CN113828100B - 一种固废焚烧烟气脱硫脱硝工艺 - Google Patents
一种固废焚烧烟气脱硫脱硝工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及气体净化技术领域,具体为一种固废焚烧烟气脱硫脱硝工艺,将固废焚烧产生的高温烟气冷却后再进行碱液喷淋处理,将处理后的烟气通入脱硫脱硝设备中,脱硫脱硝设备内填充有预活化后的吸附剂,经过吸附剂处理后的烟气再经除雾处理后即可得到净化后的烟气,经测试,本发明固废焚烧烟气脱硫脱硝工艺可以极大的降低由于固废焚烧所产生烟气中的含硫、含硝气体,具有极佳的净化效能,其中脱硫效率≥98%,脱硝效率≥86%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及气体净化技术领域,具体为一种固废焚烧烟气脱硫脱硝工艺。
背景技术
随着近代工业发展和城市化快速推进,我国城市垃圾产生量日趋增长,截至目前城市垃圾中的固体废物堆放总量就已经高达70亿吨,并且每年以约9%的速度递增,焚烧作为固体废物处理的一种方法,可以使固体废物燃烧转变为二氧化碳和水等简单无机物,大大减少废物量,同时彻底杀灭各种病原体,但焚烧产生的含硫含硝烟气可能会导致二次污染。
含硫含硝烟气的过量排放会严重危害环境和人类健康,相比传统脱硫、脱硝串联工艺,短流程一体化同时脱硫脱硝技术广受关注,吸附法是净化固废焚烧烟气的有效技术途径之一,然而由于SO2和NOx(氮氧化物)间存在竞争吸附,导致吸附剂对NOx的吸附性能较差,烟气净化效果不好。
发明内容
发明目的:针对上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种固废焚烧烟气脱硫脱硝工艺。
所采用的技术方案如下:
一种固废焚烧烟气脱硫脱硝工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1:将固废焚烧产生的高温烟气冷却后再进行碱液喷淋处理;
S2:将处理后的烟气通入脱硫脱硝设备中,脱硫脱硝设备内填充有预活化后的吸附剂,经过吸附剂处理后的烟气再经除雾处理后即可得到净化后的烟气;
所述吸附剂为三层核壳结构,包括外层、中间层和核体;
所述外层由过渡金属元素氧化物、Na2CO3和γ-Al2O3组成;
中间层为SAPO-34分子筛层;
核体为由过渡金属元素氧化物、稀土元素和多孔碳材料组成。
进一步地,S1中处理后的烟气温度为120-160℃。
进一步地,所述吸附剂经过CTAB溶液浸渍处理。
进一步地,所述预活化的方法为通入110-120℃的过热水蒸气处理,处理时间为5-10min。
进一步地,所述过渡金属元素氧化物为TiO2、MnO2、Fe2O3、ZrO2或 CoO2中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述稀土元素为Ce、La或Y中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述多孔碳材料为活性炭、活性炭纤维、介孔碳、碳纳米管、碳分子筛中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述外层由MnO2、Na2CO3和γ-Al2O3组成。
进一步地,核体由MnO2、Ce和活性炭组成。
进一步地,所述吸附剂的制备方法如下:
S1:将过渡金属元素氧化物、稀土盐、多孔碳材料、水混合成浆料后,于90-100℃干燥12-15h,再于450-550℃焙烧1-3h,得到核体;
