CN113817699A - 转氨酶突变体及其应用 - Google Patents
转氨酶突变体及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113817699A CN113817699A CN202111146751.0A CN202111146751A CN113817699A CN 113817699 A CN113817699 A CN 113817699A CN 202111146751 A CN202111146751 A CN 202111146751A CN 113817699 A CN113817699 A CN 113817699A
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- Prior art keywords
- transaminase
- resin beads
- immobilized
- amino
- resin
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种转氨酶突变体及其应用。其中,转氨酶突变体在SEQ ID NO:1所示序列基础上发生氨基酸突变,氨基酸突变为W60Y、Y168A、V379W、V379L、V379M、C418Q及C418W的单点突变或组合突变,这些转氨酶突变体的活性、稳定性、对温度、pH及有机溶剂耐受性提高,解决了现有技术中转氨酶在极端环境中的耐受性差的问题,适用于酶工程领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及酶工程领域,具体而言,涉及一种转氨酶突变体及其应用。
背景技术
手性胺是合成许多手性药物的重要中间体,也是含氨基的光学纯药物的主要成分。神经类药物、血管药物、抗高血压药物、抗感染药物及疫苗等都是以手性胺作为中间体。转氨酶以酮类化合物为原料,通过立体选择性地转氨基作用,可以高效生产手性胺。但游离酶酶促方法在放大生产应用中存在很多问题,如酶活性低及酶用量大导致发酵成本增加;易受反应体系中有机溶剂的影响而变性失活,后处理回收产物是乳化现象严重,三废产生量大等。另外,在分离产品胺的过程中,只能通过使酶变性失活形成沉淀后除去并丢弃,无法再利用。
固定化酶的研究始于1910年,正式研究于20世纪60年代,70年代已在全世界普遍开展。酶的固定化(Immobilization of enzymes)是用固体材料将酶束缚或限制于一定区域内,仍能进行其特有的催化反应、并可回收及重复利用的一类技术。与游离酶相比,固定化酶在保持其高效专一及温和的酶催化反应特性的同时,又克服了游离酶的不足之处,呈现贮存稳定性高、分离回收容易、可多次重复使用、操作连续可控、工艺简便等一系列优点。固定化酶不仅在化学、生物学及生物工程、医学及生命科学等学科领域的研究异常活跃,得到迅速发展和广泛的应用。因此,固定化酶已经成为近代酶工程领域中主要的研究内容之一。固定化酶较高的稳定性,使其在工业生产中有广阔的前景。
使用固定化酶进行批次搅拌反应,可以实现酶的重复使用,同时可以极大地缓解后处理乳化现象并减少三废的产生。但批次搅拌反应需要进行固定化酶的回收操作,间歇性的投料会影响产能,搅拌产生的剪切力容易使酶失活,且搅拌动力消耗较大。固定化酶连续流酶促反应是将固定化酶填充至管道式反应器中,采用泵将底物以适当的流速从反应器入口注入,出口处接收产品。连续流反应设备简单,能耗低,节省人力,产能高,更适合于固定化酶的放大应用。
由于现有的底物酮(氨基受体)大多都水溶性不好,无法在纯水相中进行连续化反应。若要实现连续化反应,则需要较高的温度,或加入足够的有机助溶剂使底物溶解,但极端的温度、pH及有机溶剂等极易使转氨酶失活。因此需要对转氨酶进行改进,以改善其在高温、有机溶剂等极端环境中稳定性差而应用受限的问题。
前期,我们对转氨酶进行改造,得到能耐受45℃高温,50%高浓度有机溶剂的突变体(CN 108384767B),并通过无载体固定化(CLEA),氨基载体共价固定化等技术实现对转氨酶突变体的成功固定化,重复使用次数可达18次。为了实现填充床反应器的连续反应,使用高浓度助溶剂,即≥35%(v/v)甲醇溶液使底物完全溶解。在此高浓度有机溶剂条件下,载体固定化酶成功实现转氨酶酶促反应的连续化,保留时间600min,连续运行240h,转化率无降低。但600min的保留时间在工业应用中效率仍较低。为了提高生产力,固定化酶的活性和稳定性需进一步提高。蛋白工程技术可以在分子结构角度对酶分子进行定向改造而得到性能提高(如活性、耐受性、底物谱等的提高)的突变体。酶的固定化技术通常能提高酶的存放、使用稳定性,及对温度、pH、有机溶剂等的耐受性。最重要的是,固定化后的酶可以回收重复使用,减少酶的浪费。通常情况下,酶经固定化后,尤其是共价结合方式的固定化,酶活会降低,即酶活回收<100%,为了提高固定化酶的酶活回收,最直接有效的方法是先将游离酶进行定向改造,提高酶对较极端条件的耐受性,降低酶在共价固定化过程中的活性损失,并能进一步提高固定化酶的使用寿命。
载体固定化酶由于酶固定于载体的多孔结构中,反应中酶与底物的接触受限,传质阻力大,反应效率低。无载体固定化酶,即交联酶会提高酶和底物的接触面积和效率,从而提高反应效率。若该传质阻力相对较小的交联酶应用于连续反应,将极大提高生产力。但交联酶由于没有固体载体的支撑,强度较弱,若填充于管道中,当反应溶液流经后会产生极大的柱压,导致连续流反应无法进行。因此,开发出硬度高,机械强度好的交联酶是提高固定化酶生产力的另一个方向。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种转氨酶突变体及其应用,以进一步提高现有技术中的转氨酶在极端环境中的耐受性。
