CN113874003A - 用于从不成熟的完整葡萄串连续提取和纯化独特的黄烷-3-醇提取物的方法和其组合物 - Google Patents
用于从不成熟的完整葡萄串连续提取和纯化独特的黄烷-3-醇提取物的方法和其组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本公开提供了用于从早期收获的完整葡萄串连续提取、纯化和生产黄烷‑3‑醇提取物的新工艺。来自该工艺的终产物特别富含单体黄烷‑3‑醇和低聚黄烷‑3‑醇并且在酸催化条件下具有非常高的终产物至黄烷‑3‑醇子单元的转化。在多酚化学的领域中,终产物中的低聚物和聚合物通常称为原花青素。本公开提供了用于经连续提取工艺产生终产物的新工艺以及具有独特的组成的终产物。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2019年3月25日提交的美国临时申请号62/823,390的优先权,其通过引用以其整体并入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及多酚化学产物和工艺。
背景
类黄酮构成广泛地分布在植物中的膳食多酚类化合物的重要的组。在植物来源,比如水果、蔬菜、豆科植物、坚果、种子、草本植物、香料、花卉,以及在饮品,比如茶、可可、啤酒、葡萄酒和葡萄果汁中,已经鉴定出了多于4000种化学上独特的类黄酮。
在葡萄中,发现的主要类黄酮种类包括花青素、黄酮醇和黄烷-3-醇(包括黄烷-3-醇单体以及原花青素)。原花青素为由黄烷-3-醇子单元组成的低聚化合物和聚合化合物(图1和图2)。这些子单元包括(+)-儿茶素、(-)-表儿茶素、(-)-表没食子儿茶素和(-)-表儿茶素3-O-没食子酸酯。从生物活性角度,原花青素低聚物可被认为具有2至7个子单元(二聚体至七聚体);而聚合物表示具有大于7个子单元的组分。
从商业角度,利用黄烷-3-醇是令人感兴趣的。为了在商业上用作葡萄提取物,这些化合物必须以更浓缩的形式产生。其中从完整葡萄、葡萄渣和葡萄籽提取、纯化和浓缩多酚类化合物的一般工艺公开在名称为PROCESS FOREXTRACTION,PURIFICATION ANDENRICHMENT OFPOLYPHENOLIC SUBSTANCES FROM WHOLE GRAPES,GRAPE SEEDS AND GRAPEPOMACE的共同拥有的美国专利号6,544,581中,其通过引用以其整体并入本文。不存在已在文献中报道的用于从转色期前葡萄中生产葡萄提取物的加工方法。
发明概述
本公开提供了用于从早期收获的完整葡萄串中连续提取、纯化和生产黄烷-3-醇提取物的新工艺。来自该工艺的终产物特别富含单体黄烷-3-醇和低聚黄烷-3-醇并且在酸催化条件下具有非常高的终产物至黄烷-3-醇子单元的转化。在多酚化学领域中,终产物中的低聚物和聚合物经常称为原花青素。本公开提供了用于经连续提取工艺产生终产物的新工艺并且终产物具有独特的组成。
本公开大体上囊括用于从葡萄串提取黄烷-3-醇的方法和其组合物。
在一个实施方式中,本公开囊括用于从葡萄串提取黄烷-3-醇的方法,包括:
i.将葡萄串添加至水中以形成料浆,水处于高于室温的温度,
ii.将料浆添加至倾析器以分离固体,以形成粗提取物;
iii.将提取物冷却并且用酶处理冷却的提取物;
iv.添加酸以形成酸化的提取物;
v.将酸化的提取物冷却足够允许提取物中存在的大分子沉降的时间;
vi.将提取物过滤以产生澄清的提取物;和
vii.将过滤的提取物纯化。
在某些实施方式中,葡萄串为切碎的。
在某些实施方式中,在高于室温的温度形成料浆。
在某些实施方式中,酶为果胶酶。
在某些实施方式中,使用吸附-洗脱色谱进行纯化。
在某些实施方式中,在XAD-7HP柱上进行吸附-洗脱色谱。
另一实施方式囊括用于从葡萄串连续提取黄烷-3-醇的方法,包括:
i.将葡萄串切碎;
ii.将切碎的葡萄串添加至水中,在其中形成料浆,水处于高于室温的温度,
iii.将料浆添加至倾析器,分离固体,以形成粗提取物;
iv.将提取物冷却并且用果胶酶处理冷却的提取物;
v.添加酸以形成酸化的提取物;
vi.将酸化的提取物冷却足够允许提取物中存在的大分子沉降的时间;
vii.将提取物过滤以产生澄清的提取物;和
viii.使用吸附-洗脱色谱在XAD-7HP柱上纯化过滤的提取物。
在另一实施方式中,本公开囊括一种多酚类组合物,其包括大于90%的总酚含量(GAE,%w/w,干基),所述总酚含量包括量为约70%的单体/低聚物和量为约30%的聚合物,其中单体/低聚物含量是33.2%的单体、6.9%的二聚物、10.6%的三聚物、9.0%的四聚物和10.6%的五聚物。
在另一实施方式中,组合物配制成膳食补充剂。
在另一实施方式中,组合物为营养制剂、食品和/或饮品产品。
