CN113861150A - 基于香豆素衍生物的有机发光材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
基于香豆素衍生物的有机发光材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113861150A CN113861150A CN202111455391.2A CN202111455391A CN113861150A CN 113861150 A CN113861150 A CN 113861150A CN 202111455391 A CN202111455391 A CN 202111455391A CN 113861150 A CN113861150 A CN 113861150A
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- C07D311/06—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 2
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- C07D311/16—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 2 not hydrogenated in the hetero ring substituted in position 7
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
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- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
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Abstract
本公开涉及一种基于香豆素衍生物的有机发光材料及其制备方法和应用,所述有机发光材料具有如式I所示结构。本公开提供的基于香豆素衍生物的有机发光材料以氰基取代香豆素作为受体(Acceptor,A)基团构筑新型长波长TADF材料;本公开提供的有机发光材料不仅具有合成简单、荧光量子效率高等优点;此外,还可以通过对分子给体(Donor,D)强度、数量和位点的调控,有效调节材料的发光颜色、发光效率,最终可以得到高效率长波长TADF器件。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及电致发光材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种基于香豆素衍生物的有机发光材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
有机电致发光器件(Organic light-emitting diodes,OLEDs)作为新一代的显示技术,在全彩色显示、可柔性化、宽视角、响应速度、低驱动电压低、低功耗等方面优点突出,也被称为二十一世纪的梦幻显示技术。
有机发光材料一直以来是限制OLED产业发展最为关键的因素,新型发光材料的开发是推动OLED产业持续发展的有效途径。OLED发光材料的发展可以分为三代:第一代传统荧光材料,由于存在较大的单重态和三重态能级差,传统荧光材料只能利用25%的单重态激子;第二代磷光材料,以铱、铂、钯等重金属原子的金属配合物为代表,通过与重金属原子强的自旋耦合作用,使得在电场下产生的激子可以100%以磷光发光的形式被利用,但是磷光材料中的贵金属资源稀缺,材料成本问题不容忽视;第三代TADF(热活化延迟荧光:Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence)材料是近年来发展最快的新一代OLED发光材料,其小的单重态和三重态能级差,使得三重态激子在室温下可以实现反向系间窜越(RISC),表现出长寿命延迟荧光(时间尺度:s~ms),实现100%的器件内量子效率(IQE),TADF材料的这种兼具高效率和低成本的特点,具有重要的商业化应用前景。
