CN113825605A - 用于对多个平行地引导的塑料纤维束进行横截面成型的设备 - Google Patents

用于对多个平行地引导的塑料纤维束进行横截面成型的设备 Download PDF

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CN113825605A
CN113825605A CN202080035801.5A CN202080035801A CN113825605A CN 113825605 A CN113825605 A CN 113825605A CN 202080035801 A CN202080035801 A CN 202080035801A CN 113825605 A CN113825605 A CN 113825605A
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shaping
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rollers
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S·约斯特
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Feddema Gmhh & Co KG
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于对多个平行并排地通过至少一个可旋转的成型辊子(18，19，20)引导的塑料束进行横截面成型的设备，其中该成型辊子在其表面上设有多个平行布置的、环绕的成型凹部，在所述成型凹部中，所述塑料束的横截面能够根据所述成型凹部的横截面形状成型，其中，横向于塑料束的运行轨迹设置优选三个相同类型的成型辊子(18，19，20)，用于相互跟随地成型所述塑料束，其中，所述塑料束在处于所述塑料束的第一侧上的两个相互跟随的成型辊子(19，20)的对与第三成型辊子(18)之间被引导，所述第三成型辊子在所述塑料束的第二侧上沿该塑料束的运行方向布置在成型辊子对的第一成型辊子(19)与第二成型辊子(20)之间并且所述成型辊子借助于快速更换装置支承在侧导向板中。

Description

用于对多个平行地引导的塑料纤维束进行横截面成型的设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于对多个平行并排地通过至少一个可旋转的成型辊子引导的塑料纤维束进行横截面成型的设备。
背景技术
由塑料制成的轻结构元件(例如经常在汽车工业或飞机制造中采用的那样)通常包含由玻璃或碳制成的纤维材料，用于在获得高强度的同时节省重量。该纤维材料借助于浸渍装置结合到塑料材料的聚合物熔体中并且然后作为塑料纤维束加工成具有定义的横截面的粒料、颗粒或细带，它们在后续设备和方法、特别是注塑方法中使用以制造轻结构元件。
在最简单的情况下，被浸渍的纤维束的横截面成型或定径通过具有定义的直径的喷嘴进行。然而，较精确的横截面成型只能在掺有塑料材料的纤维束的部分固定的、但尚热的状态中实现，从而为了较精确地定径，需要将塑料纤维束在从喷嘴中出来之后首先在水浴中冷却下来并且然后在尚可变形的状态下再成型。
为此公开了成型辊子，该成型辊子在塑料纤维束卷起或输送给制粒机之前将尚温的或热的塑料纤维束在具有定义的横截面的表面凹部中冷却。
用于横截面成型的成型辊子通常直接连接在浸渍单元的水浴下游。然而，因为还存在对于被浸渍的、不同横截面的纤维束的需求，需要使成型辊子适配于这种不同的横截面，这通常通过以下方式实现，即，根据新的任务要求将成型辊子替换为具有相应改变的横截面形状的成型凹部的成型辊子。成型辊子的更换和清洁是费事且费时的，特别是当多个成型辊子前后相继地布置时。
发明内容
因此，本发明的任务是，提供一种用于对多个平行地引导的、经浸渍的塑料纤维束进行横截面成型的设备，其成型辊子改善了塑料纤维束的圆度，其在更换一个或多个成型辊子时的停机时间可以保持很小，结构紧凑，与此同时，可以实现塑料纤维束的高效冷却并且能够更大程度地调节。
该任务通过权利要求1中给出的发明解决。本发明的另外的构型在从属权利要求中给出。