为了实现上述目的,根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种转氨酶突变体,转氨酶突变体在SEQ ID NO:1所示序列基础上发生氨基酸突变,氨基酸突变为C418Q、C418W、W60Y、Y168A、V379W、V379L、V379M、W60Y+Y168A、W60Y+V379W、W60Y+V379L、 W60Y+V379M、W60Y+C418Q、W60Y+C418W、Y168A+V379W、Y168A+V379L、 Y168A+V379M、Y168A+C418Q、Y168A+C418W、V379W+C418Q、V379W+C418W、 V379L+C418Q、V379L+C418W、V379M+C418Q、V379M+C418W、W60Y+Y168A+V379W、 W60Y+Y168A+V379L、W60Y+Y168A+V379M、W60Y+Y168A+C418Q、W60Y+Y168A+C418W、 W60Y+V379W+C418Q、W60Y+V379W+C418W、W60Y+V379L+C418Q、 W60Y+V379L+C418W、W60Y+V379M+C418Q、W60Y+V379M+C418W、 Y168A+V379W+C418Q、Y168A+V379W+C418W、Y168A+V379L+C418Q、 Y168A+V379L+C418W、Y168A+V379M+C418Q、Y168A+V379M+C418W、 W60Y+Y168A+V379W+C418Q、W60Y+Y168A+V379L+C418Q、 W60Y+Y168A+V379M+C418Q、W60Y+Y168A+V379W+C418W、 W60Y+Y168A+V379L+C418W或W60Y+Y168A+V379M+C418W;或者转氨酶突变体的氨基酸序列具有发生突变的氨基酸序列中的突变位点,且与发生突变的氨基酸序列具有85%以上同源性,同时具有转氨酶活性。
进一步地,转氨酶突变体的氨基酸序列与发生突变的氨基酸序列具有90%以上,优选为95%以上,更优选为99%以上同源性,同时具有转氨酶活性。
进一步地,该转氨酶突变体来源于Chromobacterium violaceum。
根据本申请的第二个方面,提供了一种DNA分子,该DNA分子编码上述转氨酶突变体。
根据本申请的第三个方面,提供了一种重组质粒,该重组质粒连接有上述DNA分子。
根据本申请的第四个方面,提供了一种固定化转氨酶,该固定化转氨酶包括上述转氨酶突变体。
进一步地,固定化转氨酶包括转氨酶突变体的交联固定化酶聚集体;优选地,交联固定化酶聚集体为戊二醛交联的固定化酶聚集体;优选地,交联固定化酶聚集体为与戊二醛活化的PEI交联的固定化酶聚集体;更优选地,交联固定化酶聚集体为与辅因子活化的PEI经戊二醛交联的固定化酶聚集体。
进一步地,固定化转氨酶包括转氨酶突变体与载体结合的固定化酶;优选地,载体为交联聚合物树脂球;优选地,树脂球包括但不限于大孔吸附树脂球、氨基型树脂球或环氧型树脂球;优选地,大孔吸附树脂球的基质为无官能团的聚苯乙烯;更优选地,大孔吸附树脂包括但不限于NKA9、LXEP120、AB-8、ECR8806、XAD-7(安博莱特)或D3520;优选地,氨基型树脂球为具有氨基官能团的交联聚合物树脂球;更优选地,氨基型树脂球的官能团为 C1-C4或C5-C10长度的氨基官能团;更优选地,氨基型树脂球的官能团为具有C2或C6长度碳链手臂的氨基官能团;更优选地,氨基型树脂球为聚甲基丙烯酸酯树脂球、聚苯乙烯树脂球或甲基丙烯酸酯与苯乙烯共聚物的树脂球;更优选地,氨基型树脂球包括但不限于LifetechTMECR8309、LifetechTMECR8409、或优选地,环氧型树脂球为具有环氧基官能团的聚合物树脂球;更优选地,环氧型树脂球具有C2-C8长度碳链手臂的环氧基官能团;更优选地,环氧型树脂球包括但不限于具有环氧基官能团的聚甲基丙烯酸酯树脂、聚苯乙烯树脂或甲基丙烯酸酯与苯乙烯共聚物的树脂球;更优选地,环氧型树脂球包括但不限于或LifetechTMECR8285。
进一步地,固定化转氨酶包括转氨酶突变体与金属亲和吸附型载体亲和吸附的亲和载体固定化酶;优选地,载体为聚甲基丙烯酸基质的树脂球;更优选地,树脂球以NTA或IDA作为螯合金属离子的配基;更优选地,树脂球在末端螯合金属离子配基;进一步优选地,金属离子配基包括但不限于Ni2+、Co2+、Cu2+或Fe3+;进一步优选地,树脂球包括但不限于IMAC-Ni 或MIDA-Ni;进一步优选地,树脂球包括但不限于Bio-Rad ProfinityTMIMACResin、Purolite ChromaliteTMMIDA/M/Ni、Purolite ChromaliteTMMIDA/M/Co、PuroliteChromaliteTM MIDA/M/Cu或Purolite ChromaliteTMMIDA/M/Fe。
根据本申请的第五个方面,提供了一种转氨酶生产手性胺的方法,包括采用转氨酶对酮类化合物及氨基供体进行催化转氨基反应的步骤,转氨酶为上述转氨酶突变体或固定化转氨酶。
进一步地,该方法为批次反应或连续反应;优选地,批次反应或连续反应是在水相或有机相中进行反应;优选地,在水相中进行反应的条件为在水溶液中加入占总体系体积小于等于70%的与水互溶的有机溶剂作为助溶剂进行催化反应;进一步地,有机溶剂为甲醇、乙醇或二甲基亚砜;优选地,在有机相中进行反应的条件为在的与水不互溶的水饱和有机溶剂中进行催化反应,进一步地,在水饱和的甲基叔丁基醚溶液或水饱和乙酸异丙酯溶液中进行催化反应;优选地,固定化转氨酶为上述固定化转氨酶,固定化转氨酶通过填充于管道中实现填充床连续反应。优选地,固定化酶的连续使用时长不少于400小时;优选地,固定化酶的时空产率为3.6~7.2mol/L/天。
进一步地,上述酮类化合物为其中,R1和R2各自独立地为C1~C8烷基、C5~ C10环烷基或C6~C10芳基,或者R1和R2与羰基上的碳共同形成C5~C10杂环基或C5~C10碳环基,C5~C10杂环基中的杂原子各自独立地选自氮、氧和硫中的至少一种,C6~C10芳基中的芳基、C5~C10碳环基中的碳环基或C5~C10杂环基中的杂环基各自独立地未被取代或被卤素、烷氧基或烷基中的至少一个基团所取代;优选地,R1和R2各自独立地为C5~C10 杂环烷烃,C5~C10杂环烷烃中的杂原子各自独立地选自氮、氧和硫中的至少一种,C5~C10杂环烷烃的碳环基未被取代或被卤素、烷氧基或烷基中的至少一个基团所取代;优选地,酮类化合物可以为其中转氨基反应的产物为
根据本申请的第六个方面,提供了一种固定化转氨酶的生产方法,该生产方法包括:将转氨酶突变体进行固定化的步骤,其中,转氨酶突变体为上述转氨酶突变体。
进一步地,该生产方法中将转氨酶突变体进行固定化的步骤包括:将转氨酶突变体进行交联固定形成固定化酶聚集体;优选地,将转氨酶突变体进行交联固定形成固定化酶聚集体包括:将经沉淀剂沉淀的酶与戊二醛进行交联,形成固定化酶聚集体;或者将经沉淀剂沉淀的酶与戊二醛活化的PEI交联,形成固定化酶聚集体;或者将转氨酶突变体与辅因子活化的 PEI经戊二醛交联,形成固定化酶聚集体。
