CN113788721A - Special compound fertilizer for rice planting and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Special compound fertilizer for rice planting and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113788721A
CN113788721A CN202111063707.3A CN202111063707A CN113788721A CN 113788721 A CN113788721 A CN 113788721A CN 202111063707 A CN202111063707 A CN 202111063707A CN 113788721 A CN113788721 A CN 113788721A
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stirring
rice
compound fertilizer
pond sludge
parts
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王晓春
罗冬贵
黄泽双
霍伙胜
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Guangdong Lardmee Fertilizer Co ltd
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Guangdong Lardmee Fertilizer Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/02—Superphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a special compound fertilizer for rice planting, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: improving pond sludge; urea; ammonium magnesium sulfate; potassium chloride; calcium superphosphate; a water-soluble silicate; zinc chloride; chitin; and (4) microbial liquid. The improved pond sludge is used as a slow-release fertilizer, the components such as urea, ammonium magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride and calcium superphosphate are used as quick-acting fertilizers, the contents of ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus in soil can be effectively improved, nutrition required by rice growth can be provided, the rice growth can be effectively promoted, the microbial liquid is added, the formation of a soil granular structure of a newly developed paddy field can be effectively promoted, the soil permeability and the porosity are increased, the water retention, the moisture retention and the fertilizer retention are facilitated, meanwhile, the components such as water-soluble silicate, zinc chloride and chitin are properly added, necessary trace components can be provided for the growth of crops, and the yield of the crops is improved. The invention also provides a preparation method of the special compound fertilizer for rice planting.

Description

Special compound fertilizer for rice planting and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a special compound fertilizer for rice planting suitable for a newly developed paddy field and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The fertilizer is an essential nutrient source for the growth of crops, and scientific fertilization is an important means for improving the yield and the benefit of rice. The rice is one of herbaceous rice genera and is also the most main and long-standing one of the rice genera as grain, and the rice is one of the main grain crops in China.
With the rapid development of rice planting technology and the continuous expansion of planting areas in recent years, many new paddy fields are developed or other planting fields are developed into paddy fields. Compared with a paddy field soaked in water for a long time, the soil of a newly-opened paddy field has the characteristics of good permeability, looseness, high soil temperature and the like, but the soil nitrogen mainly takes nitrate nitrogen as a main component, the content of ammonium nitrogen is low, after the paddy field is flooded for a long period of time, the form of the soil nitrogen still takes nitrate nitrogen as a main component and cannot be converted into ammonium nitrogen in time, and because the nitrate nitrogen is active, the rice seedlings are easy to grow slowly, tillering is delayed, and the root system function is weakened. In addition, the rice field after dry transformation into water is insufficient in phosphorus, rice seedling shrinkage, red seedling and the like often occur, the growth period is delayed, and the yield is seriously influenced.
Patent CN110577444A discloses a compound fertilizer for rice planting capable of improving soil, which is composed of macroelement fertilizer, secondary element fertilizer, microelement fertilizer, biological bacteria, water retention slow release agent, plant growth conditioner, chelating agent and filler. Patent CN107266234A discloses a special rice fertilizer capable of improving soil, which is composed of plant ash, potassium magnesium salt, potassium polyphosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea compound, organic fertilizer, zeolite powder, bentonite, brassinolide, trace elements and a biological source pesticide. The above fertilizers are only suitable for paddy fields which have been cultivated for a long time, and few reports are made in the current literature on fertilizers used for newly developed paddy fields.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a special compound fertilizer for rice planting, which can effectively improve the content of ammonium nitrogen (nitrogen) and phosphorus in soil, provide nutrition required by the growth of rice, effectively promote the growth of rice and is mainly suitable for newly developed paddy fields.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the special compound fertilizer for rice planting, which has simple steps and is easy for large-scale production.
One of the purposes of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a special compound fertilizer for rice planting comprises the following components in parts by weight:
40-50 parts of improved pond sludge; 5-8 parts of urea; 1-3 parts of ammonium magnesium sulfate; 1-3 parts of potassium chloride; 1-3 parts of calcium superphosphate; 0.1 to 1 portion of water-soluble silicate; 0.1 to 1 portion of zinc chloride; 0.1 to 1 portion of chitin; 200-400 parts of microbial liquid.
Wherein the improved pond sludge is prepared from the following raw materials in a mass ratio of 1: (0.1-0.3): (0.05-0.08): (0.2-0.4): (0.1-0.3): (0.03-0.06) fishpond sludge, leaves, bone meal, rice-washing water, wine tank, and activated clay.