在另一实施方式中,药学剂型,包括胶囊、片剂、粉剂、溶液剂、凝胶剂、混悬剂、霜剂、糊剂、凝胶剂、栓剂或经皮贴片。
在另一实施方式中,单体为黄烷-3-醇。
在另一实施方式中,黄烷-3-醇为表儿茶素、儿茶素、表儿茶素-3-O-没食子酸酯和表没食子儿茶素。
在另一实施方式中,黄烷-3-醇为表儿茶素。
在另一实施方式中,黄烷-3-醇为儿茶素。
在另一实施方式中,黄烷-3-醇为表儿茶素-3-O-没食子酸酯。
在另一实施方式中,黄烷-3-醇为表没食子儿茶素.
在另一实施方式中,组合物适于口服施用。
本公开提供了允许从完整葡萄串连续提取黄烷-3-醇,随后纯化和浓缩成喷雾干燥的粉末的新工艺。本文公开的新工艺的数个实施方式的方面包括连续热水提取,热水提取物的酶处理、pH处理,以及使用商业上可得的由陶氏化学公司售卖的XAD-7HP吸附树脂将有益的多酚类物质的浓缩和纯化最大化。
本公开的工艺生产高度浓缩的黄烷-3-醇产物。由于收获的时机(就在转色期之前),葡萄中黄烷-3-醇单体、低聚物和聚合物量已经达到了它们的最大值并且此时最容易提取,这为连续提取产物提供了机会。另外,通过此时提取材料,目的是最大程度地保持黄烷-3-醇结构。
本公开不要求源材料的有机溶剂提取、膜过滤或溶剂-溶剂分配。正因如此,本公开中描述的工艺比先前已知的那些更安全、更简单和更高产。因此,本公开比先前已知的方法更适于大规模商业/工业和酒厂生产。
根据本公开生产的产物可在食品、饮品和保健品中使用。从生物活性角度,本公开中的产物可有助于降低心血管疾病的发病率,可有助于预防或治疗高血压前期、代谢综合症,并且可提高认知功能,减缓认知下降的进展,并且减慢随着衰老导致认知下降的DNA损伤和DNA内的不稳定。参见,例如:Spadafranca等,“Effect of dark chocolate on plasmaepicatechin levels,DNA resistance to oxidative stress and total antioxidantactivity in healthy subjects”,British Journal of Nutrition,103:1008-14(2010);Lee等,“Examining the impact of grape consumption on brain metabolism andcognitive function in patients with mild decline in cognition:A double-blinded placebo-controlled pilot study”,Experimental Gerontology,87:121-128(2017)。
另外,由于保持了黄烷-3-醇结构,预期产物将在更大程度上被较低肠微生物群落代谢。参见,例如:Appeldoorn等,“Procyanidin dimers are metabolized by humanmicrobiota with 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid and 5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-γ-valerolactone as the major metabolites”,Journal ofAgricultural and Food Chemistry,57:1084-1092(2009);Weise等,“Comparativebiokinetics and metabolism of pure monomeric,dimeric,and polymeric flavan-3-ols:A randomized cross-over study in humans”,Molecular Nutrition and FoodScience,59:610-621(2015);Alvarez-Cilleros等,“Colonic metabolites fromflavanols stimulate nitric oxide production in human endothelial cells andprotect against oxidative stress-induced toxicity and endothelialdysfunction”,Food Chemistry and Toxicology,115:88-97(2018);Ottaviani等,“Evaluation at scale of microbiome-derived metabolites as biomarker offlavan-3-ol intake in epidemiological studies”,Scientific Reports,8:9859(2018)。
