CN211644793U - Farmland non-point source pollution control and water resource utilization system - Google Patents
Farmland non-point source pollution control and water resource utilization system Download PDFInfo
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- CN211644793U CN211644793U CN202021620142.5U CN202021620142U CN211644793U CN 211644793 U CN211644793 U CN 211644793U CN 202021620142 U CN202021620142 U CN 202021620142U CN 211644793 U CN211644793 U CN 211644793U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a farmland non-point source pollution control and water resource utilization system, which comprises a farmland (1), an ecological pool (2), an ecological ditch (3), a low-level ecological pond reservoir (4), a water lifting pump and pipeline system (5) and a high-level ecological pond reservoir (6); farmland (1) and ecological pond (2) interval distribution, ecological pond (2) intercommunication ecological irrigation canals and ditches (3), ecological irrigation canals and ditches (3) intercommunication low level ecological pond storehouse (4), low level ecological pond storehouse (4) are through water lift pump and pipe-line system (5) intercommunication high level ecological pond storehouse (6). The utility model discloses environmental protection and energy saving has fine practical value, can protect natural environment effectively, has realized farmland non-point source pollution control, water resource high-efficient utilization, has the advantage that the construction is simple and convenient and the investment cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an agricultural environment protection technical field specifically, relates to a farmland non-point source pollution control and water resource utilization system, especially a farmland non-point source pollution control and water resource high efficiency utilize system.
Background
The farmland non-point source pollution mainly refers to that in agricultural production activities, dissolved or solid pollutants, such as fertilizers, pesticides and other harmful substances applied to farmlands can pollute surface water bodies and underground water bodies through farmland runoff, farmland drainage, underground water supply and other ways along with rainfall or farmland irrigation.
Along with the intensification of agricultural industrialized production, the farmland water conservancy construction is more and more perfect, the integration and standardization degree of the farmland irrigation and drainage channels is also more and more high, although the irrigation and drainage capability of the farmland channels is improved, the water storage capability of the channels is seriously lost, and the farmland runoff directly flows into the regional water body quickly and smoothly to cause water pollution.
Publication No. CN111101479A discloses a construction method of an improved ecological ridge for reducing farmland runoff impact and non-point source pollution, which comprises the following steps: heightening and widening the size of the ridge body, and improving the structure and the shape of the ridge; arranging interception layers with different functions in the ridge body, wherein one side close to the farmland is an iron-carbon packing layer, the middle part is a zeolite layer, and one side far away from the farmland is a biological carbon layer; plants with different ecological functions are planted at the top and the outer side of the ridge, herbaceous nitrogen and phosphorus enriched plants and herbaceous soil fixing plants are planted at the top of the ridge, and herbaceous nitrogen and phosphorus enriched plants are planted at the outer side of the ridge. The ecological ridge in the patent document can effectively block the runoff of the farmland, and plays roles in keeping water and soil and preventing and controlling the leakage of non-point source pollutants; on the other hand, the side-seepage non-point source pollutant can be effectively removed, and the effect of reducing agricultural non-point source pollution is achieved; but cannot further utilize water resources.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
To the defect among the prior art, the utility model aims at providing a farmland non-point source pollution control and water resource utilization system.
According to the utility model, the farmland non-point source pollution control and water resource utilization system comprises a farmland, an ecological pond, an ecological ditch, a low-level ecological pond reservoir, a water lifting pump, a pipeline system and a high-level ecological pond reservoir;
the farmland is distributed with ecological ponds at intervals, the farmland is communicated with ecological ponds through gridding ditches, the ecological ponds are communicated with ecological ponds, the ecological ditches are communicated with low-level ecological pond reservoirs, and the low-level ecological pond reservoirs are communicated with high-level ecological pond reservoirs through water lift pumps and pipeline systems.
