CN101921042B - Alternate combined wetland system and method for efficiently removing nitrogen and phosphorus in urban wastewater - Google Patents
Alternate combined wetland system and method for efficiently removing nitrogen and phosphorus in urban wastewater Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an alternate combined wetland system and a method for efficiently removing nitrogen and phosphorus in urban wastewater, belonging to the field of wastewater treatment. The system comprises a water taking system which is characterized by sequentially distributing four artificial wetland structural units of vertical composite flow, surface flow, underflow and an ecological pond. The water taking system enables the urban wastewater to uniformly flow into the artificial wetland of vertical composite flow; the entering domestic wastewater is uniformly distributed in a shape like the Chinese character 'wang(surname)', the discharged water enters the front end of the wetland structural unit of surface flow, the back end collects the water from the surfaces of perforated pipes, and then, the water is discharged out of the system; the discharged water uniformly flows into the artificial wetland unit of underflow from water inlet square holes through a water distributing tank; and then, after the wastewater flows into a water collecting tank, the wastewater is conveyed to the ecological pond. The system of the invention enables the cumulative mean removing rates of COD, TN, ammonia nitrogen and TP to respectively reach about 55.6%, 84.0%, 76.7% and 84.4%. The system improves the quality of the aquatic environment and the aquatic ecological environment, beautifies the landscape, and has good environmental economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the removal system and method for nitrogen phosphorus in a kind of urban wastewater, the alternate combined wetland system of saying so more specifically and the efficient method of removing nitrogen phosphorus in the urban wastewater.
Background technology
Along with actively pushing forward of administering of industrial point source and widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area and strengthen; And the acceleration of urbanization process, the polynary characteristic of confluxing of urban wastewater (sewage, municipal effluent plant tail water, urban runoff and overflow sewage etc.), high-pollution load characteristic, high be responsible for that characteristic (conventional nitrogen phosphorus, heavy metal and organic contamination) made that it becomes basin-wide river mainly go into the river source of pollution.Latest information shows that the effluent sewage quantity discharged had surpassed more than 1 times of the beginning of the eighties in 2008, and these effluent sewages are unprocessed river,lake and reservior and the offshore sea waters of directly entering more than 80%, makes these waters be subjected to unprecedented pollution in wide area.2008, in 408 surface water monitoring sections in China 197 rivers of seven big water systems (containing the river, national boundaries), the monitoring section more than 54% was bad V class water quality.When the trunk river pollution failed effectively to be contained, The development in society and economy made pollution load constantly increase again.Existing advanced treatment technology is like sewage work's centrally disposing sewage; Even reach one-level A standard; Concerning surface water, still be the secondary pollution source, in addition, expensive construction and working cost also are that one samll cities and towns are unaffordable; Therefore, be badly in need of the ecological disposal technology of urban wastewater that is suitable for pollution load height, pollution composition complicacy that a kind of construction costs is low, effluent quality good, processing efficiency is high.The present invention as a kind of compound wetland technology just have construction, working cost is low, be easy to safeguard, technical difficulty is low, the advantage applied in backward areas suits.
External artificial swamp The Application of Technology starts from 1953, and Holland developed in 1967 and a kind ofly is called the extensive free water surface current wet land treating system of Lelystad Process at present and builds up in a large number in Holland.Late 1960s, the someone has proposed root district method wet land system, and the U.S. has developed " anaerobion and reed dispose of sewage composite system " and indicated that artificial swamp begins to receive publicity as a kind of sewage disposal technology.Through nearly 15 years research and development, in the popularization that is applied of many countries such as Britain, the U.S., nz, France, Australia, Brazil, Holland, some developing countries also bring into use this technology to solve domestic sewage handling problem to this technology.Range of application also constantly enlarges, and except being used for Treating Municipal Sewage, also is applied to the processing of various wastewater such as trade effluent, widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, rubbish transudate, storm runoff, shows good effect
[6]
The existing hundreds of artificial swamp in Europe drops into the wastewater treatment operation at present, and the 4th international symposium that holds in the Austria Vienna in September, 1996 indicates that artificial wet land system formally gets into the water pollution control field as a kind of unique novel waste water technology.
But these use most application that are limited to the single kind artificial swamp.The surface current wetland is at European slower development, but in the North America, the surface current wetland but is the main processing wetland.In Europe, underground undercurrent system applies is more, and in Europe, this type systematic trend is carried out second-stage treatment to the rural area level community of nearly 1000 populations, and the North America then tends to the advanced processes of more populations, then is used to handle all kinds of waste water in Australia and South Africa.