抗氧化特性在横跨宽范围的应用中是有益的。因此,可生产含有根据本公开的多酚类产物的食品、饮品、膳食补充剂、营养制剂和化妆品。根据本公开的产物可在化妆品制剂中用作抗氧化剂,用于皮肤保护。并且,考虑到产物颜色非常浅,其可并入饮品,而不赋予不利的颜色。
附图简要说明
图1阐释了在酿酒葡萄(Vitis vinifera L)中发现的黄烷-3-醇子单元。
图2阐释了一般的原花青素结构,指示出了主要4→8类黄酮间键。
图3阐释了提供通用的提取和纯化工艺的流程图。
图4阐释了浆果发育的通用示意图,突出了黄烷-3-醇生产并且指示了收获时间。
发明详述
如遍及本说明书所用的,“黄烷-3-醇单体”或“单体”指单体的黄烷-3-醇化合物,比如(+)-儿茶素、(-)-表儿茶素、(-)-表没食子儿茶素和(-)-表儿茶素没食子酸酯。“低聚原花青素”指具有2至约7的聚合度(“DP”)的化合物;“聚合原花青素”指具有8或更大的聚合度的原花青素;“水溶剂”(例如,“乙醇水溶液”)指水和溶剂的溶液;“X%水溶剂”(例如,“80%乙醇水溶液”)指含有X%(v/v)溶剂的溶液。因此,80%乙醇水溶液含有20%的水和80%的乙醇(v/v)。
本公开提供了用于连续提取在转色期之前收获的完整葡萄串并且生产含有良好保持黄烷-3-醇结构的独特产物的新工艺(图3)。
为了提取物完整葡萄串,收获的时机是至关重要的,以便实现最大的每个浆果的黄烷-3-醇量。该时间与浆果成熟的迟滞后期/转色期早期一致(图4)。在某些实施方式中,将完整葡萄串切碎成近似葡萄籽尺寸并且接着引导至其中添加水(接近100℃)的葡萄泵。在某些实施方式中,将合并的葡萄/水料浆泵至倾析器,停留时间等于提取时间(例如5分钟)。在某些实施方式中,倾析器用于将总固体与粗提取物分开。
在某些实施方式中,将提取物冷却并且用适当的商业上可得的果胶酶,比如,例如,由Novo Nordisk制造的Ultra SP-L处理,以分解细胞壁成分。在某些实施方式中,提取物在80-120°F被酶处理两个小时的时间段。在其他实施方式中,提取物可在约40-50°F被酶处理7-14天或更长时间。
在某些实施方式中,所得提取物用酸,优选无机酸,更优选硫酸而酸化至近似1.5-2.5的pH,并且允许反应1至48小时。在某些实施方式中,酸化的提取物被冷却数周,以允许大分子,包括蛋白质和多糖,沉降。在某些实施方式中,冷却的酸化提取物接着使用硅藻土过滤,以产生澄清的提取物。也可使用其他过助滤剂,比如珍珠岩。
在某些实施方式中,过滤提取物接着通过使用吸附-洗脱色谱,例如在包括1-100床体积的流出物的XAD-7HP柱上纯化并吸附在XAD-7HP柱上。在某些实施方式中,用于从XAD-7HP柱回收原花青素的吸附/洗脱工艺与美国专利号6,544,581B1中描述的用于浓缩葡萄籽原花青素的工艺类似。
在某些实施方式中,当与标准提取物,比如葡萄籽提取物比较时,在最终公开中制备的提取物具有独特的特性。在表1中显示的实施例中,本公开分析和比较了两个葡萄籽提取物。提取物都使用吸附-洗脱色谱制备并且正因如此具有高的总酚(>90%w/w,GAE)。本公开的其他不同之处在于,在存在过量的亲核试剂的情况下,在酸-催化之后原花青素相关子单元的总体产率(72.2%w/w)相对于标准葡萄籽提取物(<55.0%w/w)。在某些实施方式中,低聚组合物比标准葡萄籽提取物高得多。综合考虑,本公开生产了含有更高比例的已知组合物的低分子量黄烷-3-醇的提取物。本公开的组合物由于其独特的组成,可具有更高的总体生物利用度。
在某些实施方式中,本公开的二聚物和三聚物具有清除超氧阴离子自由基的活性。超氧阴离子自由基(O2 -)为在活体内形成的一种活性氧,其中自由基不仅仅展示杀菌作用而且也诱导无差别的强氧化反应。认为这种作用通常通过细胞膜中不饱和脂肪酸的过氧化反应造成比如活体衰老和肿瘤形成等病况(参见,例如,NANZANDO'S MEDICALDICTIONARY,第18版,329页,1998年1月16日出版)。另外,食品中不饱和脂肪酸的过氧化反应将导致其劣化并且甚至可涉及来自食品的异味的发散。所以,可清除超氧阴离子自由基的本公开的化合物具有以下有益的特点,它们可防止各种由活性氧造成的病况,包括,例如,生活方式相关的疾病,比如高血压、糖尿病和高血脂;心脏疾病,比如动脉硬化;和衰老以及癌症。
所以,本公开的化合物可以以比自然来源的常规超氧阴离子自由基清除剂更小的量使用并且可仍防止各种由活性氧造成的病况,包括,例如,生活方式相关的疾病,比如高血压、糖尿病和高血脂;心脏疾病,比如动脉硬化;和衰老以及癌症。另外,因为本公开的化合物为自然来源的,所以它们的特点是高的安全性水平并且可在延长的时间段内摄入,以展示期望的效力。