进一步地,该生产方法中将转氨酶突变体进行固定化的步骤包括:将转氨酶突变体与载体连接形成固定化酶;优选地,载体为交联聚合物树脂球;优选地,树脂球包括大孔吸附树脂球、氨基型树脂球或环氧型树脂球;优选地,大孔吸附树脂球的基质为无官能团的聚苯乙烯;更优选地,大孔吸附树脂球包括但不限于NKA9、LXEP120、AB-8、ECR8806、XAD-7或D3520;优选地,氨基型树脂球为具有氨基官能团的交联聚合物树脂球;更优选地,氨基型树脂球的官能团为具有C2或C6长度碳链手臂的氨基官能团;更优选地,氨基型树脂球包括聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯树脂或甲基丙烯酸酯与苯乙烯共聚物的树脂球;更优选地,氨基型树脂球包括LifetechTMECR8309、LifetechTMECR8409、或更优选地,环氧型树脂球为具有环氧基官能团的聚合物树脂球;更优选地,环氧型树脂球具有C2-C8长度手臂的环氧基官能团;更优选地,环氧型树脂球包括具有环氧基官能团的聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯树脂或甲基丙烯酸酯与苯乙烯共聚物的树脂;更优选地,环氧型树脂球包括或LifetechTMECR8285。
进一步地,该生产方法中将转氨酶突变体进行固定化的步骤包括:将转氨酶突变体与载体通过亲和吸附形成亲和固定化酶;优选地,将转氨酶突变体与载体共孵育,得到亲和固定化酶;优选地,转氨酶突变体具有多个His-标签;优选地,载体为聚甲基丙烯酸基质的树脂球;更优选地,树脂球包含NTA或IDA配基;更优选地,树脂球在末端螯合金属离子配基;进一步优选地,金属离子配基包括Ni2+、Co2+、Cu2+或Fe3+;进一步优选地,载体包括IMAC-Ni 或MIDA-Ni;进一步优选地,载体包括Bio-Rad ProfinityTMIMAC Resin、PuroliteChromaliteTM MIDA/M/Ni、Purolite ChromaliteTMMIDA/M/Co、PuroliteChromaliteTMMIDA/M/Cu或Purolite ChromaliteTMMIDA/M/Fe。
应用本发明的技术方案,通过定向进化筛选得到的活性、稳定性、对温度、pH及有机溶剂耐受性提高的突变体,不仅降低生产应用中的用酶量,而且大大提高了制备成各种固定化酶的可能性。通过对上述定向进化后的转氨酶进行固定化(自身交联或与载体共价结合),实现固定化转氨酶在水相反应和有机相反应的应用,使酶与反应体系易于分离,并减少反应后处理过程中因残留酶蛋白而造成的乳化现象,同时固定化转氨酶突变体能够耐受各种极端环境,活性损失小,重复利用次数高,时空产率高,适合进行工业化的连续化转氨反应。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
名词解释:
固定化酶:是指在一定的空间范围内,其催化作用能反复和连续使用的酶。通常酶催化反应都是在水溶液中进行的,而固定化酶是将水溶性酶用物理或化学方法处理,使之成为不溶于水的,但仍具有酶活性的状态。酶固定化之后,一般稳定性增加,易从反应体系中分离,易于控制,能多次使用,便于运输和储存,有利于自动化生产,但活性降低,使用范围减小。
定点突变(site-directed mutagenesis或site-specific mutagenesis)是指在目的DNA片段的指定位点上引入特定的碱基对的方法。通过改变基因特定位点核苷酸序列来改变所编码的氨基酸序列,常用于研究某个(些)氨基酸残基对蛋白质结构和功能的影响。在酶的理性设计中,采用定点突变方法可筛选得到催化活性、底物特异性和/或稳定性提高的突变酶。
饱和突变是通过对目的蛋白的编码基因进行改造,短时间内获取靶位点氨基酸分别被其它19种氨基酸替代的突变体的一种方法。此方法不仅是蛋白质定向改造的强有力工具,而且是蛋白质结构-功能关系研究的重要手段。饱和突变往往能获得比单点突变更为理想的进化体。而对于定点突变方法不能解决的这些问题,恰恰是饱和突变方法所擅长的独特之处。
活力回收是指固定化酶的总活力与用于固定化的酶的总活力之比。将酶进行固定化时,总有一些酶没有与载体结合在一起,测定酶的活力回收可以确定固定化的效果,一般情况下活力回收小于1。
时空产率(space-time yield,STY),指单位体积或单位面积的设备在单位时间内得到目的产物的数量(或投入的原料量)。
以下将结合实验对本申请的技术方案和技术效果进行说明。
一、对提高酶活性和温度、pH、有机试剂耐受性的突变体的筛选
本方案以TA-Cv-1(R416T+T7C+S47C+R405E+K90G+A95P+K304D+Q380L+I297L,CN108384767B,序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示)为模板,通过定向进化的方法进一步提高TA-Cv-1的活力,温度、有机溶剂耐受性,使其固定化后更好地应用于催化反应。
SEQ ID NO:1的序列如下:
MQKQRTCSQWRELDAAHHLHPFTDTASLNQAGARVMTRGEGVYLWDCEGNKIIDGM AGLWCVNVGYGRKDFAEAARRQMEELPFYNTFFGTTHPPVVELSSLLAEVTPAGFDRVFYT NSGSESVDTMIRMVRRYWDVQGKPEKKTLIGRWNGYHGSTIGGASLGGMKYMHEQGDLPI PGMAHIEQPWWYKHGKDMTPDEFGVVAARWLEEKILEIGADKVAAFVGEPIQGAGGVIVPP ATYWPEIERICRKYDVLLVADEVICGFGRTGEWFGHQHFGFQPDLFTAAKGLSSGYLPLGAV FVGDRVAEGLIAGGDFNHGFTYSGHPVCAAVAHANVAALRDEGIVQRVKDDIGPYMQKRW RETFSRFEHVDDVRGVGMVLAFTLVKNKAKRELFPDFGEIGTLCEDIFFRNNLIMTACGDHI VSAPPLVMTRAEVDEMLAVAERCLEEFEQTLKARGLA。
