CN113854577A - 一种功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113854577A CN113854577A CN202111159429.1A CN202111159429A CN113854577A CN 113854577 A CN113854577 A CN 113854577A CN 202111159429 A CN202111159429 A CN 202111159429A CN 113854577 A CN113854577 A CN 113854577A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- dietary fiber
- millet
- soluble dietary
- whole grain
- functional
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 244000062793 Sorghum vulgare Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 235000019713 millet Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 235000020985 whole grains Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 108091005658 Basic proteases Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003544 deproteinization Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013376 functional food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N Inositol-hexakisphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phytic acid Natural products OP(O)(=O)OC1C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C1OP(O)(O)=O IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000944 Soxhlet extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002949 phytic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000467 phytic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940068041 phytic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 abstract description 34
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 30
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 17
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 abstract description 14
- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 6
- 206010009944 Colon cancer Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 208000029742 colonic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 208000024172 Cardiovascular disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000255588 Tephritidae Species 0.000 description 32
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 32
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 22
- 241000255581 Drosophila <fruit fly, genus> Species 0.000 description 21
- WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malondialdehyde Chemical compound O=CCC=O WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229940118019 malondialdehyde Drugs 0.000 description 21
- 102000019197 Superoxide Dismutase Human genes 0.000 description 19
- 108010012715 Superoxide dismutase Proteins 0.000 description 19
- -1 nitrite ions Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 13
- 241000255601 Drosophila melanogaster Species 0.000 description 12
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 description 12
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 9
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229940005654 nitrite ion Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 241000186012 Bifidobacterium breve Species 0.000 description 6
- 240000001046 Lactobacillus acidophilus Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000013956 Lactobacillus acidophilus Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 241000186840 Lactobacillus fermentum Species 0.000 description 6
- 240000006024 Lactobacillus plantarum Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000013965 Lactobacillus plantarum Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 241000218588 Lactobacillus rhamnosus Species 0.000 description 6
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 6
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940039695 lactobacillus acidophilus Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229940012969 lactobacillus fermentum Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229940072205 lactobacillus plantarum Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- HHEAADYXPMHMCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dpph Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1[N]N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 HHEAADYXPMHMCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 4