本公开的表没食子儿茶素二聚物和/或三聚物可并入茶中,以便在其中加强多酚,从而生产食品和饮品,该食品和饮品不仅具有减少自然脂肪和防止脂质的过氧化反应、衰老和肥胖的作用,而且具有防止由活性氧造成的各种病况包括,例如,生活方式相关的疾病,比如高血压、糖尿病和高血脂;心脏疾病,比如动脉硬化;和衰老和癌症的作用。
其中可并入本公开的化合物的饮品的示例包括软饮料、茶饮品、液体滋补品、健康饮料、营养供应饮料、运动饮料和碳酸饮料(包括这些饮品的液体浓缩物和预备粉末),并且其中可并入化合物的示例性食品包括树胶、糖果、果胶、片状的蜜饯、保健食品、营养供应食品和膳食补充剂。
在某些实施方式中,本公开的葡萄提取物可配制成膳食补充剂或药学剂型,包括胶囊、片剂、粉剂、溶液剂、凝胶剂、混悬剂、霜剂(cream)、糊剂(paste)、凝胶剂、栓剂、经皮贴片等。为例如粉剂或溶液剂型的膳食补充剂,可添加至保健品、食品和/或饮品,以形成营养制剂、食品和/或饮品产品。在某些实施方式中,膳食补充剂可配制为粉末,例如,用于与可消耗的液体比如牛奶、果汁、水或可消耗的凝胶或糖浆剂混合,以用于混合至其他膳食液体或食品。本公开的膳食补充剂可与其他食品或液体一起配制,以提供预测补充食品,比如单份棒。可并入本公开的葡萄提取物的示例性食品产物包括乳制品比如酸奶、谷物、面包、零食、水果果汁、软饮料和其他饮料。根据需要,可添加调味剂、粘结剂、蛋白质、复合碳水化合物、维生素、矿物质等。优选地,葡萄提取物配制为用于口服施用。
表1、本公开的组合物对传统的葡萄籽提取物。
注意:
1)提取物转化为已知的黄烷-3-醇子单元(w/w),如以下中所述:Kennedy和Jones,“Analysis of proanthocyanidin cleavage products following acid-catalysis inthe presence of excess phloroglucinol”,Journal of Agricultural and FoodChemistry:1740-1746(2001)。
2)基于对Folin-Ciocalteu试剂响应的总酚含量(GAE,w/w),如以下中所述:Singleton等,“Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates andantioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent”,Oxidants and Antioxidants,Pt.A,299:152-178(1999)。
3)基于峰面积尺寸的提取物的组合物,如以下中所述:Kelm等,“High-performance liquid chromatography separation and purification of cacao(Theobroma cacao L.)procyanidins according to degree of polymerization usinga diol stationary phase”54:1571-1576(2006)。
本公开也提供了含有根据本公开的多酚类产物或葡萄提取物多酚类产物,比如食品、饮品、膳食补充剂、功能食品、化妆品和药学剂型。在某些实施方式中,根据本公开生产的产物可在食品、饮品和保健品中用作抗氧化剂。在某些实施方式中,根据本公开生产的产物可施用至受试者,比如动物或人。在某些实施方式中,根据本公开的产物可有助于降低心血管疾病的发病率,可有助于预防或治疗高血压前期、代谢综合症,并且可提高认知功能,减缓认知下降的进展,并且减慢随着衰老导致认知下降的DNA损伤和DNA中的不稳定。
涉及保护端粒和DNA完整性的最近研究显示可可提取物(原花青素)减缓端粒的缩短。随着人们变老,DNA损伤和DNA中的不稳定很可能是许多衰老疾病或病况,包括认知下降的因素。参见,例如:Spadafranca等,“Effect of dark chocolate on plasmaepicatechin levels,DNA resistance to oxidative stress and total antioxidantactivity in healthy subjects”,British Journal of Nutrition,103:1008-14(2010)。食用葡萄的治疗益处显示保护遭受轻微认知改变的个体中的脑功能,考虑到由于上升的老年人口而不断增加的发展成痴呆的成年人比例,这尤其重要。多酚也可以以不同的方式调节脑功能,这取决于限制辨别对于神经保护效果贡献最明显的多酚的亚型。脑代谢中纵向改变的显著保护,其反过来与注意力/工作记忆表现提高相关,与葡萄的日摄取量对于遭受轻度认知下降的个体中保持代谢活性的有益效果一致。