性,不仅具有较强的抗氧化活性,还具有降血压和抗癌等其他保健功效,在功能性食品、化妆品以及医药领域越来越受到人们的关注。
目前,动物和植物蛋白酶解法是生产抗氧化肽的重要原料来源,且制备方法已趋于成熟。牦牛为稀有畜种,有“世界屋脊”之称,我国约占世界牦牛总数的95%以上,牦牛副产物的循环再利用仍处于起步阶段,作为抗氧化肽的制备来源可成为重要的加工途径。牦牛副产物中如牦牛骨(CN108342441A、CN107141336B)、牦牛血(CN110283234A)和牦牛乳蛋白(CN102787156B)等制备出抗氧化肽VIEAVVQSV、TLPDTEKQIKKQ、GTW、CQC,而以牦牛皮制备抗氧化肽鲜有报道。
酶解法产生的很多小肽结构相近,分子量也相差不大,如何将目标抗氧化肽高效地进行分离纯化和鉴定,以方便进行规模化生产是仍是需要解决的首要问题,同时,抗氧化肽存在口服生物利用度低、半衰期短、肝脏和肾脏清除快等缺点,
是限制其在食品和药物中应用的一个巨大障碍。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种牦牛皮抗氧化多肽及其制备方法与应用,本发明以新鲜的牦牛皮为原材料,通过连续旋蒸脱溶双酶解法,分离纯化和质谱鉴定得到牦牛皮抗氧化性多肽,并进一步对抗氧化肽进行饱和脂肪酸修饰提高牦牛抗氧化肽的稳定性、生物活性与膜渗透性,本发明增加了天然抗氧化的来源,分子修饰提高了抗氧化肽的生物活性,大大增强抗氧化肽在功能性食品、化妆品以及医药领域的开发应用。
本发明通过下述技术方案实现。
一种牦牛皮抗氧化肽,其特征在于其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1或SEQ ID NO.2所示;在本发明中,将牦牛皮抗氧肽分别命名为牦牛皮抗氧肽Y1和牦牛皮抗氧肽Y2,Y1的氨基酸序列为GVVGLPGQR(如SEQ ID NO.1所示),其分子量为882.03Da,Y2的氨基酸序列为IIAPPER(如SEQ ID NO.2所示),其分子量为794.95 Da,牦牛皮抗氧肽Y1和牦牛皮抗氧肽Y2两者均具有明显的抗氧化能力。
一种牦牛皮抗氧化肽的制备方法,以新鲜牦牛皮为原料提取蛋白,然后采用复合酶对其进行旋蒸脱溶酶解,膜分离、凝胶分离、反相HPLC分离以及高效质谱鉴定得到抗氧化多肽。
上述牦牛皮抗氧化肽的制备方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤S1,酶解
将高原牦牛皮经预处理后,用复合酶解液旋蒸脱溶酶解4~6 h,之后高温灭酶,冷却至常温,离心收集上清液,冷冻干燥制得牦牛皮酶解肽肽冻干粉;
步骤S2,膜分离
将步骤S1制得的牦牛皮酶解肽冻干粉用超纯水溶解,然后用截留分子量为3000Da的超滤膜进行分离纯化,将超滤获得的3000 Da以下的组分冷冻干燥即得目标酶解肽;
步骤S3,分离纯化
A、将步骤S2制备的目标牦牛皮酶解肽用体积排阻色谱柱进行第一次分离纯化,收集不同吸收峰组分的洗脱液进行第一次抗氧化活性测定,筛选出抗氧化活性最高的组分;
B、将步骤A筛选出的组分采用反相HPLC进行第二次分离纯化,收集不同吸收峰组分的洗脱液进行第二次抗氧化活性测定,筛选出抗氧化活性最高的组分;
步骤S4,质谱鉴定
将步骤B筛选出的组分采用LC-MS/MS进行质谱测定,筛选出本发明的牦牛皮抗氧化多肽。
作为具体技术方案,所述步骤S1中,预处理包括脱脂、除杂、清洗、热变性处理。
作为具体技术方案,所述预处理具体步骤为:将牦牛皮通过Na2CO3和NaCl进行脱脂和除杂处理,之后用纯水清洗干净,于真空度0.085~0.098 MPa、转速20 r/min、温度35~40℃下进行旋蒸脱溶酶解4 h。