以TA-Cv-1为模版,设计定点突变引物对8个位点进行定点突变(F22M、M56A、M56G、M56G、W60Y、F89V、Y168A、I262L、V423L、V423I、V379W、418W)。经蛋白结构分析,位点V379和C418是提高酶稳定性的关键位点,着重对这2个位点进行饱和突变,饱和突变引物序列见下表1。
表1.饱和突变引物
通过全质粒PCR获得完整的线性片段,将上述PCR产物经DpnⅠ消化除去出发基因的母本模版后,转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,涂布于含有50μg/ml氨苄青霉素的LB培养皿中,37℃培养过夜。定点突变采用基因测序确定突变位点,饱和突变通过高通量筛选后再基因测序确定突变位点利用定点突变手段,以pET-22b(+)为表达载体,获得带有目的基因的突变质粒。将突变质粒转化至大肠杆菌细胞内,转氨酶诱导表达最佳条件:25℃,0.1mM IPTG诱导过夜。通过超声破碎细胞的方法获得粗酶。
将突变菌株表达的酶液在50-60℃,pH 10,50%~70%DMSO或40%MeOH的较极端环境下处理1h后,加入底物1(N-Boc-3-哌啶酮)或底物2(N-Cbz-3-吡咯烷酮),继续在此条件下反应16h后检测转化率,以此方式筛选出温度、pH及有机溶剂耐受性增强的突变体。突变位点在W60Y、Y168A、V379W、V379L、V379M、C418Q、C418W的突变体,对50℃, pH 10,50%DMSO环境的耐受性较母本提高1.05~1.2倍。对60℃,pH 10,60%DMSO环境的耐受性较母本提高1.3倍~2.5倍。对60℃,pH 10,70%DMSO环境的耐受性较母本提高 3.3倍~4.2倍,对60℃,pH 10,40%MeOH环境的耐受性较母本提高2.7倍~4倍。
为进一步进化出稳定性和耐受性更好的酶,本研究将这些对转氨酶稳定性和耐受性有正向作用的位点进行多点组合突变,通过定向筛选的方法获得稳定性和耐受性进一步提高的多点突变体。进行组合突变的突变位点示例如下:W60Y+Y168A、W60Y+V379W、W60Y+V379L、 W60Y+V379M、W60Y+C418Q、W60Y+C418W、Y168A+V379W、Y168A+V379L、 Y168A+V379M、Y168A+C418Q、Y168A+C418W、V379W+C418Q、V379W+C418W、 V379L+C418Q、V379L+C418W、V379M+C418Q、V379M+C418W、W60Y+Y168A+V379W、 W60Y+Y168A+V379L、W60Y+Y168A+V379M、W60Y+Y168A+C418Q、W60Y+Y168A+C418W、 W60Y+V379W+C418Q、W60Y+V379W+C418W、W60Y+V379L+C418Q、 W60Y+V379L+C418W、W60Y+V379M+C418Q、W60Y+V379M+C418W、 Y168A+V379W+C418Q、Y168A+V379W+C418W、Y168A+V379L+C418Q、 Y168A+V379L+C418W、Y168A+V379M+C418Q、Y168A+V379M+C418W、 W60Y+Y168A+V379W+C418Q、W60Y+Y168A+V379L+C418Q、 W60Y+Y168A+V379M+C418Q、W60Y+Y168A+V379W+C418W、 W60Y+Y168A+V379L+C418W或W60Y+Y168A+V379M+C418W。
本申请的突变体还可以是具有上述突变位点且与发生突变的氨基酸序列具有85%以上(优选为90%以上,或95%以上,或99%以上,或99.95%以上,或者甚至99.99%以上)同源性的突变体,同时具有转氨酶活性。更优选地,这些突变体均来源于Chromobacterium violaceum且具有转氨酶活性。
将突变质粒转化至大肠杆菌细胞内,转氨酶诱导表达最佳条件:25℃,0.1mM IPTG诱导过夜。通过超声破碎细胞的方法获得粗酶。
在更极端的条件下,如70℃,pH 10,含45%MeOH的环境下将酶液处理1h后,加入底物1,继续在此条件下反应16h,检测转化率。组合突变在该条件下处理后,活性比母本提高2-6倍。
二、转氨酶交联酶聚集体(CLEAs)的制备
进行交联法固定化的转氨酶选自(母本TA-Cv-1,以及在该母本基础上得到的突变体 C418Q+V379L,C418Q+V379M),制备酶液的缓冲液中含有0.4-1mg/mL的PLP,酶液pH为7.0-8.0。制备酶蛋白沉淀所用沉淀剂为乙醇,硫酸铵,乙腈。制备酶蛋白的交联聚集体,所用交联剂为25%戊二醛溶液或经聚乙烯亚胺处理后的戊二醛(CN 111235140 B),戊二醛终浓度为100mM-500mM。制备的交联酶聚集体,可以直接使用过滤得到的含水交联酶在水相进行催化反应,或将含水的交联酶冻干得到干粉后再应用,冻干粉还可以应用于有机溶剂相中的反应。
交联酶聚集体活力回收可达80%以上。交联酶聚集体使用一次后,可以通过离心或过滤等方式回收后再使用,在活力损失<5%的范围内统计重复使用次数,突变体的交联酶聚集体在水相反应中应用,可重复使用9-30次,活性损失<5%,在100%有机相溶剂中反应,可重复使用19-35次。
该转氨酶交联酶聚集体,活性、稳定性和机械强度较现有技术有所提高,可以用于填充床连续反应尤其无载体固定化。
三、转氨酶的固定化方法及活性
1.转氨酶的吸附固定化方法
本研究吸附固定化方法所用树脂载体,为大孔吸附树脂载体。表2所列为本研究中吸附固定化方法所用的载体信息。
表2.吸附固定化载体名称、基质、官能团及种类
本研究进行共价结合法固定化的转氨酶选自(突变体W60Y、C418Q、C418Q+V379L、C418Q+V379M)吸附固定化,直接将酶液与载体混合,20℃,80 rpm低速搅拌过夜,过滤收集沉淀,沉淀用缓冲液润洗。
2.转氨酶的共价固定化方法
本研究共价固定化方法所用树脂载体,包括氨基型载体和环氧型载体。表3所列为本研究中共价固定化方法所用的载体信息。
表3.共价固定化载体名称、基质、官能团及种类
载体名称 | 基质 | 官能团 | 种类 |
ECR8309 | 聚甲基丙烯酸酯 | 短链氨基(C 2) | 氨基型载体 |
ECR8409 | 聚甲基丙烯酸酯 | 长链氨基(C 6) | 氨基型载体 |