参见,例如:Lee等,“Examining theimpact of grape consumption on brain metabolism and cognitive function inpatients with mild decline in cognition:Adouble-blinded placebo controlledpilot study”,Experimental Gerontology,87:121-128(2017);Nofar,WO2014141265 A1-“Inhibition of neurodegenerative disease by grape seed extract,green tea,andprobiotic bacteria”;Lamport等,“The effect of flavanol-rich cocoa on cerebralperfusion in healthy older adults during conscious resting state:a placebocontrolled,crossover,acute trial”,Psychopharmacology,232:3227-3234(2015);Rendeiro等,“The mechanisms of action of flavonoids in the brain:Direct versusindirect effects”,Neurochemistry International,89:126-139(2015)。
在某些实施方式中,根据本公开的产物可被肠微生物群落代谢,以产生被吸收并且具有如上所述相同活性的代谢产物。由于保持了黄烷-3-醇结构,预期相比标准葡萄籽提取物,根据本公开的产物可在更大程度上被较低肠微生物群落代谢。参见,例如:Appeldoorn等,“Procyanidin dimers are metabolized by human microbiota with 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid and 5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-γ-valerolactoneas the major metabolites”Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,57:1084-1092(2009);Weise等,“Comparative biokinetics and metabolism of pure monomeric,dimeric,and polymeric flavan-3-ols:Arandomized cross-over study in humans”,Molecular Nutrition and Food Science,59:610-621(2015);Alvarez-Cilleros等,“Colonic metabolites from flavanols stimulate nitric oxide production inhuman endothelial cells and protect against oxidative stress-induced toxicityand endothelial dysfunction.”Food Chemistry and Toxicology,115:88-97(2018);Ottaviani等,“Evaluation at scale of microbiome-derived metabolites asbiomarker of flavan-3-ol intake in epidemiological studies”,ScientificReports,8:9859(2018)。
在某些实施方式中,根据本公开的产物可用于改善健康受试者的认知功能。在某些实施方式中,根据本公开的产物可在化妆品制剂中用作抗氧化剂,用于皮肤保护。
在某些实施方式中,葡萄提取物的利用可使用技术人员已知的方法测试。参见,例如:Wang等,“Brain-targeted proanthocyanidin metabolites for Alzheimer’sDisease treatment”,Journal of Neuroscience,32:5144–5150(2012);Hayden等,“Inhibiting amyloidβ-protein assembly:Size-activity relationships among grapeseed-derived polyphenols”,Journal of Neurochemistry,135:416-430(2015);Lamport等,“The effect of flavanol-rich cocoa on cerebral perfusion in healthy