CN113812635A - 微囊化β-丙氨酸、其制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
微囊化β-丙氨酸、其制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113812635A CN113812635A CN202111109579.1A CN202111109579A CN113812635A CN 113812635 A CN113812635 A CN 113812635A CN 202111109579 A CN202111109579 A CN 202111109579A CN 113812635 A CN113812635 A CN 113812635A
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- Prior art keywords
- alanine
- beta
- microencapsulated
- product
- gelatin
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种微囊化β‑丙氨酸、其制备方法及应用,所述的微囊化β‑丙氨酸以β‑丙氨酸为芯材、以壁材和填充材料组合为包埋材料,其中所述的壁材为蛋白类;所述的填充材料为碳水化合物;其中包含β‑丙氨酸75‑92重量份,蛋白类8‑17重量份,碳水化合物1‑8重量份;本发明通过包埋材料的选择及比例调整,使微囊化β‑丙氨酸产品服用后快速提升运动能力同时,在2h内快速释放的同时,且服用后无刺痛等不适反应。同时具有含量高、溶解性好、耐压强度高、耐酸、耐热的特性。基于此,所述微囊化β‑丙氨酸可以广泛应用于片剂、胶囊形式的膳食补充剂,或制成固体饮料、液体饮料、能量棒、果冻或糖果形式的食品及功能食品。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微囊化产品技术领域,具体涉及缓释微囊化β-丙氨酸、其制备方法及应用。
背景技术
β-丙氨酸和L-组氨酸及其甲基化类似物在人或动物体内形成二肽。由β-丙氨酸和组氨酸产生的二肽包括肌肽、鹅肌肽或鲸肌肽。肌肽是人体肌肉中含量最高的二肽。肌肉中β-丙氨酸的浓度低于L-组氨酸浓度,因此β-丙氨酸可能是肌肽合成的限速前体。现有研究表明,β-丙氨酸有提高肌肉中肌肽浓度从而提高肌肉耐力及工作能力、增强肌肉缓冲能力、减少酸中毒、增加肌肉力量、延缓疲劳的作用。但β-丙氨酸的摄入会产生感觉异常的副作用,包括灼热、麻刺或刺痛感。
β-丙氨酸是氨基结合在β位碳原子上的氨基酸,其氨基连接在羧基的β位上。β-丙氨酸是唯一天然存在β-氨基酸。β-丙氨酸是继肌酸后第二个国际上最具研究支持的运动营养物质,具有增加肌肉中咪唑二肽的含量,提高抗氧化功能,增强肌肉的缓冲能力和抗疲劳的作用。β-丙氨酸可与左旋组氨酸一起作用,增加骨骼肌中肌肽含量。在生物体内,β-丙氨酸并不参与蛋白质或酶的合成,通常由二氢尿嘧啶和肌肽的降解产生。有研究表明,服用β-丙氨酸后,中等训练强度的人在2h内冲刺阶段能力提高,因此说明β-丙氨酸能够快速释放,导致运动能力的提升。但在通常,摄入β-丙氨酸后数分钟至数小时内会产生麻刺、刺痛感觉。为了降低β丙氨酸在服用过程中的刺痛感,很多人进行了研究。
由于刺痛感是β-丙氨酸血液浓度升高所引起,因此降低服用β-丙氨酸刺痛感的方法是通过缓控释放的方法,也就是降低β-丙氨酸进入血液的速度,从而有效地减少或消除不良反应的发生。
例如,专利CN105663081A中公开了微囊化β-丙氨酸的制备方法,以β-丙氨酸作为芯材,氢化植物油、磷脂和脂肪酸甘油酯作为壁材,采用流化包衣的方式制备得到,得到的β-丙氨酸微囊粉含量为50%-95%之间。通过配方组成的优化,使得β丙氨酸能够匀速释放,既能达到18h完全释放,也能降低服用β丙氨酸带来的刺痛感。
