CN113800641A - Agricultural drainage basin non-point source pollution reduction and recycling ecological management design method mixed with domestic sewage - Google Patents
Agricultural drainage basin non-point source pollution reduction and recycling ecological management design method mixed with domestic sewage Download PDFInfo
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- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
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Abstract
The invention discloses an agricultural drainage basin non-point source pollutant reduction and recycling ecological treatment design method mixed with domestic sewage and application thereof, according to the principle of 'partitioning, accurate treatment and gradual purification', a spatial information database is established by adopting a remote sensing technology and a geographic information technology to acquire information such as upstream and downstream confluence relation, ditch and pond communication relation, surface source pollutant transportation and storage processes and the like of an agricultural small watershed, further provides an ecological management method of 'front-end storage and purification, process blocking and pollution reduction, terminal storage and reutilization' for deeply purifying the domestic sewage in the ecological pond, reducing and mixing the sewage in the ecological ditch process and accumulating and reusing in the water storage pond according to the convergence property of domestic sewage and farmland drainage at all levels of the agricultural small watershed to the ditch pond, an ecological purification and reutilization treatment system for agricultural non-point source pollutant collection, transportation, storage and utilization is established at the upstream and downstream levels. The method can effectively treat the non-point source pollution of the agricultural small watershed and realize multi-process and multi-level purification and resource reutilization of the non-point source pollution source.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rural non-point source pollution, in particular to a design method for reducing and recycling the non-point source pollution of an agricultural drainage basin mixed with domestic sewage, which is suitable for an agricultural non-point source pollution small drainage basin, and particularly suitable for a southern agricultural small drainage basin with scattered rural villages and densely distributed ditches and ponds.
Background
Agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control become important contents for comprehensive treatment of outstanding environmental problems in rural areas in China, and the method has important effects on improvement of rural water environment quality, construction of rural ecological clean small watershed, vogue of rural areas and rural ecological livable life. Agricultural non-point source pollution has the characteristics of randomness, intermittence, various sources, complex components, great influence by meteorological conditions and the like, and the problems of high construction cost, low operation load, low utilization efficiency and the like exist when sewage facilities are adopted for treatment. In the process of treating non-point source pollution for many years, ecological engineering is gradually recognized as an effective measure for treating non-point source pollution, but the construction of the ecological engineering usually needs a large floor area and a large amount of extra cost, and is difficult to implement in the vast agricultural drainage basin in China.
Because rural areas do not have special sewage collection systems, agricultural drainage basin non-point source pollution sources are usually mixtures of rural life and farmland drainage, the difference of the components of the agricultural drainage basin non-point source pollution sources and the rural life and farmland drainage is large, and the agricultural drainage basin non-point source pollution sources and the rural life and farmland drainage are discharged into downstream water bodies after being respectively treated. The existing ecological pollution reduction engineering is usually designed only aiming at one type of non-point source pollution, and the non-point source pollution of how to treat rural and farmland mixed drainage is less. The discharge of the agricultural non-point source pollution source can also cause the waste of water resources and nutrient substances, and the water resources and the nutrient substance sources can be provided for agricultural production such as planting, breeding and the like by collecting, processing and recycling the waste.