近年来天蓝光、绿光等发光波长的TADF材料获得了飞速的发展,但长波长发光材料由于能隙规则的限制,其非辐射跃迁速率随着发光波长的增加迅速降低,因此高效率、低滚降的红光、深红光TADF材料还十分稀少,这限制了高效TADF材料在全彩显示和白光照明中的应用。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题或者至少部分地解决上述技术问题,本公开提供了一种基于香豆素衍生物的有机发光材料及其制备方法和应用。
第一方面,本公开提供了一种基于香豆素衍生物的有机发光材料,所述有机发光材料具有如式I所示结构:
其中,R1~R5各自独立地选自给电子基团或H,且R1~R5不同时为H,所述给电子基团选自含有N、O、S、Se或Si中的至少一个杂原子的C5-C48的杂芳基,或C6-C48的芳香胺基,当R5为给电子基团时,R5为苯环桥连的给电子基团。
所述芳香胺基指的是带有芳香性取代基的胺基。
作为本公开的一种优选技术方案,所述给电子基团选自取代或未取代的咔唑基、取代或未取代的N-苯基咔唑基、取代或未取代的吩噁嗪基、取代或未取代的N-苯基吩噁嗪基、取代或未取代的吩噻嗪基、取代或未取代的N-苯基吩噻嗪基、取代或未取代的吩硒嗪、取代或未取代的N-苯基吩硒嗪、取代或未取代的二氢吩嗪基、取代或未取代的N-苯基二氢吩嗪基、取代或未取代的二氢吖啶基、取代或未取代的N-苯基二氢吖啶基、取代或未取代的螺环杂芳基、取代或未取代的硅中心螺环杂芳基、取代或未取代的二苯胺基、取代或未取代的三苯胺基、取代或未取代的苯基萘胺基、取代或未取代的吲哚并咔唑基;
上述基团带有至少一个取代基时,所述取代基选自甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、甲氧基、苯基、甲苯基、咔唑基、二苯胺基、吩噁嗪基或吩噻嗪基中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
作为本公开的一种具体实施方式,所述给电子基团具有如下任意一种结构:
其中,“┄”表示取代基连接位点。
作为本公开的一种优选技术方案,R1~R5中最多两个选自给电子基团。
作为本公开的一种具体实施方式,所述有机发光材料选自以下所示结构化合物:
第二方面,本公开提供了第一方面所述的有机发光材料的制备方法,所述制备方法包括:
(1)当R1~R4各自独立地选自给电子基团或H,R5为H,且R1~R4不同时为H时,所述制备方法包括如下反应历程:
其中,m为1~4的整数,m个R各自独立地选自给电子基团,所述给电子基团选自含有N、O、S、Se或Si中的至少一个杂原子的C5-C48的杂芳基,或C6-C48的芳香胺基;
所述制备方法包括:
a)溴代水杨醛、丙二腈和碳酸钠进行反应,然后与稀盐酸混合,得到中间体(I);
b)中间体(I)、带有给电子基团的有机化合物和碳酸盐在催化剂的作用下进行偶联反应,得到所述有机发光材料;
(2)当R1~R4均为H,R5为苯环桥连的给电子基团,所述制备方法包括如下反应历程:
其中,R'为给电子基团,所述给电子基团选自含有N、O、S、Se或Si中的至少一个杂原子的C5-C48的杂芳基,或C6-C48的芳香胺基;
所述制备方法包括:
(A)将苯酚、溴代苯甲醛和丙二腈混合进行反应得到固体中间物,固体中间物与碘继续进行反应,得到中间体(II);
(B)中间体(II)、带有给电子基团的有机化合物和碳酸盐在催化剂的作用下进行偶联反应,得到所述有机发光材料;
(3)当R1~R4中的任意一个为给电子基团,其余三个为H,R5为苯环桥连的给电子基团时,所述制备方法包括如下反应历程:
其中,R为给电子基团,所述给电子基团选自含有N、O、S、Se或Si中的至少一个杂原子的C5-C48的杂芳基,或C6-C48的芳香胺基;
所述制备方法包括:
(I)将溴代苯酚、溴代苯甲醛和丙二腈混合进行反应得到固体中间物,固体中间物与碘继续进行反应,得到中间体(III);
(II)中间体(III)、带有给电子基团的有机化合物和碳酸盐在催化剂的作用下进行偶联反应,得到所述有机发光材料。
作为本公开的一种优选技术方案,所述带有给电子基团的有机化合物选自如下所示结构化合物:
作为本公开的一种具体实施方式,当R1~R4各自独立地选自给电子基团或H,R5为H,且R1~R4不同时为H时,所述中间体(I)的制备方法包括如下步骤:
将原料溴代水杨醛、丙二腈和碳酸钠以摩尔比1:1:3的量溶于蒸馏水中,氮气保护下室温反应24小时;
停止反应后,将反应液到倒入稀盐酸中,在80℃条件下继续搅拌4小时;
搅拌结束后,将反应混合物用二氯甲烷萃取,浓缩后用柱层析方法分离(硅胶, 二氯甲烷),旋蒸并干燥,得到中间体(I)。
作为本公开的一种具体实施方式,所述原料溴代水杨醛选自5-溴-2-羟基苯甲醛、4-溴-2-羟基苯甲醛、2-溴-6-羟基苯甲醛、3-溴-2-羟基苯甲醛、3,5-二溴-2-羟基苯甲醛、4,5-二溴-2-羟基苯甲醛。
所述中间体(I)的结构如下:
作为本公开的一种具体实施方式,当中间体(I)带有m个Br时(m为1~4的整数),在步骤b)中,若带有给电子基团的有机化合物为b1~b25,则步骤b)包括如下步骤:
将中间体(I)、原料b1~b25中的一种或多种、碳酸钾以摩尔比1 : m×(1.1~1.2) :m×3的量溶于四氢呋喃溶液中,氮气保护下加入摩尔分数为1-5%的四(三苯基膦)钯催化剂及少量蒸馏水,N2氛围下于100℃加热回流12 h停止反应,将反应混合物倒入蒸馏水中,用二氯甲烷萃取,浓缩后用柱层析方法分离(硅胶,二氯甲烷)得到所述有机发光材料。
作为本公开的一种具体实施方式,在步骤b)中,若带有给电子基团的有机化合物为c1~c28,则步骤b)包括如下步骤:
将中间体(I)、原料c1~c28中的一种或多种、碳酸铯、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯以及三叔丁基膦以摩尔比1: m×(1.1~1.2): m×3:0.05:0.05的量溶于二氧六环溶液中,N2保护下,于油浴加热回流24 h停止反应,将反应混合物倒入蒸馏水中,用二氯甲烷萃取,浓缩后用柱层析方法分离(硅胶,二氯甲烷)得到所述有机发光材料。
作为本公开的一种具体实施方式,当R1~R4均为H,R5为给电子基团,所述中间体(II)的制备方法包括如下步骤:
将苯酚、溴代苯甲醛、丙二腈以摩尔比1.1: 1: 1.1加入乙醇中,加几滴三乙胺,在氮气氛围下,加热回流6 h;
待反应完成后,停止加热,反应体系自行冷却至室温析出固体,过滤并用乙醇洗滤饼,烘箱干燥后得到固体用于下一步反应;
将所得固体与碘以摩尔比1:1.1加入乙醇溶液中,加热回流反应12 h,待反应完成后,停止加热,反应体系自行冷却至室温析出固体,过滤并用乙醇洗滤饼,烘箱干燥后得到所述中间体(II)。
作为本公开的一种具体实施方式,在步骤(B)中,若带有给电子基团的有机化合物为b1~b25,则步骤(B)包括如下步骤:
将中间体(II)、原料b1~b25中的一种或多种、碳酸钾以摩尔比1:(1.1~1.2):3的量溶于四氢呋喃溶液中,氮气保护下加入摩尔分数为1~5%的四(三苯基膦)钯催化剂及少量蒸馏水,N2氛围下于100℃加热回流12 h停止反应,将反应混合物倒入蒸馏水中,用二氯甲烷萃取,浓缩后用柱层析方法分离(硅胶,二氯甲烷)得到所述有机发光材料。
作为本公开的一种具体实施方式,在步骤(B)中,若带有给电子基团的有机化合物为c1~c28,则步骤(B)包括如下步骤:
将中间体(II)、原料c1~c28中的一种或多种、碳酸铯、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯以及三叔丁基膦以摩尔比1:(1.1~1.2):3:0.05:0.05的量溶于二氧六环溶液中,N2保护下,于油浴加热回流24 h停止反应,将反应混合物倒入蒸馏水中,用二氯甲烷萃取,浓缩后用柱层析方法分离(硅胶,二氯甲烷)得到所述有机发光材料。
作为本公开的一种具体实施方式,当R1~R4中的任意一个为给电子基团,其余三个为H,R5为给电子基团时,所述中间体(III)的制备方法包括如下步骤:
将溴代苯酚、溴代苯甲醛、丙二腈以摩尔比1.1:1:1.1加入乙醇中,加几滴三乙胺,在氮气氛围下,加热回流6 h;
待反应完成后,停止加热,反应体系自行冷却至室温析出固体,过滤并用乙醇洗滤饼,烘箱干燥后得到固体用于下一步反应;