专利US20130030052A1β-丙氨酸缓释组合物和方法中公开了持续释放β-丙氨酸的组合物和方法,将β-丙氨酸与凝胶制剂进行混合,制备后的产品具有持续释放的特性。并确定了在1N盐酸中,1h、2h、3h和6h溶出的β-丙氨酸百分比少于或等于27%、47%、63%和82%,其目的显而易见是为了控制β丙氨酸在血液中的浓度低于能够产生刺痛感的浓度。
以上的方法虽然都能降低β丙氨酸产生的刺痛感,但是同时也限制了β丙氨酸服用2h内快速提升运动能力的效果。如何在β-丙氨酸服用后快速提升运动能力同时,但还不引起刺痛感,是行业痛点,市场上亟待一种新的技术以解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种微囊化β-丙氨酸,所述的微囊化β-丙氨酸以β-丙氨酸为芯材、以壁材和填充材料组合为包埋材料,其中所述的壁材为蛋白;所述的填充材料为碳水化合物。
本发明另一方面的目的在于提供上述微囊化β-丙氨酸的制备方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:首先(1)将壁材和填充材料于55-65℃溶解于热水中;(2)将β丙氨酸溶解于25-30℃水中,与步骤(1)的溶液混合;(3)调整pH4-7.5,搅拌至少30min;(4)干燥得到微囊化β丙氨酸。
本发明以微囊化技术克服了原料β-丙氨酸在应用中所固有的缺陷,按照本申请发明所述的微囊化β丙氨酸产品,能够在2h内快速释放,且服用后无刺痛等不适反应。同时具有含量高、溶解性好、耐压强度高、耐酸、耐热的特性。基于此,本发明再一方面提供所述微囊化β-丙氨酸在制备营养品或食品中的应用;具体的,可以将微囊化β-丙氨酸作为唯一成分、或者将其作为组合物的成分之一进行应用;可以广泛应用于片剂、胶囊形式的膳食补充剂,或制成固体饮料、液体饮料、能量棒、果冻或糖果形式的食品及功能食品。
所述微囊化β-丙氨酸的应用,用于每天1-2次的口服施用,单次口服剂量以β-丙氨酸计,20-71.4mg/kg体重。
附图说明
图1为微囊化的β-丙氨酸产品E和原料对比的XRD图,图中所示β丙氨酸原料的衍射角和微囊化β丙氨酸产品E的衍射角对比。从结果看,微囊化后的β丙氨酸的衍射角强度明显减弱,且有个别角消失,可以推断微囊化后产品发生变化。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图,对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细地描述,但应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。本发明中,除非另有其他明确说明,否则百分比、百分含量均以质量计。如无特殊说明,所使用的实验方法均为常规方法,所用材料、试剂等均可从商业途径购买。
本发明提供一种微囊化β-丙氨酸,以β-丙氨酸为芯材、以壁材和填充材料组合为包埋材料,其中所述的壁材为蛋白类;所述的填充材料为碳水化合物。其中包含β-丙氨酸75-92重量份,蛋白类8-17重量份,碳水化合物1-8重量份。
进一步优选的,所述的蛋白类壁材为明胶,包括猪明胶、牛明胶和鱼明胶。所述的明胶的冻力为100-300bloom。
进一步优选的,所述的明胶的用量为9-12重量份。
进一步优选的,本发明中所述及的填充材料为碳水化合物,选自10个及以下单糖通过糖苷键连接形成直链或支链的糖,可以举例但不限于蔗糖,葡萄糖,葡萄糖浆,果糖,麦芽糖,乳糖,木糖,低聚异麦芽糖,低聚果糖,固体玉米糖浆,水苏糖,低聚半乳糖或其混合物。其中尤为优选葡萄糖、固含量为40-90%的葡萄糖浆或其按照任意比例的混合物。
更为具体的实施方式中,所述的碳水化合物的用量优选3-5重量份。无特殊说明,本说明书中所述及的及其混合物,指前述各组分中任意2种或2种以上的组分,按照任意比例的混合物。
本发明所述的酸碱调节剂为常规酸碱调节物质,例如,碳酸氢钠、氢氧化钠、盐酸、硫酸、醋酸等。
本发明所述的微囊化β-丙氨酸,还可以按照本领域的常规用量选择性添加下述组分中的一种或几种:
(1)水溶性成分,所述的水溶性成分可举例但不限于葡萄糖、乳糖、低聚麦芽糖、聚乙二醇、羧甲基纤维素钠、固体葡萄糖浆。
