CN113853422B - 不含硼酸酯的低粘度功能流体组合物 - Google Patents

不含硼酸酯的低粘度功能流体组合物 Download PDF

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CN113853422B
CN113853422B CN202080005951.1A CN202080005951A CN113853422B CN 113853422 B CN113853422 B CN 113853422B CN 202080005951 A CN202080005951 A CN 202080005951A CN 113853422 B CN113853422 B CN 113853422B
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functional fluid
formula
fluid
total
component
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CN113853422A (zh
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F·赫费尔曼
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Clariant International Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种功能流体，其包含：(A)50‑85wt％，优选60‑82wt％的根据式(I)的烷氧基二醇CH3‑O‑(CH2‑CH2‑O)n‑H(I)其中n是2‑5的数，条件是在至少30wt％的全部根据式(I)的化合物中，n是3，和(B)1‑20wt％，优选1.5‑10wt％的根据式(II)的烷氧基二醇R1‑O‑(CH2‑CH2‑O)m‑H(II)其中：R1是C2‑C8烷基残基，m是2‑6的数，条件是在至少65wt％的全部根据式(II)的化合物中，m是3，和(C)6‑35wt％，优选10‑25wt％的至少一种根据式(III)的化合物H‑O‑(CH2‑CH2‑O)k‑H(III)其中k是2或者更大的数，条件是在至少80wt％的全部根据式(III)的化合物中，k是2或者3，(D)至少一种添加剂，其选自腐蚀抑制剂、胺、稳定剂、消泡剂和润滑剂，所述流体包含至多3wt％的硼酸与二醇或者烷基聚二醇化合物的酯。

Description

不含硼酸酯的低粘度功能流体组合物
本发明涉及一种低粘度功能流体组合物，其包含烷基聚二醇、聚二醇和添加剂的混合物，所述流体具有低含量的二醇或者烷基聚二醇的硼酸酯。所述流体表现出低温运动粘度小于800厘斯，其是在-40℃测定的，表现出平衡回流沸点(ERBP)是至少250℃和湿平衡回流沸点(WERBP)是至少160℃，其是根据美国联邦机动车安全标准(FMVSS)No 116中所述的方法测定的。
根据本发明的低粘度功能流体组合物可用于多种应用，特别是用作制动液，特别是用于新的电子或者自动化的防锁刹车系统，其需要更低粘度的流体来满足低温运行。
基于硼酸酯的功能流体组合物是本领域公知的。为了可以用作例如DOT 4或者DOT5.1制动液，这些基于硼酸酯的组合物必须满足苛刻的物理性能和表现要求，特别是涉及最小干平衡回流沸点(“ERBP”)，最小湿平衡回流沸点(“WERBP”)和最大低温运动粘度(例如在-40℃测定)的要求，同时保持对于温度足够的耐受性、稳定性和满足其它物理性能要求例如pH，储备碱度，腐蚀保护和橡胶溶胀。
虽然硼酸酯在满足根据美国联邦机动车安全标准(FMVSS)No 116的DOT 4和DOT5.1标准方面是有利的，特别是非常高的湿沸点(WERBP)，但是含有硼酸酯的制动液与两个问题有关。美国联邦机动车安全标准(FMVSS)No 116指的是10-1-2016版本中的49 CFR§571.116，并且在本申请文件中将称作FMVSS。
1.)已知的是硼酸是一种CMR化合物(生殖毒性第1类)。所以，它的酯被怀疑具有类似的健康威胁(目前分类为生殖毒性第2类)和所以在制动液存储、处置和填充过程中是潜在危险的。
