CN113877548A - 一种应用于环境治理的磁性纳米颗粒技术 - Google Patents
一种应用于环境治理的磁性纳米颗粒技术 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种应用于环境治理的磁性纳米颗粒,运用于工业染料废水治理领域,其特征在于,所述一种应用于环境治理的磁性纳米颗粒技术包括了Fe3O4磁性颗粒,锰掺杂铈颗粒、二氧化钛和壳聚糖等纳米颗粒,该颗粒能在具有稳定性的同时还具有低廉成本,在废水处理方面具有良好的前景,克服了传统处理技术的二次污染等弊端。
Description
技术领域
本发明运用于环境治理技术领域,具体涉及为一种应用于环境治理的磁性纳米颗粒技术。
背景技术
染料工艺所排放的废水是染料厂、毛纺厂、针织厂、丝绸厂等对天然和人造纤维材料进行在加工而生产的各种废水的混合。由于染色工程均以水为介质,而且往往需要多次水洗,因此用水量比较大。由于染料种类复杂,废水中主要含有染料、浆料,助剂、油剂、酸碱、纤维及无机盐等杂质。正因如此,染料废水具有成分复杂、难降解有机污染物含量高、色度高、化学需氧量高、生化需氧亮高、碱性大、毒性大、水量大、水质变化大等特点。如果被动植物吸收,则会当值有毒有害物质积累不易排出。染料废水含有多种具有生物毒性或导致致癌至、致畸、致突变的有机物,作为工业处理难点的同时也是当前国内外对污水控制继续解决的一大难题。
目前来说染料废水常用的处理方法有生物处理法,絮凝法、吸附法、化学氧化法,电化学法等。生物处理法分为好氧生物处理法和厌氧生物处理法,好氧法对复杂大分子物质降解效果较差,厌氧法又难以达到排放标准,化学氧化法虽然高效且无二次污染,但运行经费较高,吸附法吸附剂成本昂贵,电化学法虽然后处理简单、占地面积少、方便管理,但单位电耗及电极材料使用量大,因此收到限制。
现有磁性Fe3O4纳米颗粒吸附能力强,可用于清除染料废水中的阴离子染料分子,此外吸附了染料分子的磁性纳米颗粒可通过外部磁铁迅速去除,不会引起二次污染。
发明内容
本发明旨在解决环境治理问题,提供一种应用于环境治理的磁性纳米颗粒。
本发明提供一种应用于环境治理的磁性纳米颗粒,按重量份数组成包括:
Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒:10-15份;
TiO2纳米颗粒:10-15份;
壳聚糖基底:5-10份;
催化颗粒:5-10份。
进一步地,所述Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒由以下材料按重量份制备而成:FeSO4·7H2O:10份;FeCl3·6H2O:15-25份;去离子水:4-7份;NH3·H2O:1-3份;EDTA二钠盐:12-20份。
进一步地,所述TiO2纳米包裹颗粒由以下材料按重量份制备而成:钛酸四丁酯:1-1.2份;无水乙醇:15-50份;NH3·H2O:1.5-2份。
进一步地,所述所述壳聚糖基底由以下材料按重量份制备而成:壳聚糖:5-8份;戊二醛:1-2份;醋酸溶液:0.1-0.4份。
进一步地,所述催化颗粒由以下材料按重量份制备而成:Ce(NO3)3·6H2O:1-1.3份;CTAB:0.38-0.54份;去离子水:8-11份;柠檬酸锰:0.1-0.2份;聚四氟乙烯:100份NH3·H2O:8-10份。
进一步地,所述所述Fe3o4磁性纳米颗粒按照以下步骤制备:
(1)将FeSO4·7H2O、FeCl3·6H2O、聚乙二醇加入到去离子水中,在50-80℃,转速400-800r/min下搅拌10-20分钟,得到分散液;
(2)向50-80℃的分散液中,在转速400-800r/min的搅拌下加入NH3·H2O,然后加入EDTA二钠盐,继续在50-80℃条件下搅拌40-80分钟,得到EDTA修饰的Fe3O4磁性胶体,自然冷却至室温;
(3)用盐酸将EDTA修饰的Fe3O4磁性胶体中和至中性,再用磁铁将EDTA修饰的Fe3O4修饰的Fe3O4胶体中的磁性颗粒分离出来,经去离子水和乙醇清洗至中性,得到EDTA修饰的Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒。
进一步地,所述TiO2纳米包裹颗粒按照以下步骤制备:
将Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒加入由钛酸四丁酯、无水乙醇、NH·H2O的混合液中,然后超声10-30分钟,再在室温下搅拌1-2h、然后用磁铁分离手机,用去离子水、乙醇反复清洗至中性,干燥,得到包裹TiO2的Fe3O4纳米颗粒。
进一步地,所述催化颗粒按照以下步骤制备:
将Ce(NO3)3·6H2O和CTAB溶于90ml去离子水中,在快速搅拌下逐渐加入NH3·H2O和柠檬酸锰,形成红色絮状物后继续搅拌40~60min,然后转入聚四氟乙烯内衬的水热反应釜中,保持100~105℃水热反应24~36h,冷却至室温后过滤,用无水乙醇和去离子水分别清洗2~3遍之后在80℃~100℃下干燥至得到黄色粉末即可.