在本发明中使用一种成型辊子，其借助于快速更换装置支承在侧面的导向板中。所述成型辊子具有端侧的旋转联接装置，通过该旋转联接装置将液态介质(特别是用于冷却)引导通过所述成型辊子。在所述旋转联接装置的输入和输出管路分离并且移除所述快速更换装置之后，可以将所述成型辊子简单地从机架中取出。
优选地，在本发明中，为了再成型塑料纤维束，使用三个相同类型的成型辊子，它们布置成三角形并且分别在其表面上设有多个平行布置的、环绕的成型凹部，在所述成型凹部中，供入的、用塑料浸渍的纤维束的横截面能够根据所述成型凹部的横截面形状成型。
在此，所述纤维束在处于所述纤维束的第一侧上的两个相互跟随的成型辊子的对与第三成型辊子之间被引导，所述第三成型辊子在所述塑料纤维束的第二侧上沿该塑料纤维束的运行方向布置在成型辊子对的第一成型辊子与第二成型辊子之间。所述成型辊子距离能够水平地和/或竖直地调节。所述成型辊子的表面温度优选是可控的。
按照需求，成型辊子的数量及其相互间的布置也可以不同地选择。因此，在对于成型精度的要求特别高或者在特殊的聚合物的情况下选择更高数量的、作用于纤维束的成型辊子，例如具有2×3个成型辊子的布置。
本发明的该构造允许在穿过成型辊子之间的间隙时实现塑料纤维束的高效的横截面成型，与此同时，实现了冷却。
成型辊子的距离的在其水平位置和竖直位置方面的调节使得能够控制塑料束的张紧、其在成型辊子上的停留时间并且相应地控制冷却效果。
成型辊子优选如此布置，以至于第二和第二成型辊子在水平平面中处于塑料束下方并且第三成型辊子相对一第一和第二成型辊子有竖直距离地处于塑料束上方。在此，第三成型辊子的竖直位置优选如此选择，以至于该成型辊子将塑料纤维束压入到第一和第二成型辊子之间，以便从而扩展成型辊子的由塑料纤维束接触的包容角、增大将塑料束压入到成型凹部中的压入力并且从而改善成型质量。
下成型辊子和上成型辊子相互间的布置也可以在竖向上镜像。
优选地，所述成型辊子在端侧支承在机架的侧导向板中，其中，第一和第二成型辊子容纳在第一导向板对中，第二导向板对承载第三成型辊子。这些导向板可以优选地通过杆导向装置竖直移动，其中，该移动同步地进行，以使得该移动在成型辊子的总长度上能够均匀地实施。
此外，也可以设置的是，第一和第二成型辊子的水平距离是可调节的。成型辊子相对于塑料纤维束的上侧或下侧的竖直布置也可以颠倒。
借助于本发明的简化的设备能够使得用塑料浸渍的纤维束、尤其制造的粒料和颗粒如此定径，以至于：改善其圆度；在成型时为了改善其性质可以再次被揉搓；在后续的输送设备中具有更好的运行性能并且最终具有更好的外观。
附图说明
下面借助于实施例详细描述本发明。附图中：
图1示出本发明的用于对塑料条进行横截面成型的设备的等轴图，
图2示出成型辊子的纵截面图，
图3示出用于成型辊子的快速更换装置的放大图，和
图4示出用于成型辊子的快速更换装置的侧视图。
具体实施方式
图1中示出的设备包括机架1，该机架基本上由一对上桥载体5和一对下桥载体4形成，它们通过四个竖直的导向杆7、8、9相互连接。该机架1能够在具有两个平行的轨道2和3的轨道组件上借助于手轮6在水平平面中移动。
一对上导向板10、12和一对下导向板11、13上下地、可竖直移动地布置在所述导向杆7、8、9上。该对导向板10、12可以通过液压升降设备14、15上升或下降。相应地，该对下导向板11、13可以通过下升降设备16、17上升或下降。
为了确保所述上升和下降的同步，给导向板对配置一对通过连接杆相互连接的齿轮21，所述齿轮啮合到一对处于该设备两侧的齿杆22中并且从而允许导向板的平行调节或并联调节。
在该对上导向板10、12之间布置一上成型辊子18，其轴可自由转动地在侧面支承在所述导向板10、12中，该对下导向板11、13带有两个平行地且相互有距离地布置的下成型辊子19、20，其中，这三个成型辊子基本上以具有水平基部的三角形状布置，所述下成型辊子19、20布置在该基部中，所述下成型辊子同样可自由转动。