- 240000005498 Setaria italica Species 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000002969 egg yolk Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 235000002252 panizo Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000000813 small intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108700002304 Drosophila can Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 210000004051 gastric juice Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000019674 grape juice Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003859 lipid peroxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011177 media preparation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005502 peroxidation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000017667 Chronic Disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013345 egg yolk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036542 oxidative stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000007965 phenolic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021391 short chain fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000004666 short chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- KSEBMYQBYZTDHS-HWKANZROSA-M (E)-Ferulic acid Natural products COC1=CC(\C=C\C([O-])=O)=CC=C1O KSEBMYQBYZTDHS-HWKANZROSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- PWKSKIMOESPYIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetamido-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)NC(CS)C(O)=O PWKSKIMOESPYIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPFSGDXIBUDDKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-decyl-2-hydroxycyclopent-2-en-1-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC1=C(O)C(=O)CC1 FPFSGDXIBUDDKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000186000 Bifidobacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001503 Glucan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012404 In vitro experiment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 1
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000357 carcinogen Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003183 carcinogenic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005100 correlation spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032669 eclosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002089 ferrous chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KSEBMYQBYZTDHS-HWKANZROSA-N ferulic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC(\C=C\C(O)=O)=CC=C1O KSEBMYQBYZTDHS-HWKANZROSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940114124 ferulic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KSEBMYQBYZTDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferulic acid Natural products COC1=CC(C=CC(O)=O)=CC=C1O KSEBMYQBYZTDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000001785 ferulic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008821 health effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004688 heptahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003919 heteronuclear multiple bond coherence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005570 heteronuclear single quantum coherence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 210000002429 large intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009630 liquid culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940040511 liver extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000011987 methylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007069 methylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006872 mrs medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005311 nuclear magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004792 oxidative damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009048 