Preferably, the ecological pool comprises a permeable plant wall, a water inlet area, a water taking area, a water inlet, an overflow port and a water taking place;
the plant wall that permeates water separates into district, the district of intaking with ecological pool, and the district of intaking is provided with the water inlet, and the water inlet communicates the farmland, and the district of intaking is provided with the overflow mouth, and the overflow mouth communicates ecological irrigation canals and ditches, and the district of intaking is provided with water intaking department.
Preferably, the ecological ditch comprises an open channel and an underdrain, and the open channel and the underdrain are communicated and arranged at intervals.
Preferably, the open channel is paved with hollow bricks on three sides, and the hollow parts of the hollow bricks are planted with water plants.
Preferably, the underdrain is divided into an upper space and an underdrain space by a cement board, hollow bricks are laid on two sides of the upper space, and aquatic plants are planted in hollow parts of the hollow bricks;
one end in the underdrain space is provided with water inlet, and the other end in the underdrain space is provided with water outlet, and biofilm carrier hangs to the downside of cement board.
Preferably, plants, animals and microorganisms are cultured in the low ecological pond and the high ecological pond.
Preferably, the plant coverage rate in the low ecological pond is not less than one third of the area of the low ecological pond, and the plant coverage rate in the high ecological pond is not less than one third of the area of the high ecological pond.
Preferably, the plant is an aquatic plant having a water quality purification effect.
Preferably, the plants include submerged plants and emergent plants.
According to the utility model, the farmland non-point source pollution control and water resource utilization system comprises a farmland, an ecological pond, an ecological ditch, a low-level ecological pond reservoir, a water lifting pump, a pipeline system and a high-level ecological pond reservoir;
the farmland and the ecological ponds are distributed at intervals, the farmland is communicated with the ecological ponds through gridding ditches, the ecological ponds are communicated with the ecological ditches, the ecological ditches are communicated with the low-level ecological pond reservoirs, and the low-level ecological pond reservoirs are communicated with the high-level ecological pond reservoirs through water lifting pumps and pipeline systems;
the ecological pond comprises a permeable plant wall, a water inlet area, a water taking area, a water inlet, an overflow port and a water taking place;
the permeable plant wall divides the ecological pool into a water inlet area and a water taking area, the water inlet area is provided with a water inlet, the water inlet is communicated with the farmland, the water taking area is provided with an overflow port, the overflow port is communicated with the ecological ditch, and the water taking area is provided with a water taking place;
the ecological ditch comprises an open channel and a closed channel, and the open channel and the closed channel are communicated and arranged at intervals;
laying hollow bricks on three sides of the open channel, and planting water plants in the hollow parts of the hollow bricks;
the underdrain is divided into an upper space and an underdrain space by a cement board, hollow bricks are laid on two sides of the upper space, and aquatic plants are planted in hollow parts of the hollow bricks;
one end of the underdrain space is provided with a water inlet, the other end of the underdrain space is provided with a water outlet, and biological fillers are suspended on the lower side surface of the cement plate;
plants, animals and microorganisms are cultured in the low ecological pond and the high ecological pond;
the plant coverage rate in the low ecological pond pool is not less than one third of the area of the low ecological pond pool, and the plant coverage rate in the high ecological pond pool is not less than one third of the area of the high ecological pond pool;
the plants are aquatic plants with water quality purification function;
the plants include submerged plants and emergent plants.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:
1. the utility model discloses environmental protection and energy saving has fine practical value, can protect natural environment effectively, has realized farmland non-point source pollution control, water resource high-efficient utilization, has the advantage that the construction is simple and convenient and the investment cost is low.
2. The utility model discloses can realize farmland non-point source pollution effective control: the water in the ecological pond is used for farmland irrigation, so that the farmland fertilizing amount and the pesticide amount can be reduced from the source; the interception and purification effects of the ecological ponds, the ecological ditches and the ecological pond reservoirs on farmland runoff reduce the amount of pollutants entering surface rivers/lakes.
3. The utility model discloses can improve water resource utilization efficiency: the utility model discloses a circulating water resource utilization system has been formed, the water in preferentially using ecological pool and the ecological pool storehouse during irrigation, can reduce the irrigation water intaking volume of farmland groundwater and surface water, has improved the utilization efficiency of water resource, has improved the water utilization pattern.