Channels, pond and weir water systems are widely distributed in rural areas in south China and serve as a part of water conservancy landscapes of agricultural drainage basins, and the channel pond water systems have the ecological function advantages of water source storage, irrigation supplementation, water quantity regulation and water distribution reduction, agricultural non-point source pollution reduction and the like. The method can form a non-point source pollution absorption method for recycling water and pollutant resources with complete ecological functions by using the local existing ditch and pond water system as much as possible and carrying out ecological transformation and arrangement on the ditch and pond water system.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a design method for reducing the agricultural drainage basin surface source and recycling ecological management blended with domestic sewage, which is developed by relying on ditch and pond water systems with wide agricultural drainage basin distribution, has small additional engineering construction and occupied area and can effectively reduce the engineering construction and operation management cost. The method of the invention collects and treats domestic sewage and farmland drainage respectively according to the principles of 'partitioning, accurate treatment and gradual purification', establishes a non-point source pollution ecological treatment system with multi-process purification and multi-stage accumulation, such as an ecological pond, an ecological ditch, a water storage pond and the like, and realizes multi-process and multi-level purification and resource reutilization of the non-point source pollution source.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is a design method for reducing and recycling the non-point source pollutants of the agricultural drainage basin by blending domestic sewage, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: according to the rural terrain, the land utilization type, the planting structure and the distribution situation of a ditch and pond water system, the GIS and the remote sensing technology are adopted to analyze the terrain, the land utilization, the planting structure and the distribution situation of the ditch and pond water system, analyze the drainage and collection relation among rural, farmland and ditch and pond water system landscapes, and determine the transportation and collection paths of the area source pollution sources in the water systems such as upstream and downstream channels, ponds and the like in the small flow area. A pond or a depression located at the downstream of a rural sewage treatment facility or a domestic sewage discharge port is selected and transformed into an ecological pond to collect, store and further purify domestic sewage; the tail water purified by the ecological pond is reduced through the ecological ditch process, conveyed to the downstream and finally merged into the downstream water storage pond, so that the ecological treatment of front-end purification, process blocking and pollution reduction, terminal storage and reutilization is realized. The system designed by the method of the invention realizes multi-process purification and multi-level utilization of the agricultural watershed non-point source pollutants. A design method for reducing and recycling non-point source pollutants of an agricultural drainage basin by blending domestic sewage comprises the following steps:
acquiring the topography and landform of a small watershed, land utilization, a planting structure and ditch-pond water system distribution by adopting a GIS (geographic information system), a remote sensing technology and field investigation, and establishing an agricultural watershed village and farmland-ditch-pond database; according to topographic data, crop planting and ditch and pond water system structure distribution, the water flow convergence characteristics among villages, farmlands, ditches and ponds are determined, the water flow communication relation of the ditches and ponds is cleared, and a convergence path and an accumulation place of small-watershed drainage and rainfall runoff are formed.
Preferably, the original pond or the natural depression is selected according to the communication condition of the landform and the ditch pond water system, and the sewage is conveyed to the ecological pond through the original or newly-built communication channel. The sewage is purified by utilizing the self decontamination capability of the ecological pond, and the tail water is collected and stored, so that conditions are provided for recycling water resources and pollutants. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
a. the volume of each ecological pond is 500-2000 m3(ii) a The shape of the ecological pond is designed to be elliptical or similar elliptical on the basis of the original pond as much as possible, and the long axis is as follows: the minor axis is about 3:1, and water enters and exits along the major axis direction to increase the water flow path and prolong the hydraulic retention time;
b. a trash rack and a water drop aeration step are arranged at the water inlet of the ecological pond and used for blocking filtered impurities from entering the ecological pond and improving the oxygen content of the water body of the ecological pond; according to the condition of a downstream channel of the ecological pond, a plurality of water outlets can be arranged so as to reduce the hydraulic dead zone of the ecological pond and improve the purification effect; a buffer zone is arranged on the boundary, and the width of the buffer zone is 2-3 times of that of the ditch and field buffer zone, so that drainage and rainfall runoff entering the pond through an overflow are prevented and controlled;
c. according to the practical situation of an ecological pond, the ecological pond is divided into a shallow water area (10-40 cm), a reclaimed water area (40-80 cm) and a deep water area (greater than 80cm), emergent aquatic plants with landscape effects such as drooping umbrellas, canna, calamus and the like are planted in the shallow water area, plants such as lotus and the like are planted in the reclaimed water area, a floating island is constructed in the deep water area according to an S shape, flat plastic foam plates with the size of 100cm multiplied by 4cm are selected, holes are punched according to the distance of 6cm and the aperture of 4cm, and the obtained deep water area is used as a carrier for cuttage of plants such as canna, water spinach, eleusine indica, cattail, silvergrass, rice and the like. Plant and microorganism structures are formed in areas with different water depths, and enhanced treatment is carried out through the combined action of plant absorption and microorganism decomposition, so that the content of pollutants in water is reduced.