phenolic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013641 positive control Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JUJBNYBVVQSIOU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-[2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)tetrazol-2-ium-5-yl]benzene-1,3-disulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1N1[N+](C=2C=CC(I)=CC=2)=NC(C=2C(=CC(=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)=N1 JUJBNYBVVQSIOU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004685 tetrahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- QURCVMIEKCOAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-isoferulic acid Natural products COC1=CC=C(C=CC(O)=O)C=C1O QURCVMIEKCOAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N triammonium citrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001393 triammonium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011046 triammonium citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
- A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/25—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification using enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
- A23L5/276—Treatment with inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/88—Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
- A61K36/899—Poaceae or Gramineae (Grass family), e.g. bamboo, corn or sugar cane
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
- A61P39/06—Free radical scavengers or antioxidants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
- A61K2236/19—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material involving fermentation using yeast, bacteria or both; enzymatic treatment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/50—Methods involving additional extraction steps
- A61K2236/51—Concentration or drying of the extract, e.g. Lyophilisation, freeze-drying or spray-drying
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/50—Methods involving additional extraction steps
- A61K2236/53—Liquid-solid separation, e.g. centrifugation, sedimentation or crystallization
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Obesity (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Alternative & Traditional Medicine (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Communicable Diseases (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于农产品加工技术领域,为了解决目前谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维的空白,提供了一种功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维及其制备方法和应用。以谷子全谷物为原料,通过酶法提取可溶性膳食纤维;其中采用α‑高峰淀粉酶除淀粉;用碱性蛋白酶脱蛋白;用纤维素酶分解纤维素。得到的可溶性膳食纤维外观呈粉末状,具有很好的功能特性,如良好的持油力、溶解性,抗氧化性,能够吸附胆固醇、NO2 ‑。而且可以抑制肠道有害菌(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌)的增殖,促进肠道有益菌(乳酸菌)的增殖,对降低血糖血脂,预防结肠癌、心血管疾病等有一定的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农产品加工技术领域,涉及一种功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
谷子起源于我国黄河流域,是我国华北地区主要种植的农作物。谷子中含有膳食纤维、蛋白质、维生素、氨基酸等营养物质,还含有一些抗氧化性物质,包括维生素E、酚类化合物等。生物体内的氧化应激会造成衰老、慢性病(如结肠癌等)的产生,谷子可作为天然的抗氧化剂,减缓这种损伤。对于膳食纤维抗氧化活性研究中对其清除自由基作用受到了广泛关注。因为合成的抗氧化剂用于食品总会存在部分安全问题,所以抗氧化膳食纤维作为一种天然的抗氧化食品基料,能够部分取代合成抗氧化剂的作用,进而对机体产生健康效应。
与精制谷物相比,全谷物含有更加丰富的膳食纤维等成分。膳食纤维作为一类碳水化合物聚合物,它在小肠内不能被消化吸收,但可以在大肠中被肠道菌群所发酵,发挥生物活性功能。膳食纤维能降低血糖血脂,预防结肠癌、心血管疾病等多种慢性疾病,这些功能的发挥与其理化性质,如持油力、溶解性、吸附胆固醇、吸附NO2 -等密切相关。膳食纤维可分为可溶性膳食纤维和不溶性膳食纤维,其中可溶性膳食纤维的功效更加优于不溶性膳食纤维,被誉为膳食纤维中的“极品”。
我国膳食纤维原料资源丰富,种类繁多,谷物膳食纤维是其中的一个重要部分,如小麦膳食纤维、燕麦膳食纤维、大麦膳食纤维、玉米膳食纤维和米糠膳食纤维等,但目前对谷子膳食纤维的研究甚少。因此,以谷子全谷物为原料制备可溶性膳食纤维,并通过谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维的理化性质和其对肠道菌群作用的研究,不仅能够提高谷子资源的利用率,而且能够为谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维进一步开发成功能性食品或药品提供新思路。
发明内容
本发明为了解决目前谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维的空白,提供了一种功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维及其制备方法和应用。
本发明由如下技术方案实现的:一种功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维,以谷子全谷物为原料,通过酶法提取可溶性膳食纤维;其中采用α-高峰淀粉酶除淀粉;用碱性蛋白酶脱蛋白;用纤维素酶分解纤维素。
制备所述功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维的方法,步骤如下:
(1)除脂肪:谷子全谷物粉碎,过60目筛,放入索氏抽提装置,加入石油醚,30℃~60℃反复抽提3~5次除去脂肪,收集干燥的谷子全谷物;
(2)除植酸:得到的谷子全谷物中按料液比1:12加蒸馏水搅拌均匀,60℃水浴2h,浓盐酸调pH为4.5,8000 r/min离心10 min取沉淀;
(3)除淀粉、脱蛋白:将步骤(2)得到的沉淀按料液比1:12加蒸馏水搅拌均匀,95℃加热糊化0.5 h,先加入α-高峰淀粉酶0.5g/100g,浓盐酸调pH为6.5,95℃水浴0.5 h;然后再加入碱性蛋白酶2.7g/100g,2mol/L氢氧化钠调pH为10,45 ℃水浴5 h;
(4)灭酶:步骤(3)除淀粉和脱蛋白的溶液水浴锅加热升温到100℃保持10 min,然后室温自然冷却;
(5)离心:将步骤(4)的溶液4000 r/min离心20 min,上清液和沉淀分离备用;
(6)分解纤维素:步骤(5)中所得沉淀按料液比1:10加0.05mol/L柠檬酸钠缓冲液搅拌均匀,盐酸调pH为5,再加入纤维素酶0.4g/100g,然后依次50℃水浴加热3 h,沸水浴加热10 min灭酶,4000 r/min离心20 min后取上清液;柠檬酸缓冲液为柠檬酸钠的水溶液;
(7)旋蒸:将步骤(5)所得上清液和步骤(6)所得上清液合并,用旋转蒸发仪75℃~85℃除水分,直至旋蒸前后体积比为3:1;
(8)醇沉:将步骤(7)得到的溶液,按照体积比1:4加入无水乙醇,4℃静置12h得到沉淀;
(9)冷冻干燥:将步骤(8)得到的沉淀,用真空冷冻干燥机-60℃~-80℃冻干2~3天,直至彻底干燥为粉末状,即为功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维。
所述功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维的应用,所述功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维在制备抗氧化食品基料中的应用。
所述功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维在制备促进乳酸菌、抑制有害菌群食物或药物中的应用。
所述功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维在制备增加肠道益生菌、抑制肠道有害菌的功能食品或药物中的应用。
经检测,本发明所得功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维的外观呈粉末状,其持油力为4.05 g/g,溶解度为1.78 g/100mL;在pH为2.0时,功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维对胆固醇的吸附作用为16.22 μg/g,对NO2 -的吸附作用为6.97 μg/g;在pH 7.0时,功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维对胆固醇的吸附作用为26.31 μg/g,对NO2 -的吸附作用为2.77 μg/g。功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维对乳酸菌(植物乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、短双歧杆菌)有显著的促进作用,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有显著的抑制作用,且均呈现出浓度依赖性。此外功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维还具有一定的抗氧化性。
与现有技术相比,本发明避免了化学法(酸或碱)提取可溶性膳食纤维造成的损失,并且避免了酸碱造成的环境污染。选用谷子全谷物为原料,其膳食纤维丰富且避免了米糠的浪费,充分开发了谷子资源的利用率。得到的可溶性膳食纤维具有很好的功能特性,如良好的持油力、溶解性,抗氧化性,能够吸附胆固醇、NO2 -。而且可以抑制肠道有害菌(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌)的增殖,促进肠道有益菌(乳酸菌)的增殖,对降低血糖血脂,预防结肠癌、心血管疾病等有一定的作用。
附图说明
图1为谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维的制作方法流程图;
图2为谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维吸附NO2 -的折线图;
图3为谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维对肠道有害菌的抑制作用生长曲线图;图中:a为大肠杆菌的生长曲线和pH值,b为金黄色葡萄球菌的生长曲线和pH值;注:A)SDF培养基OD值; B)牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基OD值; C)SDF培养基pH;D)牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基pH;
图4为谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维对肠道有益菌的促进作用生长曲线图;图中:a为鼠李糖乳杆菌的生长曲线及pH;b为植物乳杆菌的生长曲线及pH;c为发酵乳杆菌的生长曲线及pH;d为嗜酸乳杆菌的生长曲线及pH;e为短双歧杆菌的生长曲线及pH;注: A)SDF培养基OD值; B)MRS或BBL培养基OD值;C)SDF培养基pH; D)MRS或BBL培养基pH;
图5为谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维对果蝇生长发育的影响;图中:A为对照组果蝇翅膀,B为实验组果蝇翅膀;C为对照组果蝇成虫;D为实验组果蝇成虫;
图6为谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维的核磁(NMR)结构;
图7为谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维的DPPH·清除能力折线图;
图8为谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维的还原力折线图;
图9为谷子可溶性膳食纤维的Fe2+ 螯合能力折线图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例;基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:一种功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维SDF,以谷子全谷物为原料,通过酶法提取可溶性膳食纤维;其中采用α-高峰淀粉酶除淀粉;用碱性蛋白酶脱蛋白;用纤维素酶分解纤维素。
制备功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维SDF的方法,如图1所示,具体步骤如下:
(1)除脂肪:将100g谷子全谷物用粉碎机磨碎,过60目筛,加入石油醚,用索氏抽提装置30℃~60℃反复抽提3~5次除去脂肪,直至脂肪除去,将谷子全谷物晾晒除去残留的石油醚。
(2)除植酸:向谷子全谷物中加入1200mL蒸馏水搅拌均匀,60℃水浴2h,浓盐酸调pH为4.5,8000 r/min离心10 min取沉淀;
(3)除淀粉、脱蛋白:沉淀继续加入1200mL蒸馏水搅拌均匀, 95 ℃糊化0.5 h,依次加入α-高峰淀粉酶0.5g/100g,浓盐酸调pH为6.5,95 ℃水浴0.5 h,待温度冷却后再加入碱性蛋白酶2.7g/100g,2mol/LNaOH调pH为10,45 ℃水浴5 h;
(4)灭酶:步骤(3)除淀粉和脱蛋白的溶液水浴锅升温到100℃,然后100℃保持10min,然后室温自然冷却;
(5)上述溶液4000 r/min离心20 min,保留上清液;
(6)分解纤维素:将步骤(5)的沉淀称重按料液比1:10加入0.05mol/L的柠檬酸钠缓冲液搅拌均匀,浓盐酸调pH为5,再加入纤维素酶0.4g/100g,50 ℃水浴3 h,紧接着升温到100℃,加热10 min灭酶,4000 r/min离心20 min后取上清液。柠檬酸缓冲液为柠檬酸钠的水溶液。
(7)旋蒸:将步骤(5)和(6)的上清液合并,用旋转蒸发仪75℃~85℃除去大量的水分,直至旋蒸前后的体积比约为3:1。
(8)醇沉:将步骤(7)得到的溶液,按照体积比1:4加入无水乙醇,4℃静置12h得到沉淀;
(9)冷冻干燥:将步骤(8)得到的沉淀,用真空冷冻干燥机-60℃~-80℃冻干2~3天,直至彻底干燥为粉末状。计算谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维的得率为25%。