在图1中未示出的塑料纤维束为了引导通过本发明的设备被以两个组平行并排地引导通过第一下成型辊子19与上成型辊子18之间的间隙并且然后被引导通过上成型辊子18与第二下成型辊子20之间的间隙。上成型辊子18与下成型辊子19、20之间的竖直距离和下成型辊子19、20之间的水平距离如此调节，以至于塑料纤维束在成型辊子上走过约2-20°、优选5-6°(关于相应的成型辊子)的包容角或接触角。由此，它们以足够的压入力进入到加工在成型辊子的表面上的、环绕的U形凹部中，从而使得在它们穿过该设备时其横截面经历再成型。上成型辊子18与下成型辊子19、20之间的距离选择为如此之小，以至于上成型辊子与下成型辊子接触并且从而可以同步运行，只要塑料纤维束没有太大程度地从成型凹部突出的话。为了在塑料纤维束穿过成型辊子之间时增大其包容角，可以增大下成型辊子之间的距离并且同时减小上成型辊子与下成型辊子之间的竖直距离。
成型辊子18、19、20在端侧通过快速更换装置固定在导向板10-13中。因此，它们能够以简单的方式从所述设备中移除并且为了维护或为了替换目的进行更换。
图2和3以剖面侧视图示出上成型辊子18。下成型辊子19和20与上成型辊子基本上相同地设计。该成型辊子18实施为套筒并且在其外侧带有数个平行布置的、环绕的成型凹部。该成型辊子18通过快速更换装置24、35支承在侧面的导向板10、12中。该成型辊子18的轴实施为(特别是由塑料制成的)挤压柱体26，其中，在该成型辊子18的内壁与该挤压柱体26之间具有自由的、环绕的环形间隙29，液态介质、特别是水可以被引导通过该环形间隙以冷却该成型辊子18的外壁。
该冷却介质在端侧通过接头36和旋转联接装置34供应给该成型辊子，通过轴孔30和分配通道27引导至环形间隙29，然后穿过该环形间隙29，并且在该成型辊子的另一端侧排出。这三个成型辊子的冷却回路可以并联或串联运行。
本发明的设备可以不仅用于冷却成型辊子的表面，而且可以在替换的应用情况中用于借助于加热的水进行加热或者在需要更高温度的情况下也可以用油或相应的适当的、替换的流体运行。
上成型辊子和下成型辊子的直径优选相同，然而对于特定的情况也可以将所述直径选择为不同。对于本发明的目的适当的直径为约150mm。成型凹部中的边缘直径优选为1.8至3.5mm。
图3示出用于支承和输入及输出冷却介质的快速更换装置35的横截面图。套筒形的成型辊子18在端侧固定在轴承壳体33中，该轴承壳体通过轴承31、32可旋转地支承在空心轴37上。该空心轴37在端侧容纳在空心轴容纳部23中，该空心轴容纳部作为快速更换装置24、35的一部分放入到导向板10、12中。
该空心轴37设有液压旋转联接装置34，通过该液压旋转联接装置可以给成型辊子18输入冷却介质，该冷却介质由旋转联接装置34通过空心轴37的轴孔30和分配通道27输入到环形间隙29中并且反过来在成型辊子的另一端侧排出。因为空心轴37和挤压柱体26不可旋转，所以在旋转的轴承壳体33与不旋转的空心轴30之间设置密封装置38。
在图4中示出快速更换装置的端侧。为了将成型辊子固定在导向板中，设置两个摆动杆25、28。为了松脱成型辊子，首先将软管从中央接头36和旋转联接装置34脱联。然后必须松脱两个摆动杆25、28并且将它们摆动90°，从而使得空心轴容纳部可以在侧面轴向地从导向板中取出并且空心轴37还仅支承在载体板条39上，该载体板条固定在所述导向板10上。现在，空心轴可以向上或从侧面取出。空心轴的放入以颠倒的方式进行。载体板条29和空心轴容纳部23的通过导向板够到的载体板条40的凹形形状将空心轴在安装状态中沿径向方向固定。
本发明的主题紧凑地构成、可简单维护并且允许使得用塑料浸透的纤维束在进一步加工、特别是制粒或造粒之前以改善的圆度有效地再成型。
该设备优选还可以用图中未示出的上盖板和侧盖板完善。
附图标记列表
1 机架
2 轨道
3 轨道
4 下桥载体
5 上桥载体
6 手轮
7 导向杆
8 导向杆
9 导向杆
10 导向板
11 导向板
12 导向板
13 导向板
14 升降装置
15 升降装置
16 升降装置
17 升降装置
18 上成型辊子
19 下成型辊子
20 下成型辊子
21 齿轮
22 齿条
23 空心轴容纳部
24 快速更换装置
25 摆动杆
26 挤压柱体
27 分配通道
28 摆动杆
29 环形间隙
30 轴孔
31 轴承
32 轴承
33 轴承壳体
34 旋转联接装置
35 快速更换装置
36 接头
37 空心轴
38 密封装置
39 载体板条
