CN113855686A - 柠檬苦素在制备抗癫痫产品中的应用 - Google Patents
柠檬苦素在制备抗癫痫产品中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于医药和食品领域,涉及柠檬苦素在制备抗癫痫产品中的应用。本发明采用斑马鱼幼鱼模型,观测到柠檬苦素可以缓解由常见惊厥剂戊四唑诱导的斑马鱼癫痫发作症状。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药和食品领域,涉及柠檬苦素在制备抗癫痫产品中的应用。
背景技术
癫痫是全球最常见的慢性神经系统疾病之一,其特征是反复发作、不可预测且典型的无故发作。尽管任何年龄组的受试者都可能患癫痫,但新增病例最快的人群是幼儿和老年人。大约三分之二的首次癫痫发作发生在2岁以下的幼儿和75岁以上的老年人,患病率为3%。据世卫组织统计,全球至少有8000万人患有癫痫。
癫痫发作影响患者的生活质量,通常包括住院治疗,有认知和运动障碍、心理困扰、进行性记忆丧失、社会耻辱和隔离的风险。尽管有大量抗惊厥药物可用于治疗癫痫,并且新药带来了更多的治疗选择,但约30%的癫痫病例仍然存在耐药性,对抗惊厥药物治疗无反应,或者患者因其严重的副作用而停止治疗。因此从药食同源药材中寻找具有癫痫预防和治疗功能的小分子药物,可以获得安全性更高的替代药物。
柠檬苦素主要来源于柑橘属水果。其食源性的特征,说明柠檬苦素具有高度的安全性。柑橘属水果资源丰富,多达200多个物种,大多是全球十分常见的水果。这也保证了柠檬苦素具有充足的食源性原材料,便于加工制造。柑橘类水果主要由三个物种进化而来:柑桔(Citrus neticta)、柚子(C.maxima)和香橼(C.medica)。根据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)的年度报告,2016年,全球柑橘类水果种植面积达到681.7万公顷,产量超过1.24亿吨。柑橘类水果通常有种子和厚皮,每年产生约2万吨的加工废弃物。柑橘类废弃物容易霉变发臭,含有丰富的化学成分并具有较强的酸度,不经处理容易造成环境污染,也是巨大的资源浪费,且柑橘类水果中含有的柠檬苦素是否能够用于治疗和预防癫痫发作尚未见报道。
发明内容
鉴于以上技术问题,本发明的目的是提供天然的单体化合物柠檬苦素(limonin)的新用途,具体是柠檬苦素在制备抗癫痫产品中的用途。
优选地,所述柠檬苦素用于制备保护神经的抗癫痫产品。
优选地,所述柠檬苦素用于制备抑制脑部细胞凋亡、减轻脑部组织损伤的抗癫痫产品。
优选地,所述癫痫为急性癫痫或全身阵挛型癫痫。
优选地,所述产品为药物、功能食品或保健品。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种用于预防和/或治疗癫痫的药物,其包括上述柠檬苦素,以及药学上可接受的辅料或载体。
本发明的第三个目的是提供一种用于预防癫痫的保健食品,其包括上述柠檬苦素,以及可接受的辅料或载体。
本发明的第四个目的是提供一种用于预防癫痫的功能食品,其包括上述柠檬苦素,以及可接受的辅料或载体。
本发明还提供一种用于预防和/或治疗癫痫的药物组合物,其包括苯妥英钠及权利要求1-4任一项所述的柠檬苦素,以及药学上可接受的辅料或载体。
优选地,所述柠檬苦素与所述苯妥英钠的摩尔比为1-2∶5。
对比现有技术,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明首次揭示了柠檬苦素的抗癫痫作用。发明人采用斑马鱼幼鱼模型,观测到柠檬苦素可以缓解由常见惊厥剂(戊四唑,PTZ)诱导的斑马鱼癫痫发作症状;本发明还通过斑马鱼体内毒性评估,验证了柠檬苦素的高度安全性,无明显毒副作用;由于柠檬苦素是果汁加工废弃物中的典型成分,本发明也为工业废弃物的再利用提供了新的用途,对增加果汁加工产业附加值、降低环境污染具有现实意义。
附图说明
