CN113844137A - 一种无纺布覆膜滤芯及其应用 - Google Patents

一种无纺布覆膜滤芯及其应用 Download PDF

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CN113844137A
CN113844137A CN202010524822.5A CN202010524822A CN113844137A CN 113844137 A CN113844137 A CN 113844137A CN 202010524822 A CN202010524822 A CN 202010524822A CN 113844137 A CN113844137 A CN 113844137A
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woven fabric
layer
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membrane
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张一平
邵钦蓉
张子琦
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Shanghai Rongping International Trade Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种无纺布覆膜滤芯及其应用,包括第一无纺布、第二无纺布和膜材,所述膜材置于第一无纺布和第二无纺布之间。本发明还公开了一种应用于无纺布覆膜滤芯的口罩,包括无纺布覆膜滤芯;还包括内层和外层,所述内层采用聚丙烯纤维纺粘无纺布,所述外层采用聚酯纤维纺粘无纺布;所述无纺布覆膜滤芯作为中间层安装在内层和外层之间;本发明还公开了一种应用于无纺布覆膜滤芯的空调滤芯和过滤布,本发明克服了现有技术的不足,可以阻挡和吸附直径在0.001‑0.1μm的细菌和病毒及油性和非油性颗粒,可用于制备阻挡和吸附直径在0.001‑0.1μm以上的细菌和病毒及油性和非油性颗粒。

Description

一种无纺布覆膜滤芯及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及覆膜滤芯技术领域,具体涉及一种无纺布覆膜滤芯及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前市场上特别针对这种细菌和病毒及极细粒子进行防护隔离的口罩并不多,市场上现有的口罩绝大多数采用无纺布、纱布、塑料网布等制备而成,它们的织孔或网孔都较大,细菌和病毒及颗粒物还是能穿过口罩进入鼻腔。另外在化工、医疗、服装、冶金、燃煤电厂、垃圾焚烧厂、水泥厂、燃煤锅炉等粉尘过滤配套袋式除尘器、电子等领域所使用的滤芯普遍采用多层过滤网来对空气中的尘埃进行过滤,这种多层叠加的过滤方式,风阻大、过滤效果差。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种可以阻挡直径在 0.001-0.1μm以上的细菌和病毒及颗粒,并保障呼吸的顺畅性、穿戴的舒适性,让人呼吸到高质量的无纺布覆膜滤芯。
为实现以上目的,本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现:
一种无纺布覆膜滤芯,其特征在于:包括第一无纺布、第二无纺布和膜材,所述膜材置于第一无纺布和第二无纺布之间,所述第一无纺布和第二无纺布的克重为20-40g/m2;所述膜材的克重为 1.0-4.Og/m2。
本发明还公开了一种应用于无纺布覆膜滤芯的口罩,包括权利要求1所述的无纺布覆膜滤芯。还包括内层和外层,所述内层采用聚丙烯纤维纺粘无纺布,所述外层采用聚酯纤维纺粘无纺布;所述无纺布覆膜滤芯作为中间层安装在内层和外层之间;其中聚丙烯纤维纺粘无纺布和聚酯纤维纺粘无纺布的克重为10-50g/m2。
优选地,所述内层和外层的下端缘以及左右两端缘均通过热压使其粘合在一起,所述内层和外层上端缘开设有开口部,所述中间层通过开口部放置于开口部内;所述内层的上端缘设置有密封盖布,所述密封盖布的端部与外层的上端缘相接触。
本发明还公开了一种应用于无纺布覆膜滤芯的空调滤芯,包括权利要求1所述的无纺布覆膜滤芯所制成的第一过滤层。还包括支撑框架和若干过滤单元,所述支撑框架内设置有多个矩形框,所述过滤单元安装在矩形框内,所述过滤单元包括由无纺布覆膜滤芯所制成的第一过滤层、由活性炭纤维材料制成的第二过滤层以及由纳米银离子材料制成的第三过滤层,所述第一过滤层、第二过滤层以及第三过滤层依次贴合。
本发明还公开了一种应用于无纺布覆膜滤芯的过滤布,包括权利要求1所述的无纺布滤芯制成的过滤层。还包括卡块,所述卡块通过黏胶固定粘接在过滤层两侧,所述卡块卡装在安装条内,所述安装条端部开设有卡槽。
本发明提供了一种无纺布覆膜滤芯及其应用。具备以下有益效果:
本发明利用膜材的小孔径、高孔隙率实现兼顾过滤吸附细菌和病毒及颗粒和呼吸顺畅感,有效地实现阻隔和吸附细菌和病毒及颗粒进入人体的目的;
通过热压以实现膜材与无纺布之间的化学粘合,并且通过将两种不同材料间的不同规格进行交换搭配来组合,得出不同空气过滤效果的滤芯,又因为不同规格的材料其制造成本不同,因此,各行业可以根据自己不同的使用要求,来选择不同材料规格的滤芯;
本发明的专用无纺布覆膜滤芯的过滤效率均在98%-99.997%及以上,通气阻力在39-200Pa,透气率均在8.Ocm/s以上,可以阻挡直径在0.001μm以上的细菌和病毒及油性和非油性颗粒,可用于制备阻挡和隔离细菌、病毒及颗粒的口罩,同时保障了呼吸的顺畅性,无须依赖单向呼吸阀,解决了佩戴口罩时憋闷的弊端,确保了穿戴的舒适性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。
图1本发明无纺布覆膜滤芯的结构示意图;
图2本发明实施例八应用于无纺布覆膜滤芯的口罩的结构示意图;
图3本发明实施例九中支撑框架的结构示意图;
图4本发明实施例九中第一过滤层、第二过滤层和第三过滤层的结构示意图;
图5本发明实施例十中过滤布的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明中的附图,对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
实施例一
一种膜材3,膜材3的表面均匀设置有微孔4,膜材3包括涂布树脂;涂布树脂涂布在玻璃纤维复合针刺毡布上。
其中,微孔的孔径为0.001至0.1μm;膜材3的孔隙率为60至 85%,膜材3的透气率为8至50cm/s。
本实施里中的膜材3具有孔径小、孔隙率高、放风透气等优点,能够阻挡粒径在0.001μm以上的细菌和病毒,可用于制备口罩、过滤纸或防护服等,能够解决目前佩戴口罩时的憋闷情况,保障通气的顺畅性。本申请的膜材的拉伸强度大,能够避免因膜材的强度不高影响佩戴的安全性,本申请相比于传统现用的各类口罩膜材在阻隔和吸附细菌和病毒的同时还可以过滤油性和非油性颗粒。
实施例二
本实施例为实施例一的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤S1:将85%-95%的聚四氟乙烯颗粒和5%-15%聚乙烯颗粒混合后放置在水中进行搅拌;
步骤S2:加入引发剂,进行第一次悬浮聚合,得到预处理品,在一般情况下引发剂常用的有亚甲基蓝、硫代硫酸钠等,加入磷酸钙粉末可使悬浮体系更稳定,在本实施例中用的是过硫酸盐;
在本步骤中用水作为连续相,聚合反应热易除去。优点是操作安全,反应体系粘度较低。缺点是不宜制成干燥粉状或粒状树脂悬浮聚合。所以要雾化和二次聚合。
步骤S3:将步骤S3中得到的预处理品加热使其雾化,加热温度为 450-650℃,并在冷却的过程中实现第二次悬浮聚合,得到粗品(包含有聚四氟乙烯和聚乙烯的共聚体,少量聚四氟乙烯和聚乙烯,过硫酸盐);
步骤S4:将步骤S3中得到的粗品先后进行捣碎、研磨、洗涤、干燥后得到粉末状树脂;
步骤S5:将步骤S4中得到的粉末状树脂融化,再经双向拉伸工艺制备得到液体状的涂布树脂;
步骤S6:将步骤S5中得到的液体状的涂布树脂涂布在玻璃纤维复合针刺毡布上,冷却后得到膜材3。在步骤中的玻璃纤维复合针刺毡布的制备方法是将玻璃纤维三维编织在针刺毡布上,即可得到玻璃纤维复合针刺毡布。
在本实施例中,通过捣碎和研磨工艺,将塑料粒子充分研磨,减小塑料粒子的直径,提高塑料粒子的品质,并采用双向拉伸工艺能够大大提高膜材3的拉伸强度,避免膜材的强度不高从而影响佩戴的安全性。
通过本实施例所得出的膜材3过滤效率均在98.8%--99.997%及以上,通气阻力在39--200Pa,透气率均在10.0cm/s以上,可以阻挡直径在0.001至0.1μm以上的细菌和病毒及油性和非油性颗粒,可用于制备阻挡和隔离细菌和病毒及颗粒的口罩,同时保障了呼吸的顺畅性,无须依赖单向呼吸阀,解决了佩戴口罩时憋闷的弊端,确保了穿戴的舒适性。
本申请将制备所得到的膜材3进行对不同颗粒直径的粒子进行捕集率测定;检测实验如下:
在环境温度为23±2.0℃、相对湿度40±10%、测试面积100cm2,风量为58L/min的条件下,对不同颗粒直径的粒子进行捕集率测定:
超微粒子,是指直径范围0.001微米至0.1微米;
花粉粒子,直径范围1微米至2微米;
3微米粒子,直径范围为2.7微米至3微米的粒子。
捕集率测试结果如下表1至表3所示:
表一超微粒子捕集率结果
粒子捕集率
98.6
99.0
98.6
99.1
98.7
平均 98.8
表二花粉粒子捕集率结果
粒子捕集率
99.9%
99.9%
99.9%
平均 99.9%
表三3微米粒子捕集率结果
粒子捕集率
99.9%
99.9%
99.9%
平均 99.9%
上述表格节选自日本的生活科学研究所株式会社的测试报告(编号No.LSRL-20011-D127),本发明的专用膜材3的过滤效率均在 98.8%--99.997%及以上,可以阻挡和吸附直径在0.001微米以上的颗粒。
实施例三
如图1所示,一种无纺布覆膜滤芯,包括第一无纺布1、第二无纺布2和膜材3,膜材3置于第一无纺布1和第二无纺布2之间。通过将膜材3与第一无纺布1和第二无纺布2进行交换搭配组合,利用膜材3 的得出不同空气过滤效果的滤芯,又因为不同规格的材料其制造成本不同,因此,各行业可以根据自己不同的使用要求,来选择不同材料规格的滤芯;并且利用膜材3孔径小、孔隙率高、防水透气、防风保暖等优点,使本申请相比于传统现用的各类口罩滤芯在阻隔和吸附细菌和病毒的同时还可以同时过滤油性和非油性颗粒。
在本实施例中,第一无纺布1和第二无纺布2的克重为20-40g/m2。膜材3的克重为1.0-4.0g/m2,孔径大小为0.1-1.0μm孔隙,孔隙率为 80-90%,透气率为8-15cm/s。微孔4为膜材3本身自带的微孔,以利于空气渗入,而又能够保证液体的水或其他物质不能透过。
在本实施例中,第一无纺布1和第二无纺布2可以采用PE/PP双组份无纺布或PE/PET双组份无纺布。从而可通过加热使第一无纺布1 和第二无纺布2中部分纤维熔融,熔融部分起粘合剂的作用,再通过外界压力,使得纤维熔融部分将膜材3与第一无纺布1和第二无纺布2 之间能够较好的粘合在一起。
实施例四
一种无纺布覆膜滤芯的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤S1、将实施例二所得到的膜材3放置在第一无纺布1、第二无纺布2之间,其中第一无纺布1和第二无纺布2选用PE/PP双组份无纺布或PE/PET双组份无纺布;
步骤S2、通过热熔点压融化第一无纺布1和第二无纺布2中的PE 纤维,并通过压力作用,使膜材3与第一无纺布1和第二无纺布2较好的粘合在一起,制备出覆膜无纺布。
上述的热熔点压的热压温度为120℃,并且由于热熔点压只是点状受力,使膜和无纺布之间呈点状粘合,从而减小对膜材3的损害。
实施例五
一种无纺布覆膜滤芯的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤S1、将实施例二所得到的膜材3放置在第一无纺布1、第二无纺布2之间,其中第一无纺布1和第二无纺布2均选用PP纺粘无纺布;
步骤S2、通过热压覆膜工艺直接将膜材3与第一无纺布1和第二无纺布2较好的粘合在一起,制备出覆膜无纺布。
上述的热熔点压的热压温度为130℃。
实施例六
一种无纺布覆膜滤芯的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤S1、将实施例二所得到的膜材3放置在第一无纺布1、第二无纺布2之间,其中第一无纺布1和第二无纺布2均选用PET纺粘无纺布;
步骤S2、通过热压覆膜工艺直接将膜材3与第一无纺布1和第二无纺布2较好的粘合在一起,制备出覆膜无纺布。
上述的热熔点压的热压温度为150℃。在实施例三和实施例四中所采用的热压覆膜工艺是将整个膜面施压,将整块膜覆合在无纺布表面,并通过加热使第一无纺布1和第二无纺布2中的部分纤维熔融,熔融部分起粘合剂的作用。
实施例七
一种无纺布覆膜滤芯的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤S1、将实施例二所得到的膜材3放置在第一无纺布1、第二无纺布2之间;
步骤S2、在第一无纺布1、第二无纺布2和膜材3之间均匀点状分散着eva热熔胶;
步骤S3、通过热压使膜材3分别与第一无纺布1和第二无纺布2 之间进行化学粘合,制备出覆膜无纺布。
上述的热熔点压的热压温度为80℃,在本实施例中,由于eva热熔胶的熔点较低,从而可以降低覆膜温度,粘合效果也更佳,并且低温也可以降低热压对膜材3的损害。
将实施例四至实施例七中所制得的覆膜无纺布经根据不同规格更换搭配,组成的不同无纺布覆膜滤芯,从而实现不同过滤要求。
实施例八
如图2所示,一种应用于无纺布覆膜滤芯的口罩,包括内层11、中间层和外层12,内层采用聚丙烯纤维纺粘无纺布,中间层为上述实施例三至实施例六任意一项所制得的无纺布覆膜滤芯,外层为聚酯纤维纺粘无纺布。其中聚丙烯纤维纺粘无纺布和聚酯纤维纺粘无纺布的克重为10-50g/m2。
在本实施例中,口罩的内层11和外层12的下端缘以及左右两端缘均通过热压使其粘合在一起,内层和外层上端缘开设有开口部13,中间层可通过开口部放置于开口部13内;内层的上端缘设置有密封盖布14,密封盖布14的端部与外层11的上端缘相接触。从而在口罩使用过程中,能够实现对中间层的无纺布覆膜滤芯进行跟换的效果。
实施例九
如图3-4所示,一种应用于无纺布覆膜滤芯的空调滤芯,包括支撑框架21和若干过滤单元,支撑框架21内设置有多个矩形框22,过滤单元安装在矩形框22内,过滤单元包括由实施例三至实施例六任意一项所述无纺布覆膜滤芯制成的第一过滤层23、由活性炭纤维材料制成的第二过滤层24以及由纳米银离子材料制成的第三过滤层25,第一过滤层23、第二过滤层24以及第三过滤层25依次贴合。
通过无纺布覆膜滤芯所制成的第一过滤层23能够阻挡直径在0.001至0.1μm以上的细菌和病毒及油性和非油性颗粒,从而有效降低空气中的PM2.5,通过第二过滤层24能够滤除室内空气中的甲醛、苯、TOVC等有机污染物。通过第三过滤层25起到抗菌抑菌,过滤细菌及真菌孢子等的作用。
实施例十
如图5所示,一种应用于无纺布覆膜滤芯的过滤布,包括卡块,所述卡块32通过黏胶34固定粘接在由实施例三至实施例六任意一项所述无纺布覆膜滤芯制成的过滤层31两侧,所述卡块32卡装在安装条33内,所述安装条33端部开设有卡槽35。通过黏胶34将过滤层31粘接在卡块32上,能够避免开孔等方式破坏过滤层31的强度,将卡块32卡装在安装条33内,安装条33上开设的卡槽35卡装在外部装置上,将安装条33固定。通过移动卡块32的位置,能够调整过滤层31的位置,通过在卡块32上开有螺纹沉孔,通过螺栓固定安装在安装条33上,提高安装的稳定性。通过无纺布覆膜滤芯所制成的过滤层31能够阻挡直径在0.001至0.1μm以上的细菌和病毒及油性和非油性颗粒,从而有效降低空气中的PM2.5,通过过滤层31能够滤除室内空气中的甲醛、苯、TOVC等有机污染物,在工厂的防尘设备中使用也具有较好的作用。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种无纺布覆膜滤芯,其特征在于:包括无纺布和膜材,所述膜材与无纺布之间通过热压粘结固定,所述无纺布的克重为20-40g/m2;所述膜材的克重为1.0-4.Og/m2
2.一种应用于无纺布覆膜滤芯的口罩,其特征在于:包括权利要求1所述的无纺布覆膜滤芯。
3.根据权利要求2所述的口罩,其特征在于:还包括内层和外层,所述内层采用聚丙烯纤维纺粘无纺布,所述外层采用聚酯纤维纺粘无纺布;所述无纺布覆膜滤芯作为中间层安装在内层和外层之间;其中聚丙烯纤维纺粘无纺布和聚酯纤维纺粘无纺布的克重为10-50g/m2
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用于无纺布覆膜滤芯的口罩,其特征在于:所述内层和外层的下端缘以及左右两端缘均通过热压使其粘合在一起,所述内层和外层上端缘开设有开口部,所述中间层通过开口部放置于开口部内;所述内层的上端缘设置有密封盖布,所述密封盖布的端部与外层的上端缘相接触。
5.一种应用于无纺布覆膜滤芯的空调滤芯,其特征在于:包括权利要求1所述的无纺布覆膜滤芯所制成的第一过滤层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的空调滤芯,其特征在于:还包括支撑框架和若干过滤单元,所述支撑框架内设置有多个矩形框,所述过滤单元安装在矩形框内,所述过滤单元包括由无纺布覆膜滤芯所制成的第一过滤层、由活性炭纤维材料制成的第二过滤层以及由纳米银离子材料制成的第三过滤层,所述第一过滤层、第二过滤层以及第三过滤层依次贴合。
7.一种应用于无纺布覆膜滤芯的过滤布,其特征在于:包括权利要求1所述的无纺布滤芯制成的过滤层。
8.根据权利要求7所述的过滤布,其特征在于:还包括卡块,所述卡块通过黏胶固定粘接在过滤层两侧,所述卡块卡装在安装条内,所述安装条端部开设有卡槽。
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