olderadults during conscious resting state:Aplacebo controlled,crossover,acutetrial”,Psychopharmacology,232:3227–3234(2015);Brickman等,“Enhancing dentategyrus function with dietary flavanols improves cognition in older adults”Nature Neuroscience,17:1798-1803(2014);Appeldoorn等,“Procyanidin dimers aremetabolized by human microbiota with 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid and5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-γ-valerolactone as the major metabolites.”Journal ofAgricultural and Food Chemistry,57:1084-1092(2009);Weise等,“Comparativebiokinetics and metabolism of pure monomeric,dimeric,and polymeric flavan-3-ols:Arandomized cross-over study in humans”,Molecular Nutrition and FoodScience,59:610-621(2015);Alvarez-Cilleros等,“Colonic metabolites fromflavanols stimulate nitric oxide production in human endothelial cells andprotect against oxidative stress-induced toxicity and endothelialdysfunction”,Food Chemistry and Toxicology,115:88-97(2018);Ottaviani等,“Evaluation at scale of microbiome-derived metabolites as biomarker offlavan-3-ol intake in epidemiological studies”,Scientific Reports 8:9859(2018)。
在某些实施方式中,可以每天或根据需要,以对受试者实现治疗或有益效果的有效量,向受试者根据本公开的多酚类产物或葡萄提取物。剂量和/或剂量频率可根据比如受试者的年龄、受试者的体重、多酚类产物用于治疗或预防的疾病或病况的严重程度、以及施用的途径等因素而改变。一般而言,总的日剂量范围可为约100mg至约1000mg葡萄提取物,以单剂量施用或分剂量施用。口服日剂量范围优选地为约100mg至约1000mg的葡萄提取物(即,不包括赋形剂和载体)。例如,胶囊或片剂可配制为100mg或1000mg剂量,而饮品可与目标剂量的本公开的葡萄提取物一起配制。
在某些实施方式中,本公开的多酚类产物可以常规的方式配制(即,通过干燥混合、干法造粒或湿法造粒、直接压缩),与药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂、维生素、矿物质和/或其他营养物混合。在口服固体制剂(比如粉剂、胶囊和片剂)的情况下,代表性载体和赋形剂包括但不限于淀粉、糖、微晶纤维素、稀释剂、成粒剂、润滑剂、粘结剂、崩解剂等。
在某些实施方式中,可采用任何适当的施用途径,以将本公开的膳食补充剂施用至个体。适当的途径包括,例如,口服、直肠施用、肠胃外施用、静脉内施用、局部施用、经皮施用、皮下施用、鼻施用和肌内施用。尽管可采用任何适当的施用途径,用于为患者提供有效量的根据本公开方法的葡萄提取物,但是优选口服施用,包括固体剂型,比如片剂、胶囊或粉剂。也优选的是将葡萄提取物配制为用于功能食物、食品或饮品产品。