ECR8285 | 聚甲基丙烯酸酯 | 环氧基 | 环氧型载体 |
LX1000HA | 聚甲基丙烯酸酯 | 长链氨基(C 6) | 氨基型载体 |
LX1000HFA | 聚甲基丙烯酸酯 | 氨基环氧 | 环氧型载体 |
上述氨基型载体包括但不限于漂莱特(Purolite)的LifetechTMECR8309、LifetechTMECR8409、蓝晓科技的或环氧型载体包括但不限于蓝晓科技的或漂莱特的LifetechTMECR8285。
本研究将转氨酶与具有环氧基官能团的树脂直接通过共价键结合,与经戊二醛活化后的具有短链或长链氨基官能团的树脂通过共价键结合。
本研究进行共价结合法固定化的转氨酶选自(母本TA-Cv-1、突变体W60Y、C418Q、C418Q+V379L、C418Q+V379M),制备酶液所用的缓冲液中含有0.4-1 mg/mL的PLP,缓冲液pH为7.0-8.0,缓冲盐为PB缓冲液、Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4,Tris-Cl或硼酸-氢氧化钠。
共价固定化至氨基型载体,首先将载体用戊二醛活化,再加入酶液,20℃孵育过夜,过滤收集沉淀,沉淀用缓冲液润洗。
共价固定化至环氧基型载体,直接将酶液与载体混合,20℃孵育过夜,随后静置20h,过滤收集沉淀,沉淀用缓冲液润洗。
3.转氨酶的亲和固定化方法
本研究亲和固定化方法所用载体,是经聚合物薄膜修饰,且在末端螯合金属离子的树脂。螯合的金属离子包括但不限于为Ni2+,Co2+,Fe3+。表4所列为本研究中亲和固定化方法所用的载体信息。
表4.亲和固定化载体名称及螯合金属离子
载体名称 | 螯合金属离子 |
IMAC-Ni | Ni<sup>2+</sup> |
MIDA-Ni | Ni<sup>2+</sup> |
上述IMAC-Ni载体包括但不限于伯乐(Bio-Rad)的ProfinityTMIMAC Resin(https://www.bio-rad.com/zh-cn/product/profinity-imac-resin?ID=e54ab03c-d281-4e6b-aa0d-193b 7737626d);MIDA-Ni载体包括但不限于漂莱特的ChromaliteTMMIDA/M/Ni、MIDA/M/Co、 MIDA/M/Cu、MIDA/M/Fe(https://www.purolite.com/ls-product/spectrachrom-kit)。
本研究进行亲和结合法固定化的转氨酶选自(母本TA-Cv-1、突变体W60Y、C418Q、C418Q+V379L、C418Q+V379M)。向载体中加入5mL含0.4mg/mL PLP的磷酸二氢钠-磷酸氢二钠缓冲液(50mM,pH7.0),同时加入0.1g酶,20℃,80rpm低速搅拌40-60min。去上清,沉淀用缓冲液清洗3-4遍。
制备得到的固定化酶可以通过氮气吹干,真空干燥,冷冻干燥等方式进行干燥处理。
4.固定化转氨酶的活性
本研究将转氨酶以共价结合或亲和吸附的方式固定化至上述载体,固定化至短链氨基型载体,活力回收为50%-95%;固定化至长链氨基型载体,活力回收为90%-100%;固定化至环氧基型载体,活力回收为80%-100%。固定化至亲和载体,活力回收90%~100%。固定化至吸附载体,在有机相反应中验活,活力回收>100%。
固定化酶经过滤或注射器吸出液体等方式回收,可重复使用,在活力损失<5%的范围内统计重复使用次数,固定化至短链氨基型载体,某些酶可以重复使用18次;固定化至长链氨基型载体,对于某些突变体的酶,重复使用次数可达25次;固定化至环氧基型载体,某些酶可以重复使用20次。固定化至亲和载体,可重复使用7-20次,在100%有机溶剂中可以发挥催化作用,重复使用10-20次,活性损失<5%。固定化至吸附载体,在100%有机溶剂中反应,可重复使用9-20次。
下面将结合具体的实施例来进一步说明本申请的有益效果。
实施例一:突变体50℃,pH10,50%DMSO耐受性检测
粗酶在50℃,pH10,DMSO浓度为50%的环境下处理1h,然后在10mL的反应瓶中,加入0.1g底物2,并加入4eq异丙胺盐酸盐和0.6-1mgPLP(5’-磷酸吡哆醛),再加入经上述处理后的酶4mg,在50℃,pH10,DMSO浓度为50%的环境恒温搅拌16h。体系经HPLC检测转化率,突变体反应数据如下表5。
表5:
实施例二:突变体60℃,pH10,60%DMSO耐受性检测
将粗酶在60℃,pH 10,60%DMSO浓度的环境下处理1h,然后在10mL的反应瓶中,加入0.1g底物2,并加入4eq异丙胺盐酸盐和0.6mg PLP(5’-磷酸吡哆醛),再加入经上述处理后的酶5mg,继续在60℃,pH10,60%MeOH浓度的环境恒温搅拌16h。体系经HPLC 检测转化率,突变体反应数据如下表6。
表6:
突变位点 | 转化率(%) |
母本(TA-Cv-1) | 34.4 |
W60Y | 84.3 |
Y168A | 44.6 |
V379W | 85.8 |
V379L | 77.9 |
V379M | 83.1 |
C418Q | 69.0 |
C418W | 75.2 |
实施例三:突变体60℃,pH10,70%DMSO耐受性检测
将粗酶在60℃,pH10,70%DMSO浓度的环境下处理1h,然后在10mL的反应瓶中,加入0.1g底物2,并加入4eq异丙胺盐酸盐和0.6-1mgPLP(5’-磷酸吡哆醛),再加入经上述处理后的酶10mg,继续在60℃,pH10,70%DMSO浓度的环境恒温搅拌16h。体系经HPLC 检测转化率,突变体反应数据如下表7。
表7:
实施例四:突变体60℃,pH10,40%甲醇耐受性检测
将粗酶在60℃,pH10,40%MeOH浓度的环境下处理1h,然后在10mL的反应瓶中,加入0.1g底物1,并加入4eq异丙胺盐酸盐和0.6-1mgPLP(5’-磷酸吡哆醛),再加入经上述处理后的酶10mg,继续在60℃,pH10,40%MeOH浓度的环境恒温搅拌16h。体系经HPLC 检测转化率,突变体反应数据如下表8。
表8:
突变位点 | 转化率(%) |
母本(TA-Cv-1) | 18.7 |
W60Y | 59.9 |
Y168A | 65.4 |
V379W | 50.5 |
V379L | 74.2 |
V379M | 61.3 |
C418Q | 74.4 |