作为具体技术方案,所述步骤S1中,复合酶解液为碱性蛋白酶和丝氨酸蛋白酶的复合酶解液。
作为具体技术方案,所述步骤S3中体积排阻色谱采用7.8×300 mm,5μm的BioCORESEC-150色谱柱;流动相为:乙腈:水:三氟乙酸=40:60:0.05;洗脱时间为:40 min,检测波长为:220nm;流速为0.5mL/min。所述反相HPLC色谱采用0.46 cm×25 cm,5μm的C18色谱柱;流动相为:水、0.1%TFA,乙腈、0.1%TFA;洗脱梯度为:0~5 min,95%水、5%乙腈;5~25 min,85~65%水、15~35%乙腈;26~31 min,50%水、50%乙腈。
作为具体技术方案,所述步骤S4中,质谱测定采用LC-MS/MS进行质谱测定,测定条件为:色谱柱为PepMap RPLCC18, 75μm i.d.×150 mm, 3μm,100Å;阳离子模式,扫描范围:m/z 300~1500 Da,发射极喷雾电压2-kV。
一种饱和脂肪酸修饰牛皮抗氧化肽的衍生物,其特征在于,将上述牦牛皮抗氧肽的N端进行饱和脂肪酸修饰。
优选的,饱和脂肪酸为十二酸、十六酸、十八酸和二十酸中任意一种。
优选的,饱和脂肪酸为十六酸,采用十六酸修饰可进一步增强牦牛皮抗氧肽的抗氧化能力。
上述一种饱和脂肪酸修饰牦牛皮抗氧化肽衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤S1,固相化学合成
将鉴定到的牦牛皮抗氧化肽进行固相化学合成;
步骤S2,分子修饰
称取十二酸、十四酸、十六酸、十八酸和二十酸与溶解于缩合试剂,分别与偶联在Rink树脂上脱保护的抗氧化肽N端进行偶联,裂解后得到本发明的饱和脂肪酸修饰牦牛皮抗氧化肽。
作为具体技术方案,所述步骤S1中,固相合成选择Rink Amide Resin树脂,HOBT/HATU作为缩合试剂,于旋转混匀器中在18 rpm的条件下温和反应50~60 min。
作为具体技术方案,所述步骤S2中,偶联反应在旋转混匀器中进行,条件为转速25rpm,反应时间60~80 min。
上述牦牛皮抗氧化肽的应用,其特征在于,将上述牦牛皮抗氧化肽应用于功能性食品、化妆品以及医药领域中。
作为具体技术方案,所述功能性食品的剂型包括片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、口服液、酒剂、散剂、注射剂、茶剂;化妆品的种类包括面膜、爽肤水、眼霜、精华乳、面霜。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明抗氧化肽GVVGLPGQR和IIAPPER具有稳定的抗氧化能力,抗氧化肽通过进一步的饱和脂肪酸修饰后稳定性、生物活性与膜渗透性显著提升,改善了抗氧化肽的不足。本发明的牦牛皮抗氧化肽制备方法简单,连续旋蒸脱溶复合酶解法加大酶解效率降低酶的使用量,产品分子量小,易于人体吸收,可大规模生产,拓宽了牦牛皮的精细加工与附加值。本发明的牦牛皮抗氧化肽,具有较好的抗氧化性,且为天然产物来源,安全性较高,可广泛应用于功能性食品、化妆品以及医药领域的开发,对高原牦牛产业的发展将具有极大的促进作用。
附图说明
图1为实施例2步骤 S3中体积排阻色谱分离纯化的结果图;
图2为实施例2步骤 S3中不同组分Ⅰ-Ⅲ对体外清除DPPH自由基的能力测定结果图;
图3为实施例2步骤 S3中反相HPLC分离纯化的结果图;
图4为实施例2步骤 S3中不同组分Ⅱ1~Ⅱ5对体外清除DPPH自由基的能力测定结果图;
图5为实施例2步骤S4中高效质谱鉴定的牦牛皮抗氧化肽Y1的by离子图;
图6为实施例2步骤S4中高效质谱鉴定的牦牛皮抗氧化肽Y2的by离子图;