The fishpond sludge is formed by drying sludge in a pond in the sun, and contains a large amount of fish manure and fish materials, but the fishpond sludge is easy to burn seedlings, contains various microorganisms and can influence the growth of plants, and the fishpond sludge has strong viscosity and is added into paddy fields to easily cause soil hardening, so that the fishpond sludge modified by the components such as leaves, bone meal, rice washing water, wine tanks, aspergillus oryzae, activated clay and the like is modified to reduce the content of harmful microorganisms and the content of heavy metals, the viscosity of the fishpond sludge is reduced by the matching of the components, the fishpond sludge has a good anti-hardening effect, the fishpond sludge is suitable for a poor soil or a newly developed land, the planting soil can become deep and fertile after the improved fishpond sludge is applied, the fishpond sludge is a slow-release fertilizer, the fertilizer cannot immediately exert fertilizer effect after being applied to the soil and is only suitable for being used as a base fertilizer for planting crops, is not suitable for being used as a quick-acting fertilizer.
The leaves are wet leaves mashed and kneaded by a crusher, contain veins with different thicknesses, can separate the pond sludge and can be used as a transmission medium of nutrient components in the pond sludge, and meanwhile, the leaves contain more nutrient components and sterilization components, so that on one hand, the leaves can be used as crops after the pond sludge is decomposed, and on the other hand, some harmful microorganisms in the pond sludge can be removed. For example, the leaves can be selected from one or more of willow leaves, locust tree leaves, cacumen biotae, pine tree leaves, banyan leaves and mulberry leaves. The bone meal is prepared by refining, drying and crushing mammalian tissues and bones, is dispersed in pond sludge due to the fact that the bone meal contains more proteins and fats, is subjected to micro-separation by intermolecular force, and can provide calcium, phosphorus and other components for crops after being fermented in the pond sludge. The rice washing water is water after washing rice, the water is acidic, the pH value is 5.5-6, some harmful microorganisms in the pond sludge can be removed, and meanwhile, some components such as starch, protein, vitamins and the like are dissolved in the rice washing water, so that the solubility of each component in the pond sludge is enhanced and improved. The wine tank is the residue left after the wine brewing of rice, wheat and sorghum, the wine tank contains more cellulose, various substances for promoting growth such as nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and the like, and meanwhile, the wine tank contains long-term strains such as probiotics such as bacillus, actinomycetes and the like, so that the wine tank can be used for carrying out secondary decomposition on pond sludge or soil, the organic matter content of the pond sludge can be further improved, and the pond sludge can be loosened to improve the anti-hardening effect. The activated clay has stronger adsorption performance and can remove heavy metals and partial harmful microorganisms in the pond sludge.
Further, the preparation method of the improved pond sludge comprises the following steps:
pulverizing dried fishpond sludge, adding rice washing water, stirring, adding activated clay while stirring, mixing, adding wine tank, stirring, standing for decomposition, adding bone powder and leaves at room temperature, and stirring.
Preferably, the preparation method of the improved pond sludge comprises the following steps:
crushing the dried fishpond sludge, adding rice washing water, stirring for 0.2-0.4 h at the stirring speed of 30-40 r/min, then adding activated clay at the stirring speed of 20-30 r/min and the temperature of 30-40 ℃, stirring for 0.5-0.8 h, then adding a wine tank, stirring for 0.3-0.5 h, standing for decomposition for 72-144 h after stirring, finally adding bone meal and leaves at normal temperature, stirring for 0.5-0.8 h at the stirring speed of 30-40 r/min, and thus obtaining the fish pond sludge.
Furthermore, the microbial liquid is an aqueous solution of aspergillus oryzae, and the total number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g. The aspergillus oryzae can increase beneficial micro-metabolites and promote the growth of other probiotics, thereby achieving the micro-ecological balance of soil.
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the improved pond sludge to the urea, the potassium chloride and the calcium superphosphate is (40-50) to 5:1: 1. Through the cooperation of the improved pond sludge and the quick-acting nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, on one hand, the improved pond sludge can continuously provide nutrient components for crops to culture soil and avoid a large amount of pond sludge from being applied to the crops, so that the crops are burnt, and on the other hand, the quick-acting nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer can provide proper nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium components for the crops to meet the growth requirements of the crops and ensure the normal growth of the crops. Preferably, the mass ratio of the improved pond sludge to the urea, the potassium chloride and the calcium superphosphate is 48:5:1: 1.