Preferably, a plurality of ecological ditches can be arranged at the downstream of the ecological pond, an original channel water system is utilized or reconstructed and expanded to form a pond water system communicated with the ecological pond and the pond, the channel bearing the main drainage function is ecologically reconstructed, and a water system communicated ecological ditch pond for blocking and treating the non-point source pollution process is formed. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
a. the ecological ditch is excavated or renovated into a trapezoidal section according to the drainage and waterlogging standard. The soil at the bottom of the ditch is flat and straight, and the water permeability and the water flow stability are kept; aquatic plant grids are arranged at the bottom of the ditch, emergent aquatic plants with economic benefits and purification effects such as water bamboos and the like are planted, wherein the width of the grids is generally 60% -80% of the width of the bottom of the ditch, the length of water flow is 50-100 cm, the interval between adjacent grids on the upstream and the downstream is consistent with the width of the grids, the grids are arranged in a staggered mode, aquatic plants are planted in the grids in a row (3-4 rows) along the direction of the water flow, and the plants on the upstream and the downstream are aligned at the overlapping width of the adjacent grids, so that the obstruction of the plants to drainage is reduced; planting submerged plants in the grid spacer region, wherein the submerged plants can be Foliumet sida, herba Swertiae Bimaculatae, Sargassum horneri, Nemacystus decipiens, algae or herba Lysimachiae Christinae, etc.;
b. the slope surfaces on two sides of the ecological ditch are lined with perforated bricks, the bricks are built in a staggered mode, the long edges of the perforated bricks on each layer are arranged along the direction of the ditch, and the holes are built horizontally, so that water seepage of the slope surface is discharged, the water seepage pressure of the ditch slope is reduced, and the stability of the ditch slope is enhanced. A region of 20-40 cm from the top of the lining to the top of the ditch is left without lining, the region is provided with a ditch top buffer zone, the width of the region is 30-50 cm, and a plurality of rows of herbaceous plants such as Sudan grass and the like are planted from bottom to top and are used for filtering and purifying farmland runoff entering a drainage ditch and reducing impact of the runoff on a ditch water body;
c. the center of the ecological ditch is provided with a reservoir every 5-10 m, the length of the reservoir is 100-200 cm, the distance between the two sides of the reservoir and the boundary of the ditch bottom is about 20cm, the depth of the reservoir is 60-100 cm below the ditch bottom, and the water storage capacity of the ecological ditch is increased for farmland irrigation and the like. The periphery of the reservoir is lined with bricks with holes, the holes are horizontally arranged, submerged plants are planted in the reservoir, the capacity and the level of reducing and containing sewage in the ecological ditch are increased, the recycling of drainage and nutrients is preliminarily realized, and the emission of non-point source pollutants is reduced;
d. and arranging overflow weirs at intervals of 200-500 m in the ecological ditch to control the water level of the ecological ditch and prolong the hydraulic retention time. The height of the overflow weir is not lower than 1/3 of the depth of the ditch, the height of the weir crest is not higher than the drainage water level, and the drainage water level is determined according to technical Specifications for agricultural drainage engineering (SL 4-2013).
Preferably, the ecological ditch is communicated with a downstream water storage pond, and purified drainage is conveyed to the water storage pond to be stored as a water source for surrounding farmlands, cultivation and the like. The water storage pond generally has larger water storage capacity, can also be formed by a plurality of ponds connected by channels, can store the drained water of the ecological ditch, realizes the collection of domestic sewage tail water and farmland drainage, and realizes the reutilization of water resources and nutrient substances.
Preferably, buffer zones with the same structure as the ecological ditch are adopted around the ecological pond and the water storage pond, the width of the buffer zones is 60-100 cm, rainfall runoff impact on a water body in the pond is prevented and controlled, the function of the pond is influenced, substances such as nutrient substances, silt and the like in farmland drainage and rainfall runoff are prevented from directly overflowing into the pond, the treatment load of the ecological pond is increased, and the pond is accumulated by silt.
According to the agricultural watershed condition, a multistage ecological pond-ecological ditch-water storage pond system is formed by utilizing ditch pond water bodies communicated with the upstream and the downstream, multi-level confluence, multi-process purification, multi-level storage and reutilization are realized, and an ecological purification and resource reutilization method for agricultural non-point source pollution collection, transportation, storage and utilization is formed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an ecological management design for agricultural non-point source pollutant abatement and reuse;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the relationship of an ecological pond, an ecological ditch and a water storage pond;
FIG. 3 is a plan view and a sectional view of the ecological pond;
fig. 4 is a plan layout view and a cross-sectional view of the ecological trench.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a domestic sewage-blended agricultural drainage basin non-point source pollutant reduction and reuse ecological management design method is characterized in that: the GIS and the remote sensing technology are adopted to analyze the distribution conditions of landform, land utilization, planting structure and ditch and pond water systems, analyze the drainage and collection relation among water system landscapes in rural areas, farmlands and ditches, and determine the transportation and collection paths of the surface source pollution sources in water systems such as upstream and downstream channels and ponds in the small flow area. A pond or a depression located at the downstream of a rural sewage treatment facility or a domestic sewage discharge port is selected and transformed into an ecological pond to further purify and accumulate domestic sewage; the drained water purified by the ecological pond is connected into an ecological ditch and conveyed to the downstream. Selecting a controllable drainage ditch for draining farmland drainage, transforming the controllable drainage ditch into an ecological ditch, adopting a gate to control a drainage process, reducing and regulating the ecological ditch process, conveying and converging the drainage into a downstream connected water storage pond, flowing the treated sewage into the ecological pond for further purification, pollution reduction and accumulation, carrying out terminal storage and reutilization, and constructing a comprehensive treatment method for agricultural non-point source pollution by collection, transportation, storage and use.
