CN113826781A - 一种防治大口黑鲈溃疡综合征的饲料添加剂 - Google Patents
一种防治大口黑鲈溃疡综合征的饲料添加剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种防治大口黑鲈溃疡综合征的饲料添加剂，其特征是原料包含鲜薄荷、鲜菊叶、鲜鱼腥草、鲜茯苓、山银花、白头翁、荞麦、大蒜粉、龙须菜、车前草、食盐、载体。本饲料的制作方法是：将上述组分投入混合机中，充分混合后，在超微粉碎机中粉碎，将粉碎后的物料过筛网，即得产品大口黑鲈溃疡综合征饲料添加剂。添加本粉料添加剂后能够提高大口黑鲈的免疫与抗氧化能力，提高应激，增强抗病能力，适用本饲料添加剂的饲料不需要添加抗生物药物，所生产的鱼产品为无公害绿色环保食品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种防治大口黑鲈溃疡综合征的饲料添加剂，属于水产配合饲料添加剂技术领域。
背景技术
大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)，又名加州鲈，是源自北美湖泊和河流的主要淡水鱼种，其性情温和、能掠食，具有生活适应能力强、生长迅速、病虫害少、饲养管理方便、容易捕捞、经济效益高等优点，在原产地最大个体达83cm，重10kg。其生存水温为1-36℃，最适生长温度为15-25℃，适宜在淡水及盐度12‰以下的咸淡水中生长，可在淡水池塘、湖泊、水库、河沟及海边滩涂中开展养殖，尤其适合在野杂鱼虾较多、水质清新的淡水池塘或盐度10‰以下的咸淡水池塘中作为混养品种进行养殖。随着养殖规模的不断扩大，大口黑鲈的疾病已成为养殖的瓶颈问题，其中溃疡综合征影响较大。
大口黑鲈溃疡综合征是无鳞鱼类或底层鱼类在高密度养殖条件下常见的疾病之一，对乌鳢、大口鲶、加州鲈等养殖品种造成较大危害，常因机械性损伤如拉网、寄生虫寄生、运输等而引起。在水质肥、底泥深、水体中腐殖质过多的养殖塘多发。发病初期体表出现数目不等的斑块状充血或出血病灶，继而鳞片脱落，局部皮肤溃烂，肌肉坏死，形成大小不等、深浅不一的溃疡，严重时露出骨骼和内脏，病灶部位通常为圆形或椭圆形不等，同一尾鱼可能出现有多个病灶，有在头部、背部、体表两侧等，少数病鱼鳍条溃烂。危害对象以成鱼为主，养殖池塘、网箱均有发生，全塘鱼发病率可达80％。
有关鱼类添加中草药防治水产疾病的在水产养殖中已有少量使用，但中草药防治大口黑鲈疾病的报道相对较少，特别是针对大口黑鲈溃疡综合征的尚未见报道。
鉴于此，本发明针对大口黑鲈夏季高温期间的密度高，两年以上池塘黑鲈溃疡综合征多发的特点，开发专用的防治大口黑鲈黑鲈溃疡综合征的中草药饲料添加剂，提高其免疫能力，增强大口黑鲈的体质，减少病害发生，促进大口黑鲈产业的健康发展。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述不足之处，从而提供一种防治大口黑鲈溃疡综合征的饲料添加剂，提高大口黑鲈的免疫能力，增强体质，减少病害发生，有利于大口黑鲈的健康生长。
按照本发明提供的技术方案，一种防治大口黑鲈溃疡综合征的饲料添加剂包含以下组份，其组份按重量份数比例计为：
鲜薄荷5.0-8.0份、鲜菊叶5.0-8.0份、鲜鱼腥草5.0-8.0份、鲜茯苓15.0-20.0份、山银花3.0-5.0份、白头翁3.0-5.0份、荞麦10.0-15.0份、大蒜粉5.0-8.0份、龙须菜1.0-2.0份、车前草1.0-2.0份、食盐5.0-8.0份、载体58.0-79.0份。
取上述组分后粉碎，得产品大口黑鲈防治溃疡综合征饲料添加剂。
一种防治大口黑鲈溃疡综合征的饲料添加剂，其特征如下：
(1)所述鲜薄荷、鲜菊叶、鲜鱼腥草、鲜茯苓均为新鲜中草药。
(2)所述载体为麸皮、小麦粉、米糠或沸石粉中一种或几种物质的混合物。
(3)所述组分投入混合机中，15-18r/min充分混合后，在超微粉碎机中粉碎，粉碎速度为：200-400r/min；将粉碎后的物料过120-800目筛网，即得产品大口黑鲈防治溃疡综合征饲料添加剂。
(4)夏季高温季节指的是6、7、8或9月大口黑鲈及其他鱼饲料中添加量为2-4kg/t。