图7 为实施例3中牦牛皮抗氧化肽Y1对体外清除DPPH、·OH和超阴氧根自由基的能力测定结果图;
图8 为实施例3中牦牛皮抗氧化肽Y2对体外清除DPPH、·OH和超阴氧根自由基的能力测定结果图;
图9 为实施例4中饱和脂肪酸修饰牦牛皮抗氧化肽Y1对体外清除DPPH自由基的能力测定结果图。
实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的说明,需要指出的是以下实施方式仅是以例举的形式对本发明所做的解释性说明,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此,所有本领域的技术人员以本发明的精神对本发明所做的等效的替换均落入本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种牦牛皮抗氧化肽,其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1或SEQ ID NO.2所示,并分别将牦牛皮抗氧肽命名为牦牛皮抗氧肽Y1和牦牛皮抗氧肽Y2,Y1的氨基酸序列为GVVGLPGQR(如SEQ ID NO.1所示),其分子量为882.03Da,Y2的氨基酸序列为IIAPPER(如SEQ ID NO.2所示),其分子量为794.95 Da。
实施例2
一种降压肽的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤S1,酶解
称取毛牛皮100 g,5% Na2CO3溶液和5% NaCl溶液进行脱脂和除杂处理,之后纯水洗净2~3遍;此步骤中可根据原料大小进行合理的粉碎处理,以方便酶解为宜;清洗后的牦牛副产物按料液质量比1:1~1.5加入90℃的热水,保温2~4 h预变性,之后冷却至45~50℃,调节pH 8~9,加入碱性蛋白酶和丝氨酸蛋白酶的复合酶液,于真空度0.085~0.098 MPa、转速15~60 r/min、温度45~55℃下进行旋蒸脱溶酶解2~3 h;酶解完成后高温灭酶,之后冷却至常温,10000 rpm离心20min,收集上清液,冷冻干燥得到牦牛皮酶解肽冻干粉;
步骤S2,超滤
将步骤S1制得的牦牛皮酶解肽冻干粉用超纯水溶解,然后用截留分子量为3000Da的超滤膜进行酶解多肽的分离纯化,将超滤获得的3000Da以下的组分冷冻干燥,最终获得目标降压肽12.5 g,经测定该目标降压肽具有明显的抗氧化活性;
步骤S3,分离纯化
A、将步骤S2制备的目标牦牛皮酶解肽配制成100mg/mL,采用体积排阻色谱进行第一次分离纯化,收集得到3种不同吸收峰组分,按吸收峰的时间范围收集洗脱液,分别命名为Ⅰ~Ⅲ组分,如图1所示;然后对收集的Ⅰ~Ⅲ组分进行第一次抗氧化活性测定,测定结果如图2所示;由图2可知,组份Ⅱ的抗氧化活性最高;
B、选择组分Ⅱ采用反相HPLC进行第二次分离纯化,收集不同吸收峰组分,分别命名为Ⅱ1~Ⅱ4组分,如图3所示;然后对Ⅱ1~Ⅱ4组分进行第二次抗氧化活性测定,测定结果如图4所示;由图4可知,组分Ⅱ2的抗氧化活性测定最高;
该步骤中,体积排阻色谱采用7.8×300 mm,5μm的BioCORE SEC-150色谱柱;流动相为:乙腈:水:三氟乙酸=40:60:0.05;洗脱时间为:40 min,检测波长为:220nm;流速为0.5mL/min。
反相HPLC色谱采用0.46 cm×25 cm,5μm的C18色谱柱;流动相为:水、0.1%TFA,乙腈、0.1%TFA;洗脱梯度为:0~5 min,95%水、5%乙腈;5~25 min,85~65%水、15~35%乙腈;26~31min,50%水、50%乙腈。
抗氧化活性测定方法:
体外清除DPPH自由基的能力测定选择DPPH自由基清除能力检测试剂盒(北京索莱宝科技有限公司)。用试剂盒自带提取液配制成不同浓度(0.25、0.5、1、2、4、8 mg/mL)的牦牛皮抗氧化肽,离心后取上清按照试剂盒测定步骤操作,测定515nm处空白管、对照管和测定管的吸光值,且分别记为A空白、A对照和A测定。DPPH自由基清除率的计算公式为:DPPH自由基清除率(%)=[[A空白-(A测定-A对照)]/ A空白]×100%。
体外羟基自由基(·OH)清除能力测定参照Fenton反应方法,在试管中依次加入硫酸亚铁溶液(6 mmol/L)、过氧化氢溶液(6 mmol/L)、加入不同浓度(0.25、0.5、1、2、4、8 mg/mL)样品后静放置10 min,之后再加入2 mL水杨酸溶液(6 mmol/L),静放30 min后在510 nm处测定吸光度A0,用蒸馏水代替样品溶液同样处理,测定吸光值Ax。羟基自由基(·OH)清除率(%)=(1-A0/Ax)×100%。
体外超氧阴离子自由基清除能力测定,在10 mL试管中加入5.7 mL Tris-HCl缓冲液(50 mmol/L,pH 8.2),加入不同浓度(0.25、0.5、1、2、4、8 mg/mL)样品进行混合之后放置在25℃保温箱中,10 min后取出,再加0.1 mL(10 mmol/L)邻苯三酚溶液(已预热),快速混匀后用多功能酶标仪测定320 nm波长1 min内吸光值的增加值(Aj),线性范围内算出每1min吸光度的增加值,另取如上试剂,用等体积水替代样品,测定在320 nm波长下,1 min内吸光度的增加值(Ai)。超氧阴根离子自由基清除率(%)=(Ai-Aj)/Ai*100%。
步骤S4,质谱鉴定
将本发明牦牛抗氧化肽,即Ⅱ2组分采用LC-MS/MS进行质谱测定,测定条件为:色谱柱为PepMap RPLCC18,75μm i.d.×150mm,3μm,100Å,阳离子模式,扫描范围:m/z 300–1500 Da,发射极喷雾电压2-kV;质谱测定的结果用Mascot2.2软件分析,plable软件抽提二级质谱结果,测定出10个有效氨基酸序列;选择该10条氨基酸序列进行抗氧化活性验证,最终获得抗氧化活性效果最佳的两条多肽GVVGLPGQR和IIAPPER。GVVGLPGQR和IIAPPER分别命名为Y1和Y2,序列测定结果见图5和图6,分子量分别为882.03Da和794.95 Da。
表1 质谱鉴定的抗氧化多肽体外DPPH自由基清除能力验证
实施例3
本发明牦牛皮抗氧化肽的化学固相合成和抗氧化活性验证。
一、本发明牦牛皮抗氧化肽的化学固相合成步骤如下:
(1)分别称取0.1 mM,0.65 mmol/g的 Rink Amide Resin和4倍过量的氨基酸以及5倍过量的HOBT/HATU缩合试剂作为之后的逐个偶联氨基酸的反应体系,以及配置20%的哌啶和5%的N-甲基吗啉(均为与DMF的体积比);
(2)称取取代度为0.65 mmol/g的 Rink Amide Resin 0.15 g用2~3 mL的DMF在合成柱中浸泡30 min,使其充分膨化,之后用真空泵将DMF抽滤掉;
(3)向膨化后的树脂中加入20%的哌啶2~3 mL去保护7 min,其间每隔2s在旋转混合仪上摇匀,抽滤掉哌啶,再加适量20%的哌啶进行第二次去保护8 min,其间依旧在混合仪上混匀;去保护后真空泵将液体抽干,再用DMF洗涤8次,每次约1.5 mL,确保去保护剂洗涤干净;
(4)在进行去保护的同时,活化从C端到N端(Leu-Ala-Leu-Pro-Leu-Arg)需要依次偶联的氨基酸;取0.19 g HATU和0.069 g HOBT各一份,以及4倍过量的氨基酸(例如Fmoc-Pro-OH称取0.27 g)分别加入0.75 ml 的5%的N-甲基吗啉,溶解后将两者混合加入需要偶联的氨基酸中,放在旋转混合仪上摇匀,活化时间为15~20 min;