将所得固体与碘以摩尔比1:1.1加入乙醇溶液中,加热回流反应12 h,待反应完成后,停止加热,反应体系自行冷却至室温析出固体,过滤并用乙醇洗滤饼,烘箱干燥后得到所述中间体(III)。
作为本公开的一种具体实施方式,在步骤(II)中,若带有给电子基团的有机化合物为b1~b25,则步骤(II)包括如下步骤:
将中间体(III)、原料b1~b25中的一种或多种、碳酸钾以摩尔比1:(2.2~2.4):6的量溶于四氢呋喃溶液中,氮气保护下加入摩尔分数为1~5%的四(三苯基膦)钯催化剂及少量蒸馏水,N2氛围下于100℃加热回流12 h停止反应,将反应混合物倒入蒸馏水中,用二氯甲烷萃取,浓缩后用柱层析方法分离(硅胶,二氯甲烷)得到所述有机发光材料。
作为本公开的一种具体实施方式,在步骤(II)中,若带有给电子基团的有机化合物为c1~c28,则步骤(II)包括如下步骤:
将中间体(III)、原料c1~c28中的一种或多种、碳酸铯、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯以及三叔丁基膦以摩尔比1:(2.2~2.4):6:0.05:0.05的量溶于二氧六环溶液中,N2保护下,于油浴加热回流24 h停止反应,将反应混合物倒入蒸馏水中,用二氯甲烷萃取,浓缩后用柱层析方法分离(硅胶,二氯甲烷)得到所述有机发光材料。
第三方面,本公开提供了第一方面所述的有机发光材料在有机电致发光器件中的应用。
作为本公开的一种优选技术方案,所述有机发光材料在有机电致发光器件中用作发光材料。
第四方面,本公开提供了一种有机电致发光器件,所述有机电致发光器件包括发光层,所述发光层包括第一方面所述的有机发光材料。
作为本公开的一种优选技术方案,所述发光层的组成成分包括主体材料和掺杂材料,所述掺杂材料包括第一方面所述的有机发光材料。
作为本公开的一种优选技术方案,以所述发光层的组成成分的重量为100%计,所述掺杂材料的含量为3~10 wt%,例如4 wt%、5 wt%、6 wt%、7 wt%、8 wt%、9 wt%等,进一步优选5 wt%。
本公开提供的有机电致发光器件可以用于制备有机电致发光显示器、有机电致发光照明光源、装饰光源。
本公开实施例提供的技术方案与现有技术相比具有如下优点:
本公开提供的基于香豆素衍生物的有机发光材料可以作为受体(Acceptor, A)基团构筑新型长波长TADF材料;本公开提供的有机发光材料不仅合成简单、荧光量子效率高、吸电子能力强等优点;此外,还可以通过对分子给体(Donor, D)强度、数量和位点的调控,有效调节材料的发光颜色、发光效率及ΔEST,最终可以得到高效率低滚降的长波长TADF器件。
附图说明
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分,示出了符合本公开的实施例,并与说明书一起用于解释本公开的原理。
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,对于本领域普通技术人员而言,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本公开提供的化合物1的发射-吸收光谱图;
图2为本公开提供的化合物26的发射-吸收光谱图;
图3为本公开提供的化合物28的发射-吸收光谱图;
图4为本公开提供的化合物44的发射-吸收光谱图;
图5为本公开提供的化合物198掺杂薄膜的寿命图;
图6为本公开提供的化合物200掺杂薄膜的寿命图。
图7为本公开应用例制备得到的电致发光器件的整体结构示意图;
其中,1-ITO玻璃;2-空穴传输层;3-电子阻挡层;4-发光层;5-电子传输层;6-电子注入层;7-阴极。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本公开的上述目的、特征和优点,下面将对本公开的方案进行进一步描述。需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本公开的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本公开,但本公开还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的方式来实施;显然,说明书中的实施例只是本公开的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。