2.)制动液中的硼含量是与凝胶形成或者沉淀的某些风险相关的，其归因于无机属性的硼盐的盐形成，特别是制动液老化时更是如此。结果，颗粒会出现在制动液中，并且限制了它在关键情形中的表现。
WO-00/65001描述了液压流体，其包含烷氧基二醇硼酸酯，烷氧基二醇和腐蚀抑制剂，此外含有环羧酸衍生物。
WO-02/38711描述了低粘度功能流体组合物，其包含烷氧基二醇硼酸酯，烷氧基二醇组分和添加剂例如腐蚀抑制剂，其中所述烷氧基二醇硼酸酯和烷氧基二醇的烷氧化度被限制到某些窄的模式中。
US-4371448A教导了一种液压流体，其形式上满足DOT 5规格。这种液压流体基本上由以下组成：(A)大约20-40重量％的至少一种硼酸酯，其获自原硼酸，二甘醇和乙二醇单烷基醚；(B)30-60重量％的至少一种乙二醇单烷基醚；(C)10-40重量％的至少一种双-(乙二醇单烷基醚)-甲醛；(D)0.1-5重量％的至少一种烷基胺；和(E)0.05-5重量％的至少一种稳定剂和/或抑制剂；所述重量百分比在每种情况中是相对于液压流体的总重量。
EP-0750033A1教导了一种液压流体组合物，特别是制动液组合物，其基于二醇醚的硼酸酯，并且包含腐蚀抑制体系，其包括：(1)至少一种成分(A)，其选自脂肪胺或者一种或多种羧酸与所述胺的盐，和(2)至少一种成分(B)，其选自由一种或多种脂肪羧酸与聚氧亚烷基二醇反应形成的产物，或者选自脂肪羧酸与聚氧亚烷基二醇的一种或多种酯的酯交换反应的产物。
EP-0617116A1教导了一种液压流体组合物，其具有高沸点，特别是高的平衡回流沸点和低粘度。该组合物包含作为添加剂的至少一种醚胺，其分子量是120-300，并且具有式：
Figure BDA0003046655250000021
其中：
R3是线性或者支化的基团，其具有至少一种醚官能团和没有醇官能团，
R是甲基或者氢原子，
p是整数1-3和
q是整数0-2。
WO-2012/003117A1公开了一种功能流体组合物，其包含：
(i)占该功能流体组合物的大约38-47重量％量的烷氧基二醇混合物，其中该烷氧基二醇混合物包含下式的烷氧基二醇：
Figure BDA0003046655250000031
具有重复单元：
Figure BDA0003046655250000032
其中：
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5每个是氢(H)或者含有1-8或者更多个碳原子的烷基或者其混合物，其中所述混合物具有：占所述混合物的大约36-大约73重量％量的第一烷氧基二醇组分(其中n＝3)，占所述混合物的17-大约43重量％量的第二烷氧基二醇组分(其中n＝4)，和占所述混合物的大约2-大约10重量％量的第三烷氧基二醇组分(其中n大于或者等于5)，和
(ii)占该功能流体组合物的大约53-62重量％量的二醇硼酸酯。
DE-2253888教导了一种液压流体，其包含(a)45-60份四甘醇或者40-60份的四甘醇和至少一种式(I)的二醇的混合物：H-(OCH2CHX)y-OH，其中X是H或者Me；y>＝2，条件是当X＝Me时，(I)的存在量是0.5-5.0wt％；和(b)60-20重量份的稀释剂，其选自(i)至少一种式(II)的化合物：H-(OCH2CHX)3-OR(其中R是低级烷基)，(ii)至少一种式(II)的化合物和至少一种式(III)的化合物的混合物：H-(OCH2CH2)2-OR1(其中R1是低级烷基)，和(iii)化合物(III)，其中R1＝Bu，其作为液压制动液、自动传动液和用于不同的其它用途的液压流体。所述液压流体具有对湿气降低的敏感性，它们在湿态的最小沸点是155℃。
DE3627432教导了一种基于二醇和二醇醚的制动液，其基本上由以下组成：A)基于该制动液总重量为30-80重量％的二醇组分，其由a)0-80重量％二甘醇和/或二丙二醇和b)20-100重量％的三甘醇，三丙二醇，四甘醇和/或四丙二醇组成，重量百分比基于这些二醇的混合物，B)基于该制动液总重量为20-70重量％的二醇醚组分，其是由a)10-100重量％的至少一种下式的二醇二烷基醚：R-(OAlk1)x-OR1(其中R和R1是具有1-4个碳原子的烷基，Alk1是亚乙基或者亚丙基和x是整数3-6)和b)0-90wt％的至少一种下式的二醇单烷基醚：R2-(OAlk2)y-OH(其中R2是具有1-4个碳原子的烷基，Alk2是亚乙基或者亚丙基和y是整数2-4)组成，重量百分比基于这些二醇醚的混合物，和C)基于该制动液总重量为0-5重量％的至少一种抑制剂，用于基于二醇和二醇醚的流体，条件是所述制动液包括至少14重量％的二醇组分b)，重量百分比基于制动液的总重量。