C418W | 71.1 |
实施例五:突变体70℃,pH10,45%甲醇耐受性检测
将粗酶在70℃,pH 10,45%MeOH浓度的环境下处理1h,然后在10mL的反应瓶中,加入0.1g底物1,并加入4eq异丙胺盐酸盐和0.6-1mgPLP(5’-磷酸吡哆醛),再加入经上述处理后的酶10mg,继续在70℃,pH 10,45%MeOH浓度的环境恒温搅拌16h。体系经HPLC 检测转化率,突变体反应数据如下表9。
表9:
突变位点 | 转化率(%) |
母本(TA-Cv-1) | 8.7 |
W60Y | 26.9 |
Y168A | 18.1 |
V379W | 29.4 |
V379L | 39.6 |
V379M | 48.2 |
C418Q | 43.3 |
C418W | 34.7 |
C418Q+V379L | 50.9 |
C418Q+V379M | 52.2 |
实施例六:交联固定化
0.1g酶粉用2mL磷酸缓冲液(0.1M PB,pH 7.0-8.0,含0.4-1mg/mL PLP(5’-磷酸吡哆醛))溶解,冰水浴搅拌下缓慢加入10mL乙醇,或7mL乙腈,或PEG6000固体(终浓度20-60%) 或硫酸铵(终浓度40~70%)作为沉淀剂,加毕,搅拌40-60min后,再加入25%戊二醛溶液 (终浓度100-500mM),冰水浴搅拌30-40min后离心或过滤,沉淀用磷酸缓冲液洗3次后, 4℃保存,可直接应用于水相反应。或将交联酶聚集体冻干,冻干后得到的交联酶聚集体冻干粉可在水相和有机相反应中应用。
实施例七:戊二醛活化的PEI交联固定化酶聚集体的制备(GA:Glutaraldehyde,PEI: Polyethylene imine,GP:GA activated PEI,戊二醛活化的PEI)
活化PEI溶液的制备(GP):100mL水溶液中加入2g戊二醛和4g PEI(3-70KDa),pH8.0,搅拌3h。
固定化:10mL酶(酶蛋白含量为100-200mg/mL,相应地包含1-5mg/mL辅因子)置于圆底摇瓶中,冷却至5~10℃后,混合10min。缓慢加入沉淀剂如硫酸铵(40%~70%)、乙醇(50%~90%)或PEG(20%~60%),混合30-60min,得到沉淀酶。向沉淀酶中滴加15mL活化PEI溶液,混合10-30min,静置1-2h后离心。收集不溶性沉淀物,并过30目筛。用0.1M PB(pH7.5)冲洗。
实施例八:辅因子活化的PEI交联固定化酶聚集体的制备
辅因子活化的PEI溶液制备:PEI(Mw=3-70KDa)用水稀释至PEI的终浓度为1g/mL~2 g/mL,pH值为7.0~11.0。根据酶的需要,向PEI溶液中添加1-5mg/mL辅因子PLP,室温下混合30-60min。
固定化:在4-10℃下,将7.5mL辅因子活化的PEI溶液滴加到5mL of酶液中(酶蛋白含量30-80mg/mL,相应地也包含辅因子),混合30-60min后,加入交联剂戊二醛或者PEG 修饰的戊二醛,并使得戊二醛终浓度为0.2-1g/mL。混合30-60min后,离心并收集不溶性沉淀物,然后过30目筛。再用0.1M PB(pH 7.0-8.0)冲洗。
实施例九:交联酶聚集体水相反应验活
在10mL的反应瓶中,加入4eq异丙胺盐酸盐和0.5mg PLP(5’-磷酸吡哆醛),补加0.1M PB7.0至反应液终体积为1mL,再加入3mg酶或由3mg酶制备的交联酶聚集体湿酶或交联酶聚集体,在45℃搅拌16h。体系经HPLC检测转化率,反应数据如下表10。
表10:
实施例十:交联酶有机相反应验活
10mL的反应瓶中,加入1mL水饱和甲基叔丁基醚,再加入100mg底物1及4eq异丙胺,然后加入由100mg酶粉制备的交联酶聚集体冻干粉,30℃搅拌16h。体系经HPLC检测转化率,反应数据如下表11。
表11:
实施例十一:转氨酶吸附固定化方法
向载体中入4mL含0.4mg/mL PLP的PB缓冲液(100mM,pH 7.0),同时加入0.1g酶,20℃,80rpm低速搅拌过夜。去上清,沉淀用缓冲液清洗3-4遍,去上清,沉淀用氮气吹干,或冷冻干燥法干燥,4℃保存。
实施例十二:转氨酶吸附固定化酶有机相反应验活
在10mL的反应瓶中,加入1mL水饱和甲基叔丁基醚,再加入100mg底物1及4eq异丙胺,然后加入由50mg酶制备的固定化转氨酶,30℃搅拌16h。体系经HPLC检测转化率,反应数据如下表12。
表12:
与交联酶和载体共价固定化酶相比,吸附固定化酶活力回收高,在有机相反应,活性和稳定性更高。
实施例十三:氨基型载体固定化转氨酶
活化载体:1g载体用20mM低离子强度的缓冲液清洗1-2遍,除去上清液,加入4mL2%戊二醛(由20mM低离子强度的缓冲液稀释试剂级25%戊二醛配制),20℃,80rpm活化1h,用20mM的缓冲液清洗1-2遍,去上清。
固定化:向活化好的载体中入4mL含0.4mg/mL PLP的PB缓冲液(20mM,pH 7.0),同时加入0.1~0.2g酶,20℃,80rpm低速搅拌过夜。去上清,沉淀用缓冲液清洗3-4遍,去上清,沉淀用氮气吹干,或冷冻干燥法干燥,4℃保存。
实施例十四:环氧基型载体固定化转氨酶
1g载体用100mM PB缓冲液清洗1-2遍,除去清液,加入4mL Buffer(100mM PB,pH7.0,含1M NaCl),同时加入0.1g~0.2g酶,20℃,80rpm低速搅拌过夜(18-20h),再于 4℃静置20h。去上清,沉淀用Buffer清洗3-4遍,用氮气吹干,4℃保存
实施例十五:共价固定化转氨酶水相反应验活
在10mL的反应瓶中,加入0.5mL DMSO(DMSO终浓度为50%),溶解0.1g底物1,并加入4eq异丙胺盐酸盐和1.0mg PLP(5’-磷酸吡哆醛),补加0.1M PB 7.0至反应液终体积为1mL,再加入3mg酶或由3mg酶制备的固定化转氨酶,在45℃搅拌16h。体系经HPLC 检测转化率,反应数据如下表13。
表13:
实施例十六:共价固定化转氨酶35%~45%甲醇水溶液中反应验活
在10mL的反应瓶中,加入0.35~0.45mL甲醇,溶解0.1g底物1,并加入4eq异丙胺盐酸盐和1.0mg PLP(5’-磷酸吡哆醛),补加0.1M PB 7.0至反应液终体积为1mL,再加入 10mg酶或由10mg酶制备的固定化转氨酶,在30℃搅拌16h。体系经HPLC检测转化率,反应数据如下表14。
表14:
实施例十七:共价固定化转氨酶有机相反应验活
在10mL的反应瓶中,加入1mL水饱和乙酸异丙酯,再加入100mg底物1及4eq异丙胺,然后加入100mg酶制备的固定化转氨酶,30℃搅拌16h。体系经HPLC检测转化率,反应数据如下表15。
表15:
实施例十八:亲和载体固定化
向载体中入5mL含0.4mg/mLPLP的PB缓冲液(50mM,pH7.0),同时加入0.1g酶, 20℃,80rpm低速搅拌过夜。去上清,沉淀用缓冲液清洗3-4遍,去上清,沉淀用氮气吹干,或冷冻干燥法干燥,4℃保存。
实施例十九:亲和固定化酶水相反应验活
在10mL的反应瓶中,加入0.6mL DMSO(DMSO终浓度为60%),溶解0.1g底物1,并加入4eq异丙胺盐酸盐和1.0mg PLP(5’-磷酸吡哆醛),补加0.1M PB 7.0至反应液终体积为1mL,再加入10mg酶或由10mg酶制备的固定化转氨酶,在30℃搅拌16h。体系经HPLC 检测转化率,反应数据如下表16:
表16:
实施例二十:亲和固定化转氨酶有机相反应验活
在10mL的反应瓶中,加入1mL水饱和甲基叔丁基醚,再加入100mg底物1及4eq异丙胺,然后加入100mg酶制备的固定化转氨酶,30℃搅拌16h。体系经HPLC检测转化率,反应数据如下表17。
表17:
实施例二十一:固定化酶转氨酶填充床连续反应
382g突变体C418Q+V379M固定化至LX1000HA载体的固定化酶填充至反应器中,柱体积(CV)750mL,用柱塞泵将2CV缓冲液(0.1M的PB7.0,含5mg/mL PLP,2M异丙胺盐酸盐)注入填充床中。将配制的反应液(0.5M底物1,2M异丙胺盐酸盐,5mg/mL PLP, 40%MeOH)用柱塞泵注入填充床,37℃水浴,保留时间约200min,转化率>98%,STY(时空产率)达3.6mol/L/day。连续操作400h,转化率无降低。
实施例二十二:戊二醛活化的PEI交联固定化酶填充床连续反应
76g突变体C418Q+V379M固定化至LX1000HA载体的固定化酶填充至反应器中,柱体积(CV)150mL,用柱塞泵将2CV缓冲液(0.1M的PB7.0,含5mg/mL PLP,2M异丙胺盐酸盐)注入填充床中。将配制的反应液(0.5M底物1,2M异丙胺盐酸盐,5mg/mL PLP, 40%MeOH)用柱塞泵注入填充床,37℃水浴,保留时间约100min,转化率>98%,STY(时空产率)达7.3mol/L/day。连续操作400h,转化率无降低。
从以上的描述中,可以看出,本发明上述的实施例实现了如下技术效果:通过定向进化筛选得到的活性、稳定性、对温度、pH及有机溶剂耐受性提高的突变体,不仅降低生产应用中的用酶量,而且大大提高了制备成各种固定化酶的可能性。而且,本申请通过上述定向进化后的转氨酶进行固定化(自身交联或与载体共价结合),实现固定化转氨酶在水相反应和有机相反应的应用,使酶与反应体系易于分离,并减少反应后处理过程中因残留酶蛋白而造成的乳化现象,同时固定化转氨酶突变体能够耐受各种极端环境,活性损失小,重复利用次数高,从而实现了底物1和底物2的连续化转氨反应。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
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Claims (14)
1.一种转氨酶突变体,其特征在于,所述转氨酶突变体在SEQ ID NO:1所示序列基础上发生氨基酸突变,所述氨基酸突变为C418Q、C418W、W60Y、Y168A、V379W、V379L、V379M、W60Y+Y168A、W60Y+V379W、W60Y+V379L、W60Y+V379M、W60Y+C418Q、W60Y+C418W、Y168A+V379W、Y168A+V379L、Y168A+V379M、Y168A+C418Q、Y168A+C418W、V379W+C418Q、V379W+C418W、V379L+C418Q、V379L+C418W、V379M+C418Q、V379M+C418W、W60Y+Y168A+V379W、W60Y+Y168A+V379L、W60Y+Y168A+V379M、W60Y+Y168A+C418Q、W60Y+Y168A+C418W、W60Y+V379W+C418Q、W60Y+V379W+C418W、W60Y+V379L+C418Q、W60Y+V379L+C418W、W60Y+V379M+C418Q、W60Y+V379M+C418W、Y168A+V379W+C418Q、Y168A+V379W+C418W、Y168A+V379L+C418Q、Y168A+V379L+C418W、Y168A+V379M+C418Q、Y168A+V379M+C418W、W60Y+Y168A+V379W+C418Q、W60Y+Y168A+V379L+C418Q、W60Y+Y168A+V379M+C418Q、W60Y+Y168A+V379W+C418W、W60Y+Y168A+V379L+C418W或W60Y+Y168A+V379M+C418W。
2.一种DNA分子,其特征在于,所述DNA分子编码权利要求1所述的转氨酶突变体。
3.一种重组质粒,其特征在于,所述重组质粒连接有权利要求2所述的DNA分子。
4.一种固定化转氨酶,其特征在于,所述固定化转氨酶包括权利要求1所述的转氨酶突变体。
5.根据权利要求4所述的固定化转氨酶,其特征在于,所述固定化转氨酶为所述转氨酶突变体的交联固定化酶聚集体;
优选地,所述交联固定化酶聚集体为戊二醛交联的固定化酶聚集体;
优选地,所述交联固定化酶聚集体为与戊二醛活化的PEI交联的固定化酶聚集体;
更优选地,所述交联固定化酶聚集体为与辅因子活化的PEI经戊二醛交联的固定化酶聚集体。
6.根据权利要求4所述的固定化转氨酶,其特征在于,所述固定化转氨酶为所述转氨酶突变体与载体结合的固定化酶;
优选地,所述载体为交联聚合物树脂球;
优选地,所述树脂球包括大孔吸附树脂球、氨基型树脂球或环氧型树脂球;
优选地,所述大孔吸附树脂球的基质为无官能团的聚苯乙烯;
更优选地,所述大孔吸附树脂包括NKA9、LXEP120、AB-8、ECR8806、XAD-7或D3520;
优选地,所述氨基型树脂球为具有氨基官能团的交联聚合物树脂球;
更优选地,所述氨基型树脂球的官能团为C1-C4或C5-C10长度的氨基官能团;