The specific implementation steps are as follows:
step 1, acquiring the topography and landform of a small watershed, land utilization, a planting structure and ditch-pond water system distribution by adopting a GIS (geographic information system), a remote sensing technology and field investigation, and establishing a village and farmland-ditch-pond database of an agricultural watershed; according to topographic data, crop planting and ditch and pond water system structure distribution, the water flow convergence characteristics among villages, farmlands, ditches and ponds are determined, the water flow communication relation of the ditches and ponds is cleared, and a convergence path and an accumulation place of small-watershed drainage and rainfall runoff are formed.
And 2, selecting the original pond or natural depression according to the communication condition of the terrain and the ditch pond water system, and conveying and draining water to the ecological pond through the original or newly-built communication channel. The sewage is purified by utilizing the self decontamination capability of the ecological pond, and the ecological pond has the functions of collecting and storing tail water and provides conditions for recycling water resources and pollutants (figure 3).
a. The volume of each ecological pond is 500-2000 m3(ii) a The shape of the ecological pond is as original as possibleThe pond is designed to be elliptical or similar elliptical on the basis of the pond, and the long axis is as follows: the minor axis is about 3:1, and the water inlet and outlet channels are along the major axis direction to prolong the hydraulic retention time;
b. a water drop aeration step is arranged at the water inlet of the ecological pond and is used for increasing the oxygen content of the water body of the ecological pond; a plurality of water outlets are arranged according to the downstream channel condition of the ecological pond so as to reduce the hydraulic dead zone of the ecological pond and improve the purification effect; arranging a buffer zone on the boundary, wherein the width of the buffer zone is 2-3 times of that of the ditch and field buffer zone, so as to treat drainage and rainfall runoff overflowing into the pond from the periphery;
c. according to the practical situation of an ecological pond, the ecological pond is divided into a shallow water area (10-40 cm), a reclaimed water area (40-80 cm) and a deep water area (greater than 80cm), emergent aquatic plants with landscape effects such as drooping umbrellas, canna, calamus and the like are planted in the shallow water area, plants such as lotus and the like are planted in the reclaimed water area, a floating island is constructed in the deep water area according to an S shape, flat plastic foam plates with the size of 100cm multiplied by 4cm are selected, holes are punched according to the distance of 6cm and the aperture of 4cm, and the obtained deep water area is used as a carrier for cuttage of plants such as canna, water spinach, eleusine indica, cattail, silvergrass, rice and the like. The plant and microorganism structures are formed in the regions with different water depths, and the strengthening treatment is carried out through the combined action of plant absorption and microorganism decomposition.
And 3, forming a ditch and pond water system communicated with the ecological pond and the pond by utilizing the original channel or reconstructing and expanding the original channel water system, and selecting the channel which has the main drainage function to perform ecological reconstruction to form an ecological ditch and pond communicating pipe water system for blocking and treating the non-point source pollution process (figure 4).