(2)表面活性剂,用以解决水不溶性脂肪或蜡质材料制成的产品通常漂浮于水面的问题,增加产品的水分散性。所述的表面活性剂可举例但不限于吐温60、吐温80或蔗糖脂肪酸酯。
(3)粘合剂,可举例但不限于聚维酮、甘油、丙二醇、聚甘油脂肪酸酯、可溶性大豆多糖、羧甲基纤维素钠。
(4)悬浮剂,可举例但不限于瓜尔胶、黄原胶、海藻酸钠、羟丙基甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素,结冷胶、卡拉胶。
(5)稀释剂,可举例但不限于淀粉、麦芽糊精、磷酸氢钙。
(6)稳定剂,可举例但不限于乳酸钠、柠檬酸钠、碳酸镁、碳酸氢钠、微晶纤维素。
(7)助流剂,可举例但不限于二氧化硅、玉米淀粉、硅酸钙。
(8)抗氧化剂,可举例但不限于维生素E、维生素C及其衍生物。
(9)酸度调节剂,可举例但不限于柠檬酸、乳酸、苹果酸。
本发明所述的微囊化β-丙氨酸,因包埋材料的优化,在0.1N盐酸中的释放度0.5h≥85%,1h≥90%,2h之内完全释放。此处按照本领域通常理解,完全释放为测量值100±5%。
更为具体的描述,本发明所述的微囊化β-丙氨酸,其粒径100-500μm;服用后刺痛感评价分数在2分以内。
本发明另一方面公开上述本发明的微囊化β-丙氨酸的制备方法,所述方法包括如下释放材料制备的步骤:(1)将壁材和填充材料于55-65℃溶解于热水中;(2)将β丙氨酸溶解于25-30℃水中,与步骤(1)的溶液混合;(3)调整pH4-7.5,搅拌至少30min;(4)干燥得到微囊化β丙氨酸。本发明通过包埋材料的选择及比例调整,使微囊化β-丙氨酸产品的在快速释放的同时,不产生刺痛感。
本发明的微囊化β-丙氨酸制剂可作为一种原料,进一步加工成片剂、胶囊形式的膳食补充剂,或制成固体饮料、液体饮料、能量棒、果冻或软糖形式的食品及功能食品。
下述非限制性实施例将进一步阐明本发明,但不应当理解为对本发明任意形式的限定,如无特殊说明,本申请中采用下述方法对产品进行测量和评价。
本发明所述的释放度测定,参照USP〈711〉DISSOLUTIO,采用Apparatus 2,转速50rpm,按DELAYED-RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS方法B进行0.1N盐酸溶液中的释放度实验。
本发明所述的刺痛感评价方法为:选择7名对β丙氨酸敏感的人群作为受试者,受试者分别服用含一定量的β-丙氨酸的产品。记录产生异常感觉的强度。强度:0为无感觉,1-5为有感觉但可接受(强度逐渐增加),6-10为不愿接受(程度逐渐增强)。去掉一个最高分和一个最低分,其他分数取平均,作为β丙氨酸产品的刺痛感分数。
微囊化的β-丙氨酸产品E和原料对比的XRD图如图1,证明微囊化后的产品和原料的衍射角发生变化。
实施例1其他蛋白壁材和明胶壁材的对比例
(1)将豌豆蛋白170g、葡萄糖80g加热溶解,将β-丙氨酸750g分撒溶解后和豌豆蛋白溶液混合,干燥除去水分,获得微囊化的β-丙氨酸产品A,其β-丙氨酸含量为75.0%,参数评价如表1。
(2)将酪蛋白170g、葡萄糖80g加热溶解,将β-丙氨酸750g分撒溶解后和酪蛋白溶液混合,干燥除去水分,获得微囊化的β-丙氨酸产品B,其β-丙氨酸含量为75.0%,参数评价如表1。
(3)将乳清蛋白170g、葡萄糖80g加热溶解,将β-丙氨酸750g分撒溶解后和乳清蛋白溶液混合,干燥除去水分,获得微囊化的β-丙氨酸产品C,其β-丙氨酸含量为75.0%,参数评价如表1。
(4)将猪明胶170g、葡萄糖80g加热溶解,将β-丙氨酸750g分撒溶解后和明胶蛋白溶液混合,干燥除去水分,获得微囊化的β-丙氨酸产品D,其β-丙氨酸含量为75.0%,参数评价如表1。
根据刺痛感评价方法,对表1中的β-丙氨酸产品A-D进行口服后的刺痛感评价,服用计量为以β-丙氨酸计26.6mg/Kg体重。
表1微囊化的β-丙氨酸产品A-D产品评价