更优选地,所述氨基型树脂球的官能团为具有C2或C6长度碳链手臂的氨基官能团;
更优选地,所述氨基型树脂球为聚甲基丙烯酸酯树脂球、聚苯乙烯树脂球或甲基丙烯酸酯与苯乙烯共聚物的树脂球;
优选地,所述环氧型树脂球为具有环氧基官能团的聚合物树脂球;
更优选地,所述环氧型树脂球具有C2-C8长度碳链手臂的环氧基官能团;
更优选地,所述环氧型树脂球为具有环氧基官能团的聚甲基丙烯酸酯树脂、聚苯乙烯树脂或甲基丙烯酸酯与苯乙烯共聚物的树脂球;
7.根据权利要求4所述的固定化转氨酶,其特征在于,所述固定化转氨酶为所述转氨酶突变体与金属亲和吸附型载体亲和吸附的亲和载体固定化酶;
优选地,所述载体为聚甲基丙烯酸基质的树脂球;
更优选地,所述树脂球以NTA或IDA作为螯合金属离子的配基;
更优选地,所述树脂球在末端螯合金属离子配基;
进一步优选地,所述金属离子配基包括Ni2+、Co2+、Cu2+或Fe3+;
进一步优选地,所述树脂球包括IMAC-Ni或MIDA-Ni;
进一步优选地,所述树脂球包括Bio-Rad ProfinityTM IMAC Resin、PuroliteChromaliteTM MIDA/M/Ni、Purolite ChromaliteTM MIDA/M/Co、Purolite ChromaliteTMMIDA/M/Cu或Purolite ChromaliteTM MIDA/M/Fe。
8.一种转氨酶生产手性胺的方法,包括采用所述转氨酶对酮类化合物及氨基供体进行催化转氨基反应的步骤,其特征在于,所述转氨酶为权利要求1所述的转氨酶突变体或权利要求4至7中任一项所述的固定化转氨酶。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于所述方法为批次反应或连续反应;
优选地,所述批次反应或所述连续反应是在水相或有机相中进行反应;
优选地,在所述水相中进行反应的条件为在水溶液中加入占总体系体积小于等于70%的与水互溶的有机溶剂作为助溶剂进行催化反应;进一步地,有机溶剂为甲醇、乙醇或二甲基亚砜;
优选地,在所述有机相中进行反应的条件为在与水不互溶的水饱和有机溶剂中进行催化反应,进一步地,在水饱和的甲基叔丁基醚溶液或水饱和乙酸异丙酯溶液中进行催化反应;
优选地,所述固定化转氨酶为权利要求4至7中任一项所述的固定化转氨酶,所述固定化转氨酶通过填充于管道中实现填充床连续反应;
优选地,所述固定化酶的连续使用时长不少于400小时;
优选地,所述固定化酶的时空产率为3.6~7.2mol/L/天。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于所述酮类化合物为其中,R1和R2各自独立地为C1~C8烷基、C5~C10环烷基或C6~C10芳基,或者R1和R2与羰基上的碳共同形成C5~C10杂环基或C5~C10碳环基,所述C5~C10杂环基中的杂原子各自独立地选自氮、氧和硫中的至少一种,所述C6~C10芳基中的芳基、C5~C10碳环基中的碳环基或C5~C10杂环基中的杂环基各自独立地未被取代或被卤素、烷氧基或烷基中的至少一个基团所取代;
优选地,所述R1和所述R2各自独立地为C5~C10杂环烷烃,所述C5~C10杂环烷烃中的杂原子各自独立地选自氮、氧和硫中的至少一种,所述C5~C10杂环烷烃的碳环基未被取代或被卤素、烷氧基或烷基中的至少一个基团所取代;
11.一种固定化转氨酶的生产方法,其特征在于,所述生产方法包括:将转氨酶突变体进行固定化的步骤,其中,所述转氨酶突变体为权利要求1所述的转氨酶突变体。
12.根据权利要求11所述的生产方法,其特征在于,将转氨酶突变体进行固定化的步骤包括:将所述转氨酶突变体进行交联固定形成固定化酶聚集体;
优选地,将所述转氨酶突变体进行交联固定形成固定化酶聚集体包括:
将经沉淀剂沉淀的酶与戊二醛进行交联,形成所述固定化酶聚集体;或者
将经沉淀剂沉淀的酶与戊二醛活化的PEI交联,形成所述固定化酶聚集体;或者
将所述转氨酶突变体与辅因子活化的PEI经戊二醛交联,形成所述固定化酶聚集体。
13.根据权利要求11所述的生产方法,其特征在于,将转氨酶突变体进行固定化的步骤包括:将所述转氨酶突变体与载体连接形成固定化酶;
优选地,所述载体为交联聚合物树脂球;
优选地,所述树脂球包括大孔吸附树脂球、氨基型树脂球或环氧型树脂球;
优选地,所述大孔吸附树脂球的基质为无官能团的聚苯乙烯;
更优选地,所述大孔吸附树脂球包括NKA9、LXEP120、AB-8、ECR8806、XAD-7或D3520;
优选地,所述氨基型树脂球为具有氨基官能团的交联聚合物树脂球;
更优选地,所述氨基型树脂球的官能团为具有C2或C6长度碳链手臂的氨基官能团;
更优选地,所述氨基型树脂球包括聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯树脂或甲基丙烯酸酯与苯乙烯共聚物的树脂球;
更优选地,所述环氧型树脂球为具有环氧基官能团的聚合物树脂球;
更优选地,所述环氧型树脂球具有C2-C8长度手臂的环氧基官能团;
更优选地,所述环氧型树脂球包括具有环氧基官能团的聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯树脂或甲基丙烯酸酯与苯乙烯共聚物的树脂;
14.根据权利要求11所述的生产方法,其特征在于,将转氨酶突变体进行固定化的步骤包括:将所述转氨酶突变体与载体通过亲和吸附形成亲和固定化酶;
优选地,将所述转氨酶突变体与所述载体共孵育,得到所述亲和固定化酶;
优选地,所述转氨酶突变体具有多个His-标签;
优选地,所述载体为聚甲基丙烯酸基质的树脂球;
更优选地,所述树脂球包含NTA或IDA配基;
更优选地,所述树脂球在末端螯合金属离子配基;
进一步优选地,所述金属离子配基包括Ni2+、Co2+、Cu2+或Fe3+;
进一步优选地,所述载体包括IMAC-Ni或MIDA-Ni;
进一步优选地,所述载体包括Bio-Rad ProfinityTM IMAC Resin、PuroliteChromaliteTM MIDA/M/Ni、Purolite ChromaliteTM MIDA/M/Co、Purolite ChromaliteTMMIDA/M/Cu或Purolite ChromaliteTM MIDA/M/Fe。
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