Further, the mass ratio of the improved pond sludge to the microbial liquid is 1 (5-6). The soil is improved by adding the microbial liquid on the basis of improving pond sludge, so that nitrogen in newly developed soil can gradually convert nitrate nitrogen in the soil into ammonium nitrogen to provide nutrient components for crops, and substances which are not fully decomposed in the improved pond sludge can be further decomposed. Preferably, the mass ratio of the improved pond sludge to the microbial liquid is 1: 5.5.
The second purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a special compound fertilizer for rice planting comprises the following preparation steps:
s1: weighing the components of the fertilizer according to the formula amount;
s2: melting urea and potassium chloride at high temperature, uniformly stirring, adding zinc chloride and magnesium ammonium sulfate, uniformly stirring, centrifugally shearing, granulating, and finally cooling to obtain first mixed particles;
s3: adding the improved pond sludge into a stirrer, adding the first mixed particles while stirring, uniformly stirring, adding calcium superphosphate, water-soluble silicate and chitin, uniformly stirring, shearing at a high speed for granulation, cooling in a rotary drum cooler, sieving after cooling to obtain second mixed particles, spraying atomized microbial liquid into the second mixed particles, rotating, drying and freezing to enable the microbial liquid to form a biofilm on the surfaces of the second mixed particles, and sealing for storage to obtain the biological fertilizer.
Further, in step S2, the high-temperature melting temperature is 130-135 ℃, the cooling time is 15-20 min, and the temperature is cooled to 30-40 ℃; in step S3, the cooling time is 15min to 20min, and the temperature is cooled to 10 ℃ to 20 ℃.
Further, in step S3, the microbial cell liquid is atomized at 10 to 20 ℃ and under a pressure of 0.2 to 0.4 MPa.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention takes the improved pond sludge as slow-release fertilizer through the matching of the improved pond sludge and the components such as urea, magnesium ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride, calcium superphosphate and the like as quick-acting fertilizer, can effectively improve the content of ammonium nitrogen (nitrogen) and phosphorus in soil, provides nutrition required for the growth of rice, can effectively promote the growth of rice, is added with microbial solution, can effectively promote the formation of soil granular structure of newly developed paddy field, increases the permeability and the porosity of soil, is more beneficial to moisture and fertilizer retention, and is also properly added with the components such as water-soluble silicate (silicon fertilizer), zinc chloride (zinc fertilizer), chitin and the like, can provide necessary trace components for the growth of crops, and improves the yield of the crops.
The preparation method of the invention has simple steps and is easy for large-scale production.
The preparation method of the invention sprays the microbial liquid by atomization, so that the microbial liquid can be well attached to the surface of the fertilizer particles, the nutrient components of the fertilizer particles can be rapidly converted, and the effect of enhancing digestion, absorption and utilization is achieved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be noted that, without conflict, any combination between the embodiments or technical features described below may form a new embodiment. The following are specific examples of the present invention, and raw materials, equipments and the like used in the following examples can be obtained by purchasing them unless otherwise specified.
In the following examples, the modified pond sludge is prepared from the following raw materials in a mass ratio of 1: 0.2: 0.05: 0.2: 0.3: 0.03 of fishpond sludge, leaves, bone meal, rice washing water, wine tank and active clay. The preparation method of the improved pond sludge comprises the following steps: pulverizing dried fishpond sludge, adding rice washing water, stirring at a stirring speed of 30-40 r/min for 0.3h, then adding activated clay at a stirring speed of 20-30 r/min and a temperature of 30-40 deg.C, stirring for 0.6h, adding wine tank, stirring for 0.5h, standing for decomposing for 72h after stirring, finally adding bone meal and leaves at normal temperature, and stirring at a stirring speed of 30-40 r/min for 0.5 h. The microbial liquid is an aqueous solution of aspergillus oryzae, and the total number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g. The water-soluble silicate is sodium silicate. The leaves are wet leaves mashed and kneaded by a crusher.
Example 1
The special compound fertilizer for rice planting comprises the following components in parts by weight:
improving pond sludge by 40 parts; 5 parts of urea; 1 part of ammonium magnesium sulfate; 1 part of potassium chloride; 1 part of calcium superphosphate; 0.1 part of water-soluble silicate; 0.1 part of zinc chloride; 0.1 part of chitin; 200 parts of microbial liquid.