强烈地需要改进的高性能液压流体组合物和制动液，其具有低温粘度，而同时满足或者超过最小ERBP和特别是WERBP温度要求，如常用的液压流体组合物和制动液所满足的。
无硼酸酯的制动液的例子是文献中描述的：
1.)DOT3/第3类流体，其通常是较低ERBP，较低WERBP和在-40℃时较高粘度)，根据FMVSS。
2.)DE-3627432C2(Hoechst)和US2006/0264337(BASF)公开了基于二甘醇/三甘醇和二丙二醇的制动液，其刚好满足了DOT 4和ISO 4925第4类标准的最小要求。
3.)WO-2007/005593A2(DOW)描述了含有0-10wt％的硼酸酯的制动液组合物，和较大量的丁氧基-二醇，主要是丁氧基-三甘醇(triglycol)的用途。
这些发展允许高ERBP，但是遭受了仍然过高的-40℃粘度和低WERBP。本发明要解决的问题是提供一种具有下述性能和基本上或者完全没有硼酸酯的液压流体。
Figure BDA0003046655250000051
但是，满足这些标准的无硼酸酯组合物不是已知的。
根据本发明，已经发现一种功能流体组合物，其表现出优异的ERBP和WERBP和低温运动粘度值，同时保持了优异的抗腐蚀性、高的稳定性和满足其它物理性能要求例如pH，储备碱度和橡胶溶胀。特别是实现了非常高的WERBP值。
在第一方面，本发明涉及功能流体，其包含：
(A)50-85wt％，优选60-82wt％的根据式(I)的烷氧基二醇
CH3-O-(CH2-CH2-O)n-H(I)
其中n是2-5的数，条件是在至少30wt％的全部根据式(I)的化合物中，n是3，和
(B)1-15wt％，优选1.5-10wt％的根据式(II)的烷氧基二醇
R1-O-(CH2-CH2-O)m-H(II)
其中：
R1是C2-C8烷基残基，
m是2-6的数，
条件是在至少65wt％的全部根据式(II)的化合物中，m是3，和
(C)6-35wt％，优选10-25wt％的至少一种根据式(III)的化合物
H-O-(CH2-CH2-O)k-H(III)
其中k是2或者更大的数，条件是在至少80wt％的全部根据式(III)的化合物中，k是2或者3，
(D)至少一种添加剂，其选自腐蚀抑制剂、胺、稳定剂、消泡剂和润滑剂，
所述流体包含至多3wt％的硼酸与二醇或者聚二醇化合物的酯。
在第二方面，本发明提供第一方面的功能流体用作车辆刹车的制动液的用途。
在第三方面，本发明提供一种运行车辆刹车的方法，其通过液压系统来传输制动力，该方法包括用根据第一方面的功能流体填充所述液压系统。
所述功能流体在下面可以称作“流体”。
根据本发明的功能流体的组分(A)是根据式(I)的甲基封端的聚二醇。合适的根据式(I)的化合物包含2，3，4或者5个乙氧基单元。可以存在具有高于5个乙氧基单元，即6个或更多个乙氧基单元的化合物，但是应当限制到含量至多是3wt％，相对于全部根据式(I)的化合物的总重量。
所述流体中全部根据式(I)的化合物的总量是50-85wt％，相对于所述流体的重量，优选60-82wt％，更优选65-81wt％，例如优选68-80wt％。任何式(I)组分(n＝2)的相对量优选不大于2.5wt％。任何式(I)组分(n＝3)的相对量是至少30wt％，优选50-90wt％。任何式(I)组分(n＝4和5)的相对量优选是10-50wt％，更优选13-49wt％。全部这样的相对量是相对于式(I)化合物的总量，这样的总量是100wt％。在组分(A)中，n＝1的物质优选的存在量不高于1wt％。在组分(A)中，n＝6或者更高的物质优选的存在量不高于3wt％。
增加n＝4或者更高的式(I)组分的量会升高所述流体的粘度。
根据式(II)的功能流体组合物的组分(B)包含乙氧基化度是m＝2到m＝6，优选m＝2到m＝4的物质。组分(B)可以是单个物质或者在乙氧基化度和/或基团R1方面不同物质的混合物。基团R1优选是C2-到C4-烷基。R1更优选可以是乙基，正丙基，异丙基，正丁基，异丁基，仲丁基，叔丁基。乙基，并且尤其地，丁基是最优选的。
用于本发明的组分(B)的有用的烷氧基二醇的例子包括乙基二甘醇，乙基三甘醇，乙基四甘醇，乙基五甘醇，乙基六甘醇，正丙基二甘醇，正丙基三甘醇，正丙基四甘醇，正丙基五甘醇，正丙基六甘醇，正丁基二甘醇，正丁基三甘醇，正丁基四甘醇，正丁基五甘醇，正丁基六甘醇及其混合物。为了避免疑义，“二醇”总是表示“乙二醇”。优选的是丁基三甘醇和丁基四甘醇。
组分(B)优选包含通式(II)的烷氧基二醇的混合物，其包含仅仅或者主要是m＝3的物质。“主要”表示至少65重量％，更优选至少75重量％的组分(B)包含m＝3的物质。m＝4的物质优选的存在量是10wt％或者更大。在任何情况中，m＝2和/或m＝5和/或m＝6的烷氧基二醇物质可以以较小量存在。m＝2的物质优选的存在量不超过3wt％。m＝5，6或者更高的物质优选的存在量总计小于5wt％。组分(B)的物质的重量百分比是以wt％给出的，并且组分(B)的总量是100wt％。所述流体中全部根据式(II)的化合物的总量是1-15，优选1.5-10wt％。
组分(C)是根据式(III)的聚乙二醇。在式(III)中，k是2或者更大的数。优选的是k是2-4的数。更优选k是2或者3。
要求的是在至少80wt％的全部根据式(III)的化合物中，k是2或者3，所述wt％是相对于全部的根据式(III)的化合物的总重量。这意味着根据式(III)的化合物(其中k是2或者3)占所述流体的4.8-28wt％，优选8-20wt％，总流体重量是100wt％。
在一种优选的实施方案中，组分(C)是根据式(III)的化合物的混合物，其中k是2或者3。
所述流体中组分(C)的总量是流体重量的6-35wt％，优选10-25wt％，更优选16-23wt％，即，所述流体的总重量是100wt％。
在一种优选的实施方案中，式(III)的物质(其中k＝2)的量是6-12wt％。在另一优选的实施方案中，式(III)的物质(其中k＝3)的量是5-15wt％。在另一优选的实施方案中，根据式(III)的物质(其中k是4或者大于4)的总量至多是8wt％，更优选至多5wt％。提供给根据式(III)的物质的所述重量百分比是作为流体的重量百分比来提供的，即所述流体的总重量是100wt％。它们不是作为组分(C)的总重量的重量百分比来提供的。
组分(D)是添加剂，需要其来赋予所述功能流体特别的性能，来满足根据目前的规范和标准FMVSS，SAE J 1703和ISO 4925的制动液规格。所述流体中全部组分(D)优选的总量是0.4-6wt％，更优选0.5-5.5wt％。
组分(D)包含选自下面的一种或多种添加剂：腐蚀抑制剂，作为储备碱度剂的胺，稳定性抗氧化剂，消泡剂，润滑剂和染料。
组分(D)可以包含胺。胺优选是烷基或者环烷基胺，烷醇胺，烷基胺乙氧基化物和它们的混合物。优选的环烷基具有5-12个碳原子。优选的烷基胺是单-和二-(C4-到C20-烷基)胺。合适的烷基或者环烷基胺的例子是正丁基胺，正己基胺，正辛基胺，2-乙基己基胺，异壬基胺，正癸基胺，正十二烷基胺，油基胺，二正丙基胺，二异丙基胺，二正丁基胺，三正丁基胺，二正戊基胺，环己基胺和这样的胺的盐。合适的烷醇胺的例子是单-，二-和三甲醇胺，单-，二-和三乙醇胺，单-，二-和三正丙醇胺和单-，二-和三异丙醇胺。合适的烷基胺乙氧基化物的例子是这样的线性或者支化的烷基胺乙氧基化物，其带有1.5-5个EO部分和具有8-18个碳原子的烷基链。优选的烷醇胺具有键合到胺氮原子上的1，2或者3个羟基脂族基团，所述羟基脂族基团具有2-6个碳原子。特别优选的是单乙醇胺，二乙醇胺，三乙醇胺和二异丙醇胺。
除了所述胺之外，本发明的功能流体组合物的组分(D)可以包含至少一种具有腐蚀抑制作用的添加剂，虽然所述烷基胺乙氧基化物本身表现出腐蚀抑制性能。具有腐蚀抑制性能的合适的常用添加剂包括脂肪酸例如月桂酸，棕榈酸，硬脂酸或者油酸；亚磷酸(phosphorus acid)或者磷酸与脂族醇或者脂族醇乙氧基化物的酯；亚磷酸酯例如磷酸乙酯，磷酸二甲酯，磷酸异丙酯，磷酸正丁酯，亚磷酸三苯酯和亚磷酸二异丙酯；杂环含氮的有机化合物例如苯并三唑，甲苯基三唑，1,2,4-三唑，苯并咪唑，嘌呤，腺嘌呤和这样的杂环有机化合物的衍生物。当然，可以使用上述具有腐蚀抑制作用的添加剂的混合物。
消泡剂可以选自基于油的消泡剂，例如天然油，甘油酯或者蜡，细粉化二氧化硅，烷氧基化物例如EO/PO嵌段共聚物，基于硅酮的消泡剂，优选聚醚改性的或者硅酮衍生物及其混合物。
所述流体可以包括基于该组合物总重量为0-5重量％的润滑剂。合适的润滑剂例如是聚环氧丙烷，无规聚(环氧C2-到C4-烷)，无规单C1-C4取代的聚(环氧C2-到C4-烷)，蓖麻油，蓖麻油酸，和蓖麻油或者蓖麻油酸的乙氧基化物及其混合物。
合适的稳定剂(其也可以称作抗氧化剂或者老化保护剂)是取代的酚，如双酚(例如双酚A或者双酚M)，丁基羟基甲苯，甲氧基酚，丁基化的羟基苯甲醚，对苯二酚衍生物；空间受阻胺例如苄基化的，烷基化的或者苯乙烯化的二苯基胺，苯乙烯化的苯基胺，取代的哌啶衍生物，吩噻嗪衍生物或者喹啉衍生物及其混合物。通常，任何文献中已知的二醇稳定剂可以用于此处。
在一种优选的实施方案中，％值(A)-(D)合计是100重量％。
所述流体中硼酸酯的总含量至多是3wt％，优选小于0.3wt％。
在一种优选的实施方案中，组分(A)和组分(B)的重量比(A)：(B)＝82:1至6:1。
在一种优选的实施方案中，根据式(I)的化合物具有n＝3与n＝4或者更高的重量比：(n＝3)：(n＝4或者更高)＝1:1至6:1。
在一种优选的实施方案中，组分(A)和组分(C)的重量比(A)：(C)＝2.0:1至8.2:1。
在一种实施方案中，本发明的主题对应于功能流体，其包含：
(A)50-85wt％，优选60-82wt％的根据式(I)的烷氧基二醇
CH3-O-(CH2-CH2-O)n-H (I)
其中n是2-5的数，条件是在至少30wt％的全部根据式(I)的化合物中，n是3，和
(B)1-15wt％，优选1.5-10wt％的根据式(II)的烷氧基二醇
R1-O-(CH2-CH2-O)m-H (II)
其中：
R1是C2-C8烷基残基，
m是2-6的数，
条件是在至少65wt％的全部根据式(II)的化合物中，m是3，和
(C)6-35wt％，优选10-25wt％的至少一种根据式(III)的化合物
H-O-(CH2-CH2-O)k-H (III)
其中k是2或者更大的数，条件是在至少80wt％的全部根据式(III)的化合物中，k是2或者3，
(D)至少一种添加剂，其选自腐蚀抑制剂、胺、稳定剂、消泡剂和润滑剂，
所述流体包含至多3wt％的硼酸与二醇或者烷基聚二醇化合物的酯。
其中组分(D)的存在量是0.4-6wt％，优选0.5-5.5wt％，和
其中所述腐蚀抑制剂选自C8-C22脂肪酸，亚磷酸或者磷酸与C1-C18脂族醇的酯，具有至少一个C1-C12烃残基的亚磷酸酯；具有至少一个氮原子作为杂原子的杂环有机化合物，及其混合物；和
其中所述胺选自烷基或者环烷基胺，烷醇胺，烷基胺乙氧基化物和它们的混合物；和
其中所述稳定剂选自取代的酚，空间受阻胺及其混合物；和
其中所述消泡剂选自天然油，甘油酯，蜡，细粉化二氧化硅，环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物，基于硅酮的消泡剂及其混合物；和
其中所述润滑剂选自聚环氧丙烷，无规聚(环氧C2-到C4-烷)，无规单C1-C4取代的聚(环氧C2-到C4-烷)，蓖麻油，蓖麻油酸，蓖麻油或者蓖麻油酸的乙氧基化物，及其混合物。
本发明的功能流体组合物在ERBP和WERBP温度和同时在低温粘度性能中表现出优异的行为。它表现出ERBP是至少250℃，更优选至少260℃和WERBP是至少160℃，更优选至少165℃。本发明的功能流体组合物表现出低温运动粘度小于800厘斯(“cSt”)(＝mm2/s)，更优选小于750cSt，每个是在-40℃测定的。所选择的本发明的功能流体组合物的例子可以满足ERBP最小250℃，WERBP最小165℃和在-40℃最大粘度750cSt的ISO 4925第6类制动液的要求。分析方法描述在所提及的FMVSS中。通常，所述流体的粘度取决于它的组分的粘度。如果根据本发明的流体不表现出运动粘度小于800厘斯，用其中n是3或者更低的组分(A)代替组分(B)和(C)的份数将降低运动粘度。需要注意的是通过这样的代替之后，ERBP和WERBP分别保持在高于250℃和160℃。必需选择合适的组分(A)来用于所述替代，和以将ERBP和WERBP保持在期望的范围内的方式来调节(B)和(C)之间的比率。
本发明的低粘度功能流体组合物特别可用作制动液，例如用于车辆例如客车和卡车，特别是用于新的电子或者自动化防锁刹车系统，其需要较低粘度的流体来满足低温运行。