结果显示:β-丙氨酸原料易溶于水,在0.1N盐酸溶液完全释放,且受试者刺痛感非常强。β-丙氨酸经微囊化处理后,使用明胶作为壁材,能够有效降低β丙氨酸的刺痛感,而选择其他蛋白类壁材作为壁材,释放快,且刺痛感也很强,和原料基本一致。
实施例2不同填充材料对比
(1)将鱼明胶100g、葡萄糖浆50g加热溶解,将β-丙氨酸850g分撒溶解后和明胶溶液混合,干燥除去水分,获得微囊化的β-丙氨酸产品E,其β-丙氨酸含量为85.0%,参数评价如表2。
(2)将鱼明胶100g、葡萄糖50g加热溶解,将β-丙氨酸850g分撒溶解后和明胶溶液混合,干燥除去水分,获得微囊化的β-丙氨酸产品F,其β-丙氨酸含量为85.0%,参数评价如表2。
(3)将猪明胶100g、乳糖50g加热溶解,将β-丙氨酸850g分撒溶解后和明胶溶液混合,干燥除去水分,获得微囊化的β-丙氨酸产品G,其β-丙氨酸含量为85.0%,参数评价如表2。
(4)将猪明胶100g、低聚麦芽糖50g加热溶解,将β-丙氨酸850g分撒溶解后和明胶溶液混合,干燥除去水分,获得微囊化的β-丙氨酸产品H,其β-丙氨酸含量为85.0%,参数评价如表2。
(5)将猪明胶100g、蔗糖50g加热溶解,将β-丙氨酸850g分撒溶解后和明胶溶液混合,干燥除去水分,获得微囊化的β-丙氨酸产品I,其β-丙氨酸含量为85.0%,参数评价如表2。
根据刺痛感评价方法,对表1中的β-丙氨酸产品E-I进行口服后的刺痛感评价,服用计量为以β-丙氨酸计26.6mg/Kg体重。
表2微囊化的β-丙氨酸产品E-I产品评价
结果显示:选择不同的碳水化合物为填充材料,和明胶类壁材进行复配,得到的产品释放很快,但是得到β-丙氨酸微囊产品的刺痛感有明显降低,其中以葡萄糖及葡萄糖浆的最优。
实施例3不同产品含量对比
(1)将鱼明胶250g、葡萄糖浆100g加热溶解,将β-丙氨酸650g分撒溶解后和明胶溶液混合,干燥除去水分,获得微囊化的β-丙氨酸产品J,其β-丙氨酸含量为65.0%,其刺痛感评价分数为6.7分,0.5h,1h,2h的释放度为75.7%,88.5%,99.1%。
(2)将鱼明胶63g、葡萄糖浆7g加热溶解,将β-丙氨酸930g分撒溶解后和明胶溶液混合,干燥除去水分,获得微囊化的β-丙氨酸产品K,其β-丙氨酸含量为93.0%,其刺痛感评价分数为7.3分,0.5h,1h,2h的释放度为95.5%,100.3%,100.2%。
从理论上讲降低芯材β丙氨酸的量,能够提高包埋效率,从而降低刺痛感,但是,β丙氨酸经过明胶包埋后,和理论不符。而过高的产品含量,包埋效果不佳,无法达到满意的效果,因此应控制β丙氨酸质量百分含量在75-92%。
实施例4产品对比
按照专利CN105663081A的方法制备缓释β-丙氨酸产品,和本申请β-丙氨酸E进行各项参数对比,结果如表3:
表3各项参数对比
实施例5:固体饮料应用评价
按照专利CN105663081A的方法制备缓释β-丙氨酸产品和本申请制备的β-丙氨酸E,分别混合适量柠檬酸0.03%、麦芽糊精20%、黄原胶0.6%等,制成固体饮料,冲调后进行评价。如表4:
表4效果评价
由于缓释β丙氨酸产品颗粒度较大,因此制备成固体饮料后有明显的不溶解和品尝异物感。
实施例6:软糖应用评价
按照专利CN105663081A的方法制备缓释β-丙氨酸产品和本申请制备的β-丙氨酸E,分别进行软糖制备,制备工艺如下:
称取明胶8g,白砂糖44g、葡萄糖浆55g,加入固形物20%的水,搅拌溶解,120度熬糖,熬至固形物85%左右。调节pH 3-4。将β丙氨酸产品20g加入上述溶液中,搅拌均匀。90度保温40min。注模、烘干。结果如表5:
表5.缓释β-丙氨酸软糖和β-丙氨酸E软糖评价结果如下:
编号 | 刺痛评价 | 口感 |
缓释β丙氨酸软糖 | 7分 | 酸甜度适中,粘弹性适中 |
β-丙氨酸E软糖 | 0.5分 | 酸甜度适中,粘弹性适中 |
按照专利CN105663081A制备的缓释β丙氨酸,由于其使用氢化植物油作为壁材,在软糖制备过程中有90度加热的工序,壁材融化,导致软糖的刺痛感提升。因此缓释β丙氨酸的耐热性能比本申请制备的β丙氨酸差。
实施例7:片剂应用评价
