CN113801835A - 一种利用黑水虻虫沙制作培藻营养液的工艺 - Google Patents
一种利用黑水虻虫沙制作培藻营养液的工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种黑水虻虫沙制作培藻营养液的工艺。将黑水虻虫沙经过筛选，剔除杂质，调节水份含量35～38％，物料呈分散状，将此虫沙送料至液体发酵罐中，并加入水或有机污水，然后添加菌液和预混料，通气搅拌发酵，然后从液体发酵罐出料，过滤去除杂质后得到培藻营养液。本发明将虫沙通过水浸法提取其中的营养盐和有机质，再添加必要营养因子和发酵微生物制成培藻营养液，可应用于水产养殖行业，达到肥水、净水的功能，培藻营养液进入养殖水体后，其氯化物及营养成份会被水体中的大量微生物和微藻吸收利用，不会对环境形成负面影响。培藻营养液更安全、更经济，功效更稳定、使用也更方便，性价比很高，因此具有良好的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益。
Description
技术领域：
本发明属于资源昆虫利用领域，具体涉及一种黑水虻虫沙制作培藻营养液的工艺。
背景技术：
利用黑水虻幼虫生物处置餐厨剩余物，将其中的营养物质转化成为高附加值的昆虫蛋白，是一种富有潜力的有机废弃物资源化应用技术，其中，分选出来的黑水虻幼虫可以加工成为饲料添加剂，但是，由于餐厨剩余物本身含盐量较高的缘故，导致终产物虫沙(包含虫粪和食物残余)的可溶性氯化物含量通常超过3％，有些地区甚至达到5％，因此不宜直接作为有机肥使用(会导致土地盐碱化)。如何开发利用好虫沙是本领域急需解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种安全、经济、功效稳定、使用方便，性价比高的黑水虻虫沙制作培藻营养液的工艺。
本发明的黑水虻虫沙制作培藻营养液的工艺，包括以下步骤：
将黑水虻虫沙经过筛选，剔除杂质，调节水份含量35～38％，物料呈分散状，将此虫沙送料至液体发酵罐中，并加入水或有机污水，然后添加菌液和预混料，通气搅拌发酵，然后从液体发酵罐出料，过滤去除杂质后得到培藻营养液。
所述的菌液是EM菌的菌液，具体制备方法是：将水加热至35-45℃，按需要加入EM菌粉，同时加入3％红糖，充分溶解后静置3小时备用。
所述的预混料是对培藻有益的物料组成，包括但不限于多种维生素、磷酸二氢钾、微量元素、氯化钙等，可依据产品的具体用途制作配方，预混料添加量一般不大于1％；具体可以为：按质量分数计，包括氯化钙15％、磷酸二氢钾5.5％、维生素C1.5％、维生素E 3％、木薯粉75％，其配制方法是将各成分混合均匀制得。
培藻营养液可以装入带气阀的容器中存贮。
优选，所述的虫沙是指黑水虻处置餐厨剩余物后的残余，包含虫粪、食物残余和辅料等，其为含水量35-38％，烘干后粗蛋白15-18％，粗纤维18-22％，有机质大于70％，氮磷钾总和大约10％。
优选，所述的将虫沙经过筛选，剔除杂质是将新鲜产出的虫沙经过4-8目筛筛选，剔除玻璃、烟头、瓶盖、牙签等杂质。
优选，所述的加入水或有机污水是按重量比1:9比例加入水或有机污水。
优选，所述的菌液，其添加量为虫沙质量的2％。
优选，所述的预混料，其添加量为虫沙质量的千分之一。
本发明设计了一种新的利用途径，即将含盐量偏高的虫沙通过水浸法提取其中的营养盐和有机质，再添加必要营养因子和发酵微生物，最后进行过滤制作成为培藻营养液，可应用于水产养殖行业，达到肥水、净水的功能，培藻营养液进入养殖水体后，其氯化物及营养成份会被水体中的大量微生物和微藻吸收利用，不会对环境形成负面影响，同时，相较于当前农民肥水使用较多的鸡粪、化肥、粗制有机肥等，经过本工艺生产的培藻营养液更安全、更经济，功效更稳定、使用也更方便，性价比很高，因此具有良好的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步的详细描述，给出的实施例仅为了阐明本发明，而不是为了限制本发明的范围。
实施例1：
黑水虻虫沙指的是黑水虻处置餐厨剩余物后的残余，包含虫粪、食物残余和辅料等。每批次收购的黑水虻虫沙先经过筛选并调节水份后进入原料仓库。