a. Excavating or renovating according to the original shape and structure of the trench, wherein a trapezoidal section can be adopted, the width of the trench bottom is 80cm, the depth is 85-100 cm, and the upper width is 120 cm. The bottom of the ditch is made of soil, is flat and straight, and keeps the water permeability and the water flow stable; water plants such as cane shoots are planted at the bottom of the ditch, and the plants are planted in a grid mode, so that the purification effect of the drainage ditch process is improved, and economic benefits are created. The width of the aquatic plant square grids perpendicular to the water flow direction is 60% -80% of the width of the ditch bottom, the length of the aquatic plant square grids along the water flow direction is generally 50-100 cm, the interval between adjacent square grids on the upstream and the downstream is consistent with the width of the square grids, the aquatic plants are arranged in the square grids in a staggered mode, 3-4 rows are planted in the square grids along the water flow direction, and the aquatic plants are aligned in the overlapping range of the adjacent square grids, so that the resistance of the plants to the water flow is reduced; planting submerged plants in the grid spacer region of the aquatic plants, wherein the submerged plants can be watermifoil, tape grass, Eisenia indica, Goldfish algae, algae gathering or herba Lysimachiae Christinae, etc.;
b. the sloping surface of the two sides of the ecological ditch is lined with perforated bricks, the lining height is determined according to the depth of the drainage ditch, the perforated bricks are laid in a vertically staggered mode, a 20-40 cm region is reserved from the top of the lining of the perforated bricks to the top of the ditch and is not lined, and a buffer zone is arranged in the region. The long edges of the bricks with holes are arranged along the direction of the ditch, and the holes are horizontally built for improving the stability of the slope and discharging the seepage water of the slope; arranging a buffer zone in the region from the top of the lining perforated brick to the top of the ditch, wherein the buffer zone is 30-50 cm wide, and planting a plurality of rows of herbaceous plants such as Sudan grass and the like from bottom to top for filtering and purifying farmland runoff entering the drainage ditch;
c. the method comprises the following steps that reservoirs are arranged in the center of an ecological ditch at intervals of 5-10 m, the length of the direction of water flow of each reservoir is 100-200 cm, two sides of each reservoir are respectively about 20cm away from the boundary of the ditch bottom, the depth below the ditch bottom is 60-100 cm, the periphery of each reservoir is lined with perforated bricks, the holes are horizontally arranged, submerged plants are planted in each reservoir, the water storage capacity of the ecological ditch is increased, drainage in non-flood periods can be basically borne, drainage and pollutants are accumulated in a water storage space and are supplied to farmland irrigation and the like, the drainage and nutrient recycling are preliminarily realized, and the non-point source pollutant emission is reduced;
d. and arranging overflow weirs at intervals of 200-500 m in the ecological ditch to control the water level of the ecological ditch and prolong the hydraulic retention time. The height of the overflow weir is not lower than 1/3 of the depth of the ditch, the height of the weir crest is not higher than the drainage water level, and the drainage water level is determined according to technical Specifications for agricultural drainage engineering (SL 4-2013);
and 4, communicating the ecological ditch with a downstream water storage pond, and conveying the purified drainage to the water storage pond for storage to serve as a water source for surrounding farmlands, cultivation and the like. The water storage pond generally has larger water storage capacity, can also be formed by a plurality of ponds connected by channels, can store the drained water of the ecological ditch, realizes the collection of domestic sewage tail water and farmland drainage, and realizes the reutilization of water resources and nutrient substances.
And step 5, buffer zones with the same structure as the ecological ditch are adopted around the ecological pond and the water storage pond, the buffer zones are 60-100 cm wide, rainfall runoff impact on water in the pond is prevented and controlled, the function of the pond is influenced, substances such as nutrient substances, silt and the like in farmland drainage and rainfall runoff are prevented from directly overflowing into the pond, the treatment load of the ecological pond is increased, and the pond is accumulated by silt.
And 6, according to an implementation area, forming a multi-stage ecological pond-ecological ditch-water storage pond system by utilizing ditch pond water bodies communicated with the upstream and the downstream, realizing multi-level confluence, multi-process purification, multi-stage storage and reutilization, and forming an ecological purification and resource reutilization method for agricultural non-point source pollution collection, transportation, storage and utilization.