按照专利CN105663081A的方法制备缓释β-丙氨酸产品和本申请制备的β-丙氨酸E,分别进行制备片剂:混合30%微晶纤维素、20%乳糖、0.2%二氧化硅,5%玉米淀粉使用天峰ZPW-8型旋转式压片机进行压片。
缓释β-丙氨酸软糖和β-丙氨酸E软糖评价结果如下表6:
表6.评价结果
编号 | 刺痛评价 | 片剂硬度 | 脆碎度 |
缓释β丙氨酸片 | 2.2分 | 55N | 2.5% |
β-丙氨酸E片 | 0.4分 | 103N | 0.32% |
按照专利CN105663081A制备的缓释β丙氨酸,壁材被压碎,导致片剂的硬度和脆碎度均不理想。同时由于壁材的破裂,导致服用后刺痛感也升高。因此缓释β丙氨酸的耐压能比本申请制备的β丙氨酸差。
综合上述实施例可以看出,使用本申请所述方法制备的β丙氨酸产品,能够在2h内快速释放,且服用后无刺痛等不适反应。同时具有含量高、溶解性好、耐压强度高、耐酸、耐热的特性。基于此,本发明再一方面提供所述微囊化β-丙氨酸可以广泛应用于片剂、胶囊形式的膳食补充剂,或制成固体饮料、液体饮料、能量棒、果冻或糖果形式的食品及功能食品。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,本领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。
Claims (10)
1.微囊化β-丙氨酸,其特征在于,所述的微囊化β-丙氨酸以β-丙氨酸为芯材、以壁材和填充材料组合为包埋材料,其中所述的壁材为蛋白类;所述的填充材料为碳水化合物;其中包含β-丙氨酸75-92重量份,蛋白类8-17重量份,碳水化合物1-8重量份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的微囊化β-丙氨酸,其特征在于,所述的壁材为明胶,优选猪明胶、牛明胶和鱼明胶。
3.权利要求2所述的微囊化β-丙氨酸,其特征在于,所述明胶的冻力为100-300bloom。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的微囊化β-丙氨酸,其特征在于,所述的明胶的用量为9-12重量份;所述的β-丙氨酸为80-90重量份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的微囊化β-丙氨酸,其特征在于,所述的碳水化合物选自蔗糖,葡萄糖,葡萄糖浆,果糖,麦芽糖,乳糖,木糖,低聚异麦芽糖,低聚果糖,固体玉米糖浆,水苏糖,低聚半乳糖中的至少一种;其中优选葡萄糖和/或固含量为40-90wt%的葡萄糖浆。
6.根据权利要求1所述的微囊化β-丙氨酸,其特征在于,所述的碳水化合物的用量为3-5重量份。
7.权利要求1所述的微囊化β-丙氨酸,其特征在于,所述的微囊化β-丙氨酸粒径100-500μm;其在0.1N盐酸中的释放度为0.5h≥85%,1h≥90%,2h之内完全释放。
8.如权利要求1所述的微囊化β-丙氨酸的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将壁材和填充材料于55-65℃溶解于热水中;
(2)将β丙氨酸溶解于25-30℃水中,与步骤(1)的溶液混合;
(3)调整pH4-7.5,搅拌至少30min;
(4)干燥得到微囊化β丙氨酸。
9.如权利要求1所述的微囊化β-丙氨酸在制备营养品或食品中的应用,其特征在于,所述应用为将微囊化β-丙氨酸作为唯一成分、或者将其作为组合物的成分之一进行应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,将微囊化β-丙氨酸应用于片剂、胶囊形式的膳食补充剂,或制成固体饮料、液体饮料、能量棒、果冻或糖果形式的食品及功能食品;更优选的,所述微囊化β-丙氨酸的应用,用于每天1-2次的口服施用,单次口服剂量以β-丙氨酸计,20-71.4mg/kg体重。
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