实施例2:功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维SDF理化性质测定
1、持油力:称取一定量SDF,记录质量( m/g ),置于离心管中,加入食用油20 g,3000 r/min离心30 min,去掉上层油,用滤纸吸干游离的油,将结合了油的样品转移到表面皿上称重并计算持油力:;式中:OHC为SDF的持油力,g/g;m 1 为(样品离心后湿重-样品离心前干重),g;m为样品离心前干重,g。
2、溶解性:称取一定量SDF,记录质量( m/g ),置于100mL烧杯中,加入50 mL蒸馏水,25 ℃条件下保温30 min,离心(5 000 r/m in,10 m in),将上清液加入烧杯中,在105℃烘箱中烘干,计算得SDF的溶解性和溶解度。式中:SI为SDF的溶解性,%;m 1 为上清液干燥后固形物含量,g;m为样品处理前质量,g。式中:SN为SDF的溶解度,g/100mL;m 1 为上清液干燥后固形物含量,g;L为所取蒸馏水的体积,mL。
3、吸附亚硝酸根离子能力测定:按照GB5009.33-2016,绘制亚硝酸根离子标准曲线。
吸附效果测定:分別模拟小肠和胃环境,设置吸附环境为pH 7.0和pH 2.0,亚硝酸根离子浓度为100 μmol/L,加入一定量SDF,记录质量( m/g ),反应总体积100 mL,放置于37 ℃恒温磁力搅拌器,分別在5、15、30、60、120、180、240 min 后各取1 mL样液,测定亚硝酸根离子的浓度,同时各做空白实验。根据标准曲线计算SDF对亚硝酸根离子的吸附量。计算公式为:式中:ONC为SDF对亚硝酸根离子的吸附量,μg/g;m 1 为(吸附前亚硝酸根离子含量-吸附后亚硝酸根离子含量),μg。SDF溶于水,未加入SDF时,溶液中NO2 -含量恒定,当加入SDF时,随着时间的延长,SDF吸附了NO2 -,溶液中NO2 -含量变少,根据溶液中NO2 -含量的变化来计算SDF对其吸附量。
4、吸附胆固醇能力测定:参照 GB5009.128-2016方法,绘制胆固醇标准曲线。
吸附效果测定:取市售鲜鸡蛋的蛋黄,用9倍体积的蒸馏水充分搅拌成乳液,并测定吸附前蛋黄液中的胆固醇量。称取一定量SDF,记录质量( m/g ),置于250 mL的锥形瓶中,加入50 g稀释蛋黄液搅拌均匀,分別模拟小肠和胃环境设置pH为7.0和2.0,置37 ℃摇床中振荡培养2 h,4000 r/min离心20 min,取0.04 mL上清液,采用硫酸铁铵法测定OD560,代入标准曲线,计算吸附后胆固醇量。计算公式为:式中:OMC为SDF对胆固醇的吸附量,μg/g;m 1 为(吸附前蛋黄液中胆固醇量-吸附后上层清液中胆固醇量),μg。
5、谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维对有益菌和有害菌生长曲线以及pH的影响测定:
在添加了终浓度为20mg/mL谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维的MRS培养基、BBL培养基和牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基中分别接种有益菌(乳酸菌)和有害菌(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌),每隔一定时间取样,测定600 nm 处的光密度值(OD600)和液体培养基的pH,绘制曲线。
其中:MRS培养基配方(每升):蛋白胨 10g,牛肉膏粉 8g,母膏粉 4g,葡萄糖 20g,磷酸氢二钾(无水) 2g,柠檬酸三氨(无水) 2g,乙酸钠(含三水) 5g,硫酸镁(含七水)0.2g,硫酸锰(含四水)0.05g,吐温80 1g,最终pH 5.7±0.2,蒸馏水1000mL,121℃,15min灭菌。相应的固体培养基配法在上述液体培养基的基础上加入琼脂 18g。
BBL培养基配方(每升):蛋白胨 15.0g,葡萄糖 20.0g,酵母浸粉 2.0g,可溶性淀粉 0.5g,氯化钠 5.0g,L-半胱氨酸 0.5g,番茄浸粉 5.0g,肝浸粉 2.0 g,吐温80 1.0g,pH值7.0 ± 0.1,蒸馏水1000mL,121℃,15min灭菌;相应的固体培养基配法在上述液体培养基的基础上加入琼脂 20g。
牛肉膏蛋白胨液体培养基配方(每升):牛肉膏 3g,蛋白胨 10g,NaCl 5g,pH7.4—7.6,蒸馏水1000mL,121℃,20min灭菌。相应的固体培养基配法在上述液体培养基的基础上加入琼脂 15-20g。
所使用的菌种信息如下:
植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus) 为常规市售菌种;
鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)、菌种编号BNCC 134266;嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)、菌种编号BNCC 133035;发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum)、菌种编号BNCC 194390;短双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium breve)、菌种编号BNCC185972;北京北纳创联生物技术研究院(BNCC)。
6、果蝇繁殖力实验
制作水晶葡萄汁收集盘,具体方法如下:用电子天平分别称量14g琼脂和22g蔗糖置于搪瓷缸中,之后溶于300mL的蒸馏水中,摇晃均匀;加热搅拌约5min,充分溶解蔗糖和琼脂;待溶液逐渐冷却后加入l0mL乙醇和5mL冰醋酸;最后加入100mL水晶葡萄汁,再加热并用玻璃棒充分搅拌至溶液透明清澈;静置使其冷却至不烫手时再将溶液倒入圆形的培养皿中,用塑封膜封存冻于4℃备用。待用时融化均匀后倒在用大小适中的培养皿中,等其凝固后再在中央涂一小块浓的酵母糊,在浓酵母糊的中央滴上一滴10%的醋酸,并将移液枪头灭菌后在收集盘中画十字,以便观测和统计雌果蝇的产卵量。
收集8h内羽化的雌雄果蝇,每组各5雄10雌分别放入对照组培养基和实验组培养基中,要使得雌果蝇达到产卵高峰期,所以饲养48h后要将亲本雌雄果蝇转入空的一次性塑料杯中,并在其底部剪一个缺口,用纱布封住缺口以便透气,同时防止果蝇飞出。之后,用制作好的收集盘将塑料杯口封住。先让雌果蝇在葡萄汁收集盘中产卵两个小时,等雌果蝇适应之后再换用新的收集盘,此时开始对雌果蝇的产卵数开始统计。待雌果蝇产卵约6h后取下换用后的收集盘,在显微镜下观察并记下雌果蝇的产卵数量。
7、果蝇生长发育实验
具体方法为:收集对照组培养基和实验组培养基中的10日龄的雄性果蝇成虫,在冰箱中-20℃冰冻处理1h,之后在解剖镜下分离出果蝇的翅膀,并在互动显微镜下进行拍照。之后用Image J软件计算果蝇成虫的平均翅面积。
(1)果蝇培养基配制:对照组培养基即玉米粉-酵母培养基:采用遗传学实验教程上的配方。具体方法如下:用电子分析天平分别称取蔗糖12.4g,琼脂 1.5g,之后加入量取好的蒸馏水用电磁炉加热煮沸溶解配制成A液,接着称取16.5g玉米粉加入量取好的蒸馏水中用电磁炉加热搅拌均匀后,再加入酵母粉1.4g配制成B液;最后将A液和B液混合并在电磁炉上加热,在加热过程中需要不断搅拌,直到煮沸后,冷却至60℃左右再向培养基中加入1mL丙酸,并搅拌使其混匀成糊状。培养基凝固前迅速分装到锥形瓶中,灭菌并加盖棉塞,待其冷却凝固后再置于4℃冷藏备用。
实验组培养基即添加66 g/L谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维SDF的玉米粉-酵母培养基:功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维SDF 66 g/L,玉米粉 108.6 g/L,酵母粉9.2 g/L,蔗糖81.6 g/L,琼脂9.9 g/L,丙酸 6.6 ml/L。制作方法同对照组。
(2)果蝇的喂养及分组:将试验中的雌雄果蝇分组饲养,每组15只,分别用不含谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维的对照组培养基和添加谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维的实验组培养基进行喂养,每组重复3次。
8、核磁分析(NMR):使用核磁共振光谱仪,测定一维核磁1H-NMR、13C-NMR和二维核磁COSY、HSQC、HMBC、NOESY,推测其结构。
9、结果与结论:
(1)本发明中谷子SDF理化性质的测定结果见表1。由表1可知,谷子SDF的持油力为4.05 ± 0.06 g/g,谷子SDF在25 ℃的溶解度为1.78 ± 0.01 g/100 mL,溶解性为88.93± 0.55 %。在模拟胃液环境时(pH 2.0),谷子SDF对胆固醇的吸附量为16. 22 ± 0.77 μg/g,而在模拟肠道环境下(pH 7.0),谷子SDF对胆固醇的吸附量为26. 31 ± 1.16 μg/g,且在中性条件下谷子SDF对胆固醇的吸附能力优于酸性条件。可见本发明所制备的谷子SDF持油力和溶解性较好,并且能够吸附胆固醇,可用于制作益于减肥的功能性食品或作为人体补充膳食纤维的饮品添加剂。