4. The utility model discloses the construction is simple and convenient and the investment cost is low: the ecological ditch is generally formed by dredging, transforming and constructing on the basis of the irrigation ditch of the original farmer, and meanwhile, the terrain is fully utilized to construct a high-low ecological pond and reservoir, so that the whole system has small floor area, simple and convenient construction and low investment cost.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the ecological pool of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the open channel of the ecological ditch of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the underdrain of the ecological ditch of the present invention.
The figures show that:
farmland 1 permeable plant wall 21 underdrain 31
Ecological pond 2 intake area 22 open channel 32
5 overflow 25 underdrain space 35 of water lift pump and piping system
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
According to the utility model, as shown in fig. 1-4, the farmland non-point source pollution control and water resource utilization system comprises a farmland 1, an ecological pond 2, an ecological ditch 3, a low-level ecological pond reservoir 4, a water lift pump and pipeline system 5 and a high-level ecological pond reservoir 6; farmland 1 and ecological pond 2 interval distribution, farmland 1 communicates ecological pond 2 through gridding irrigation canals and ditches 11, ecological pond 2 communicates ecological ditch canals and ditches 3, and ecological ditch canals and ditches 3 communicate low-level ecological pond storehouse 4, and low-level ecological pond storehouse 4 communicates high-level ecological pond storehouse 6 through water lift pump and pipe-line system 5. The utility model changes the traditional irrigation mode of 'pumping and cleaning sewage', and forms an efficient water resource circulation system, the utility model is environment-friendly and energy-saving, has good practical value, and can effectively protect the natural environment; realizes the farmland non-point source pollution control and the efficient utilization of water resources, and has the advantages of simple and convenient construction and low investment cost.
As shown in fig. 2, the ecological pool 2 comprises a permeable plant wall 21, a water intake area 22, a water intake area 23, a water inlet 24, an overflow port 25 and a water intake place 26; plant wall 21 permeates water separates into district 22, the district 23 of intaking with ecological pool 2, and intake area 22 is provided with water inlet 24, and water inlet 24 communicates farmland 1, and the district 23 of intaking is provided with overflow mouth 25, and overflow mouth 25 communicates ecological irrigation canals and ditches 3, and the district 23 of intaking is provided with water intaking department 26.
As shown in fig. 1, the ecological ditch 3 comprises an open channel 32 and an underdrain 31, and the open channel 32 and the underdrain 31 are communicated and arranged at intervals. As shown in fig. 3, the open channel 32 is provided with air bricks 33 on three sides, and the hollow part of the air brick 33 is planted with water plants. As shown in fig. 4, the underdrain 31 is divided into an upper space and an underdrain space 35 by a cement board 34, hollow bricks 33 are laid on both sides of the upper space, and aquatic plants are planted in the hollow parts of the hollow bricks 33; one end of the underdrain space 35 is provided with a water inlet, the other end of the underdrain space 35 is provided with a water outlet, and biological fillers 36 are suspended on the lower side surface of the cement plate 34. Plants, animals and microorganisms are cultured in the low ecological pond 4 and the high ecological pond 6. The plant coverage rate in the low ecological pond reservoir 4 is not less than one third of the area of the low ecological pond reservoir 4, and the plant coverage rate in the high ecological pond reservoir 6 is not less than one third of the area of the high ecological pond reservoir 6. The plant is an aquatic plant with water quality purification function. The plants include submerged plants and emergent plants.
While the basic embodiment of the present application has been described above, the present application will be described in more detail with reference to preferred embodiments and/or variations of the basic embodiment.