Claims (6)
1. A design method for agricultural drainage basin non-point source pollution reduction and recycling ecological management mixed with domestic sewage is characterized by comprising the following steps: according to rural terrains, land utilization types, planting structures and channel and pond water system distribution conditions, analyzing the terrains, land utilization, planting structures and channel and pond water system distribution conditions by adopting a GIS (geographic information system) and a remote sensing technology, analyzing drainage and collection relations among rural, farmland and channel and pond water system landscapes, and determining surface source pollution source conveying and collection paths in water systems such as upstream and downstream channels, ponds and the like in a small flow field; a pond or a depression located at the downstream of a rural sewage treatment facility or a domestic sewage discharge port is selected and transformed into an ecological pond to collect, store and further purify domestic sewage; tail water purified by the ecological pond is conveyed to downstream through the ecological ditch, and finally flows into a downstream water storage pond after being reduced in the ecological ditch process, so that 'front-end purification storage, process blocking and pollution reduction, terminal storage and reutilization' are realized; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
acquiring the topography and landform of a small watershed, land utilization, a planting structure and ditch-pond water system distribution by adopting a GIS (geographic information system), a remote sensing technology and field investigation, and establishing an agricultural watershed village and farmland-ditch-pond database; according to topographic data, crop planting and channel and pond water system structure distribution, determining the water flow convergence characteristics among villages, farmlands, channels and ponds, clarifying the channel and pond water flow communication relation, and forming a convergence path and an accumulation place of small-watershed drainage and rainfall runoff;
the ecological pond selects or reconstructs an original pond or a natural depression according to the communication condition of the terrain and the ditch pond water system, and transports rural drainage and domestic sewage to the ecological pond through an original or newly-built communication channel; the sewage is purified by utilizing the self decontamination capability of the ecological pond, the function of collecting and storing tail water is achieved, and conditions are provided for recycling water resources and pollutants;
arranging a plurality of ecological ditches at the downstream of the ecological pond, utilizing or reconstructing and expanding an original channel water system to form a pond water system communicated with the ecological pond and the pond, and carrying out ecological reconstruction on the channel bearing the main drainage function to form a water system communicated ecological pond for blocking and treating the non-point source pollution process;
the ecological ditch is communicated with a downstream water storage pond, purified drainage is conveyed to the water storage pond for storage, and water sources are provided for peripheral farmlands, cultivation and the like; the water storage pond generally has larger water storage capacity, is formed by a single pond or a plurality of ponds connected with the channel, stores the drainage water of the ecological ditch, realizes the storage and collection of the domestic sewage tail water and the farmland drainage water, and provides conditions for the reutilization of water resources and nutrient substances;
buffer zones are arranged around the ecological ditch, the ecological pond and the water storage pond, so that substances such as nutrient substances, silt and the like in farmland drainage and rainfall runoff are prevented from directly overflowing into the pond, the treatment load of the ecological pond is increased, and the pond is accumulated by silt; but also prevents and controls rainfall runoff, damages hydraulic characteristics required by pollution reduction by impacting ditch and pond water body by field drainage, and influences the exertion of ecological functions.
2. The method for reducing the non-point source pollution and recycling the ecological management and design of the agricultural drainage basin blended with the domestic sewage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ecological pond is reconstructed and expanded into an oval shape or an ellipse-like shape according to an original pond or a natural depression; collecting sewage treatment facilities and rural drainage through original channels or newly-built concealed pipes, purifying a water body by using the self decontamination capability of an ecological pond, and collecting tail water for recycling; the volume of each ecological pond is preliminarily designed to be 500-2000 m3Long axis: the minor axis is about 3:1, and water enters and exits along the major axis direction to increase the hydraulic path and prolong the hydraulic retention time; a trash rack and a water drop aeration step are arranged at the water inlet of the ecological pond and are used for blocking and filtering sundries and improving the oxygen content of the water body of the ecological pond; according to the downstream channel condition of the ecological pondA plurality of water outlets can be arranged to reduce the hydraulic dead zone of the ecological pond and improve the purification effect; a buffer zone is arranged at the boundary to prevent and control rainfall runoff and drainage flowing into the pond in a flooding way; according to the practical situation of the ecological pond, the ecological pond is divided into a shallow water area (10-40 cm), a middle water area (40-80 cm) and a deep water area (>80cm), planting emergent aquatic plants with landscape effects such as drooping canna herb, canna indica, calamus and the like in a shallow water area, planting plants such as lotus and the like in a reclaimed water area, constructing a floating island according to an S shape in a deep water area, selecting a flat plastic foam plate of 100cm multiplied by 4cm, perforating according to the distance of 6cm and the aperture of 4cm, and using the flat plastic foam plate as a carrier for cuttage of plants such as canna, water spinach, eleusine indica, cattail, silvergrass, rice and the like; plant and microorganism structures are formed in areas with different water depths, and enhanced treatment is carried out through the combined action of plant absorption and microorganism decomposition, so that the content of pollutants in water is reduced.