40 载体件。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于对多个平行并排地通过至少一个可旋转的成型辊子(18)引导的塑料束进行横截面成型的设备，其中该成型辊子(18)在其表面上设有多个平行布置的、环绕的成型凹部，在所述成型凹部中，所述塑料束的横截面能够根据所述成型凹部的横截面形状成型，其中，所述至少一个成型辊子(18)在端侧具有旋转联接装置(34)，用于与穿过该成型辊子(18)的液态介质的输入和输出管路(36)连接，并且所述成型辊子(18)在端侧可旋转地支承在机架(1)的导向板(10，12)中，其特征在于，所述至少一个成型辊子(18)借助于快速更换装置(24，35)支承在所述导向板(10，12)中，其中所述旋转联接装置(34)在端侧关于所述快速更换装置(24，35)中央地布置；所述成型辊子(18)在所述接头(36)与所述旋转联接装置(34)分离并且移除所述快速更换装置(24，35)之后能够从所述机架(1)中取出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述塑料束在处于所述塑料束的第一侧上的两个相互跟随的成型辊子(19，20)的对与第三成型辊子(18)之间被引导，所述第三成型辊子在所述塑料束的第二侧上沿该塑料束的运行方向布置在成型辊子对的第一成型辊子(19)与第二成型辊子(20)之间，其中所述成型辊子(18，19，20)之间的距离关于塑料束的运行轨迹是可调节的。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，所述成型辊子(18-20)的表面的温度是可控的。
4.根据权利要求2所述的设备，其特征在于，第一导向板对(11，13)容纳第一成型辊子(19)和第二成型辊子(20)并且第二导向板对(10，20)承载第三成型辊子(18)。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，所述导向板(10-13)能沿着竖直的杆导向装置(7，8，9)沿竖直方向同步移动。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，所述成型辊子(18，19，20)柱形地构造有承载所述成型凹部的外空心柱体和相对于该空心柱体同轴布置的内挤压柱体(26)，其中空心柱体和挤压柱体(26)相互间具有径向距离，该径向距离形成环形间隙(29)，用于冷却或加热该空心柱体的液态介质能够被引导通过该环形间隙。
7.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其特征在于，挤压柱体(26)与空心柱体之间的环形间隙(29)在两侧与所述旋转联接装置(34)连接，通过该旋转联接装置能够将所述液态介质导入到所述环形间隙(29)中并且从该环形间隙中导出。
8.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其特征在于，所述快速更换装置(24，35)能够松脱，从而在将所述快速更换装置(24，35)的外部件移除之后能够将所述成型辊子沿径向方向从导向板对中取出。
9.根据权利要求8所述的设备，其特征在于，所述快速更换装置(24，35)分别具有液压旋转联接装置(34)，所述液压旋转联接装置固定在空心轴(37)中，该空心轴能够与相应的快速更换装置分离。
10.根据权利要求2所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备借助于手动驱动器能够沿塑料束的轨迹方向在轨道结构上移动。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，所述快速更换装置由通过导向板(10)引导的、用于固定成型辊子(18)的轴向的空心轴(37)的空心轴容纳部(23)和至少一个摆动杆(28)形成，该摆动杆将所述空心轴容纳部(23)可松脱地固定在所述导向板(10)上，其中在成型辊子(18)能够从机架(10)取出之前，所述空心轴(37)在所述空心轴容纳部(23)从所述导向板(10)移除之后在下侧靠置于布置在所述导向板(10)上的载体板条(39)上。
CN202080035801.5A 2019-05-13 2020-05-11 用于对多个平行地引导的塑料纤维束进行横截面成型的设备 Pending CN113825605A (zh)

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