S2:将拟薄水铝石加入水中,在加入磷酸,搅拌混合均匀,得到溶液A,将硅溶胶、吗啡啉、水混合,得到溶液B,将溶液B加入溶液A中,搅拌混合均匀,再将得到核体加入,反应液转移至水热反应釜中,38-40℃反应20-25h,120-125℃反应3-5h,200-210℃反应20-25h后取出,过滤出固体、水洗、干燥,最后550-580℃焙烧2-5h,得到坯体;
S3:将Al2(SO4)3加入水配成溶液并预热至40-60℃,再将坯体加入,用氨水调节体系pH值至8-9,过滤,固体水洗后再加入水中,将Mn(NO3)2和Na2CO3加入搅拌使其溶解,坯体浸渍20-40min后过滤,干燥后于 450-460℃焙烧2-3h,恢复室温后于CTAB溶液中浸渍处理10-30min后干燥即可。
本发明的有益效果:
目前研究发现,烟气脱硫脱硝工艺中,SO2因为其物化性质(沸点、分子量、分子动力学直径、极性、酸性等),使其在竞争吸附位点的过程中具有优势,并且SO2和NO会发生一系列复杂的反应转化为络合物并分解产生SO3和NO,而此过程也会促进SO2的吸附,抑制NO的吸附。因此,当使用吸附法净化同时含有SO2和NO的烟气时,SO2会优先吸附在吸附剂上,并且抑制NO的吸附,这将会造成NO的去除效率较差,很快穿透出来,导致吸附剂失活和使用寿命减短;
本发明利用核壳材料的特殊结构,构建三层吸附位点,实现同时高效脱硫脱硝,根据SO2和NO分子运动直径的差异(SO2分子运动直径为 0.43nm,NO分子运动直径为0.37nm),合成具有均匀有序孔道的SAPO-34 分子筛层(孔径为0.40-0.42nm左右)作为中间层,利用其孔道结构阻碍SO2的进入核吸附,从而提高核结构的脱硝性能;
另外,由过渡金属元素氧化物、Na2CO3和γ-Al2O3组成的外层,能吸附大部分的SO2,降低核结构表面SO2的分压,从而减弱甚至消除SO2和 NO在核结构上的竞争吸附作用,从而提高核体对NO的吸附;
经测试,本发明固废焚烧烟气脱硫脱硝工艺可以极大的降低由于固废焚烧所产生烟气中的含硫、含硝气体,具有极佳的净化效能,其中脱硫效率≥98%,脱硝效率≥86%。
具体实施方式
实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
实施例1:
一种固废焚烧烟气脱硫脱硝工艺:
S1:将固废焚烧产生的高温烟气冷却后再用5wt%的氢氧化钠溶液喷淋处理,控制喷淋处理处理后的烟气温度为150℃;
S2:脱硫脱硝设备内填充有吸附剂,向其中通入120℃的过热水蒸气对吸附剂进行预活化处理,处理时间为10min;
S3:将处理后的烟气通入脱硫脱硝设备中,控制烟气流速为 400mL/min,经过吸附剂处理后的烟气再经除雾处理后即可得到净化后的烟气;
其中,吸附剂为三层核壳结构,包括外层、中间层和核体;
外层由MnO2、Na2CO3和γ-Al2O3组成;
中间层为SAPO-34分子筛层;
核体为由核体由MnO2、Ce和活性炭组成。
吸附剂的制备方法如下:
原料以重量份数计,将10份MnO2、10份Ce(NO3)3、50份活性炭、300 份水混合成浆料后,于100℃干燥15h,再于500℃焙烧3h,得到核体,将 27份拟薄水铝石加入180份水中,在加入45份磷酸,搅拌混合均匀,得到溶液A,将30份硅溶胶、34份吗啡啉、100份水混合,得到溶液B,将溶液B加入溶液A中,搅拌混合均匀,再将得到核体加入,反应液转移至水热反应釜中,40℃反应24h,125℃反应5h,200℃反应24h后取出,过滤出固体、水洗、干燥,最后560℃焙烧4h,得到坯体,将50份Al2(SO4)3加入900份水配成溶液并预热至50℃,再将坯体加入,用氨水调节体系pH 值至8-9,过滤,所得固体水洗后再加入900份水水中,将20份Mn(NO3)2和20份Na2CO3加入搅拌使其溶解,坯体浸渍40min后过滤,干燥后于460℃焙烧2h,恢复室温后于3wt%CTAB溶液中浸渍处理30min后干燥即可。