1、进一步地,所述壳聚糖底基按照以下步骤制备:
将壳聚糖加入到浓度为0.5~1wt%醋酸溶液中,搅拌均匀,然后加入戊二醛,得到凝胶状物质即为壳聚糖基底。
本发明提供了一种应用于环境治理的磁性纳米颗粒,具有以下有益效果:
1、不仅能清除染料废水中的阴离子染料分子,还能除去腐臭和部分有害细菌,能把有机污染物分解为CO2和O2。
2、能显著提升催化剂催化臭氧生成·OH活性基的速率,提高催化降解染料废水的效率。
3、具有较强的吸附能力,能提高染料废水的降解效率,能提升催化剂的可回收性降低染料废水降解的成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明提出的一种应用于环境治理的磁性纳米颗粒测试流程图;
图2为本发明提出的Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒的制备流程图
图3为本发明提出的包裹TiO2的Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒的制备流流程图;
图4为本发明提出的负载磁性纳米颗粒壳聚糖基底的制备流程图;
图5为本发明提出的带催化颗粒并负载磁性纳米颗粒壳聚糖基底的制备流程图。
本发明为目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例,参照附图做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
参考附图1,为本发明一种应用于环境治理的磁性纳米颗粒制作方法,其中,
实例1
原料组成(重量份):
所述一种应用于环境治理的磁性纳米颗粒由以下原料按重量份组成:FeSO4·7H2O:10份;FeCl3·6H2O:15-25份;聚乙二醇:1-4份;去离子水:4-7份;NH3·H2O:1-3份;EDTA二钠盐:12-20份。
(1).将FeSO4·7H2O、FeCl3·6H2O、聚乙二醇加入到去离子水中,在50-80℃,转速400-800r/min下搅拌10-20分钟,得到分散液;
(2).向50-80℃的分散液中,在转速400-800r/min的搅拌下加入NH3·H2O,然后加入EDTA二钠盐,继续在50-80℃条件下搅拌40-80分钟,得到EDTA修饰的Fe3O4磁性胶体,自然冷却至室温;
(3).用盐酸将EDTA修饰的Fe3O4磁性胶体中和至中性,再用磁铁将EDTA修饰的Fe3O4修饰的Fe3O4胶体中的磁性颗粒分离出来,经去离子水和乙醇清洗至中性,得到EDTA修饰的Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒;
(4).选取样品10份加入到直接蓝293溶液600ml中,测试样品对直接蓝293的降解率。
实例2
原料组成(重量份):
所述一种应用于环境治理的磁性纳米颗粒由以下原料按重量份组成:FeSO4·7H2O:10份;FeCl3·6H2O:15-25份;聚乙二醇:1-4份;去离子水:4-7份;NH3·H2O:2.5-5份;EDTA二钠盐:12-20份。钛酸四丁酯:1-1.2份;无水乙醇。
(1).将FeSO4·7H2O、FeCl3·6H2O、聚乙二醇加入到去离子水中,在50-80℃,转速400-800r/min下搅拌10-20分钟,得到分散液;
(2).向50-80℃的分散液中,在转速400-800r/min的搅拌下加入NH3·H2O,然后加入EDTA二钠盐,继续在50-80℃条件下搅拌40-80分钟,得到EDTA修饰的Fe3O4磁性胶体,自然冷却至室温;
(3).用盐酸将EDTA修饰的Fe3O4磁性胶体中和至中性,再用磁铁将EDTA修饰的Fe3O4修饰的Fe3O4胶体中的磁性颗粒分离出来,经去离子水和乙醇清洗至中性,得到EDTA修饰的Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒;
(4).将Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒加入由钛酸四丁酯、无水乙醇、NH·H2O的混合液中,然后超声10-30分钟,再在室温下搅拌1-2h、然后用磁铁分离手机,用去离子水、乙醇反复清洗至中性,干燥,得到包裹TiO2的Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒。