One is limited on treatment scale, is difficult to be applied to the basin water body treating.The free surface streaming system of the U.S. 70% and 90% undercurrent type system processing power are less than 3800m
3/ d.One is less for the treatment scale of undercurrent type system, and the processing power scope is 5～11400m
3/ d, medium scale undercurrent system processing power is 210m
3/ d, the average treatment ability is 1150m
3/ d.The free surface flow system scale is bigger, and processing power is 200～76000m
3/ d, medium-scale processing power is 1770m
3/ d, the average treatment ability is 7350m
3/ d
[8]
It is later that China utilizes artificial swamp to handle the waste water development, is in the starting stage at present.Since " the Seventh Five-Year Plan ", China has carried out the test that practical scale is arrived in artificial swamp lab scale, pilot scale, has obtained achievements in research such as artificial wetland process characteristic, technical essential and engineering parameter.In " eight or five " brainstorm subject " Dian Chi buffer zone agricultural run-off pollution control engineering technical study ", the artificial swamp engineering that will handle city domestic sewage again first is used to handle agricultural wastewater.Now the artificial swamp treatment technology in China by extensive employing; Be mainly used in and handle sewage, mine water outlet, oil field extracted water, paper waste, milk product waste, explosive waste water, refinery water, herding waste water etc., but the processing that is applied to the complicated heavily contaminated urban wastewater river water body of water yield instability, pollutant component does not then still have report both at home and abroad.
Can find out from prior art; Artificial swamp truly have soil removability preferably; But also there are a lot of reports and research to show; A lot of problems has appearred in artificial wet land system result and not all satisfactory after long-time running for some time particularly in actual operating state, and these problems all have to be solved.Wherein mainly comprise:
(1) removes the particularly removal efficient instability of nitrogen, phosphorus of efficient.Though most of artificial wetland can both reach the expection removal effect before the design, still have a large amount of reports and research to show that the removal effect of most of artificial swamps is poorer than what expect, and be difficult to guarantee the permanent stability of removal effect.Artificial swamp can not solve the high problem of water outlet ammonia nitrogen concentration, worse off when temperature reduces well.The reason that causes this otherness mainly is hydraulic load, filler and technology different of wetland; Many influence factors cause breadboard result and data to be complementary with open-air artificial swamp in the reality, and this has caused very big difficulty to the design and the management of long-term of artificial swamp undoubtedly.
(2) wet land filler blocking problem.Along with the operation of artificial swamp, organic matter can accumulate gradually in filler and cause filler to block.According to the investigation of more than 100 artificial swamp of the U.S., there is half the wetland to form obstruction in back 5 years putting into operation nearly, caused surperficial cross flow, reduced processing efficiency.But because wetland bed blocking mechanism though many achievements are arranged, also has many problems to require study too in complicated and extensive.
(3) the wetland application technology is more single.Combination process seldom occurs and unite the instance of utilization,, also do not get into the pilot scale plant stage even have; How to bring into play various wetland unit structures advantage, avoid its shortcoming and be optimized combination; Reaching best pollution removal effect, improve system stability, will be the focus of future studies.At present,, always have 145, relate to have 13 of combination process, do not have the combination type wetland system of the application's patent design about the patent of wetland through retrieval.Related patent U.S. Patent No. China has 8; Mainly be to use after according to process object several kinds of wetland units being made up; Wherein, the patent No. be CN101481177 be with the dirty waste water of surface current and horizontal drowned flow wetland combination aftertreatment, CN1686868 be with vertical current and surface current wetland combination aftertreatment domestic waste water, CN1884139 be with vertical current and surface current make up on the spot aftertreatment municipal wastewater, CN2905775 be with horizontal flow and vertical-flow wetland combination aftertreatment waste water, CN1686860 be that cities and towns, river and reservoir water body are administered with being used for after biological regulating reservoir+settling tank+aeration tank+artificial undercurrent+labor statement surface current combination, CN101475289 be with the dirty waste water of intensified type biological reaction tank+subsurface flow wetland system combined treatment, CN101274798 be with current wetland+pond combination aftertreatment micro-polluted source water, CN101177317 be with settling tank+a plurality of vertical current constructed wetlands make up the aftertreatment polluted-waters, CN1789175 makes up the aftertreatment polluted-water with anaerobic pond+drop reoxygenation contact-oxidation pool+artificial swamp.1 of Japanese Patent, the patent No. be JP11309483 be the processing that is used for many mud waste waters after the bio-oxidation pond+wetland bed combination of porous plant with the tape drum air pump; 3 of Korean Patent; Mainly be with catalytic oxidation/straining installation and the contaminated river of wetland combination aftertreatment Lake Water Body; Wherein, KR20050109183 be with wetland unit+catalytic oxidation/straining installation make up, KR100741019 is with water distribution+vertical wetland+settling tank+contact-oxidation pool makes up, KR20060028233 makes up upstriker contact/straining installation+artificial swamp; 1 of USP, the patent No. is US2006124540, is with anaerobic reactor+filtering basin+water planting reactor drum+dirty waste water of vertical-flow wetland combination aftertreatment.Can find out by the foregoing invention patent; One is used current combined artificial wetland after making up in twos by vertical subsurface flow, horizontal drowned flow, three kinds of wetlands of surface current; One is the simple relatively water body of pollutant component for an application; Do not see at present the report that is applied to the higher urban wastewater of pollutant component complicacy and pollution load as yet; To the best processing mode of this type polluted-water is exactly through the repeatedly alternately regulation and control (similar with the A/O process adjustments in the sewage work) to aerobic in the treatment process and anaerobic environment, reaches the purpose of effective removal pollutent.