Example (b):
a farmland non-point source pollution control and water resource utilization system mainly comprises a farmland 1, an ecological pond 2, an ecological ditch 3, a low-level ecological pond reservoir 4, a water lifting pump and pipeline system 5 and a high-level ecological pond reservoir 6. The key points of the structure are as follows: farmland 1 field runoff that produces in irrigation or rainfall process enters into ecological pool 2 through the current latticed irrigation canals and ditches 11 in farmland, reach overflow mouth department when ecological pool 2's water level, water gets into ecological irrigation canals and ditches 3 with the overflow, the farmland runoff is after the transmission and the purification of ecological irrigation canals and ditches, enter into low-order pond storehouse 4, when low-order pond storehouse 4 reaches the design water level, promote to high-order pond storehouse 6 through water lift pump and pipe-line system 5, preferentially use the water in high-order pond storehouse 6 and the ecological pool 2 to carry out the field irrigation when the field irrigation, thereby form an effective control non-point source pollution and realize water resource cyclic utilization's farmland non-point source pollution control and water resource high efficiency utilization system.
Ecological pond 2 is including the plant wall 21 that permeates water, and the plant wall 21 that permeates water cuts apart into water district 22 and water intaking district 23 with ecological pond 2. Farmland runoff enters the ecological pool 2 through the water inlet 24, and when the ecological pool 2 water level reaches the overflow port 25, water enters the ecological ditch 3 from the ecological pool 2. When the farmland needs to be irrigated, the water is pumped out by placing the water pump at the water taking part 26, and most of silt can be intercepted by the permeable plant wall 21, so that blockage caused by sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation of farmers can be effectively avoided; partial water flow after irrigation can return to the ecological pool 2 through ground runoff and underground seepage. Because the ecological pool 2 does not purify the water, the water stored in the pool contains a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the ecological pool is used as irrigation water to be beneficial to the growth of plants and reduce the usage amount of pesticides and the amount of pollutants discharged into a river channel. In order to ensure safety, an interception net is arranged on the periphery of the ecological pool 2 and a warning board is hung on the ecological pool so as to prevent the farmer from falling into the pool carelessly.
The ecological ditch 3 mainly has a rectangular or trapezoidal section, the ecological ditch 3 is divided into an open channel 32 and an underdrain 31, and the open channel 32 and the underdrain 31 are distributed at intervals. Hollow bricks 33 (preferably hexagonal hollow bricks) are paved on three surfaces of the ditch of the open ditch 32 for slope protection, so that the resistance of the ditch to water flow is reduced, and the water conservancy flood discharge condition in a rainstorm season is met; meanwhile, aquatic plants are planted in the hollow part, so that the function of intercepting silt is achieved. The underdrain 31 is separated from the upper space by a cement plate 34, a water inlet is arranged on the initial section of the underdrain 31, water flows enter the underdrain 31, a biological filler 36 is suspended below the cement plate 34, and because the underdrain space 35 is an anoxic environment, the biological filler 36 is easy to provide a growth space for denitrifying microorganisms, so that the removal effect of total nitrogen in farmland runoff is enhanced. In rainy season, the flow velocity of water flow in the ecological ditch 3 is large, most of the water flow cannot seep into the closed channel 31 and mainly flows into the low pond 4 through the open channel 32; when the water flow is less in dry seasons, the flow rate is slow, the water flow enters the closed channel 31 and is fully contacted with microorganisms, and the effect of removing nitrogen through denitrification is more obvious.
The low-level ecological pond reservoir 4 and the high-level ecological pond reservoir 6 are internally provided with finished water ecological systems which are composed of plants, animals, microorganisms and the like. The plants are suitable for selecting aquatic plants which have good ecological adaptability, long annual growth period, preferably semi-withered or evergreen plants in winter and have the water quality purification function; generally, submerged plants are taken as main materials and are matched with emergent aquatic plants, and the coverage rate of the plants is not less than 1/3 of the area of the ecological pond; and putting a proper amount of aquatic animals and microorganisms into the pond reservoir to construct an ecological food chain and enhance the stability of the ecological pond reservoir.
In one embodiment, the ecological pool 2 has a size of 3m 1.5m and a design water level of 1.2 m. The height of the lower part of the permeable plant wall 21 is 0.8 m, the permeable plant wall is formed by piling permeable bags filled with materials such as sand, gravel, pebbles, soil and the like, and dense emergent aquatic plants including but not limited to canna, reed, cress and the like are planted on the upper part.