除了它在ERBP和WERBP温度和它的低温粘度性能中优异的行为之外，本发明的功能流体组合物表现出优异的腐蚀保护，优异的水相容性，适度的pH值，优异的低温和高温稳定性，优异的氧化稳定性，优异的化学稳定性，对于橡胶和弹性体优异的行为，优异的润滑性能和优异的发泡行为。
实施例
表1显示了功能流体组合物和它们的性能。数字是以wt％提供的，除非另有说明。
Figure BDA0003046655250000121
Figure BDA0003046655250000131

Claims (36)

1.功能流体，其包含：
(A)50-85wt％的根据式(I)的烷氧基二醇
CH3-O-(CH2-CH2-O)n-H (I)
其中n是2-5的数，条件是在至少30wt％的全部根据式(I)的化合物中，n是3，和
(B)1-15wt％的根据式(II)的烷氧基二醇
R1-O-(CH2-CH2-O)m-H (II)
其中:
R1是C2-C8烷基残基，
m是2-6的数，
条件是在至少65wt％的全部根据式(II)的化合物中，m是3，和
(C)6-35wt％的至少一种根据式(III)的化合物
H-O-(CH2-CH2-O)k-H (III)
其中k是2或者更大的数，条件是在至少80wt％的全部根据式(III)的化合物中，k是2或者3，
(D)至少一种添加剂，其选自腐蚀抑制剂、胺、稳定剂、消泡剂和润滑剂，
其中所述腐蚀抑制剂选自C8-C22脂肪酸，亚磷酸或者磷酸与C1-C18脂族醇的酯，具有至少一个氮原子作为杂原子的杂环有机化合物，及其混合物；
所述稳定剂选自取代的酚、空间受阻胺及其混合物；
所述消泡剂选自天然油、甘油酯、蜡、细粉化二氧化硅、环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物、基于硅酮的消泡剂及其混合物；
所述润滑剂选自聚环氧丙烷、无规聚(环氧C2-到C4-烷)、无规单C1-C4取代的聚(环氧C2-到C4-烷)、蓖麻油、蓖麻油酸、蓖麻油或者蓖麻油酸的乙氧基化物及其混合物；
其中所述胺选自烷基或者环烷基胺、烷醇胺、烷基胺乙氧基化物和它们的混合物；
所述流体包含至多3wt％的硼酸与二醇或者烷基聚二醇化合物的酯。
2.根据权利要求1的功能流体，其中所述功能流体包含60-82wt％的根据式(I)的烷氧基二醇。
3.根据权利要求1的功能流体，其中所述功能流体包含1.5-10wt％的根据式(II)的烷氧基二醇。
4.根据权利要求1的功能流体，其中所述功能流体包含10-25wt％的至少一种根据式(III)的化合物。
5.根据权利要求1的功能流体，其中所述腐蚀抑制剂是具有至少一个C1-C12烃残基的亚磷酸酯。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的功能流体，其中所述(A)-(D)组分合计为100wt％。
7.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的功能流体，其中50-90wt％的全部根据式(I)的化合物具有n＝3。
8.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的功能流体，其中10-50wt％的全部根据式(I)的化合物具有n＝4或者5。
9.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的功能流体，其中2.5wt％或者更低的全部根据式(I)的化合物具有n＝2。
10.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的功能流体，其中在其中n＝1的根据式(I)的化合物中，所述(A)组分的含量是1wt％或者更低。
11.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的功能流体，其中在其中n＝6或者更大的根据式(I)的化合物中，所述(A)组分的含量是3wt％或者更低。
12.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的功能流体，其中所述流体中硼酸酯总含量至多是0.3wt％。
13.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的功能流体，其中10wt％或者更多的全部根据式(II)的化合物具有m＝4。