Summary of the invention
1. invent the technical problem that will solve
To the problem that proposes in the above-mentioned technical background; (source of pollution are polynary to conflux with the pollution load height in the present invention; Comprise Sewage Plant tail water, industrial and agricultural wastewater etc.) urban wastewater be application, alternate combined wetland system and the efficient method of removing nitrogen phosphorus in the urban wastewater are provided, with the artificial wet land system that vertical combined-flow wetland structure unit-surface current wetland structure unit-current wetland structural unit-ecological pond wetland structure unit plural serial stage is combined to form; Urban wastewater is carried out the degree of depth to be disposed; Utilize the different dissolved oxygen environment in different structure unit, biosystem is regulated and control, further improve denitrogenation dephosphorizing efficient; Make the effluent quality long-term stability can reach surface water quality of water environment IV class water body standard, satisfy the requirement of the in line entering downstream river course of urban wastewater.
2. technical scheme of the present invention:
Inventive principle:
To ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, TP and COD in the urban wastewater
MnThe pollution characteristic of pollution load height and complicated component; Consider that aerobic-anaerobism replaces high-efficient denitrification and dephosphorization mechanism in the sewage treatment process; Select vertical combined-flow wetland structure unit-surface current wetland structure unit-current wetland structural unit-ecological pond wetland structure unit combination technical process for use; Utilize different dissolved oxygen environment in different structure unit and biosystem structure to regulate and control, reach the purpose of high-efficient denitrification and dephosphorization.
According to the difference of engineering design and water body fluidised form, artificial marsh sewage treatment system can be divided into surface current artificial wetland, drowned flow artificial wet land and vertical current constructed wetland.The surface current artificial wetland is meant that waste water is in the filling surface cross flow; It and natural wetland are the most approaching, and surface current artificial wetland's oxidation effect is good, and it is not high to purify load; Floor space is big, and the degraded of most organic is to be accomplished by long microbial film on cane under the vegetation water.Drowned flow artificial wet land is meant water seepage flow under filling surface, can make full use of the microbial film of filling surface growth, abundant root system of plant and veneer of soil and filler crown_interception on the one hand, improves treatment effect and processing power; Flow under the surface owing to current on the other hand, good heat preservation performance, treatment effect receives weather effect little, and sanitary condition specific surface person who lives in exile worker wetland has clear improvement.Vertical current constructed wetland is divided into single descending vertical current constructed wetland and vertical compound flow constructed wetland according to various structure; Vertical compound flow constructed wetland is a kind of wet land system with unique compound water flow mode of downstream-up stream; It makes current flow through processing matrix more fully; Solved the problem of infiltration wetland " short circuit " in the past, and the compound water treatment structure that has formed aerobic and anaerobic condition and deposited, significantly improved system's denitrification effect.
Ecological pond is to be the initial energy with sun power; Be utilized in planting aquatic plants in the pool, carry out aquatic products, aquatic bird breed, form artificial ecosystem; And the organic pollutant in the sewage is degraded and transform through many food chains in the ecosystem; And carry out resource with the form of waterplant, aquatic products and aquatic bird and reclaim, WWT and utilization are combined, realize the WWT resource utilization.
Technical scheme of the present invention is following:
A kind of alternate combined wetland system comprises water intake system, distributes in proper order according to vertical combined-flow-surface current-four kinds of artificial swamp structural units of undercurrent-ecological pond.
The pump hole water-in of water intake system is provided with grid and can reaches the pretreating effect of removing big suspended substance.
Vertical compound flow constructed wetland unit is because the stronger and unique water distribution uniformity mode of its anti-water impact ability; Place it in the combination process front end; In conjunction with secreting the oxygen plants configuration; Make sewage experience to the flow process of up pond from the structural unit downstream tank aerobic-amphimicrobian-facultative aerobic-aerobic biochemical reaction course; Helping macromole organic pollution materials (difficult degradation COD) anaerobic digestion is that small molecules is easy to degradation material, also helps the aerobic nitrification and the anaerobic denitrifying process of nitrogen compound, reaches the effect of efficient removal total nitrogen, COD; The wetland matrix fill also can efficiently be removed TP, and growing plants also can secrete oxygen accelerating system reoxygenation process and reduce the system jams probability through root system on the matrix;
Surface current artificial wetland's area is broader; Hydraulic load is less, has to show to expose to the sun the oxygenation effect, places it in the system middle part; Help the aerobic environment in the recovery system; Further greatly the aerobic denitrogenation dephosphorizing microorganism biological of performance is active, can the further oxidation of small molecules pollutent of anaerobic digestion in the vertical current unit be cleared up, and in conjunction with botanical system it is played a key effect in each form nitrogen is removed;
The drowned flow artificial wet land unit; Water can guarantee effluent quality preferably in the matrix current downflow, places the 3rd structural unit; The little aerobic and anaerobic environment that current wetland is built; Both can bring into play further that the difficult degradation organic molecule was decomposed into the effect that is prone to the degraded organic molecule, can excite anaerobic denitrifying process microbic activity once more again, the climax that another removes each form nitrogen occur;
Ecological pond is placed at last, sluggish flow in the modular construction, and artificial pasture and water are rich; It is sufficient that dissolved oxygen recovers again; The combined action of waterplant and aerobic microbiological can further reduce the water outlet pollution load, particularly in TP and ammonia nitrogen removal, plays a significant role, and guarantees effluent quality.