(5).选取样品10份加入到直接蓝293溶液600ml中,测试样品对直接蓝293的降解率。
实例3
原料组成(重量份):
所述一种应用于环境治理的磁性纳米颗粒由以下原料按重量份组成:FeSO4·7H2O:10份;FeCl3·6H2O:15-25份;聚乙二醇:1-4份;去离子水:12-18份;NH3·H2O:9-13份;EDTA二钠盐:12-20份。钛酸四丁酯:1-1.2份;无水乙醇;壳聚糖:5-8份;戊二醛:1-2份;醋酸溶液:0.1-0.4份;Ce(NO3)3·6H2O:1-1.3份;CTAB:0.38-0.54份;柠檬酸锰:0.1-0.2份;聚四氟乙烯:100份。
(1).将FeSO4·7H2O、FeCl3·6H2O、聚乙二醇加入到去离子水中,在50-80℃,转速400-800r/min下搅拌10-20分钟,得到分散液;
(2).向50-80℃的分散液中,在转速400-800r/min的搅拌下加入NH3·H2O,然后加入EDTA二钠盐,继续在50-80℃条件下搅拌40-80分钟,得到EDTA修饰的Fe3O4磁性胶体,自然冷却至室温;
(3).用盐酸将EDTA修饰的Fe3O4磁性胶体中和至中性,再用磁铁将EDTA修饰的Fe3O4修饰的Fe3O4胶体中的磁性颗粒分离出来,经去离子水和乙醇清洗至中性,得到EDTA修饰的Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒;
(4).将Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒加入由钛酸四丁酯、无水乙醇、NH·H2O的混合液中,然后超声10-30分钟,再在室温下搅拌1-2h、然后用磁铁分离手机,用去离子水、乙醇反复清洗至中性,干燥,得到包裹TiO2的Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒。
(5).将壳聚糖加入到浓度为0.5~1wt%醋酸溶液中,向其中加入上述包裹Fe3O4偶搅拌均匀,然后加入戊二醛,得到凝胶状物质即为负载磁性颗粒的壳聚糖基底。
(7).将Ce(NO3)3·6H2O和CTAB溶于90ml去离子水中,在快速搅拌下逐渐加入NH3·H2O和柠檬酸锰,形成红色絮状物后继续搅拌40~60min,然后转入聚四氟乙烯内衬的水热反应釜中,保持100~105℃水热反应24~36h,冷却至室温后过滤,用无水乙醇和去离子水分别清洗2~3遍之后在80℃~100℃下干燥至得到黄色粉末并加入负载磁性颗粒的壳聚糖基底中即可。
(8).选取样品10份加入到直接蓝293溶液600ml中,测试样品对直接蓝293的降解率。
测试例1
将实例1、实例2、实例3中的溶液通过加酸或碱调节废水的pH至6,然后分别向其中通入N2至废水中无残留氧气存在,随后分别向其中加入5g实并于室温下向其中通入稳定的臭氧气流,通过调节臭氧发生器电流的大小,控制臭氧流量为15mg·L-1·h,催化臭氧反应,分别再10min、20min、30min、40min、50min、60min的时候取样各份溶液5ml以分析不同样品对废水的净化程度,结果见表1
表1
由上表可知,本发明实施例1-3制备的一种赢用于环境治理的磁性纳米颗粒对染料的降解率,具体表现在壳聚糖具有很强的吸附性,可以利用其吸附性能实现对染料的富集,有利于产生·OH与染料分子的反应的同时又能降低活性基图·OH与染料分子间的扩散、反应的阻力,催化颗粒可以提供适宜的弱碱性环境,能显著提升催化剂催化臭氧生成·OH活性基的速率,磁性颗粒映入又能提升催化剂的可回收性,二氧化钛磁性纳米颗粒能出去腐臭的同时又能催化各种甲醛等有机物以及部分无机物。
与纯Fe3O4磁性颗粒相比,该磁性颗粒不仅能提高降解效率,还能将催化剂进行回收,并且制备过程简单,在简便的同时成本又低廉。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (9)
1.一种应用于环境治理的磁性纳米颗粒,其特征在于,所述磁性纳米颗粒由以下材料按重量份组成:
Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒:10-15份;