In one embodiment, the ecological ditch 3 is formed by dredging and transforming an original farmland irrigation ditch, the cross section of the ecological ditch is rectangular, the width of the ditch is 0.8 m, and the height of the ditch is 0.5 m; the open channels 32 and the underdrains 31 are arranged at regular intervals, i.e., 200 meters of open channels 32 are arranged with 50 meters of underdrains 31.
In a specific embodiment, the depth of the ecological pond reservoirs (including the low ecological pond reservoir 4 and the high ecological pond reservoir 6) is 2-5 m, and the plant coverage rate in the ecological pond reservoirs is more than 70%, wherein emergent aquatic plants comprise loosestrife, calamus, cattail, reed, rush and the like, submerged plants comprise golden carp, eel grass, hydrilla and the like, and aquatic plants comprise water lily, common duckweed, red azolla and the like. Aquatic animals such as fish and species such as functional microorganisms are put into the system, and a complete water ecosystem is constructed.
The utility model provides a farmland non-point source pollution control and water resource high efficiency utilize system, this system have changed "the drainage" traditional irrigation mode of taking out, fully trample "the farmland pollutant is not arranged outward, and the theory of water resource high efficiency utilization" realizes the high-efficient utilization of water resourceization when controlling farmland non-point source pollution, reaches energy-concerving and environment-protective requirement. The utility model discloses avoid the farmland runoff to directly get into earth's surface river/lake, will pollute the heavier farmland runoff and detain in ecological pool, ecological irrigation canals and ditches and the ecological pool storehouse, when needs are irrigated, water in rethread water pump pumping ecological pool and the ecological pool storehouse carries out the field irrigation to form the farmland non-point source pollution control and the water resource high-efficient system of utilizing of a high efficiency, closed "subtract outer row, water conservation". The utility model has the advantages of implement simply, area is little, the operation of being convenient for is maintained, and capital construction investment cost is low, combines self characteristics, its protection that is mainly applicable to farmland non-point source pollution control, river/lake and the promotion of water resource utilization efficiency.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing description of the specific embodiments of the invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. A farmland non-point source pollution control and water resource utilization system is characterized by comprising a farmland (1), an ecological pond (2), an ecological ditch (3), a low-level ecological pond reservoir (4), a water lifting pump and pipeline system (5) and a high-level ecological pond reservoir (6);
farmland (1) and ecological pool (2) interval distribution, farmland (1) are through gridding irrigation canals and ditches (11) intercommunication ecological pool (2), ecological pool (2) intercommunication ecological irrigation canals and ditches (3), ecological irrigation canals and ditches (3) intercommunication low level ecological pond storehouse (4), and low level ecological pond storehouse (4) are through water lift pump and pipe-line system (5) intercommunication high level ecological pond storehouse (6).
2. The system for non-point source pollution control and water resource utilization in farmland as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ecological pool (2) comprises a permeable plant wall (21), a water intake area (22), a water intake area (23), a water inlet (24), an overflow port (25) and a water intake (26);
the plant wall (21) permeates water separates into intake zone (22), district of intaking (23) with ecological pond (2), and intake zone (22) is provided with water inlet (24), and water inlet (24) communicate farmland (1), and district of intaking (23) is provided with overflow mouth (25), and overflow mouth (25) communicate ecological irrigation canals and ditches (3), and district of intaking (23) is provided with water intaking department (26).
3. The system for farmland non-point source pollution control and water resource utilization according to claim 1, wherein the ecological ditch (3) comprises an open channel (32) and an underdrain (31), and the open channel (32) and the underdrain (31) are communicated and arranged at intervals.
4. The system for farmland non-point source pollution control and water resource utilization according to claim 3, wherein the open channel (32) is paved with hollow bricks (33) on three sides, and the hollow parts of the hollow bricks (33) are planted with water plants.