本公开对以下实施例中所采用的原料的来源没有特别的限制,可为市售产品或采用本领域技术人员所熟知的制备方法制备得到。
下述实施例中,所述的室温均是指10-30℃。
实施例1
本实施例提供了化合物1的制备方法如下:
(1)将5-溴-2-羟基苯甲醛(10 mmol)、丙二腈(10 mmol)和碳酸钠(30 mmol)溶于80 mL蒸馏水中,氮气保护下室温反应24小时;
(2)停止反应后,将反应液到倒入50 mL稀盐酸中,在80℃条件下继续搅拌4小时;
(3)搅拌结束后,将反应混合物用二氯甲烷萃取,浓缩后用柱层析方法分离(硅胶,二氯甲烷),旋蒸并干燥,得到中间体(I-1);
(4)将中间体(I-1)(3.0 mmol)、原料b1(3.5 mmol)、碳酸钾(12 mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0.1 mmol)、四氢呋喃(45 mL)和水(7.5 mL)加入三口瓶中,N2保护下,于油浴100℃加热回流12 h停止反应,将反应混合物倒入蒸馏水中,用二氯甲烷萃取,浓缩后用柱层析方法分离(硅胶,二氯甲烷)得到所述有机发光材料(化合物1,产率73%)。
实施例2
本实施例提供了化合物26的制备方法如下:
(1)~(3)与实施例1相同;
(4)将中间体(I-1)(3.0 mmol)、原料c1(3.5 mmol)、碳酸铯(12 mmol)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.15 mmol)、三叔丁基膦(0.15 mmol)和二氧六环(80 mL)加入三口瓶中,N2保护下,于油浴加热回流24 h停止反应,将反应混合物倒入蒸馏水中,用二氯甲烷萃取,浓缩后用柱层析方法分离(硅胶,二氯甲烷)得到所述有机发光材料(化合物26,产率74%)。
实施例3
本实施例提供了化合物176的制备方法如下:
(1)将3,5-二溴-2-羟基苯甲醛(10 mmol)、丙二腈(10 mmol)和碳酸钠(30 mmol)溶于80 mL蒸馏水中,氮气保护下室温反应24小时;
(2)停止反应后,将反应液到倒入50 mL稀盐酸中,在80℃条件下继续搅拌4小时;
(3)搅拌结束后,将反应混合物用二氯甲烷萃取,浓缩后用柱层析方法分离(硅胶,二氯甲烷),旋蒸并干燥,得到中间体(I-5);
(4)将中间体(I-5)(3.0 mmol)、原料b4(7 mmol)、碳酸钾(20 mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0.2 mmol)、四氢呋喃(80 mL)和水(10 mL)加入三口瓶中,N2保护下,于油浴100℃加热回流12 h停止反应,将反应混合物倒入蒸馏水中,用二氯甲烷萃取,浓缩后用柱层析方法分离(硅胶,二氯甲烷)得到所述有机发光材料(化合物176,产率76%)。
实施例4
本实施例提供了化合物202的制备方法如下:
(1)将苯酚(22mmol)、对溴苯甲醛(20mmol)和丙二腈(22mmol)加入150mL乙醇中,加5滴三乙胺,在氮气氛围下,加热回流反应6h,冷却至室温析出固体,过滤并用乙醇洗滤饼,烘箱干燥。将所得固体(10 mmol)与碘(11 mmol)加入80 mL乙醇中,加热回流反应12h得到中间体(II);
(2)将中间体(II)(3.0 mmol)、原料c1(3.5 mmol)、碳酸铯(12 mmol)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.15 mmol)、三叔丁基膦(0.15 mmol)和二氧六环(80 mL)加入三口瓶中,N2保护下,于油浴加热回流24 h停止反应,将反应混合物倒入蒸馏水中,用二氯甲烷萃取,浓缩后用柱层析方法分离(硅胶,二氯甲烷)得到所述有机发光材料(化合物202,产率76%)。
实施例5
本实施例提供了化合物223的制备方法如下:
(1)将对溴苯酚(22mmol)、对溴苯甲醛(20mmol)和丙二腈(22mmol)加入150mL乙醇中,加5滴三乙胺,在氮气氛围下,加热回流反应6h,冷却至室温析出固体,过滤并用乙醇洗滤饼,烘箱干燥。将所得固体(10 mmol)与碘(11 mmol)加入80 mL乙醇中,加热回流反应12h得到中间体(Ⅲ);
(2)将中间体(Ⅲ)(3.0 mmol)、原料c24(7 mmol)、碳酸铯(18 mmol)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.2 mmol)、三叔丁基膦(0.2 mmol)和二氧六环(100 mL)加入三口瓶中,N2保护下,于油浴加热回流24 h停止反应,将反应混合物倒入蒸馏水中,用二氯甲烷萃取,浓缩后用柱层析方法分离(硅胶,二氯甲烷)得到所述有机发光材料(化合物223,产率60%)。
实施例6
本实施例提供了化合物227的制备方法如下:
(1)与实施例5相同;
(2)将中间体(I-1)(3.0 mmol)、原料b1(3.5 mmol)、碳酸钾(20 mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0.2 mmol)、四氢呋喃(80 mL)和水(10 mL)加入三口瓶中,N2保护下,于油浴100℃加热回流12 h停止反应,将反应混合物倒入蒸馏水中,用二氯甲烷萃取,浓缩后用柱层析方法分离(硅胶,二氯甲烷)得到所述有机发光材料(化合物227,产率68%)。
性能测试1
(1)参照实施例1-6提供的制备方法制备得到化合物1-240,对产物的分子量、元素分析等进行表征,结果见表1:
表1:化合物1-240分子量和元素分析表征结果
(2)从化合物1-240中任选四个分别利用岛津公司的UV-2550紫外可见分光光度计和岛津公司的RF-5301PC荧光光度计仪器进行测试,得到化合物的吸收和发射光谱如下:
图1-图4分别为化合物1、26、28和44的吸收和发射光谱图,由图可知,合成的化合物固体发射光谱在黄光至红光的长波长区域,通过连接不同给体基团可以调节化合物波长。
图5和图6分别为化合物198和200掺杂薄膜(蒸镀法制备,CBP:5 wt%化合物)的瞬态衰减光谱,由爱丁堡FLS920稳态瞬态光谱仪测得,由图可知化合物表现出了明显的瞬时和延迟荧光组分,说明化合物具有TADF特性。
应用例
本应用例利用本公开提供的有机发光材料制备电致发光器件,具体器件制备工艺如下:
(1)透明ITO玻璃作为制备器件的基底材料,ITO洗液超声处理30 min,之后依次以蒸馏水(2次)、丙酮(2次)、异丙醇(2次)超声洗涤,最后将ITO玻璃保存在异丙醇中,每次使用前,先用丙酮棉球和异丙醇棉球小心擦拭ITO玻璃表面,待异丙醇冲洗后烘干,之后用等离子体处理5 min;
(2)器件的制备利用真空镀膜设备采用真空蒸镀工艺完成,当真空蒸镀系统的真空度达到5×10-4 Pa以下时开始蒸镀,沉积速率由赛恩斯膜厚仪监控,利用真空蒸镀工艺在ITO玻璃上依次沉积空穴传输层、电子阻挡层、发光层、电子传输层、电子注入层和阴极,得到的器件整体结构示意图如图7所示;
其中,NPB被作为空穴传输层使用(335 nm);TCTA被作为电子阻挡层(5 nm);发光层(25 nm)以CBP为主体、重量百分比5%的实施例提供的有机发光材料为客体;TPBI作为电子传输层(40 nm);LiF作为电子注入层(1 nm),Al作为金属阴极使用(100 nm),所用材料的结构如下:
性能测试2
对应用例提供的器件进行性能测试,器件的电流、电压、亮度、发光光谱等特性均采用PR655光谱扫描亮度计和Keithley K 2400 数字源表系统同步测试,测试结果见表2:
表2:电致发光器件的性能测试结果统计表
由本公开应用例和性能测试可知,本公开提供的有机发光材料作为客体材料,与主体材料掺杂作为发光层时,可以得到高效率低滚降的长波长TADF器件。