表1 SDF理化性质的测定
谷子SDF对亚硝酸根离子吸附含量如附图2所示,由图2可知在模拟胃液环境时(pH2.0),谷子SDF对亚硝酸根离子的吸附作用优于模拟肠道环境下(pH 7.0)的吸附作用。在pH2.0时,谷子SDF在60 min之前对亚硝酸根离子的吸附能力呈现上升趋势,在60 min之后趋于平缓,酸性条件下谷子SDF对亚硝酸根离子的吸附量与吸附时间呈极显著的正相关性(R= 0.887)(P <0.01)。在pH 7.0时,谷子SDF在30 min之前对于亚硝酸根离子的吸附能力呈现上升趋势,在30 min之后呈现下降趋势并趋于平缓,中性条件下谷子SDF对亚硝酸根离子的吸附量与吸附时间总体呈一定的负相关性(R=-0.338)。
以上结果提示我们SDF对亚硝酸根离子的吸附主要在胃中进行,这可能是因为SDF结构复杂,其中的多糖可以与酚酸作用组成复合物。酚酸在胃部酸性环境下,可与亚硝酸根离子发生反应而阻断致癌物N-硝基化合物。但进入小肠后,由于pH值升高,含羧基化合物(糖醛酸、阿魏酸等)上的羧基解离,增大了膳食纤维表面的负电荷密度,从而排斥亚硝酸根离子,使之释放出来而发生了解吸。故可以认为SDF在正常胃液条件下对癌症有一定的预防作用。
(2)大量研究已经发现膳食纤维能够重塑肠道菌群(即通过促进肠道有益菌(如乳酸菌、双歧杆菌等)的生长、抑制肠道有害菌(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等)的生长)进而抑制结肠癌等疾病的发生与发展。因此选用以下菌种(鼠李糖乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、短双歧杆菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌)进行实验。
图3表示接种大肠杆菌(a)和金黄色葡萄球菌(b)后,在相同培养时间下添加了SDF的牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基的OD600值比未添加SDF的牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基的OD600值低,说明SDF能够抑制两种肠道有害菌的生长。从pH值与培养时间的关系曲线发现,大肠杆菌(a)和金黄色葡萄球菌(b)在未添加SDF的牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基中的pH值随着培养时间的延长先上升后趋于平稳,而在添加了SDF的牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基中的pH值随着培养时间的延长降低后趋于平稳。可能是因为未添加SDF的牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基中,随着培养时间的延长,大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的数量逐渐增多,碳源和氮源都基本消耗殆尽,在菌株培养的稳定期产生了一些碱性物质,但是pH依然没有超过7.0,而培养基添加SDF后,在菌株培养的稳定期后,SDF逐渐被发酵产生一些短链脂肪酸,从而降低培养液中的pH,进而达到抑制大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的作用。
图4表示接种鼠李糖乳杆菌(a)、植物乳杆菌(b)、发酵乳杆菌(c)、嗜酸乳杆菌(d)和短双歧杆菌(e)后,随着培养时间的延长,五株菌的OD600值均先升高后趋于平稳,且在相同时间下添加了SDF的培养基的OD600值比未添加SDF的培养基的OD600值要高,表明添加SDF后能够显著促进5株肠道益生菌的生长。从pH值与培养时间的关系曲线发现,随着培养时间的延长,pH值均随菌体浓度的增加而呈现出先下降后趋于平稳的趋势,并且在相同培养时间下添加了SDF的培养基的pH值比未添加SDF的培养基的pH值略低。这可能是因为SDF作为碳源被肠道菌群利用发酵后会被分解成为短链脂肪酸(乙酸、丁酸等),随着培养时间的增长,菌体产生的酸不断增加,因此培养液的pH也随之下降,随着菌体生长趋于稳定期后,碳源基本被消耗,pH也趋于稳定。这提示我们低pH环境可能有益于肠道益生菌的生长。
(3)将8h内羽化的雌雄果蝇按照每组5雄10雌,分别放入对照组培养基和实验组培养基中,饲养48h后,观察谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维对雌果蝇产卵量的影响可以反映谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维对果蝇繁殖力的影响。结果如表2所示,不含谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维的对照组果蝇的产卵量是153.33±2.52粒,添加谷子可溶性膳食纤维的实验组果蝇的产卵量是156.67±2.52粒。
表2 谷子可溶性膳食纤维对果蝇产卵量的影响
(4)谷子可溶性膳食纤维对果蝇生长发育的影响
果蝇的平均翅面积是衡量果蝇生长发育情况的一项重要指标。通过比较谷子可溶性膳食纤维对果蝇平均翅面积的影响可以反映果蝇的生长发育情况。结果如表3所示。
表3 谷子可溶性膳食纤维对果蝇平均翅面积的影响
由表3可得,对照组中果蝇的平均翅面积为90.62±0.95μm2,添加谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维的实验组培养基喂养的果蝇的平均翅面积为123.09±5.92μm2,结果表明与对照组相比,实验组果蝇的平均翅面积增加了32.47μm2,且差异显著(P<0.05),这表示谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维可以明显促进果蝇的生长发育。此外,由附图5可知,与对照组相比,添加谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维的实验组喂养的果蝇其体长也有所增加,体型也更加饱满。
(8)综合多糖样品单糖组成、甲基化结果以及一维和二维核磁信息分析,推断出的多糖样品初步结构是一种以→4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→为主链的葡聚糖,α-D-Glcp-(1→连接6位上,并含有两种还原性端基,其可能结构模型如附图6所示。
综上所述,谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维在体外实验中具有良好的功能特性(持油力、溶解性、吸附胆固醇及NO2 -能力),并且能够在果蝇生长发育中发挥了重要作用。凭借其良好的溶解性及抑制有害菌生长等特性,可将谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维应用于促进益生菌、抑制有害菌群食物或药物中。
实施例3:功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维SDF的抗氧化性测定
1、DPPH·清除能力的测定:在2 mL不同浓度的SDF中加入2 mL DPPH溶液(0.2mmol/L),摇匀,静置30 min,对照用乙醇代替样品,空白管为样品加70%的乙醇(即DPPH的溶剂),测定OD517 值。DPPH·清除能力=[1-(A1-A2 )/A0 ]×100;式中,A0 为对照吸光度值,A1 为样品吸光度值,A2 为空白吸光度值。
2、还原力的测定:在1 mL不同浓度的样液中分别依次加入2.5 mL磷酸缓冲液(50mmol/L,pH7.0)和2.5 mL铁氰化钾溶液(1%),50 ℃保温20 min,然后迅速冷却,加入2.5 mL三氯乙酸溶液(10%),离心,取上清液。1.25 mL上清液中依次加入1.25 mL蒸馏水和 0.25mL 氯化铁溶液(0.1%),混合均匀,静置10 min,700 nm处测OD值,OD值越大,表示还原力越强。
3、Fe2+ 螯合能力的测定:在1.6 mL不同浓度的样液中分别依次加入1.6 mL 蒸馏水、0.4 mL氯化亚铁(0.5 mmol / L)、0.4 mL Ferrozine(0.5 mmol/L),然后剧烈摇动1min,室温放置20 min后,562 nm处测OD值。空白管(A 0)用蒸馏水代替样液。Fe2+螯合能力=[(A0-A1)/A0 ]×100%;式中,A 1 为样品吸光度值,A 0 为空白吸光度值。
4、果蝇实验进一步验证谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维SDF的抗氧化性
(1) 组织匀浆的制备:分别收集对照组培养基和实验组培养基中的10日龄雄果蝇,首先在生理盐水中进行漂洗,并用滤纸吸干水分,之后在电子天平上称重取50mg,放入1.5mL的离心管中,再加入0.5mL冷生理盐水并用组织匀浆机匀浆,在冰浴中以3000 r/min离心10min。最后分别取上清液用于MDA含量的测定和SOD活性的测定。