(5)将活化好的氨基酸加入到已去保护和DMF洗涤干净的树脂中,震荡使树脂和氨基酸溶液充分混匀,在生物摇床上进行偶联,平放,180 rpm,25℃,偶联50min;
(6)偶联完一个氨基酸,依次往下偶联第二个氨基酸时,应先将第一个氨基酸上的Fmoc保护基团去掉,加入20%的哌啶去保护7 min,其间每隔2 s在旋转混合仪上摇匀,抽滤掉哌啶,再加适量20%的哌啶进行第二次去保护8 min,DMF洗涤8次之后再与活化了的第二个氨基酸进行反应;一个循环结束之后重复(3)~(5)的操作;
(7)全部偶联之后,去掉最后一个氨基酸的Fmoc保护,之后用DMF洗涤8次,无水甲醇洗涤8次,获得去保护的抗氧化肽;
(8)在去保护的抗氧化肽树脂粗品中加入裂解试剂TFA/苯甲醚/苯甲硫醚/二巯基乙烷进行切肽,然后加入乙醚沉淀,即得合成的目标牦牛皮抗氧化肽Y1和Y2。
二、化学合成的本发明牦牛皮抗氧化肽的抗氧化活性验证
按实施例2中抗氧化活性测定方法对上述化学固相合成的牦牛皮抗氧化肽Y1和Y2进行活性测定,测定结果见图7和图8。由图7和图8可知,不同浓度的牦牛皮抗氧化肽Y1和Y2(0.25 mg/mL、0.5 mg/mL、1 mg/mL、2 mg/mL、4mg/mL、8mg/mL)对自由基DPPH、·OH和超阴氧根离子具有一定的清除作用,对DPPH清除效果最佳,Y1对DPPH、·OH和超阴氧根离子的IC50分别为0.95、1.87、1.53 mg/mL,Y2对DPPH、·OH和超阴氧根离子的IC50分别为1.12、2.07、1.66 mg/mL,以上表明本发明牦牛皮抗氧化肽具有较好的抗氧化活性。
实施例4
本发明饱和脂肪酸修饰牛皮抗氧化肽衍生物的抗氧化活性验证。
按实例3合成牦牛皮抗氧化肽Y1,在步骤(7)脱保护后,称取十二酸(0.10 g)、十四酸(0.114 g)、十六酸(0.128 g)、十八酸(0.142 g)和二十酸(0.156 g)溶解于缩合试剂,混匀后加入反应柱中,在旋转混匀器中进行温和反应,条件为转速25 rpm,反应时间60~80min。反应结束后,裂解得到本发明的饱和脂肪酸修饰牦牛皮抗氧化肽。
按实施例2中抗氧化活性测定方法对上述饱和脂肪酸修饰的牦牛皮抗氧化肽Y1进行活性测定,测定结果见图9。由图9可知,在1 mg/mL的浓度下,除十四酸外,其他饱和脂肪酸的修饰均能提高Y1的生物活性;其中,以十六酸的效果最好,可以使牦牛皮抗氧化肽Y1的抗氧化活性提高2.89倍。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> 青海瑞肽生物科技有限公司
<120> 一种牦牛皮抗氧化多肽及其制备方法和应用
<130> 2021
<160> 2
<170> PatentIn version 3.3
<210> 1
<211> 9
<212> PRT
<213> 耗牛
<400> 1
Gly Val Val Gly Leu Pro Gly Gln Arg
1 5
<210> 2
<211> 7
<212> PRT
<213> 耗牛
<400> 2
Ile Ile Ala Pro Pro Glu Arg
1 5
Claims (1)
1.一种牦牛皮抗氧化肽的应用,其特征在于,氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1的所述牦牛皮抗氧化肽在制备抗氧化产品中的应用。
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