图1是不同药材及果汁加工废弃物中柠檬苦素的含量;
图2是柠檬苦素晶体的纯度分析图;
图3是柠檬苦素培养斑马鱼胚胎的孵化率;
图4是柠檬苦素培养斑马鱼幼鱼的畸形数目;
图5是柠檬苦素培养斑马鱼3天后幼鱼的形态特征;
图6是斑马鱼行为移动中心点的总距离;PS,苯妥英钠;limonin,柠檬苦素;
图7是斑马鱼运动速度中心点平均值;PS,苯妥英钠;limonin,柠檬苦素;
图8是斑马鱼行为学热点图;柠檬苦素-苯妥英钠联合用药组中柠檬苦素浓度为120μM、苯妥英钠浓度为180μM;
图9是斑马鱼脑部细胞凋亡荧光图;柠檬苦素-苯妥英钠联合用药组中柠檬苦素浓度为120μM、苯妥英钠浓度为180μM。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例对本发明做进一步说明,但是并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,按照常规方法和条件,或按照商品说明书选择。
本发明提供了天然单体化合物柠檬苦素在制备预防和/或治疗癫痫的药物、保健品或功能食品中的新用途。该柠檬苦素能够通过神经保护、抑制脑部细胞凋亡,并减轻脑部组织损伤来抑制癫痫。该单体化合物柠檬苦素具有式(I)所示的结构:
实施例1
不同原材料中柠檬苦素含量的液质分析:
以下所用干燥后的柑橘皮(陈皮)、柑橘籽(橘核)、柚子皮、柚子核、香橼皮、香橼籽购买自安徽亳州中药材集散批发中心,橙汁加工废弃物由杨凌红桑果食品技术有限公司提供。
每种植物材料粉碎后,取5.0g粉末依次用30ml正己烷、30ml90%甲醇在40℃下超声提取30分钟。甲醇提取液离心后取上清液,加入6-溴-4-羟基香豆素作为内标,过滤后进行液质分析。色谱分离采用UPLC C18色谱柱(shim pack XR ODS,2.0mm×100mm),流动相为10~100%的梯度乙腈,时间15分钟。为优化分离效果,流动相中加入了0.1%的乙酸。质谱仪器采用ESI正离子检测,碰撞能量35V,循环时间125ms。数据分析采用MS-Dial4.0开源软件,并使用内标做归一化分析。
结果如图1所示。经过对比分析发现,这些原材料中均明显含有柠檬苦素,其中柑橘果核、香橼籽和果汁加工废弃物中的柠檬苦素相对含量最高。
实施例2
橙汁加工废弃物中柠檬苦素的分离制备:
取新鲜的加工废弃物,40℃热风烘箱中热烘30分钟,风干表面水分后粉碎过筛。取100g粉末,加入1.0L二氯甲烷回流提取1小时后过滤去除药渣。提取液回收溶剂后得到油状提取物,加入100mL的甲醇-丙酮(9:1)混合溶液,超声混和后静置分层,取甲醇层过微孔滤膜,静置后得到柠檬苦素结晶粗品0.942g,过滤后溶解于热甲醇重结晶,产品纯度90%以上。柠檬苦素晶体的纯度分析图如图2所示。
实施例3
柠檬苦素急毒性评估:
将斑马鱼胚胎和幼鱼维持在E3培养液(5mM NaCl、330μMCaCl2、330μMMgSO4、170μMKCl)中,并加入不同浓度的柠檬苦素DMSO溶液,28℃下连续培养7天。在受精后第三天,通过体视显微镜观察统计胚胎孵化率、畸形情况。如柠檬苦素表现出明显的毒性,则进一步观察肝毒性。
实验结果如图3-5所示。20、60、120μM柠檬苦素未表现出明显的毒性且不影响胚胎正常孵化率与孵化时间,也未造成幼鱼畸形。
实施例4
柠檬苦素抗癫痫的斑马鱼行为观察:
取足量斑马鱼受精3天(3dpf)后的幼鱼,雌雄随机,随机分为八组,分别为空白组、模型组、阳性药物组、三个柠檬苦素给药组(20、60、120μM)、和两个联合给药组(柠檬苦素和苯妥英钠混合给药)。每组9条,设置3个重复组,均置于六孔板中。
柠檬苦素购买于成都植标化纯生物技术有限公司,戊四唑(PTZ)、阳性药物苯妥英钠均购买于上海麦克林生物技术有限公司。