(2)果蝇MDA含量的测定:通过测定组织匀浆中MDA的含量可以评价果蝇组织脂质过氧化水平和细胞膜受损程度。测定方法按照该试剂盒中的MDA测试盒说明书进行操作,测定结果以每mL果蝇组织匀浆所含MDA nmol表示(nmol/mL)。
(3) 果蝇SOD活性的测定:果蝇体内抗氧化酶系的活性可以通过检测组织匀浆的SOD活力来进行评价。测定方法按照该试剂盒所附赠的说明书进行操作,测定结果以果蝇每mL组织匀浆的SOD活力单位数表示(U/mL)。
黑腹果蝇(由太原师范学院生物系遗传学实验室提供),果蝇培养基及饲喂分组情况同实施例2;丙二醛(MDA)测试盒购自南京建成生物研究所,货号A003-1-1,生产批号20210313;SOD试剂盒(WST-1法),货号A001-3-1,生产批号20210315,购自南京建成生物研究所
5、结果与结论
(1)Vc作为强氧化剂,能够作为阳性对照。通过比较EC50值的大小可以看出抗氧化性的强弱,EC50值越小,抗氧化性越强。表4可看出谷子可溶性膳食纤维的抗氧化性虽然弱于强氧化剂Vc,但由图7、8、9可知随着谷子可溶性膳食纤维的浓度增加,其DPPH·清除能力、还原力、Fe2+螯合能力逐渐增强,表明谷子可溶性膳食纤维具有一定的抗氧化性。
表4:谷子SDF抗氧化指标的EC50值
(2)丙二醛(MDA)是生物体内脂质过氧化反应的标志物和膜脂过氧化的产物之一。由于生物体内的氧化应激会使细胞膜脂质体发生过氧化反应,反应过程中产生的自由基会损伤细胞膜。因此,通过测定生物体内丙二醛(MDA)的含量可以反映该生物体细胞的过氧化程度和膜系统的受损程度,从而间接反映了生物体的抗氧化能力。谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维对果蝇体内的MDA含量的影响如表5所示。对照组中果蝇体内的MDA含量为3.55±0.03nmol/mL,添加谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维喂养的实验组果蝇体内的MDA含量为3.23±0.08nmol/mL,结果表明与对照组相比,实验组果蝇体内的MDA含量降低了0.32nmol/mL,且差异显著(P<0.05),说明谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维可以显著降低果蝇体内的丙二醛(MDA)含量,减少果蝇体内细胞的过氧化程度和膜系统的受损程度。
表5:谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维对果蝇MDA含量的影响
(3)生物体内的丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性是衡量生物体抗氧化能力的两项重要指标。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)能够有效清除生物体内产生的自由基,特异性地加速体内的超氧化物转化为过氧化氢并最终转化为水,阻断自由基连锁反应,提高生物体的抗氧化能力。因此,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)在保护机体免受氧化损伤方面具有重要作用。生物体内超氧化物歧化酶活性的下降表示其抗自由基毒性能力的下降,即生物体抗氧化能力的下降。因此可以通过检测果蝇体内的SOD活性来评价其抗氧化能力,实验结果如表6所示。对照组培养基饲养的果蝇其体内的SOD活性为353.11±20.55U/mL,实验组果蝇体内的SOD活性为469.65±21.59U/mL,结果表明与对照组相比,实验组果蝇体内的SOD活性增加了116.54U/mL,且差异显著(P<0.05),说明谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维可以显著提高果蝇体内的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,提高果蝇的抗氧化能力。
表6:谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维对果蝇SOD活性的影响
综上,谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维在体外能够清除自由基等,具有一定的抗氧化性,同时在模式生物果蝇中有促进其生长发育、增强机体抗氧化能力等显著功效。这些结果表明谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维能够用于抗氧化食品基料。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维,其特征在于:以谷子全谷物为原料,通过酶法提取可溶性膳食纤维;其中采用α-高峰淀粉酶除淀粉;用碱性蛋白酶脱蛋白;用纤维素酶分解纤维素。
2.制备权利要求1所述功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维的方法,其特征在于:步骤如下:
(1)除脂肪:谷子全谷物粉碎,过60目筛,入索氏抽提装置,加入石油醚,30℃~60℃反复抽提3~5次除去脂肪,收集干燥的谷子全谷物;
(2)除植酸:得到的谷子全谷物中按料液比1:12加蒸馏水搅拌均匀,60℃水浴2h,浓盐酸调pH为4.5,8000 r/min离心10 min取沉淀;
(3)除淀粉、脱蛋白:将步骤(2)得到的沉淀按料液比1:12加蒸馏水搅拌均匀,95 ℃加热糊化0.5 h,先加入α-高峰淀粉酶0.5g/100g,浓盐酸调pH为6.5,95℃水浴0.5 h;然后再加入碱性蛋白酶2.7g/100g,2mol/LNaOH调pH为10,45 ℃水浴5 h;
(4)灭酶:步骤(3)除淀粉和脱蛋白的溶液水浴锅升温到100℃保持10 min,然后室温自然冷却;
(5)离心:将步骤(4)的溶液4000 r/min离心20 min,上清液和沉淀分离备用;
(6)分解纤维素:步骤(5)中所得沉淀按料液比1:10加0.05mol/L柠檬酸钠缓冲液搅拌均匀,浓盐酸调pH为5,再加入纤维素酶0.4g/100g,然后依次50℃水浴加热3 h,沸水浴加热10 min灭酶,4000 r/min离心20 min后取上清液;柠檬酸缓冲液为柠檬酸钠的水溶液;
(7)旋蒸:将步骤(5)所得上清液和步骤(6)所得上清液合并,用旋转蒸发仪75℃~85℃除水分, 旋蒸前后的体积比为3:1;
(8)醇沉:将步骤(7)得到的溶液,按照体积比1:4加入无水乙醇,4℃静置12h得到沉淀;
(9)冷冻干燥:将步骤(8)得到的沉淀,用真空冷冻干燥机-60℃~-80℃冻干2~3天,直至彻底干燥为粉末状,即为功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维。
3.权利要求1所述功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维的应用,所述功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维在制备抗氧化食品基料中的应用。
4.权利要求1所述功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维的应用,所述功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维在制备促进乳酸菌、抑制有害菌群食物或药物中的应用。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于:所述功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维在制备增加肠道益生菌、抑制肠道有害菌的功能食品或药物中的应用。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202111159429.1A CN113854577A (zh) | 2021-09-30 | 2021-09-30 | 一种功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维及其制备方法和应用 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202111159429.1A CN113854577A (zh) | 2021-09-30 | 2021-09-30 | 一种功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维及其制备方法和应用 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN113854577A true CN113854577A (zh) | 2021-12-31 |
Family
ID=79001062