3. The method for reducing the non-point source pollution and recycling the ecological management and design of the agricultural drainage basin blended with the domestic sewage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ecological ditch is constructed and excavated or renovated into a trapezoidal section according to the drainage and waterlogging standard, the soil at the bottom of the ditch is flat and straight, and the water permeability and the water flow are kept stable; aquatic plant grids are arranged at the bottom of the ditch, emergent aquatic plants with economic benefits and purification effects such as wild rice shoots and the like are planted, wherein the width of the grids is generally 60% -80% of the width of the bottom of the ditch, the length of water flow is 50-100 cm, the interval between adjacent grids on the upstream and the downstream is consistent with the width of the grids, the grids are arranged in a staggered mode, aquatic plants are planted in the grids in a line along the direction of the water flow, and the plants on the upstream and the downstream at the overlapping width of the adjacent grids are aligned to reduce the obstruction of the plants to drainage; planting submerged plants in the grid spacer region, wherein the submerged plants can be Foliumet sida, herba Swertiae Bimaculatae, Sargassum horneri, Nemacystus decipiens, algae or herba Lysimachiae Christinae, etc.;
the slope surfaces on two sides of the ecological ditch are lined with perforated bricks, the upper bricks and the lower bricks are constructed in a staggered manner, the long edges of the perforated bricks on each layer are arranged along the direction of the ditch, and the holes are constructed horizontally, so that the seepage water on the slope surface is discharged, the seepage water pressure of the ditch slope is reduced, and the stability of the ditch slope is enhanced; a region of 20-40 cm from the top of the lining to the top of the ditch is left without lining, the region is provided with a ditch top buffer zone, the width of the region is 30-50 cm, and a plurality of rows of herbaceous plants such as Sudan grass and the like are planted from bottom to top and are used for filtering and purifying farmland runoff entering a drainage ditch and reducing impact of the runoff on a ditch water body;
arranging water reservoirs in the center of the ecological ditch every 5-10 m, wherein the length of each water reservoir is 100-200 cm, the distance between each two sides of each water reservoir and the boundary of the ditch bottom is about 20cm, and the depth of each water reservoir is 60-100 cm below the ditch bottom, so that the water storage capacity of the ecological ditch is increased, and the ecological ditch is used for farmland irrigation and the like; the periphery of the reservoir is lined with bricks with holes, the holes are horizontally arranged, submerged plants are planted in the reservoir, the capacity and the level of reducing and containing sewage in the ecological ditch are increased, the recycling of drainage and nutrients is preliminarily realized, and the emission of non-point source pollutants is reduced;
arranging overflow weirs every 200-500 m in the ecological ditch, controlling the water level of the ecological ditch and prolonging the hydraulic retention time; the height of the overflow weir is not lower than 1/3 of the depth of the ditch, the height of the weir crest is not higher than the drainage water level, and the drainage water level is determined according to technical Specifications for agricultural drainage engineering (SL 4-2013).
4. The agricultural drainage basin non-point source pollution abatement and recycling ecological management design method blended with domestic sewage according to claim 1, characterized in that the water storage pond is communicated with an upstream ecological ditch, and the drainage purified by the ecological ditch is conveyed to the water storage pond for storage and used as a water source for surrounding farmlands, cultivation and the like; the water storage pond generally has larger water storage capacity, can be formed by a single or a plurality of ponds connected by channels, can store the drained water of the ecological ditch, and realizes the reutilization of water resources and nutrient substances.
5. The method for reducing the non-point source pollution and recycling the ecological management and design of the agricultural drainage basin blended with the domestic sewage according to claim 1, wherein the buffer zones of the ecological pond and the water storage pond are positioned around the ecological pond and the water storage pond, have the same structure as an ecological ditch, and are 60-100 cm wide.
6. The agricultural drainage basin non-point source pollution abatement and recycling ecological management design method mixed with domestic sewage according to claim 1, wherein the ecological pond-ecological ditch-impoundment pond system can utilize ditch pond water bodies communicated with the upstream and the downstream according to the agricultural drainage basin condition to form a multi-stage system, realize multi-level confluence, multi-process purification, multi-stage storage and recycling, and form an agricultural non-point source pollution collection-output-storage-used ecological purification and resource recycling method.
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| CN114314842A (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-04-12 | 安徽新宇环保科技股份有限公司 | Agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control method applied to polder area |
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Application publication date: 20211217 |