Above system specific embodiments is:
The method of nitrogen phosphorus the steps include: in a kind of efficient removal urban wastewater
(1) water intake system adopts the back of catchmenting, pump hole to deliver to vertical compound flow constructed wetland unit water distribution system with pipeline with submersible pump again after with the urban wastewater lift height, flows into vertical compound flow constructed wetland then uniformly;
(2) get into the urban wastewater of vertical combined artificial stream wetland unit downstream tank, adopt " king " font water distribution uniformity, under the current direction behind downstream tank and bottom, up pond connecting tube, discharge system after catchmenting by up pond water leg; Hydraulic load 0.60～0.90m
3/ m
2D, long-width ratio was less than 2: 1, and the gradient is 0.15%～1%;
(3) through perforated pipe surface current wetland structure unit front end is sent in the composite vertical current artificial wetland water outlet, carried out the front end water distribution, discharge system after being catchmented by the perforated pipe surface in the rear end, water distribution in wave shape in the pond; Hydraulic load 0.15～0.2m
3/ m
2D, pond body long-width ratio is controlled at below 3: 1, and the gradient is 0.05%～0.5%; The pond body does not have impervious barrier, and matrix adopts natural soil; Botanical system should keep endemic species such as reed, increases in no reed place and plants Scirpus tabernaemontani, cattail or Canna generalis Bailey;
(4) water outlet of surface current artificial wetland unit evenly flows into the drowned flow artificial wet land unit through distributing trough by the water inlet square hole, and drowned flow artificial wet land unit rear is provided with water leg, and cell body size and front end distributing trough are just the same, whenever set out one in water hole at a distance from 0.5～1m; Hydraulic load 0.80～1.25m
3/ m
2D, pond body long-width ratio is controlled at below 3: 2, and the gradient is 0.2%～1%; The filler selection is consistent with vertical compound flow constructed wetland with deployment scenarios; Sewage flows in the water leg from posticum, delivers to ecological pond by pipeline again; Botanical system pond body front end is selected Spiked Loosestrife, and aquatic iris is selected in the rear end;
(5) after sewage flows into water leg from undercurrent unit posticum; Deliver to ecological pond by pipeline, pool body available depth is made as 2.0m, separates with earth dam between 3 processing units; Sewage finally gets into ecological riverway at tail end and enters basin-wide river course through 3 in wave shape flowing of processing unit; Hydraulic load 0.25～0.40m
3/ m
2D, long-width ratio is controlled at below 3: 1, and the gradient is 0.05%～0.5%; Plant floating plant in the ecological pond.
Hydraulic load 0.6～0.90m in the above-mentioned steps (2)
3/ m
2D, long-width ratio was less than 2: 1, and the gradient is 0.15%～1%.On the matrix growing plants select well developed root system thick with secrete the stronger plant of oxygen ability.
Impervious element is not laid in excavation back compacting at the bottom of the pond in the ecological pond in the above-mentioned steps (5); The bitter leaf grass of plantation floating plant, water lily and duckweed, stocked carp.
3. beneficial effect
The present invention provides a kind of alternate combined wetland system and the efficient method of removing nitrogen phosphorus in the urban wastewater; With the artificial wet land system that vertical combined-flow wetland structure unit-surface current wetland structure unit-current wetland structural unit-ecological pond wetland structure unit plural serial stage is combined to form; Urban wastewater is carried out the degree of depth to be disposed; Case verification through pilot scale shows as following advantage with respect to existing wet land system:
(1) the combinatorial artificial wet land system that makes up by vertical compound flow constructed wetland unit, surface current artificial wetland unit, drowned flow artificial wet land unit and ecological pond wetland unit; Mainly make up matrix with the different-grain diameter gravel as vertical combined-flow of pilot scale and current wetland; The surface current artificial wetland is a natural soil; With calamus, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf grass, blue, the aquatic dovetail of green onion, reed, Spiked Loosestrife dispose at different wetland units with aquatic iris six kind of plant types; Can keep the permanently effective operation (overflow phenomena not occurring obviously stopping up) of wetland, system reaches respectively about 55.6%, 84.0%, 76.7%, 84.4% the cumulative mean clearance of COD, TN, ammonia nitrogen, TP.