TiO2纳米颗粒:10-15份;
壳聚糖基底:5-10份;
催化颗粒:5-10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于环境治理的磁性纳米颗粒,其特征在于,所述Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒由以下材料按重量份制备而成:
FeSO4·7H2O:10份;
FeCl3·6H2O:15-25份;
聚乙二醇:1-4份;
去离子水:4-7份;
NH3·H2O:1-3份;
EDTA二钠盐:12-20份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于环境治理的磁性纳米颗粒,其特征在于,所述TiO2纳米包裹颗粒由以下材料按重量份制备而成:
钛酸四丁酯:1-1.2份;
无水乙醇:15-50份;
NH3·H2O:1.5-2份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于环境治理的磁性纳米颗粒,其特征在于,所述壳聚糖基底由以下材料按重量份制备而成:
壳聚糖:5-8份;
戊二醛:1-2份;
醋酸溶液:0.1-0.4份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于环境治理的磁性纳米颗粒,其特征在于,所述催化颗粒由以下材料按重量份制备而成:
Ce(NO3)3·6H2O:1-1.3份;
CTAB:0.38-0.54份;
去离子水:8-11份;
柠檬酸锰:0.1-0.2份;
聚四氟乙烯:100份;
NH3·H2O:8-10份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于环境治理的磁性纳米颗粒,其特征在于,所述Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒按照以下步骤制备:
(1).将FeSO4·7H2O、FeCl3·6H2O、聚乙二醇加入到去离子水中,在50-80℃,转速400-800r/min下搅拌10-20分钟,得到分散液;
(2)向50-80℃的分散液中,在转速400-800r/min的搅拌下加入NH3·H2O,然后加入EDTA二钠盐,继续在50-80℃条件下搅拌40-80分钟,得到EDTA修饰的Fe3O4磁性胶体,自然冷却至室温;
(3)用盐酸将EDTA修饰的Fe3O4磁性胶体中和至中性,再用磁铁将EDTA修饰的Fe3O4修饰的Fe3O4胶体中的磁性颗粒分离出来,经去离子水和乙醇清洗至中性,得到EDTA修饰的Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于环境治理的磁性纳米颗粒,其特征在于,所述TiO2纳米包裹颗粒按照以下步骤制备:
将Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒加入由钛酸四丁酯、无水乙醇、NH·H2O的混合液中,然后超声10-30分钟,再在室温下搅拌1-2h、然后用磁铁分离手机,用去离子水、乙醇反复清洗至中性,干燥,得到包裹TiO2的Fe3O4纳米颗粒。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于环境治理的磁性纳米颗粒技术,其特征在于,所述催化颗粒按照以下步骤制备:
将Ce(NO3)3·6H2O和CTAB溶于90ml去离子水中,在快速搅拌下逐渐加入NH3·H2O和柠檬酸锰,形成红色絮状物后继续搅拌40~60min,然后转入聚四氟乙烯内衬的水热反应釜中,保持100~105℃水热反应24~36h,冷却至室温后过滤,用无水乙醇和去离子水分别清洗2~3遍之后在80℃~100℃下干燥至得到黄色粉末即可。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于环境治理的纳米颗粒,其特征在于,所述壳聚糖底基按照以下步骤制备:
将壳聚糖加入到浓度为0.5~1wt%醋酸溶液中,搅拌均匀,然后加入戊二醛,得到凝胶状物质即为壳聚糖基底。
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