分别将20mM、60mM、120mM的柠檬苦素DMSO溶液按0.1%比例加入斑马鱼E3培养液中,即可获得柠檬苦素浓度为20μM、60μM、120μM的样品溶液。按相同方法,配制了含300μM苯妥英钠的E3培养液用作阳性药物给药组。两个混合给药组的给药浓度分别为:柠檬苦素60μM和苯妥英钠240μM;柠檬苦素120μM和苯妥英钠180μM。联合给药组,两种药物的总浓度维持在300μM。各组处理一小时后,除空白组外均加入浓度15mM的戊四唑(PTZ)诱导斑马鱼癫痫发作,在避光处适应10分钟后,数码摄像机记录斑马鱼幼鱼的运动行为40分钟。记录视频中的运动行为采用EthvisionXT软件进行分析。
结果如图6-8所示。以总运动距离与平均运动速度为衡量指标。在PTZ诱导后,斑马鱼的总运动距离与平均运动速度与空白组相比明显上升。若在不同浓度的柠檬苦素处理后再给予PTZ诱导,斑马鱼幼鱼的癫痫样行为有所缓解,且呈量效关系。表明柠檬苦素可以缓解由戊四唑诱导的斑马鱼幼鱼急性癫痫症状。在与阳性药物苯妥英钠联用后,作用效果更为显著。
实施例5
柠檬苦素对斑马鱼脑神经组织的保护作用:
选取受精后7天(7dpf)后已经具备自主运动能力的幼鱼,每组10条,设置3个重复组。实验过程所配制给药浓度与实施例4中抗癫痫行为学实验一致。检测斑马鱼幼鱼大脑中细胞凋亡情况以揭示柠檬苦素对斑马鱼脑神经组织的保护作用。使用吖啶橙(AO)染色,购买于Sigma-Aldrich公司。这是一种核酸选择特异性染料,吖啶橙(AO)能透过胞膜完整的细胞,嵌入细胞核DNA,使之发出明亮的绿色荧光。给药后斑马鱼幼虫用PBS冲洗三次,使用5mg/L吖啶橙溶液染色,在28℃黑暗条件下孵育30分钟后PBS冲洗三次,用0.04%三卡因麻醉剂进行麻醉后在荧光显微镜下观察斑马鱼脑部细胞凋亡情况。
结果如图9所示。斑马鱼幼鱼卵黄囊前端与眼睛之间为脑部组织。凋亡的细胞呈现为染色增强、荧光更为明亮、均匀一致的圆状或固缩状、团块状结构,提示柠檬苦素能够抑制斑马鱼幼鱼脑部细胞的凋亡。柠檬苦素处理后能够抑制由PTZ诱导后癫痫疾病的细胞凋亡。
综上所述,柠檬苦素能够改善癫痫疾病发作症状,通过发挥神经保护作用抑制由癫痫引起的脑部细胞凋亡,减轻脑部组织病理损伤,且无明显的毒副作用。
以上公开的仅为本发明的几个具体实施例,但是,本发明实施例并非局限于此,任何本领域的技术人员能思之的变化都应落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.柠檬苦素在制备抗癫痫产品中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述柠檬苦素用于制备保护神经的抗癫痫产品。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述柠檬苦素用于制备抑制脑部细胞凋亡、减轻脑部组织损伤的抗癫痫产品。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述癫痫为急性癫痫或全身阵挛型癫痫。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述产品为药物、功能食品或保健品。
6.一种用于预防和/或治疗癫痫的药物,其特征在于,其包括权利要求1-4任一项所述的柠檬苦素,以及药学上可接受的辅料或载体。
7.一种用于预防癫痫的保健食品,其特征在于,其包括权利要求1-4任一项所述的柠檬苦素,以及可接受的辅料或载体。
8.一种用于预防癫痫的功能食品,其特征在于,其包括权利要求1-4任一项所述的柠檬苦素,以及可接受的辅料或载体。
9.一种用于预防和/或治疗癫痫的药物组合物,其特征在于,其包括苯妥英钠及权利要求1-4任一项所述的柠檬苦素,以及药学上可接受的辅料或载体。
10.根据权利要求9所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述柠檬苦素与所述苯妥英钠的摩尔比为1-2∶5。
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