(2) temperature, hydraulic load, plant and process form are remarkable to the removal effectiveness affects of combinatorial artificial wetland nitrogen phosphorus, and vertical compound flow constructed wetland hydraulic load is 0.9m
3/ m
2D and 5～June running effect optimum.
(3) the vertical compound flow constructed wetland structural unit of system front end accounts for about 60% of total system pollutent removal amount always to the clearance of pollutent in the water body; Secondly be surface current artificial wetland unit and drowned flow artificial wet land unit, but particularly have outstanding performance in the TP removal at ammonia nitrogen in the ecological pond unit.
(4) system shows along correlation analysis, cluster and the principal component analysis of journey denitrification microorganism, nitrogen concentration and clearance thereof; For the composite vertical current system; Present remarkable positive correlation between nitrogen removal rate, ammonia nitrogen removal frank, Ammonifying bacteria and the nitrite bacteria; Present remarkable negative correlation with denitrifying bacterium, this explanation is in vertical combined-flow wetland unit, and the removal of total nitrogen possibly mainly depend on other denitrogenation mechanism; For surface current and undercurrent unit, TN clearance and ammonia nitrogen removal frank, denitrifying bacteria dependency are remarkable, and the main path that denitrogenation in such wet land system is described is to carry out through nitrated-denitrification of mikrobe; The removal of TP mainly depends on the absorption consumption of matrix absorption and plant.
(5) as TN, TP, ammonia nitrogen, COD
MnWhen influent concentration is 15～31mg/L, 1.2～1.3mg/L, 11.9～13.9mg/L, 16.4～18.7mg/L; Water outlet principal pollutant controlling index is: 3.7～4.7mg/L, 0.1～0.5mg/L, 1.7～3.2mg/L, 5.8～6.7mg/L; System is stable, obvious system jams problem, little, the convenient for maintenance management of power consumption do not occur, is worth in similar urban wastewater is handled, promoting.
(6) after plural serial stage combination type wetland engineering is built up and moved, will further handle, also improve water surrounding, water ecological environment quality, beautify view, have good environmental economical profit the city of coverage tail water up to standard.
(7) construction of wetland demonstration project can make multiple humidogene, waterplant, and wildlife is restored, and forms good Wetland ecological, landscape environment, can be used as tourism, scientific research and educational base.
(8) the removal efficient of each structural unit of combination type wetland system is seen table 1.
The removal efficient statistics of each structural unit of table 1 combination type wetland system
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is system process figure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that composite vertical current artificial wetland structure and water distribution system System planes are arranged and sectional view
Fig. 3 is that surface current artificial wetland's structure and water distribution system System planes are arranged and sectional view;
Fig. 4 is that drowned flow artificial wet land structure and water distribution system System planes are arranged and sectional view;
Fig. 5 is that ecological pond structure and water distribution system System planes are arranged and sectional view.
Embodiment
The total treatment scale 1000m of case verification engineering of the present invention
3/ d.Take up an area of about 15000m
2, main contents comprise: get pump sump (1), vertical compound flow constructed wetland (800m
2* 2), surface current artificial wetland (3300m
2* 2), drowned flow artificial wet land (600m
2* 2) and ecological pond (1800m
2* 2).
Wetland engineering floor plan: the two cover identical vertical current-surface current-undercurrent-ecological pond plural serial stage combinatorial artificial wetland pilot test system that are arranged in parallel, the about 15000m of test floor space
2The System planes schema is seen accompanying drawing 1.
Details are as follows for the structural parameter of each wetland unit:
1, water intake system
Pilot scale combinatorial artificial wetland elevation will be far above water intaking river mean water level, so with submersible pump water is promoted to certain altitude is delivered to vertical combined-flow water distribution system again with pipeline water-supply method after adopting the pump hole to catchment.
Brickwork construction is adopted in the pump hole, and high 4.1m, planar dimension are 2.25m * 3m, the thick 0.24m of brick wall, and the surface is with No. 75 thick waterproof mortar levellings of 20mm.Open a priming hole in bottom, pump hole near the one side in water intaking river, the aperture is 0.6m * 0.6m, and the aperture adds woven wire, prevents that foreign material from getting into the pump hole and stopping up the submersible pump water-in.Arrange in the pump hole that two submersible pumps are respectively the parallel artificial wet land system of two covers and supply water, the submersible pump model is 100WQ65-15-5.5.
What submersible pump linked to each other with vertical compound flow constructed wetland water distribution system main pipe line is a flexible pipe that diameter is 90mm, and flexible pipe links to each other with main pipe line through butterfly valve, so just can effectively control flooding velocity.Water distribution pipe network system front end at each vertical compound flow constructed wetland all is provided with LU-2121-80 type magnetic flow meter (15～150m
3/ h), can effectively monitor artificial swamp intake instant flow and sometime the section in total flooding velocity.