14.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的功能流体，其中R1是C2-C4烷基。
15.根据权利要求14的功能流体，其中R1是乙基或者丁基。
16.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的功能流体，其中在至少75wt％的全部根据式(II)的化合物中，m＝3。
17.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的功能流体，其中3wt％或者更低的全部根据式(II)的化合物具有m＝2。
18.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的功能流体，其中5wt％或者更低的全部根据式(II)的化合物具有m＝5或者更高。
19.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的功能流体，其中在其中k＝2的根据式(III)的化合物的总量是总流体的1-15wt％。
20.根据权利要求19的功能流体，其中在其中k＝2的根据式(III)的化合物的总量是总流体的6-12wt％。
21.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的功能流体，其中在其中k＝3的根据式(III)的化合物的总量是总流体的5-15wt％。
22.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的功能流体，其中k＝4或者更高的根据式(III)的化合物的总量是总流体的7wt％或者更低。
23.根据权利要求22的功能流体，其中k＝4或者更高的根据式(III)的化合物的总量是总流体的5wt％或者更低。
24.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的功能流体，其中所述(A)组分和(B)组分的重量比(A)：(B)＝82:1至6:1。
25.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的功能流体，其中n＝3与n＝4或者更高的根据式(I)的化合物的重量比(n＝3)：(n＝4或者更高)＝1:1至6:1。
26.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的功能流体，其中所述(A)组分和(C)组分的重量比(A)：(C)＝2.0:1至8.2:1。
27.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的功能流体，其中组分(D)的存在量是0.4-6wt％。
28.根据权利要求27的功能流体，其中组分(D)的存在量是0.5-5.5wt％。
29.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的功能流体，其在组分(D)中包含0.3-2wt％的胺，重量％是相对于所述流体重量。
30.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的功能流体，其中所述流体的硼酸与二醇或者烷基聚二醇化合物的酯的含量小于3wt％。
31.根据权利要求30的功能流体，其中所述流体的硼酸与二醇或者烷基聚二醇化合物的酯的含量小于1wt％。
32.根据权利要求30的功能流体，其中所述流体的硼酸与二醇或者烷基聚二醇化合物的酯的含量是0.1wt％。
33.根据权利要求30的功能流体，其中所述流体不含硼酸与二醇或者烷基聚二醇化合物的酯。
34.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的功能流体，所述流体在-40℃的运动粘度小于800厘斯，干平衡回流沸点是至少250℃和湿平衡回流沸点是至少160℃。
35.根据权利要求1-34中任一项的功能流体用作制动液的用途。
36.运行车辆刹车的方法，该方法包括通过根据权利要求1-34中任一项的功能流体来传送液压。
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