实施例2:
一种固废焚烧烟气脱硫脱硝工艺:
S1:将固废焚烧产生的高温烟气冷却后再用5wt%的氢氧化钠溶液喷淋处理,控制喷淋处理处理后的烟气温度为160℃;
S2:脱硫脱硝设备内填充有吸附剂,向其中通入120℃的过热水蒸气对吸附剂进行预活化处理,处理时间为10min;
S3:将处理后的烟气通入脱硫脱硝设备中,控制烟气流速为 400mL/min,经过吸附剂处理后的烟气再经除雾处理后即可得到净化后的烟气;
其中,吸附剂为三层核壳结构,包括外层、中间层和核体;
外层由MnO2、Na2CO3和γ-Al2O3组成;
中间层为SAPO-34分子筛层;
核体为由核体由MnO2、Ce和活性炭组成。
吸附剂的制备方法如下:
原料以重量份数计,将10份MnO2、10份Ce(NO3)3、50份活性炭、300 份水混合成浆料后,于100℃干燥15h,再于550℃焙烧3h,得到核体,将27份拟薄水铝石加入180份水中,在加入45份磷酸,搅拌混合均匀,得到溶液A,将30份硅溶胶、34份吗啡啉、100份水混合,得到溶液B,将溶液B加入溶液A中,搅拌混合均匀,再将得到核体加入,反应液转移至水热反应釜中,40℃反应25h,125℃反应5h,210℃反应25h后取出,过滤出固体、水洗、干燥,最后580℃焙烧5h,得到坯体,将50份Al2(SO4)3加入900份水配成溶液并预热至60℃,再将坯体加入,用氨水调节体系pH 值至8-9,过滤,所得固体水洗后再加入900份水水中,将20份Mn(NO3)2和20份Na2CO3加入搅拌使其溶解,坯体浸渍40min后过滤,干燥后于460℃焙烧3h,恢复室温后于3wt%CTAB溶液中浸渍处理30min后干燥即可。
实施例3:
一种固废焚烧烟气脱硫脱硝工艺:
S1:将固废焚烧产生的高温烟气冷却后再用5wt%的氢氧化钠溶液喷淋处理,控制喷淋处理处理后的烟气温度为120℃;
S2:脱硫脱硝设备内填充有吸附剂,向其中通入120℃的过热水蒸气对吸附剂进行预活化处理,处理时间为5min;
S3:将处理后的烟气通入脱硫脱硝设备中,控制烟气流速为 400mL/min,经过吸附剂处理后的烟气再经除雾处理后即可得到净化后的烟气;
其中,吸附剂为三层核壳结构,包括外层、中间层和核体;
外层由MnO2、Na2CO3和γ-Al2O3组成;
中间层为SAPO-34分子筛层;
核体为由核体由MnO2、Ce和活性炭组成。
吸附剂的制备方法如下:
原料以重量份数计,将10份MnO2、10份Ce(NO3)3、50份活性炭、300 份水混合成浆料后,于100℃干燥12h,再于550℃焙烧1h,得到核体,将 27份拟薄水铝石加入180份水中,在加入45份磷酸,搅拌混合均匀,得到溶液A,将30份硅溶胶、34份吗啡啉、100份水混合,得到溶液B,将溶液B加入溶液A中,搅拌混合均匀,再将得到核体加入,反应液转移至水热反应釜中,40℃反应20h,125℃反应3h,210℃反应20h后取出,过滤出固体、水洗、干燥,最后580℃焙烧2h,得到坯体,将50份Al2(SO4)3加入900份水配成溶液并预热至60℃,再将坯体加入,用氨水调节体系pH 值至8-9,过滤,所得固体水洗后再加入900份水水中,将20份Mn(NO3)2和20份Na2CO3加入搅拌使其溶解,坯体浸渍20min后过滤,干燥后于460℃焙烧2h,恢复室温后于3wt%CTAB溶液中浸渍处理10min后干燥即可。