本发明与已有技术相比具有以下优点：
(1)本饲料预混料添加剂添加了山银花、白头翁、鲜茯苓、鲜薄荷、大蒜粉添加剂，这些添加剂具有清热解毒，利湿，收敛止血。用于肠炎，痢疾，吐血、衄血、便血、尿血，崩漏；抗寒应激及杀害有害菌的作用。
(2)本饲料预混料添加剂添加了荞麦、大蒜粉、龙须菜、车前草、食盐并且具有一定的诱食作用，增加适口性，有利于降低大口黑鲈的饵料系数，提高其成活率。
(3)本饲料预混料添加剂能够提高大口黑鲈的免疫与抗氧化能力，提高应激，增强抗病能力，适用本饲料预混料添加剂的饲料不需要添加抗生物药物，所生产的鱼产品为无公害绿色环保食品。
具体实施方式
下面本发明将结合实施例作进一步描述：
实施例一
本发明一种防治大口黑鲈溃疡综合征的饲料添加剂，采用以下工艺步骤：
本发明配制20kg饲料其各原料组成：鲜薄荷1.0kg、鲜菊叶0.9kg、鲜鱼腥草0.9kg、鲜茯苓1.9kg、山银花0.7kg、白头翁0.6kg、荞麦1.6kg、大蒜粉1.3kg、食盐5.0-8.0份0.7kg、龙须菜0.2kg、车前草0.2kg、载体10kg。
取上述组分投入混合机中，17r/min充分混合后，在超微粉碎机中粉碎，粉碎速度为：350r/min；将粉碎后的物料过500目筛网，即得产品大口黑鲈防治溃疡综合征饲料添加剂。将上述大口黑鲈防治溃疡综合征饲料添加剂添加至大口黑鲈专用饲料，每吨饲料中添加3.0kg添加剂，在7、8两月使用。
江苏盐城市大丰区永辰水产科技(盐城)有限公司的大口黑鲈成鱼养殖两口池塘，六口养殖池塘的面积为15亩，池塘水深为1.9米左右。2019年当年放养大口黑鲈鱼种，5月左右鱼体大小为90-100g，平均92.2g。实验前对两口清塘用生石灰150公斤/亩清塘消毒。后将大口黑鲈鱼种用蛋氨酸碘消毒后，以1300尾/亩的密度在池塘放养，进行试验2个月。随机抽取三口15亩鱼塘为对照塘口，使用常规大口黑鲈商品配合饲料，另三口鱼塘为试验塘，使用按上述配方的大口黑鲈饲料。养殖过程中加强全程管理，根据天气情况，日投喂1次，日投饵量为鱼体重的2％左右，并根据吃食情况，做适量的调整。两个月后，采集样品分析。
上述试验结果如下表1。
表1大口黑鲈防治溃疡综合征饲料添加剂与普通饵料试验数据对照
注：差异显著性分析取α＝0.05水平，同一地区同一行中不含有相同字母者为差异显著。
Claims (5)
1.一种防治大口黑鲈溃疡综合征的饲料添加剂，其组份按重量份数计为：
鲜薄荷5.0-8.0份、鲜菊叶5.0-8.0份、鲜鱼腥草5.0-8.0份、鲜茯苓15.0-20.0份、山银花3.0-5.0份、白头翁3.0-5.0份、荞麦10.0-15.0份、大蒜粉5.0-8.0份、龙须菜1.0-2.0份、车前草1.0-2.0份、食盐5.0-8.0份、载体58.0-79.0份。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种防治大口黑鲈溃疡综合征的饲料添加剂，其特征是：所述鲜薄荷、鲜菊叶、鲜鱼腥草、鲜茯苓均为新鲜中草药。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种防治大口黑鲈溃疡综合征的饲料添加剂，其特征是：所述载体为麸皮、小麦粉、米糠或沸石粉中一种或几种物质的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治大口黑鲈溃疡综合征的饲料添加剂的生产方法，其特征是步骤如下：将上述组分投入混合机中，15-18r/min充分混合后，在超微粉碎机中粉碎，粉碎速度为：200-400r/min；将粉碎后的物料过120-800目筛网，即得产品大口黑鲈防治溃疡综合征饲料添加剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治大口黑鲈溃疡综合征的饲料添加剂的生产方法，其特征是：在夏季高温季节大口黑鲈及其他鱼饲料中添加量为2-4kg/t，夏季高温季节指的是6、7、8或9月。
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