5. The system for farmland non-point source pollution control and water resource utilization according to claim 3, wherein the underdrain (31) is divided into an upper space and an underdrain space (35) by a cement board (34), hollow bricks (33) are laid on both sides of the upper space, and aquatic weeds are planted in hollow parts of the hollow bricks (33);
one end of the underdrain space (35) is provided with a water inlet, the other end of the underdrain space (35) is provided with a water outlet, and biological filler (36) is suspended on the lower side surface of the cement plate (34).
6. The system for farmland non-point source pollution control and water resource utilization according to claim 1, wherein plants, animals and microorganisms are cultivated in the low ecological pond reservoir (4) and the high ecological pond reservoir (6).
7. The system for farmland non-point source pollution control and water resource utilization according to claim 6, characterized in that the plant coverage in the low-level ecological pond reservoir (4) is not less than one third of the area of the low-level ecological pond reservoir (4), and the plant coverage in the high-level ecological pond reservoir (6) is not less than one third of the area of the high-level ecological pond reservoir (6).
8. The system of claim 6, wherein the plants are aquatic plants having water purification effects.
9. The system of claim 6, wherein the plants comprise submerged plants and emerged plants.
10. A farmland non-point source pollution control and water resource utilization system is characterized by comprising a farmland (1), an ecological pond (2), an ecological ditch (3), a low-level ecological pond reservoir (4), a water lifting pump and pipeline system (5) and a high-level ecological pond reservoir (6);
the farmland (1) and the ecological ponds (2) are distributed at intervals, the farmland (1) is communicated with the ecological ponds (2) through gridding ditches (11), the ecological ponds (2) are communicated with the ecological ditches (3), the ecological ditches (3) are communicated with the low-level ecological pond reservoirs (4), and the low-level ecological pond reservoirs (4) are communicated with the high-level ecological pond reservoirs (6) through water lift pumps and a pipeline system (5);
the ecological pool (2) comprises a permeable plant wall (21), a water inlet area (22), a water taking area (23), a water inlet (24), an overflow port (25) and a water taking place (26);
the water permeable plant wall (21) divides the ecological pool (2) into a water inlet area (22) and a water taking area (23), the water inlet area (22) is provided with a water inlet (24), the water inlet (24) is communicated with the farmland (1), the water taking area (23) is provided with an overflow port (25), the overflow port (25) is communicated with the ecological ditch (3), and the water taking area (23) is provided with a water taking part (26);
the ecological ditch (3) comprises an open channel (32) and an underdrain (31), wherein the open channel (32) and the underdrain (31) are communicated and arranged at intervals;
hollow bricks (33) are laid on three sides of the open channel (32), and water plants are planted in the hollow parts of the hollow bricks (33);
the underdrain (31) is divided into an upper space and an underdrain space (35) by a cement board (34), hollow bricks (33) are laid on two sides of the upper space, and water plants are planted in hollow parts of the hollow bricks (33);
a water inlet is formed in one end of the underdrain space (35), a water outlet is formed in the other end of the underdrain space (35), and biological fillers (36) are suspended on the lower side surface of the cement plate (34);
plants, animals and microorganisms are cultured in the low-level ecological pond reservoir (4) and the high-level ecological pond reservoir (6);
the plant coverage rate in the low-level ecological pond reservoir (4) is not less than one third of the area of the low-level ecological pond reservoir (4), and the plant coverage rate in the high-level ecological pond reservoir (6) is not less than one third of the area of the high-level ecological pond reservoir (6);
the plants are aquatic plants with water quality purification function;
the plants include submerged plants and emergent plants.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113800641A (en) * | 2021-09-05 | 2021-12-17 | 桂林理工大学 | Agricultural drainage basin non-point source pollution reduction and recycling ecological management design method mixed with domestic sewage |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113800641A (en) * | 2021-09-05 | 2021-12-17 | 桂林理工大学 | Agricultural drainage basin non-point source pollution reduction and recycling ecological management design method mixed with domestic sewage |
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