实施例4:
一种固废焚烧烟气脱硫脱硝工艺:
S1:将固废焚烧产生的高温烟气冷却后再用1wt%的氢氧化钠溶液喷淋处理,控制喷淋处理处理后的烟气温度为160℃;
S2:脱硫脱硝设备内填充有吸附剂,向其中通入110℃的过热水蒸气对吸附剂进行预活化处理,处理时间为10min;
S3:将处理后的烟气通入脱硫脱硝设备中,控制烟气流速为 400mL/min,经过吸附剂处理后的烟气再经除雾处理后即可得到净化后的烟气;
其中,吸附剂为三层核壳结构,包括外层、中间层和核体;
外层由MnO2、Na2CO3和γ-Al2O3组成;
中间层为SAPO-34分子筛层;
核体为由核体由MnO2、Ce和活性炭组成。
吸附剂的制备方法如下:
原料以重量份数计,将10份MnO2、10份Ce(NO3)3、50份活性炭、300 份水混合成浆料后,于90℃干燥15h,再于450℃焙烧3h,得到核体,将 27份拟薄水铝石加入180份水中,在加入45份磷酸,搅拌混合均匀,得到溶液A,将30份硅溶胶、34份吗啡啉、100份水混合,得到溶液B,将溶液B加入溶液A中,搅拌混合均匀,再将得到核体加入,反应液转移至水热反应釜中,38℃反应25h,120℃反应5h,200℃反应25h后取出,过滤出固体、水洗、干燥,最后550℃焙烧5h,得到坯体,将50份Al2(SO4)3加入900份水配成溶液并预热至40℃,再将坯体加入,用氨水调节体系pH 值至8-9,过滤,所得固体水洗后再加入900份水水中,将20份Mn(NO3)2和20份Na2CO3加入搅拌使其溶解,坯体浸渍40min后过滤,干燥后于450℃焙烧3h,恢复室温后于1wt%CTAB溶液中浸渍处理30min后干燥即可。
实施例5:
一种固废焚烧烟气脱硫脱硝工艺:
S1:将固废焚烧产生的高温烟气冷却后再用1wt%的氢氧化钠溶液喷淋处理,控制喷淋处理处理后的烟气温度为120℃;
S2:脱硫脱硝设备内填充有吸附剂,向其中通入110℃的过热水蒸气对吸附剂进行预活化处理,处理时间为5min;
S3:将处理后的烟气通入脱硫脱硝设备中,控制烟气流速为 400mL/min,经过吸附剂处理后的烟气再经除雾处理后即可得到净化后的烟气;
其中,吸附剂为三层核壳结构,包括外层、中间层和核体;
外层由MnO2、Na2CO3和γ-Al2O3组成;
中间层为SAPO-34分子筛层;
核体为由核体由MnO2、Ce和活性炭组成。
吸附剂的制备方法如下:
原料以重量份数计,将10份MnO2、10份Ce(NO3)3、50份活性炭、300 份水混合成浆料后,于90℃干燥12h,再于450℃焙烧1h,得到核体,将 27份拟薄水铝石加入180份水中,在加入45份磷酸,搅拌混合均匀,得到溶液A,将30份硅溶胶、34份吗啡啉、100份水混合,得到溶液B,将溶液B加入溶液A中,搅拌混合均匀,再将得到核体加入,反应液转移至水热反应釜中,38℃反应20h,120℃反应3h,200℃反应20h后取出,过滤出固体、水洗、干燥,最后550℃焙烧2h,得到坯体,将50份Al2(SO4)3加入900份水配成溶液并预热至40℃,再将坯体加入,用氨水调节体系pH 值至8-9,过滤,所得固体水洗后再加入900份水水中,将20份Mn(NO3)2和20份Na2CO3加入搅拌使其溶解,坯体浸渍20min后过滤,干燥后于450℃焙烧2h,恢复室温后于1wt%CTAB溶液中浸渍处理10min后干燥即可。
对比例1:
与实施例1基本相同,区别在于,吸附剂不含中间层(SAPO-34分子筛层)。