2, vertical compound flow constructed wetland structural unit
(1) main design parameters
Design discharge: 500m
3/ d
Hydraulic load: 0.625m
3/ m
2D
Long-width ratio: L: B=2: 1
The gradient: 0.15%
(2) place is arranged
Single vertical compound flow constructed wetland unit is divided into and is two-stage---and downstream tank and up pond, two ponds separate with brick wall.Single pond dead size is 14.43 * 43.30m
2, up pond, downstream tank dead size are 14.43 * 21.65m
2Getting wall thickness is 0.05m, and single pond specifically is of a size of 14.53 * 43.45m
2, up pond, downstream tank are of a size of 14.53 * 21.75m
2, vertical compound flow constructed wetland overall size is 29.02 * 43.45m
2Every 1m lays and wears the water square hole on the brick wall, and the aperture is 100mm * 100mm.The vertical compound flow constructed wetland of two cover systems is arranged in parallel, the middle road of laying wide 3m with stone chippings.
(3) filler is selected
According to the test result in early stage, consider that the difficulty that filler obtains selected the gravel (being respectively 30-60mm, 10-30mm, 6-10mm) of three kinds of different particle diameters to form the hypothallus of vertical compound flow constructed wetland through descending from top to bottom array mode with price.
(4) seepage control measure
Tamping at the bottom of to the pond behind the excavation pond body; The anti seepage membrane (HDPE) of bottom downstream tank and up pond, laying thick 0.8mm again; The bay wall surface is with the thick No. 75 waterproof mortar levellings of 20mm, and the pocket that the poling road is used on the body of wall tamps with waterproof mortar after wearing end conduit.In order to prevent that the filler gravel from causing damage to anti seepage membrane, on anti seepage membrane, overlay the rough sand of 5cm.
(5) water distribution system
Vertical combined artificial wetland stream downstream tank employing perforation pipe network adopts " king " font water distribution uniformity, and it is the pipeline entering water distribution pipe network of 110mm through caliber that sewage promotes the back by submersible pump.Water distribution branch pipe adopts the corrosion resistant rigid polyvinyl chloride of 50mm (U-PVC) pipe, and main then adopts 110mm U-PVC pipe.2 groups of parallel distributing mains are set altogether, and every main connects 16 arms, main Dan Zhichang 18m, arm Dan Zhichang 4.5m.
(6) botanical system
Select yellow flag, tuber of dwarf lilyturf grass, green onion is blue plants in vertical compound flow constructed wetland with aquatic dovetail.Wherein yellow flag, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, grass was planted the front-end and back-end in downstream tank respectively, planting density 12cm * 12cm, and the blue and aquatic dovetail of green onion is planted the front-end and back-end in up pond respectively, and planting density is 12cm * 12cm.
(7) water exhaust system
Vertical compound flow constructed wetland downstream tank adopts perforation pipe network water distribution uniformity; Flow into up pond, discharge system after catchmenting by up pond water leg behind middle current process downstream tank and bottom, the up pond connecting tube.Water leg is positioned at the rear portion in up pond; The wide 0.25m of long 20m, every separated 1m sets out one of water square hole, aperture 50mm * 50mm; Through perforated pipe surface current wetland structure unit front end is sent in the composite vertical current artificial wetland water outlet at last, outlet conduit is the 160mmU-PVC pipe.
Vertical compound flow constructed wetland area 800m
2, wherein, long 40m, wide 20m, matrix floor height 0.7m, floor plan and water distribution system are seen accompanying drawing 2.
3, surface current artificial wetland's structural unit
(1) main design parameters
Design discharge: 500m
3/ d
Hydraulic load: 0.15m
3/ m
2D
Long-width ratio: L: B=3: 1
The gradient: 0.05%
(2) place is arranged
Single pond dead size is 28.87 * 86.60m
2, every pond body is divided into four lattice, be arranged to waveform, prolong hydraulic detention time, the dead size of every lattice is 28.87 * 21.65m
2Getting wall thickness is 0.05m, and single pond specifically is of a size of 28.97 * 86.70m
2Pond body projected depth 0.30m, superelevation 0.10m.Cut apart by earth dam between each unit, the long 30m of dam body, wide 2m, grade of side slope are 1: 3.
(3) filler is selected
The surface current artificial wetland is near natural wetland, and no filler is arranged in the pond, and matrix is natural soils.
(4) seepage control measure
No seepage control measure.
(5) water distribution and water exhaust system
Through perforated pipe pond body front end is sent in the composite vertical current artificial wetland water outlet, carried out the front end water distribution;
(6) botanical system
In order to be close to the state of natural wetland more, do not plant a large amount of exotic plants among the surface current artificial wetland, but kept the large stretch of autochthonal reed in the pond, planted a spot of Scirpus tabernaemontani, cattail and Canna generalis Bailey etc. in the place that does not have reed.Found that in plantation the plant of artificial growth is growth preferably not in back one month, the reed growth has occupied the most spaces in the surface current artificial wetland pond rapidly gradually.
(7) water exhaust system
Discharge system after being catchmented by the perforated pipe surface in rear end, surface current artificial wetland unit, conduit is the 160mmU-PVC pipe.Water outlet evenly flows into the drowned flow artificial wet land unit through distributing trough by the water inlet square hole.
Surface current artificial wetland's area 3300m
2, wherein, long 110m, wide 30m, the dark 4m in pond, floor plan and water distribution system are seen accompanying drawing 3.
4, drowned flow artificial wet land structural unit
(1) main design parameters
Design discharge: 500m
3/ d
Hydraulic load: 1.25m
3/ m
2D
Long-width ratio: L: B=3: 2
The gradient: 0.2%
(2) place is arranged
Single pond dead size is 12.91 * 38.73m
2, getting wall thickness is 0.05m, single pond specifically is of a size of 13.01 * 38.83m
2, overall size is 25.97 * 38.83m
2The drowned flow artificial wet land of two cover systems is consistent with vertical compound flow constructed wetland also for being arranged in parallel, and the centre is the wide macadam pavement of 3m.
(3) filler is selected
The choosing and deployment scenarios and vertical compound flow constructed wetland basically identical of filler in the drowned flow artificial wet land adopts the gravel of three kinds of different-grain diameters to combine.
(4) seepage control measure
Seepage control measure is the anti seepage membrane (HDPE) that thick 0.8mm is laid in pond bottom, and with the thick No. 75 waterproof mortar levellings of 20mm, the pocket in poling road on the body of wall tamps with waterproof mortar after wearing end conduit at the bottom of surface, pond and the canal.In order to prevent that the filler gravel from causing damage to anti seepage membrane, on anti seepage membrane, overlay the rough sand of 5cm.
(5) water distribution system
In order to guarantee being evenly distributed of plug-flow fluidised form and hydraulic load in the drowned flow artificial wet land, be provided with distributing trough at the front end of drowned flow artificial wet land, the wide 0.25m of flute length 20m whenever is provided with a water inlet square hole at a distance from 1m, and the aperture is 50mm * 50mm.The pipeline of sewage from surface current Unit the 4th gets into distributing trough, evenly flows into drowned flow artificial wet land again.Inlet channel is the 160mmU-PVC pipe.
(6) botanical system
Select in the drowned flow artificial wet land Spiked Loosestrife kind in the pond body front end, aquatic iris kind is in the rear end, plant growing density is 12cm * 12cm.
(7) water exhaust system
The drowned flow artificial wet land rear is provided with water leg, and cell body size and front end distributing trough are just the same, and every separated 1m sets out one in water hole, aperture 50mm * 50mm.Sewage flows in the water leg from posticum, delivers to ecological pond by pipeline again, and pipeline is the 160mmU-PVC pipe.
Drowned flow artificial wet land area 600m
2, wherein, long 20m, wide 30m, the dark 0.7m of matrix, floor plan and water distribution system are seen accompanying drawing 4.
5, ecological pond structural unit
Ecological pond design discharge: 500m
3/ d, hydraulic load: 0.28m
3/ m
2D, long-width ratio: L: B=3: 1, the gradient: 0.05%.Single pool body dead size is 30 * 60m
2, pool body available depth is made as 2.0m, considers superelevation 0.5m, and useful volume is 3600m
3, cubic capacity is 4500m
32 cover The ecology pond systems are arranged in parallel, and the centre is the stone chippings road of wide 3m.Separate with earth dam between 3 processing units, the long 27m of earth dam, wide 2m, grade of side slope are 1: 5.Its floor plan and water distribution system are seen accompanying drawing 5.
Sewage is that the U-PVC pipe of 160mm is delivered in the ecological pond from the water leg of drowned flow artificial wet land by caliber; Through 3 processing units; The same sewage with the surface current artificial wetland is in wave shape flowing in ecological pond, finally gets into ecological riverway at tail end and enter the water intaking river.Impervious element is not laid in the compacting of excavation back at the bottom of the pond.Mainly plant floating plant in the ecological pond, comprised bitter leaf grass, water lily and duckweed.Because water quality is better in the pool, therefore, it is also conceivable that stocked carp, optimize the ecosystem in the pool.