在某些实施方式中,根据本公开的葡萄提取物也可与其他活性剂组合,其他活性剂包括但不限于姜黄素(例如,作为吸收-增强的例如,每天400-800mg)、R-硫辛酸(例如,每天240-480mg)、乙酰基-L-肉碱(例如,每天1,000-3,000mg)、鱼油(例如,每天提供1,400mg EPA和1,000mg DHA)、长春西汀(例如,每天10-30mg)、吡咯并喹啉醌(PQQ)(例如,每天10-20mg)、磷脂酰丝氨酸(例如,每天100mg)、咖啡(含咖啡因的;例如,每天3-5杯,理想地标准化为提供最高浓度的多酚)、蓝莓提取物(例如,每天150-750mg)、绿色茶提取物(例如,标准化至98%多酚;例如,每天725-1,450mg)、白藜芦醇(例如,每天250mg)、完整葡萄提取物(例如,每天150mg)、镁(例如,当为L-苏氨酸镁时,每天140mg,以及当为柠檬酸镁时,每天至少100mg)、维生素B12(例如,每天1,000-5,000mcg)、维生素B6(例如,每天250mg)、叶酸(优选地为L-甲基油酸酯;例如,每天400-1,000mcg)、维生素D(例如,每天5,000-8,000IU;25-OH-维生素D的最佳血液水平为50-80ng/mL)、辅酶Q10(优选泛醌;例如,每天100-300mg)、N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC;例如,每天600-1,800mg)、南非醉茄提取物(例如,每天250mg)、α甘油磷酰胆碱(例如,每天600mg)、石杉碱A(例如,每天200-800mcg)、人参(例如,每天400-1,000mg)、维生素E(例如,每天400IU,以及至少200mgγ生育酚),和银杏(标准化提取物;例如,每天120-240mg)。
尽管已经详细地和参考其具体的实施方式描述了要求保护的公开,但是对本领域普通技术人员将显而易见的是,在不背离要求保护的公开的精神和范围的情况下,可对其进行各种改变和修饰。因此,例如,使用不超过常规的实验,本领域技术人员将认识或能够了解到本文所述的具体物质和程序的许多等效方案。这种等效方案视为在本公开的范围内,并且由所附的权利要求覆盖。
Claims (18)
1.一种用于从葡萄串提取黄烷-3-醇的方法,包括:
i.将所述葡萄串添加至水中以形成料浆,所述水处于高于室温的温度,
ii.将所述料浆添加至倾析器,以分离固体,而形成粗提取物;
iii.将所述提取物冷却并且用酶处理冷却的提取物;
iv.添加酸以形成酸化的提取物;
v.将所述酸化的提取物冷却足够允许所述提取物中存在的大分子沉降的时间;
vi.将所述提取物过滤,以产生澄清的提取物;和
vii.将过滤的提取物纯化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述葡萄串为切碎的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中在高于室温的温度形成所述料浆。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述酶为果胶酶。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中使用吸附-洗脱色谱进行纯化。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中在XAD-7HP柱上进行所述吸附-洗脱色谱。
7.一种用于从葡萄串连续提取黄烷-3-醇的方法,包括:
i.将葡萄串切碎;
ii.将切碎的葡萄串添加至水中,在其中形成料浆,所述水处于高于室温的温度,
iii.将所述料浆添加至倾析器,分离固体,以形成粗提取物;
iv.将所述提取物冷却并用果胶酶处理冷却的提取物;
v.添加酸以形成酸化的提取物;
vi.将所述酸化的提取物冷却足够允许提取物中存在的大分子沉降的时间;
vii.将所述提取物过滤以产生澄清的提取物;和
viii.使用吸附-洗脱色谱在XAD-7HP柱上纯化经过滤的提取物。
8.一种多酚类组合物,其包括大于90%的总酚含量(GAE,%w/w,干基),所述总酚含量包括量为约70%的单体/低聚物和量为约30%的聚合物,其中所述单体/低聚物含量为33.2%的单体、6.9%的二聚物、10.6%的三聚物、9.0%的四聚物和10.6%的五聚物。
9.根据权利要求8所述的组合物,其中所述组合物被配制成膳食补充剂。
10.根据权利要求8所述的组合物,其中所述组合物为营养制剂、食品和/或饮品产品。
11.根据权利要求8所述的组合物,其中药学剂型,包括胶囊、片剂、粉剂、溶液剂、凝胶剂、混悬剂、霜剂、糊剂、凝胶剂、栓剂或经皮贴片。
12.根据权利要求8所述的组合物,其中所述单体为黄烷-3-醇。
13.根据权利要求12所述的组合物,其中所述黄烷-3-醇为表儿茶素、儿茶素、表儿茶素-3-O-没食子酸酯和表没食子儿茶素。
14.根据权利要求12所述的组合物,其中所述黄烷-3-醇为表儿茶素。
15.根据权利要求12所述的组合物,其中所述黄烷-3-醇为儿茶素。
16.根据权利要求12所述的组合物,其中所述黄烷-3-醇为表儿茶素-3-O-没食子酸酯。
17.根据权利要求12所述的组合物,其中所述黄烷-3-醇为表没食子儿茶素。
18.根据权利要求8所述的组合物,其适合于口服施用。
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