对比例2:
与实施例1基本相同,区别在于,吸附剂不含外层(由MnO2、Na2CO3和γ-Al2O3组成)。
对比例3:
与实施例1基本相同,区别在于,吸附剂不经过过热水蒸气预活化处理。
对比例4:
与实施例1基本相同,区别在于,吸附剂没有经过CTAB溶液浸渍处理。
脱硫脱硝测试:
按照实施例1-5及对比例1-4中工艺对模拟烟气进行脱硫脱硝处理;
测试装置由模拟烟气供气系统、模拟烟气处理系统、模拟烟气吸收系统和尾气分析系统组成,
供气系统提供高温模拟烟气,模拟烟气中SO2质量浓度为500mg/m3, NO质量浓度为1000mg/m3,其余为空气;
模拟烟气处理系统提供冷凝管、氢氧化钠溶液对模拟烟气进行喷淋,并控制喷淋后模拟烟气的温度;
模拟烟气吸收系统为填充有吸附剂的石英管,尾气分析系统为烟气分析仪。
脱硫脱硝性能评价指标为脱硫效率η1和脱硝效率η2;
脱硫效率η1=[(C0-C1)]/C0×100%
脱硝效率η2=[(C2-C3)]/C2×100%
C0为SO2初始质量浓度,C1为处理后SO2质量浓度;
C2为NO初始质量浓度,C3为处理后NO质量浓度;
测试结果如下表1所示:
表1:
由上表1可知,经测试,本发明固废焚烧烟气脱硫脱硝工艺可以极大的降低由于固废焚烧所产生烟气中的含硫、含硝气体,具有极佳的净化效能,其中脱硫效率≥98%,脱硝效率≥86%。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种固废焚烧烟气脱硫脱硝工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1:将固废焚烧产生的高温烟气冷却后再进行碱液喷淋处理;
S2:将处理后的烟气通入脱硫脱硝设备中,脱硫脱硝设备内填充有预活化后的吸附剂,经过吸附剂处理后的烟气再经除雾处理后即可得到净化后的烟气;
所述吸附剂为三层核壳结构,包括外层、中间层和核体;
所述外层由过渡金属元素氧化物、Na2CO3和γ-Al2O3组成;
中间层为SAPO-34分子筛层;
核体由过渡金属元素氧化物、稀土元素和多孔碳材料组成;
所述吸附剂的制备方法如下:
S1:将过渡金属元素氧化物、稀土盐、多孔碳材料、水混合成浆料后,于90-100℃干燥12-15h,再于450-550℃焙烧1-3h,得到核体;
S2:将拟薄水铝石加入水中,在加入磷酸,搅拌混合均匀,得到溶液A,将硅溶胶、吗啡啉、水混合,得到溶液B,将溶液B加入溶液A中,搅拌混合均匀,再将得到核体加入,反应液转移至水热反应釜中,38-40℃反应20-25h,120-125℃反应3-5h,200-210℃反应20-25h后取出,过滤出固体、水洗、干燥,最后550-580℃焙烧2-5h,得到坯体;
S3:将Al2(SO4)3加入水配成溶液并预热至40-60℃,再将坯体加入,用氨水调节体系pH值至8-9,过滤,固体水洗后再加入水中,将Mn(NO3)2和Na2CO3加入搅拌使其溶解,坯体浸渍20-40min后过滤,干燥后于450-460℃焙烧2-3h,恢复室温后于CTAB溶液中浸渍处理10-30min后干燥即可;
S1中处理后的烟气温度为120-160℃;
所述吸附剂经过CTAB溶液浸渍处理;
所述预活化的方法为通入110-120℃的过热水蒸气处理,处理时间为5-10min;
所述外层中的过渡金属元素氧化物为MnO2;
所述核体中的过渡金属元素氧化物为MnO2,所述核体中的稀土元素为Ce,所述核体中的多孔碳材料为活性炭。
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