需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如“第一”和“第二”等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素,并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上所述仅是本公开的具体实施方式,使本领域技术人员能够理解或实现本公开。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本公开的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本公开将不会被限制于本文所述的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的有机发光材料,其特征在于,所述给电子基团选自取代或未取代的咔唑基、取代或未取代的N-苯基咔唑基、取代或未取代的吩噁嗪基、取代或未取代的N-苯基吩噁嗪基、取代或未取代的吩噻嗪基、取代或未取代的N-苯基吩噻嗪基、取代或未取代的吩硒嗪、取代或未取代的N-苯基吩硒嗪、取代或未取代的二氢吩嗪基、取代或未取代的N-苯基二氢吩嗪基、取代或未取代的二氢吖啶基、取代或未取代的N-苯基二氢吖啶基、取代或未取代的螺环杂芳基、取代或未取代的硅中心螺环杂芳基、取代或未取代的二苯胺基、取代或未取代的三苯胺基、取代或未取代的苯基萘胺基、取代或未取代的吲哚并咔唑基;
上述基团带有至少一个取代基时,所述取代基选自甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、甲氧基、苯基、甲苯基、咔唑基、二苯胺基、吩噁嗪基或吩噻嗪基中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的有机发光材料,其特征在于,R1~R5中最多两个选自给电子基团。
6.权利要求1-5中的任一项所述的有机发光材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括:
(1)当R1~R4各自独立地选自给电子基团或H,R5为H,且R1~R4不同时为H时,所述制备方法包括如下反应历程:
其中,m为1~4的整数,m个R各自独立地选自给电子基团,所述给电子基团选自含有N、O、S、Se或Si中的至少一个杂原子的C5-C48的杂芳基,或C6-C48的芳香胺基;
所述制备方法包括:
a)溴代水杨醛、丙二腈和碳酸钠进行反应,然后与稀盐酸混合,得到中间体(I);
b)中间体(I)、带有给电子基团的有机化合物和碳酸盐在催化剂的作用下进行偶联反应,得到所述有机发光材料;
(2)当R1~R4均为H,R5为苯环桥连的给电子基团,所述制备方法包括如下反应历程:
其中,R'为给电子基团,所述给电子基团选自含有N、O、S、Se或Si中的至少一个杂原子的C5-C48的杂芳基,或C6-C48的芳香胺基;
所述制备方法包括:
(A)将苯酚、溴代苯甲醛和丙二腈混合进行反应得到固体中间物,固体中间物与碘继续进行反应,得到中间体(II);
(B)中间体(II)、带有给电子基团的有机化合物和碳酸盐在催化剂的作用下进行偶联反应,得到所述有机发光材料;
(3)当R1~R4中的任意一个为给电子基团,其余三个为H,R5为苯环桥连的给电子基团时,所述制备方法包括如下反应历程:
其中,R为给电子基团,所述给电子基团选自含有N、O、S、Se或Si中的至少一个杂原子的C5-C48的杂芳基,或C6-C48的芳香胺基;
所述制备方法包括:
(I)将溴代苯酚、溴代苯甲醛和丙二腈混合进行反应得到固体中间物,固体中间物与碘继续进行反应,得到中间体(III);
(II)中间体(III)、带有给电子基团的有机化合物和碳酸盐在催化剂的作用下进行偶联反应,得到所述有机发光材料。
8.权利要求1-5中的任一项所述的有机发光材料在有机电致发光器件中的应用。
9.一种有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述有机电致发光器件包括发光层,所述发光层包括权利要求1-5中的任一项所述的有机发光材料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,所述发光层的组成成分包括主体材料和掺杂材料,所述掺杂材料包括权利要求1-5中的任一项所述的有机发光材料。
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