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202111159429.1A Pending CN113854577A (zh) | 2021-09-30 | 2021-09-30 | 一种功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维及其制备方法和应用 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN113854577A (zh) |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4137339A (en) * | 1977-01-25 | 1979-01-30 | Asahimatsu Koridofu Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of preparing processed food material from soybean |
WO2012076054A1 (en) * | 2010-12-08 | 2012-06-14 | Nestec S.A. | Food product comprising hydrolyzed whole grain |
CN103976369A (zh) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-08-13 | 浙江恒乐粮食有限公司 | 一种高活性米糠膳食纤维的生产方法 |
CN106538944A (zh) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-03-29 | 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | 高可溶性膳食纤维全谷物速食冲调粉的加工工艺 |
CN108813641A (zh) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-11-16 | 东北农业大学 | 一种米糠膳食纤维纳米粉的制备方法 |
CN109007860A (zh) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-12-18 | 中南林业科技大学 | 一种提高米糠可溶性膳食纤维抗氧化性的方法 |
CN112690463A (zh) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-23 | 吉林农业大学 | 一种猴头菇膳食纤维、制备方法及其应用 |
-
2021
- 2021-09-30 CN CN202111159429.1A patent/CN113854577A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4137339A (en) * | 1977-01-25 | 1979-01-30 | Asahimatsu Koridofu Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of preparing processed food material from soybean |
WO2012076054A1 (en) * | 2010-12-08 | 2012-06-14 | Nestec S.A. | Food product comprising hydrolyzed whole grain |
CN103976369A (zh) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-08-13 | 浙江恒乐粮食有限公司 | 一种高活性米糠膳食纤维的生产方法 |
CN106538944A (zh) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-03-29 | 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | 高可溶性膳食纤维全谷物速食冲调粉的加工工艺 |
CN108813641A (zh) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-11-16 | 东北农业大学 | 一种米糠膳食纤维纳米粉的制备方法 |
CN109007860A (zh) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-12-18 | 中南林业科技大学 | 一种提高米糠可溶性膳食纤维抗氧化性的方法 |
CN112690463A (zh) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-23 | 吉林农业大学 | 一种猴头菇膳食纤维、制备方法及其应用 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
朱玉;郭利娜;楚佳希;吕凤霞;陆兆新;别小妹;张充;赵海珍;: "酶法改性对小米糠膳食纤维体外胆固醇吸附活性的影响", 食品科学, no. 19, pages 211 * |
钱海峰等: ""纤维素酶对米糠可溶性膳食纤维含量及抗氧化性的影响"", 《食品工业科技》, pages 112 - 120 * |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN104509864B (zh) | 一种具有改善胃肠功能的营养保健食品及其制备方法 | |
CN111436203A (zh) | 一株发酵植物乳杆菌及其用途 | |
KR101680014B1 (ko) | 김치로부터 분리한 염증성 장 질환 치료 효과를 갖는 유산균 | |
Jiménez-Escrig et al. | Antioxidant and prebiotic effects of dietary fiber co-travelers from sugar Kombu in healthy rats | |
CN107279286A (zh) | 一种促进伤口愈合酸奶的制备方法 | |
KR101133208B1 (ko) | 식물성 유산균을 이용한 장개선과 변비개선효과를 나타내는 기능성 대두 발효조성물 제조방법 | |
CN113403233B (zh) | 多功能凝结芽孢杆菌在益生菌坚果制作中的应用 | |
Anyiam et al. | Traditional fermented foods in Nigeria and Covid-19: a possible approach for boosting immune system | |
CN111961623B (zh) | 一种复方乳酸菌制剂及其应用、复方脱霉剂及其应用 | |
KR102178556B1 (ko) | 마늘껍질 추출물을 포함하는 장내균총 개선용 프리바이오틱스 조성물 및 이를 포함하는 기능성 식품 | |
CN113854577A (zh) | 一种功能性谷子全谷物可溶性膳食纤维及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN114921383B (zh) | 一种具有清除胆固醇功能的益生菌制剂及其制备方法 | |
CN116064285B (zh) | 降血糖鼠李糖乳杆菌zjuids07及其应用 | |
KR100732582B1 (ko) | 클로렐라 발효 식품의 제조 방법 | |
KR20130048505A (ko) | 동물성 단백질의 발효기술을 이용한 쌀라면 제조방법 | |
CN105661399A (zh) | 一种蓝莓复合粉及其制备方法 | |
Huang et al. | The effect of Lactobacillus fermentum DALI02 in reducing the oxidative stress and inflammatory response induced by high-fat diet of rats | |
KR20090129277A (ko) | 김밥용 녹차 김 및 그 제조방법 | |
CN105661247A (zh) | 一种葡萄复合粉及其制备方法 | |
CN105831772A (zh) | 一种含益生菌的葡萄复合粉及其制备方法 | |
KR101418309B1 (ko) | 배 유과를 이용한 건강기능성 식품조성물 | |
CN105831644A (zh) | 一种抗疲劳蓝莓复合粉及其制备方法 | |
KR20200112147A (ko) | 바나나껍질 추출물을 포함하는 장내균총 개선용 프리바이오틱스 조성물 및 이를 포함하는 기능성 식품 | |
TWI820878B (zh) | 以杏鮑菇腳製造機能性鵝飼料添加劑的方法 | |
KR102497862B1 (ko) | 천연 발효종의 제조방법 및 이에 따라 제조된 천연 발효종 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |