CN113796281B - Cutting-free single-hole glue collection method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cutting-free single-hole rubber mining method, which comprises the following steps of prefabricating a rubber mining surface planning template or spirally marking: punching round holes with the diameter of 0.5-2cm on a template material by using a puncher, wherein the transverse distance between the two round holes is more than 3cm, and the longitudinal distance is more than 5cm; or the straight line distance between two adjacent points of the spiral planning line is more than 5cm, and the distance between two rows of spiral planning lines is more than 3cm; planning a rubber mining area: painting through a template circular hole point in a planned rubber collection area, or marking a punching point on the bark by using a spiral gauge marking point; gas booking chamber: the air chamber is arranged above or below the planned glue collecting area and is 10-25cm away from the planned glue collecting area; inflating and stimulating; predicting the thickness of the bark at the rubber mining part before rubber mining, and adjusting the drilling depth; drilling and rubber extracting: after 24h of stimulation, the bark was taken out by drilling a single hole with a drilling tool and the drained glue was collected using a glue collecting device. The invention can realize the rubber collection in the daytime, can realize the rubber collection without tapping, can realize the rubber collection without being influenced by rainy days, and can realize the single-hole rubber discharge.

Description

Cutting-free single-hole glue collection method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rubber sampling, in particular to a cutting-free single-hole rubber sampling method.

Background

The rubber forest is a sustainable development tropical forest ecological system and is a pollution-free natural resource. At present, the natural rubber is obtained mainly by tapping with a rubber cutter, tapping workers skilled in the technology are needed for rubber tapping in production, the rubber price is low, the income of the rubber workers is low under the situation that the labor cost is increased day by day, the enterprise benefit is poor, the attraction of the industry of the rubber workers is smaller and smaller, the production potential of rubber trees cannot be fully exerted, and even the phenomenon of large-area abandonment and cutting occurs.

The 'inherent defect' of the rubber cutter-rubber tapping of the rubber cutter is limited by a plurality of basic factors:

first, due to the limitation of the height of the rubber pick, the cutting line is higher than the horizontal sight of people, and the operation is difficult.

Second, due to the technical difficulty, skilled tapping techniques are required because the cambium or water sac skin cannot be cut.

Thirdly, each cutting line needs to be lowered, moved and retracted due to speed limitation, and work efficiency is difficult to improve.

Fourthly, limited by labor intensity, common glue cutters carry out repeated procedures of glue grinding, glue line drawing, glue cup cleaning, body stooping and line moving, tight staring of eyes and glue cutting and the like, the labor intensity is high, and some glue cutters even suffer from chronic diseases.

And fifthly, the cutting and glue collecting effects are low due to the limitation of equipment and labor cost, the labor cost investment is large, and the income is reduced.

And sixthly, the rubber tapping time is limited, the rubber tapping is required to be carried out in the early morning when the air temperature is low, and the rest time of the rubber worker cannot be guaranteed.

And seventhly, limited by weather conditions, the rain is always stopped or glue is flushed in the glue discharging process in rainy days, so that the yield is wasted.

Eighth, some trunk diseases, such as the winter cutting strip ulcer, are accompanied by infection of rubber tapping due to the limitation of preventing and treating disease transmission.

The cutting-free single-hole glue collection method provided by the invention provides a new way for overcoming the congenital defects of the rubber cutter.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a cutting-free single-hole glue collecting method, which can realize the purposes of avoiding glue cutting by a glue cutter, collecting glue in a single hole, collecting glue in the daytime, increasing the labor comfort of practitioners and achieving high efficiency and stable yield.

In order to further achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a cutting-free single-hole gel collection method comprises the following steps:

step A, prefabricating a rubber sampling plan surface template or a spiral gauge scribing: in order to standardize the single-hole glue picking surface and save barks, a drilling template is required to be made of hard paper or other materials in the early stage of glue picking, round holes with the diameter of about 0.5-2cm are punched on the template material by a puncher, in order to avoid the influence of single-hole glue picking and discharging on the surface overlapping, the transverse distance between the two round holes is larger than 3cm, the longitudinal distance is larger than 5cm, two rows of round holes can be arranged in a staggered way, 3-8 round holes are arranged in each transverse row and about 5 rows occupy one fourth of the whole tree circumference according to the size of the tree circumference, and the template material can be folded and bent to facilitate the operation on different tree circumferences; or the rule line is spirally wound on the trunk, the line is marked with a predicted punching point, the distance between the two points is more than 5cm for avoiding the overlapping of the glue discharging influence surfaces, and the distance between the two rows of spiral lines is more than 3cm.

Step B, planning a gel collecting area: selecting a smooth part of the bark surface, planning a rubber picking area after checking that no dead bark exists, and mainly using the primary bark which is not cut by rubber and the regenerated bark which has long regeneration time and large rubber production potential. And (4) estimating the number of glue discharging holes according to the glue collecting time of one year, and using a drilling template to spot paint on a preset glue collecting area through a circular hole or spot paint on a marking point of a regular line, wherein the color paint is suitable for convenient identification.

In order to stabilize yield and promote the recovery of the bark in the mined area as soon as possible, the drilling and rubber mining area is mainly transversely transferred in the next year, so that the trees are harvested in a circle, and then the rubber mining area is transferred upwards or downwards along the trunk.

Step C, air chamber ordering: reducing the blockage of mammary ducts by using an irritant and prolonging the rubber discharge time, wherein a stimulating air chamber is arranged on the tree before drilling and rubber discharge, and the air chamber is arranged above or below the planned rubber collection area in the step B and is 10-25cm away from the planned rubber collection area (by using a template); or the air chamber position can be at any position between +10cm above the highest position of the spiral gauge marking line and +10cm below the lowest position (the air chamber position cannot be fixed on the planned glue collecting point).

Selecting to nail above or below according to the bark condition: if the original bark above the cutting surface of the old tree is complete, planning the rubber collection area on the upper part of the trunk by priority, and nailing the air chamber above the rubber collection planning area; if the potential of the regenerated rubber below the original cutting surface is recovered, the air chamber can be nailed at the lower part of the trunk, and at the moment, the air chamber is nailed at the upper part of the rubber collection planning area. The tree-uncut rubber-collecting planning surface can be arranged from bottom to top in sequence, and the air chamber nail can be arranged above or below the rubber-collecting planning area.

And (3) air chambers are bound to detect air leakage, air is filled after 24 hours of air leakage, and glue is collected after 24 hours of air filling.

The air leakage condition detection method comprises the following steps: diluted soapy water or detergent is sprayed at the junction of the air chamber and the bark, and no bubbles appear to indicate no air leakage.

Step D, inflation stimulation: filling the air chamber with ethylene gas or other stimulating agent capable of promoting rubber discharge; the ethylene liquid can be smeared on the glue production planning area; if the air chamber is filled with ethylene gas (active ingredient of irritant), each plant is inflated with 30-60ml of gas each time.

Step E, adjusting the drilling depth of the drilling tool: and (3) predicting the thickness of the bark at the glue collecting position before glue collecting, subtracting 1.5mm-3mm from the measured thickness of the bark, and adjusting the drilling depth of a drilling tool.

Step F, drilling and glue collecting: after 24 hours of inflation, when the temperature is low in the daytime, a drilling tool is used for drilling holes in a minimally invasive bark drilling mode in a mode of vertically drilling a trunk at a point painting position, the drilling starts in a transverse row, each row drills along one direction, after the preset depth is reached, a drill bit is vertically pulled out of the bark, bark fragments are moved out of the bark along with the drilling tool, a glue discharging hole is opened instantly, and discharged glue is collected by a glue collecting device.

Step G, adopting the glue frequency and the inflation frequency (the inflation frequency is the same as the stimulation period): the rubber is collected once every 3-10 days, preferably not less than 4 days, and is collected for 2-5 times in one stimulation period, so that the rubber tapping frequency is reduced, and the labor intensity of a rubber worker is further reduced.

In the steps, the key technology of the invention is glue extraction area planning, glue extraction frequency, drilling tool (electric drill) usage and glue extraction in daytime. (1) The planned glue collecting surface can avoid overlapping and crossing of the glue discharging influence surface and influence on next glue collecting. (2) The rubber collection frequency is the key for saving labor productivity, the lower the rubber collection frequency is, the smaller the labor investment is, and the rubber collection labor accounts for more than 60% of the whole rubber production, so the rubber collection labor is saved, and the key is realized for the whole rubber production process. (3) Drilling by an electric drill: the common needling glue collection method still needs to install a row squeezing groove and collect the glue by using a duck tongue glue cup, the method does not need to perform line opening drainage and use a glue discharge groove, does not need to use a traditional glue cup to collect the glue, is matched with a glue collecting device to realize airtight glue collection, is not influenced by external environments such as rainwater and the like, ensures that the purity of latex is increased, and simplifies the process of automatic glue collection design. (4) And (3) picking glue in the daytime: the tapping at night violates the normal life rule of people, a gluer cannot have reasonable rest, and the tapping at daytime increases the labor comfort level of the gluer in glue collection.

Furthermore, after one air chamber stimulation part is stimulated for about two months, the position is shifted near the original bark part, so that the bark is prevented from being passivated.

Furthermore, the stimulation period can be determined according to the tree age and the rubber discharge condition, and the shortest time is once stimulation in 12 days. ( According to the method, the current experimental tree is an old tree, the tree is presumed to reduce the gum collecting frequency according to other gum collecting degrees, and the stimulation period is prolonged so as to reduce the stimulation intensity; in addition, if the dry content of the latex is too low, below 25%, reduced irritation and reduced tapping frequency are desirable. )

Furthermore, the depth of the glue discharging holes is 0.2-1cm, the aperture is 0.1-1cm, the glue discharging holes are suitable for being not punched into the xylem or being more than 1.5mm and less than 3mm away from the xylem due to different tree ages and varieties.

Furthermore, the cutting-free glue guiding technology matched with gas stimulation is used, the glue discharging time is long, and the glue can be waited after the glue collecting device is inserted. Because the sealed glue collecting device (patent 201821635829.9) is used for collecting glue, the glue collecting device is not influenced by severe weather such as rainy days and the like during glue discharging, the glue cannot flow outwards, other pollution to the external environment is avoided, and the purity of the glue is ensured.

Furthermore, after the glue is collected once in one stimulation period, the glue can be collected again for 1 to 4 times, the glue collecting time is 3 to 10 days apart for each time, the glue collecting time and the glue collecting time are more than 8 hours apart, and the glue is collected in the morning on the next day after the glue is collected preferably.

Furthermore, the application time of the rubber collection method in the western Hainan is 5-11 months per year, other areas can be properly adjusted according to air temperature and physical climate, and the rubber collection method is also suitable for dynamically adjusting the rubber tapping method by using gas-jet rubber collection.

Therefore, the cutting-free single-hole glue collecting method disclosed by the invention at least has the following effects:

1. the rubber collecting method for avoiding rubber tapping by using the rubber cutter can overcome the 'congenital defect' of the rubber cutter, realize the avoidance of rubber tapping by the rubber cutter, realize single-hole rubber collection, and can collect rubber in the daytime, increase the labor comfort level of practitioners, and achieve the purposes of high efficiency and stable yield.

2. The advantages of single-hole gel extraction are as follows:

compared with a cutter cutting gel collection method, the single-hole minimally invasive gel collection method avoids a series of defects caused by gel cutting by using a gel cutter; more importantly, the labor efficiency of glue collection is improved, the single-day glue collection post is expanded, and the single-day yield and income of a glue worker are increased; the method is not closely related to the skillful rubber tapping technology of rubber workers any more, and the technical requirements of rubber collecting work are reduced; in addition, due to the effective action of the irritant, the dilation pressure of the mammary duct in the daytime can reach or even exceed the dilation pressure level in the morning, the gel discharge time is obviously prolonged, and gel collection in the morning is not needed, so that the gel collection can normally function in the daytime like other work types, and the industrial attraction of gel collection work is increased.

3. The possibility is provided for realizing automatic glue collection at an early date:

the traditional rubber tapping method of the rubber cutter needs four-matching of hands, feet, eyes and a body, achieves the purposes of stable cutter holding, accurate cutter receiving, light cutter moving and fast rubber tapping, and meets the requirements of uniform rubber tapping depth, uniform cutting surface and uniform slicing. The method has extremely high requirements on the operating skills of the gluer, a new gluer needs to be trained by a tapping technique for one month, can be subjected to post tapping after being qualified, and is difficult to become a gluer with good technique without technical milling for two or three years. The natural rubber industry urgently needs a rubber collecting technology which is simple to operate and has low requirements on the operating skills of a rubber worker.

The mechanized and automated agricultural facilities, equipment and technology are the embodiment of the agricultural modernization level, under a severe situation, various automatic and mechanized rubber tapping tools are also researched and developed on the market like the bamboo shoots in spring after rain, however, due to the existence of the problems of the particularity of the rubber tree body, the difference of the rubber tree and the like, the technical problems that the rubber tapping consumes the rubber and the rubber tapping depth is difficult to control, the rubber tapping line on the tapping line is wound and the like cannot be solved immediately, and in addition, the cost of the automatic tool far exceeds that of the rubber tapping knife, and the recent internal rubber tapping automation is difficult to realize.

The cutting-free drilling tool is simple and convenient to operate, the puncture needle or other tools with proper thickness and adjustable depth can be used for releasing latex duct glue instead of a rubber cutter, and the drilling tool can be mastered after being expected to be trained for about several hours. In the aspect of automatic design, the glue collecting process can be completed by only designing one device capable of controlling the needling in a timing mode, the glue collecting method is labor-saving and efficient, and design and remote control operation of an intelligent drilling tool are facilitated.

4. Use drilling binder removal, the saw-dust can not remain and block up the breast pipe in the bark on the one hand, compares the acupuncture perforation, can not extrude the bark more, avoids the difficult recovery of the product of bark glue potentiality afterwards, has avoided the bark to produce great tree tumour more.

5. The glue collecting frequency from low frequency to ultra-low frequency can reduce the labor intensity of glue workers under the condition that the yield is not reduced. And the glue is collected at the low frequency of more than d4, so that the glue collecting post of a glue worker is increased, and the glue collecting labor efficiency is improved.

6. Compared with other needling rubber collection technologies, the rubber collection method using the electric drill and the single hole obviously reduces the requirements on the rubber tapping technology proficiency of the rubber worker and the labor intensity of the rubber worker.

7. In the past, because the temperature in the morning is low, the expansion pressure of the breast ducts is the maximum at the time, and the gel tapping yield in the morning is the highest, the gel tapping time of a gel worker is in the morning. The rubber tapping can be finished by auxiliary lighting equipment, the consumption of eyes, spines and the like of workers is high, chronic diseases are easy to generate, rubber needs to be collected after the rubber tapping is finished, the labor intensity is high, and the efficiency is low. By using the technology, a daytime glue collecting mode is established, the labor comfort level of a glue worker is greatly increased, the time of the glue worker returns to normal, the industry attraction of the glue worker is increased, and a glue worker team is indirectly stabilized.

8. Ordinary acupuncture is adopted and is glued still need the installation to arrange crowded groove, duck tongue glue cup and receive and glue, and this application need not to open the line drainage again and uses row's gluey groove, needn't use traditional glue cup to receive and glue, and the cooperation is received mucilage binding and is put, realizes airtight receipts and glues, does not receive external environment's such as rainwater influence, and the guarantee realizes increasing the pure and clean degree of latex, has simplified the process that automatic collection was glued and is designed.

9. The baffle that drilling tool set up that adopts can effectively prevent the work portion of drill bit to creep into xylem, and the baffle can move according to the required working length of drill bit, moves the baffle to the working length scale, simultaneously, because the cambium thickness of bark is about 1mm-2.5mm, the tapping generally will cut to the place of the yellow skin inlayer of bark apart from the cambium 0.5mm, subtracts 1.5mm-3mm can protect the cambium of rubber tree with the bark thickness of measuring.

10. The diameter of the working head of the adopted drilling tool is small and is only less than 1cm, so that the damage to barks is reduced to the maximum extent; the working head has simple structure and simple and convenient operation, avoids rubber tapping by using a rubber cutter, saves labor and is efficient, has important functions on saving barks and protecting the potential of rubber production of rubber trees, and has wider application prospect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a plan of a rubber tapping area of a rubber tapping tree according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a planned tapping area of a tapped tree according to the present invention using spiral gauge lines;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the drilling template of the present invention (black holes hollow, red paint can be dotted);

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of one embodiment of the boring tool of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the baffle of FIG. 1 according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the hoop shown in FIG. 1 according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a drill bit of another embodiment of the drilling tool of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of a drill bit of a further embodiment of the drilling tool of the present invention.

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1. When the cutting-free single-hole glue collection method provided by the invention is applied, the glue collection step comprises the following steps:

step A, prefabricating a rubber mining planning surface template or a spiral gauge scribing: the method comprises the following steps of prefabricating a rubber surface template before setting a rubber surface, reserving round holes for dispensing paint as shown in figure 3, wherein the diameter of each round hole is 0.5-2cm, the longitudinal distance between the two round holes is greater than 5cm, the transverse distance is greater than 3cm, and the two rows of round holes are arranged in a staggered manner; as shown in figure 2, or directly winding the tree by using a spiral gauge to draw a line, reserving a mark point for painting, wherein the distance between the two points is more than 5cm, and the distance between the two rows of spiral lines is more than 3cm.

And step B, randomly selecting 100 rubber trees (variety is PR 107) with good tree conditions for the application of the cutting-free single-hole rubber collection technology.

Step C, planning a gel collecting area: selecting a smooth part of the bark for trial cutting before rubber picking, and marking rubber picking points on the bark of the rubber tree by paint after confirming that no dead bark exists (no glue exists in the dead bark place) by using a drilling template or a spiral gauge marking line as shown in figures 1 and 2, wherein each rubber picking point is sequentially arranged, and a rubber picking area of one year is defined according to the annual rubber picking times and the rubber picking time.

Step D, air chamber ordering: scraping the surface of the bark, wherein an air chamber is arranged above or below the planned picking area shown in figure 1 and is 10-25cm away from the planned picking area; or the air chamber is fixed at any position between +10cm above the highest position of the spiral gauge line and +10cm below the lowest position of the spiral gauge line shown in figure 2 (the air chamber cannot be fixed on the planned glue collecting point). After one air chamber stimulation part is stimulated for about two months, the position is shifted near the original position to prevent the tree bark from being passivated.

Step E, inflating: the chamber was filled with an ethylene gas charge of 30 or 40 or 50 or 60ml of gas per plant.

And F, predicting the thickness of the bark at the glue collecting position before glue collecting, subtracting 1.5mm-3mm from the measured thickness of the bark, and adjusting the drilling depth of a drilling tool to protect the cambium of the glue tree.

Step G, drilling and glue collecting: after 24h of inflation, drilling a single hole by using a drilling tool to take out the bark, wherein the drilling depth cannot reach the xylem of the trunk, after the preset depth is reached, vertically pulling out a drill bit from the bark, and collecting the discharged glue by using a glue collecting device (patent 201821635829.9). The glue discharging pipe with the size suitable for the glue discharging hole diameter is inserted into the glue discharging hole, closed glue collection is achieved, the glue collecting device is connected with the glue discharging pipe in a closed mode, influences of external environments such as rainwater are avoided, and the cleanliness of glue is guaranteed.

Step H, adopting the glue frequency and the inflation frequency (the inflation frequency is the same as the stimulation period): the rubber is collected once every 3-10 days at the rubber collecting frequency, and the rubber is collected for 2-5 times in one stimulation period, so that the rubber tapping frequency is reduced, and the labor intensity of a rubber worker is further reduced.

Step J, the depth of the rubber discharge holes is 0.2-1cm, the aperture is 0.1-1cm, the rubber discharge holes are different in tree age and variety (the rubber tree is a large arbor, the basic condition of the rubber tree is different, the thickness of the bark is different, for example, PR107 milk tubes are distributed close to xylem, so more milk tubes can be cut by deep cutting, but the deeper the rubber tree is, the more layers are formed between the xylem and the milk tubes, nutrition outflow of cambium latex is damaged, and the rubber tree is damaged) so as not to hit the xylem or be more than 1.5mm and less than 3mm away from the xylem. In the embodiment, the thickness of the PR107 bark is M =8.0mm, and the depth of the glue discharging hole is M-1.5mm =6.5mm.

And step K, dynamically adjusting the cutting-on and cutting-off time according to the traditional rubber tapping technical specification, stopping inflating and rubber collection after the air is cooled in the bottom day of 11 months, and recovering the air chamber.

Example 2.

1 materials and methods

1.1 test materials

The test rubber garden is positioned in three teams of a test field of the Chinese tropical agricultural scientific college, the tested rubber trees are PR107, the rubber trees are planted in 1991, the rubber trees are all cut by an S/2 routine before test, and the rubber trees with good growth vigor and uniform dispersion are selected.

1.2 test methods

1.2.1 test design

The test treatments were respectively set as: conventional coating tapping, short-line tapping and single-hole tapping. The gel collecting frequency is four days and one time, and the stimulation period is four times and one stimulation period. Each treatment had 15 plants divided into 3 replicates. Treatment 1 is S/2 (1/2 tree girth) conventional coating tapping (CK) ₁ ) (ii) a The treatment 2 is S/8 (1/8 cutting surface) short-line rubber tapping (CK) ₂ ) (ii) a And the treatment 3 is single-hole gel collection. The yield and latex physiology were determined after three months of treatment in the same manner for each treatment in the latex test. And simultaneously inflating, collecting the rubber in the morning, taking the rubber in the first 5min, measuring the initial rubber discharging speed, and measuring the physiological state of the rubber latex in 5-30 min.

1.2.2 latex Collection and determination of physiological parameters

The latex was returned to the laboratory for use after 5-30min in an ice bath. Taking 1g of fresh latex, adding 9ml of 2.5% trichloroacetic acid into a glass centrifuge tube, centrifuging at 4000r/min at normal temperature for 10min, and respectively measuring the contents of sucrose and inorganic phosphorus by using a supernatant. The sucrose content is determined by adopting an anthrone reagent method; the inorganic phosphorus content is determined by ammonium molybdate colorimetry. Initial glue discharging speed: latex amount/total amount of latex 5min before collecting latex. The content of dry gum is measured by acetic acid coagulation method.

1.3 data processing

Data processing, statistical analysis and tabulation were performed using SAS 8.01, DPS, excel 2007 software.

2. Results and analysis

2.1 analysis of Dry rubber content of latex for four sampling times in cycle

The dry glue content difference in one stimulation period of S/2 routine (contrast), S/8 short-line rubber tapping (contrast) and single-hole rubber collection technologies is not obvious and is relatively stable. Compared with the control (S/2 conventional tapping and S/8 short-line tapping) from different tapping modes, the single-hole tapping technology is compared, and the dry glue content is higher than that of the control each time. Compared with the prior glue guiding test, the single-hole glue collecting test of the old trees has higher dry glue content than the contrast test, and the main reason is that the technology can control the punching depth well, avoid water and nutrient substance discharge caused by reaching a cambium, and keep the dry glue content at a higher level.

TABLE 1 influence of different rubber-mining modes on the dry rubber content in the cycle of the Brazilian rubber tree

Note: the data in the table are mean values ± sem, different lower case letters represent significant differences between four picks in each glue pattern cycle (P < 0.05), and different upper case letters represent significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05).

Initial speed analysis of rubber discharge of four-time-picking latex in 2.2 period

The initial speed of glue discharging is from fast to slow respectively: s/2 conventional rubber collection (contrast), single-hole rubber collection and S/8 short-line rubber tapping (contrast). Because the rubber discharge hole is the minimum, the rubber discharge initial speed of single-hole rubber collection is not as fast as the conventional S/2 cutting line, but is higher than the rubber discharge initial speed of the S/8 cutting line, which indicates that the rubber discharge power of single-hole rubber collection is not low.

TABLE 2 influence of different rubber-collecting modes on the initial rubber-discharging speed in the cycle of the Brazilian rubber tree

Note: the data in the table are mean values +/-standard errors, different lower case letters represent that the difference of four times of rubber sampling mode cycles is obvious (P < 0.05), and different upper case letters represent that the difference of treatment cycles is obvious (P < 0.05).

2.3 period four times latex physiological parameter analysis

Analysis of inorganic phosphorus content in latex

The inorganic phosphorus content of the single-hole rubber tapping is obviously higher than that of the control S/2 conventional rubber tapping, the latex metabolism of the single-hole rubber tapping is active after the stimulation of ethylene gas, and the phosphorylation degree of biological macromolecules such as protein and the like is high.

TABLE 3 influence of different rubber-collecting modes on the content of inorganic phosphorus in the latex cycle of the Hevea brasiliensis

Note: the data in the table are mean values ± sem, different lower case letters represent significant differences between four picks in each glue pattern cycle (P < 0.05), and different upper case letters represent significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05).

2.3.2 analysis of sucrose content in latex

The sucrose content can reflect the rubber production potential of the rubber tree from the side, and after approximately two months of rubber collection, the sucrose content of each rubber collection time of single-hole rubber collection is obviously higher than that of the conventional rubber collection (as shown in table 4), and the sucrose content of the conventional rubber tapping latex is the lowest. Sucrose is one of the raw materials for synthesizing natural rubber, and the sucrose reserve is sufficient by the single-hole rubber collection technology.

TABLE 4 influence of different rubber-mining modes on the sucrose content in the latex cycle of Hevea brasiliensis

Note: the data in the table are mean values ± sem, different lower case letters represent significant differences between four picks in each glue pattern cycle (P < 0.05), and different upper case letters represent significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05).

3 analysis and discussion

Although the dry glue content of the single-hole glue collecting latex is high, the glue discharging speed shows that the single-hole glue collecting latex is smooth in four times of glue discharging in one stimulation period. The inorganic phosphorus content of each single-hole rubber production is obviously higher than that of one-half tree-surrounding conventional tapping, which shows that the metabolic level of single-hole rubber production is not lower than that of conventional tapping, and the metabolism is more active.

In the three rubber collection modes, the sizes (length of a cutting line) of rubber cutting surfaces are as follows in sequence: s/2 long cutting line, S/8 short cutting line and single hole. On the premise that the three are stimulated by ethylene, the influence surface of single-hole rubber collection and discharge is small, so that the content of rubber and lactose can be maintained at a higher level, other two rubber collection modes with large rubber tapping surfaces are adopted, more sugar is required to be consumed for regeneration and recovery, and the raw material consumption is large. The regeneration range of single-hole rubber discharge is small, the dry rubber content of the latex is high, and metabolism except rubber hydrocarbon is not required to be maintained by too many substances, so that the energy utilization rate of single-hole rubber collection can be judged to be high, namely the raw material conversion rate is high. After the rubber tree is applied with ethylene, the activity of enzymes related to sucrose utilization is increased, and the sucrose content of each time of single-hole rubber collection is obviously higher than that of the conventional rubber collection. From the recovery data of sucrose and inorganic phosphorus, the initial gel-collecting state can be basically recovered by one needling for four days, and then the gel can be continuously collected without influencing the yield of the next needle, so that the single-hole gel-collecting can use the frequency of collecting gel by one needle for four days and can also increase the frequency of collecting gel properly.

Example 3. Randomly drawing 15 trees (PR 107) to carry out non-cutting single-hole gum collection in a rotation mode as shown in figure 1 to obtain experimental data shown in the following table 5:

TABLE 5 average dry gel yield data for different gel recovery modes

Note that (P stands for punture, one needle is 1P,8+1P stands for 8 needling cycles and 1 needle is added)

The cutting-free single-hole rubber tapping uses the sealing rubber collecting device, the rubber tapping frequency is not influenced by rainy seasons, the rubber tapping is started from 16 days in 7 months, the rubber tapping is stopped from 21 days in 11 months, the rubber tapping is totally carried out for 33 times by one needle in four days, the rubber tapping frequency is increased for 4 times relative to the gas-prick short-line rubber tapping and the conventional S/2 long-line rubber tapping, and the glue outflow and rain punching frequency are also reduced. In the conventional rubber tapping production, the labor efficiency reduction and the yield waste caused by the outflow of the glue also cause great troubles to the rubber production, and the single-hole glue collection completely avoids the outflow defect.

In the experiment, the gel taking time was compared once every three days and once every six days, and the results are shown in table 6:

TABLE 6 average dry gum yield data for gum trees with different needling gum collection frequencies

Frequency of picking	Total yield (Kg)	Secondary plant yield (g) of knife (needle)	Inflation (drug application) cycle	Knife times (Pin times)
					P3	3.8	91.7	8+2P	42
P4	2.9	91.5	8+1P	33
					P6	2.7	117.6	11+1P	23

Note that (P stands for punture, one needle is 1P,8+1P stands for 8 needling cycles, 1 needle is added and the rest is done in sequence)

As can be seen from the four month yield data in Table 6, better yields were obtained with P3-P6, which achieved significantly higher yields than the control conventional tapping and short line tapping.

The experiment has accomplished the process of gathering totally daytime, uses and exempts from to cut the single hole and adopts gluey the realization and adopt gluey the daytime, receives the mode of labour of gluing daytime. Compared with the conventional tapping, the yield of tapping of the single hole without tapping is not reduced.

Example 4. The drilling tool of the present invention, referring to fig. 4-6, comprises a drill and a baffle, wherein the drill is composed of a handle 20 and a working part 10 which are connected together, the working part 10 is provided with a spiral blade 101 and a groove 102 formed by continuous spiral blades on the outer circumferential surface along the axial direction (i.e. the drill provided by the present embodiment is a twist drill), the chippings of bark are removed from the bark along with the groove 102 after the bark is punched, and the bark discharge hole is opened instantly; the handle 20 is a straight handle structure, which facilitates installation with an electric drill and installation of the anchor ear 50.

As shown in fig. 5, the baffle plate is composed of two concentric inner rings 303 and outer rings 301 and a plurality of ribs 302 connecting the inner rings 303 and the outer rings 301, the plurality of ribs 302 are uniformly distributed around the center of the inner rings 303, the baffle plate is made of stainless steel, the two ends of each rib 302 are welded on the inner rings 303 and the outer rings 301, fan-shaped through holes are formed between the two adjacent ribs 302 and the inner rings 303 and the outer rings 301, the through holes do not prevent drilled bark fragments from passing through the baffle plate, the bark fragments do not need to be stripped when a next strain is picked, and the bark fragments after direct drilling can automatically fall out.

As shown in fig. 5 and 6, in order to detachably mount the baffle plate on the drill, two first connecting rods 40 are symmetrically welded on one side of the outer circular ring 301, and the inner diameter of the inner circular ring 303 is slightly larger than the diameter of the drill, so that the inner circular ring 303 is smoothly sleeved on the drill; correspondingly, still dispose staple bolt 50, staple bolt 50 includes the semicircular hoop piece that two symmetries set up, set up the locating hole on the pterygoid lamina of bending type by semicircular hoop piece both ends, screw rod 501 through both ends have nut 502 passes the locating hole and fastens these two semicircular hoop pieces, staple bolt 50 cover is established at the stalk portion of drill bit, the upper and lower both ends symmetry welding second connecting rod 503 of staple bolt 50, first connecting rod 40, second connecting rod 503, two semicircular hoop pieces all adopt stainless steel to make, the end 40 of first connecting rod and the end welding of second connecting rod 503, in order to make the staple bolt stable installation on the drill bit, be provided with annular rubber gasket at two semicircular hoop pieces and drill bit contact surface. It should be noted that the anchor ear 50 is mounted to the handle on the side adjacent the drill.

As shown in fig. 4, the working part 10 is provided with a scale 103, and the depth of penetration into the bark can be adjusted according to the scale 103. Therefore, the baffle can be moved according to the required operation length of the drill bit, the nut 502 is manually disassembled according to the requirement, the baffle is scaled to the operation length, the nut is locked again, the working head is installed on the electric drill, the bark is drilled in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the tree until the baffle prevents the bark from going forward inwards continuously, and the electric drill used by the invention only needs to be matched with the drill bit in power and model.

The installation distance from the baffle to the head end of the drill bit is (M-1.5) mm- (M-3) mm (the thickness of bark between the xylem and the wampee is different due to the age and variety of rubber trees), wherein M represents the thickness of the bark in a rubber collection set area measured before punching. In practical application, a tapping depth measurer is used for measuring the thickness of the bark of a rubber collecting area of 10 rubber tree positions, and the average value is subtracted by 1.5mm-3mm to be used as the working length of a working head.

In the embodiment of the invention, the diameter of the drill bit 1 is more than or equal to 1mm and less than 1cm, preferably about 2mm, the length of the working part 10 is 2-3cm, and after the length required to be reserved by the fixed baffle is met, the total length of the drill bit inserted into the electric drill is not more than 10cm (the drill bit is inserted into the electric drill by 1-2 cm); the drill bit is made of stainless steel or other hard materials capable of penetrating through barks, and the surface of the working head is smooth, latex or barks are not easy to adhere to the working head, and the working head is easy to clean.

Example 5. As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 4 is that the blades 101 are arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the working part 10 in a full-circle or partially broken thread shape, and because the thread circle density of the thread-shaped blades is large, the length can be known by counting the number of threads in the present embodiment, so that it is not necessary to provide scales on the working part of the drill, and the installation distance of the baffle can be controlled by counting the number of threads to adjust the depth of the bark (i.e. the drill provided by the present embodiment is a thread drill). The rest of this example is the same as example 4.

The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention. For example, the method of rubber tapping of the present invention does not limit the species of bark of the rubber tree, as well as the strain, cutage, rubber tapping technique and stimulation method of the rubber tree.

Claims (7)

1. A cutting-free single-hole glue collection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step A, prefabricating a rubber sampling plan surface template or a spiral gauge scribing: punching round holes with the diameter of 0.5-2cm on a template material by using a puncher, wherein the transverse distance between the two round holes is more than 3cm, and the longitudinal distance is more than 5cm; or a spiral gauge is adopted for marking, the straight line distance between two adjacent planning mark points is more than 5cm, and the distance between two rows of spiral lines is more than 3cm;

according to the size of the tree circumference, 3-8 round holes are arranged in each transverse row, about 5 rows account for about one fourth of the whole tree circumference, and the template is made of foldable and bendable material, so that the operation on different tree circumferences is convenient; the spiral gauge marking line is elastic in material and can be wound on a tree body, and the line is marked with a glue collecting and punching marking point;

step B, planning a gel collecting area: selecting a smooth part of the bark surface, planning a rubber collecting area after checking that no dead bark exists, estimating the number of rubber discharge holes according to the rubber collecting time of one year, and painting on a marking point of the planned rubber collecting area through a round hole or a marking line by adopting a template or a spiral gauge;

step C, air chamber ordering: the air chamber is arranged above or below the planned glue collecting area in the step B and is 10-25cm away from the planned glue collecting area; or the air chamber is fixed at any position from +10cm above the highest point of the spiral gauge marking line to +10cm below the lowest point;

step D, inflation stimulation: filling the air chamber with an irritant;

step E, adjusting the drilling depth of the drilling tool: predicting the thickness of the bark at the rubber mining position before rubber mining, subtracting 1.5mm-3mm from the measured bark thickness, and adjusting the drilling depth of a drilling tool;

step F, drilling and glue collecting: after 24 hours of stimulation, drilling a single hole by using a drilling tool, taking out the bark, vertically pulling out a drill bit from the bark after reaching a preset depth, and collecting the discharged glue by using a glue collecting device;

g, gel collecting frequency and stimulation period: the glue is collected once every 3-10 days at the glue collecting frequency, and the glue is collected for 2-5 times in one stimulation period;

the depth of the glue discharging hole is 0.2-1.0cm, and the aperture is 0.1-1.0cm; the glue discharging holes are different in depth from the xylem, and the depth of the glue discharging holes is more than 1.5mm and less than 3mm;

the active ingredient of the irritant is ethylene gas;

the stimulation period can be determined according to the tree age and the rubber discharge condition, and the shortest time is once stimulation in 12 days.

2. The cutting-free single-hole gel extraction method of claim 1, wherein the planning gel extraction area further comprises: the raw hide without cut rubber is taken as the main part, or the regenerated leather with long regeneration time and large rubber production potential can also be used.

3. The cutting-free single-hole glue collecting method according to claim 1, wherein the gas ordering chamber further comprises: and (3) air chambers are bound to detect air leakage, air is filled after 24 hours of air leakage, and glue is collected after 24 hours of air filling.

4. The cutting-free single-hole gel extraction method according to claim 1, wherein the drilling gel extraction further comprises: the time for picking the gel is morning.

5. The cutting-free single-hole glue collection method according to claim 1, wherein the glue collection time is separated from the glue collection time by more than 8 hours.

6. The cutting-free single-hole glue collection method according to claim 5, characterized in that glue is collected the next day after glue collection in the morning.

7. The cutting-free single-hole gel collection method according to claim 1, wherein the gel collection frequency is not less than 4 days.

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