原料：黑水虻虫沙，其含水量35-38％，烘干后粗蛋白15-18％，粗纤维18-22％，有机质大于70％，氮磷钾总和大约10％。
预处理：新鲜产出的虫沙，并经过4-8目筛筛选，剔除玻璃、烟头、瓶盖、牙签等杂质，水份含量35～38％，物料呈分散状；
水浸提取：将预处理过的虫沙送料至液体发酵罐，每批次500kg虫沙，同时加入餐厨污水4500kg，并添加10千克菌液和预混料500克，通气、搅拌12小时进行发酵；然后从液体发酵罐出料，以20目不锈钢网过滤出较大的杂质后得到培藻营养液，分装至25升的塑料桶(桶盖上有呼吸阀)后入库销售；
所述的菌液配方：将水加热至35-45℃，按500g EM菌粉加入到1吨水的剂量添加EM菌粉，同时加入质量分数3％红糖，充分溶解后静置3小时备用。
预混料配方：按质量分数计，包括氯化钙15％、磷酸二氢钾5.5％、维生素C1.5％、维生素E 3％、木薯粉75％，其配制方法是将各成分混合均匀制得。
效果实验：
2018年11月25日开始，分别在珠海市斗门区莲洲镇西滘村的草鱼塘、白蕉镇东围村的海鲈塘和台山市北陡镇蟠龙村的蚝围进行了虫沙培藻营养液调水的效果实验，具体试验方法是将培藻营养液施用至实验鱼塘，具体剂量如表1所示，施用效果试验数据如下：
表1
草鱼塘的水质一般，亚硝酸盐稍高，施用培藻营养液后迅速恢复正常并保持稳定；海鲈塘是高密度养殖的冬棚，水质混浊，氨氮和亚硝酸盐偏高，特别是亚硝酸盐浓度已经属于有害水平，塘中的海鲈食欲不振，施用培藻营养液后仅3小时亚硝酸盐即有明显下降，施用24小时后亚硝酸盐和氨氮都恢复到正常水平。台山海围蚝场由于前期管理不当，导致大量滋生蓝藻，围中的蚝已经损失过半，测试发现水中的氨氮和亚硝酸盐都处于较低水平，说明水体中的营养被蓝藻大量消耗，致使水生态环境处于恶劣状态，在施用培藻营养液48小时后，观察到水质略有好转，蓝藻有消退迹象，后期需要持续加大培藻营养液用量。
2018年12月6日，对实验鱼塘进行了跟踪回访，并对海鲈塘和蚝围进行了第二次培藻营养液的施用(剂量同第一次)，海鲈塘的水质状况良好，鱼进食正常，且减少了一次寄生虫杀虫药的施用(正常为3次/月)；海围蚝场的蓝藻已明显有所好转，但是因为从12月7日突然开始降温，影响了培藻营养液的效果，目前水体中的蓝藻尚未清除，但硅藻已渐渐成了优势。
Claims (8)
1.一种黑水虻虫沙制作培藻营养液的工艺，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
将黑水虻虫沙经过筛选，剔除杂质，调节水份含量35～38％，物料呈分散状，将此虫沙送料至液体发酵罐中，并加入水或有机污水，然后添加菌液和预混料，通气搅拌发酵，然后从液体发酵罐出料，过滤去除杂质后得到培藻营养液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的工艺，其特征在于，所述的菌液是EM菌的菌液，具体制备方法是：将水加热至35-45℃，按需要加入EM菌粉，同时加入3％红糖，充分溶解后备用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的工艺，其特征在于，所述的预混料是对培藻有益的物料组成，包括但不限于多种维生素、磷酸二氢钾、微量元素、氯化钙，预混料添加量不大于1％。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的工艺，其特征在于，所述的预混料是，按质量分数计，包括氯化钙15％、磷酸二氢钾5.5％、维生素C1.5％、维生素E 3％、木薯粉75％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的工艺，其特征在于，所述的将虫沙经过筛选，剔除杂质是将新鲜产出的虫沙经过4-8目筛筛选，剔除玻璃、烟头、瓶盖、牙签。
6.根据权利要求1所述的工艺，其特征在于，所述的加入水或有机污水是按重量比1:9比例加入水或有机污水。
7.根据权利要求1所述的工艺，其特征在于，所述的菌液，其添加量为虫沙质量的2％。
8.根据权利要求1所述的工艺，其特征在于，所述的预混料，其添加量为虫沙质量的千分之一。
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