Claims (3)
1. an alternate combined wetland system comprises water intake system, it is characterized in that distributing in proper order according to vertical combined-flow-surface current-four kinds of artificial swamp structural units of undercurrent-ecological pond;
Wherein vertical compound flow constructed wetland unit is divided into and is two-stage: downstream tank and up pond; The gravel of selecting 30 ~ 60mm, 10 ~ 30mm, three kinds of different particle diameters of 6 ~ 10mm is as filler; Formed the hypothallus of vertical compound flow constructed wetland through descending from top to bottom array mode; Downstream tank adopts perforation pipe network water distribution uniformity, and the water leg back discharge system that catchments is adopted in up pond, with yellow flag, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf grass, green onion is blue or aquatic dovetail is planted in vertical compound flow constructed wetland;
Filler is chosen as natural soils in the surface current wetland unit; No seepage control measure; Through perforated pipe pond body front end is sent in the composite vertical current artificial wetland water outlet, carried out the front end water distribution, discharge system after being catchmented by the perforated pipe surface in the rear end becomes the waveform water distribution in the pond; Wherein plant is reed, Scirpus tabernaemontani, cattail or Canna generalis Bailey; The filler selection is consistent with vertical compound flow constructed wetland with deployment scenarios in the drowned flow artificial wet land unit;
At the unitary front end of drowned flow artificial wet land distributing trough is set, establishes several water inlet square holes, the pipeline of sewage from the surface current artificial wetland unit gets into distributing trough, evenly flows into drowned flow artificial wet land again; Rear is provided with water leg, and some posticums are set, and sewage flows in the water leg from posticum, delivers to ecological pond by pipeline again; Select in the drowned flow artificial wet land Spiked Loosestrife kind in the pond body front end, aquatic iris kind is in the rear end;
Ecological pond is provided with several processing units; Separate with earth dam between processing unit; Sewage is delivered in the ecological pond from the water leg of drowned flow artificial wet land, and through processing unit, the same sewage with the surface current artificial wetland is in wave shape flowing in ecological pond; Finally get into ecological riverway and discharge, plant floating plant in the ecological pond at tail end;
Catchment and deliver to vertical resurgent artificial swamp interflow water distribution system with pipeline again after the back promotes water with submersible pump in water intake system employing pump hole; Open a priming hole in bottom, pump hole near the one side in water intaking river course; The aperture adds grid, prevents that foreign material from getting into the pump hole and stopping up the submersible pump water-in; Submersible pump links to each other with vertical compound flow constructed wetland water distribution system main pipe line, and flexible pipe links to each other with main pipe line through butterfly valve and controls water draw rate.
2. an efficient method of removing nitrogen phosphorus in the urban wastewater the steps include:
(1) water intake system adopts the back of catchmenting, pump hole to deliver to vertical compound flow constructed wetland unit water distribution system with pipeline with submersible pump again after with the urban wastewater lift height, flows into vertical compound flow constructed wetland then uniformly;
(2) get into the urban wastewater of vertical combined artificial stream wetland unit downstream tank, adopt " king " font water distribution uniformity, under the current direction behind downstream tank and bottom, up pond connecting tube, discharge system after catchmenting by up pond water leg; Hydraulic load 0.60 ~ 0.90m
3/ m
2D, long-width ratio is less than 2:1, and the gradient is 0.15% ~ 1%;
(3) through perforated pipe surface current wetland structure unit front end is sent in the composite vertical current artificial wetland water outlet, carried out the front end water distribution, discharge system after being catchmented by the perforated pipe surface in the rear end, water distribution in wave shape in the pond; Hydraulic load 0.15 ~ 0.2m
3/ m
2D, pond body long-width ratio is controlled at below the 3:1, and the gradient is 0.05% ~ 0.5%; The pond body does not have impervious barrier, and matrix adopts natural soil; Botanical system keeps the endemic species reed, increases in no reed place and plants Scirpus tabernaemontani, cattail or Canna generalis Bailey;
(4) water outlet of surface current artificial wetland unit evenly flows into the drowned flow artificial wet land unit through distributing trough by the water inlet square hole, and drowned flow artificial wet land unit rear is provided with water leg, and cell body size and front end distributing trough are just the same, whenever set out one in water hole at a distance from 0.5 ~ 1m; Hydraulic load 0.80 ~ 1.25m
3/ m
2D, pond body long-width ratio is controlled at below the 3:2, and the gradient is 0.2% ~ 1%; The filler selection is consistent with vertical compound flow constructed wetland with deployment scenarios; Sewage flows in the water leg from posticum, delivers to ecological pond by pipeline again; Botanical system pond body front end is selected Spiked Loosestrife, and aquatic iris is selected in the rear end;
(5) after sewage flows into water leg from undercurrent unit posticum; Deliver to ecological pond by pipeline, pool body available depth is made as 2.0m, separates with earth dam between 3 processing units; Sewage finally gets into ecological riverway at tail end and enters basin-wide river course through 3 in wave shape flowing of processing unit; Hydraulic load 0.25 ~ 0.40m
3/ m
2D, long-width ratio is controlled at below the 3:1, and the gradient is 0.05% ~ 0.5%; Plant floating plant in the ecological pond.
3. the method for nitrogen phosphorus in the efficient removal urban wastewater according to claim 2 is characterized in that excavation back compacting at the bottom of the pond in the ecological pond in the step (5), does not lay impervious element; The bitter leaf grass of plantation floating plant, water lily and duckweed, stocked carp.
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