The preparation method of the special compound fertilizer for rice planting comprises the following preparation steps:
s1: weighing the components of the fertilizer according to the formula amount;
s2: melting urea and potassium chloride at a high temperature of 130 ℃, uniformly stirring, adding zinc chloride and magnesium ammonium sulfate, uniformly stirring, centrifugally shearing, granulating, cooling for 20min, and cooling to 30 ℃ to obtain first mixed particles;
s3: adding the improved pond sludge into a stirrer, adding the first mixed particles while stirring, uniformly stirring, adding calcium superphosphate, water-soluble silicate and chitin, uniformly stirring, shearing at a high speed for granulation, cooling in a rotary drum cooler for 15min, cooling to 10 ℃, sieving to obtain second mixed particles, spraying the microbial solution atomized at 10 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.2MPa into the second mixed particles, rotating, drying and freezing to enable the microbial solution to form a biofilm on the surface of the second mixed particles, and sealing for storage to obtain the biological pond sludge.
Example 2
The special compound fertilizer for rice planting comprises the following components in parts by weight:
improving 45 parts of pond sludge; 6 parts of urea; 2 parts of ammonium magnesium sulfate; 2 parts of potassium chloride; 2 parts of calcium superphosphate; 0.5 part of water-soluble silicate; 0.5 part of zinc chloride; 0.5 part of chitin; 300 parts of microbial liquid.
The preparation method of the special compound fertilizer for rice planting comprises the following preparation steps:
s1: weighing the components of the fertilizer according to the formula amount;
s2: melting urea and potassium chloride at a high temperature of 130 ℃, uniformly stirring, adding zinc chloride and magnesium ammonium sulfate, uniformly stirring, centrifugally shearing, granulating, cooling for 20min, and cooling to 30 ℃ to obtain first mixed particles;
s3: adding the improved pond sludge into a stirrer, adding the first mixed particles while stirring, uniformly stirring, adding calcium superphosphate, water-soluble silicate and chitin, uniformly stirring, shearing at a high speed for granulation, cooling in a rotary drum cooler for 15min, cooling to 10 ℃, sieving to obtain second mixed particles, spraying the microbial solution atomized at 10 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.2MPa into the second mixed particles, rotating, drying and freezing to enable the microbial solution to form a biofilm on the surface of the second mixed particles, and sealing for storage to obtain the biological pond sludge.
Example 3
The special compound fertilizer for rice planting comprises the following components in parts by weight:
50 parts of improved pond sludge; 8 parts of urea; 3 parts of ammonium magnesium sulfate; 3 parts of potassium chloride; 3 parts of calcium superphosphate; 1 part of water-soluble silicate; 1 part of zinc chloride; 1 part of chitin; 400 parts of microbial liquid.
The preparation method of the special compound fertilizer for rice planting comprises the following preparation steps:
s1: weighing the components of the fertilizer according to the formula amount;
s2: melting urea and potassium chloride at a high temperature of 130 ℃, uniformly stirring, adding zinc chloride and magnesium ammonium sulfate, uniformly stirring, centrifugally shearing, granulating, cooling for 20min, and cooling to 30 ℃ to obtain first mixed particles;
s3: adding the improved pond sludge into a stirrer, adding the first mixed particles while stirring, uniformly stirring, adding calcium superphosphate, water-soluble silicate and chitin, uniformly stirring, shearing at a high speed for granulation, cooling in a rotary drum cooler for 15min, cooling to 10 ℃, sieving to obtain second mixed particles, spraying the microbial solution atomized at 10 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.2MPa into the second mixed particles, rotating, drying and freezing to enable the microbial solution to form a biofilm on the surface of the second mixed particles, and sealing for storage to obtain the biological pond sludge.
Example 4
The special compound fertilizer for rice planting comprises the following components in parts by weight:
improving pond sludge by 48 parts; 5 parts of urea; 2 parts of ammonium magnesium sulfate; 1 part of potassium chloride; 1 part of calcium superphosphate; 0.3 part of water-soluble silicate; 0.3 part of zinc chloride; 0.1 part of chitin; 264 parts of microbial liquid.
The preparation method of the special compound fertilizer for rice planting comprises the following preparation steps:
s1: weighing the components of the fertilizer according to the formula amount;
s2: melting urea and potassium chloride at a high temperature of 130 ℃, uniformly stirring, adding zinc chloride and magnesium ammonium sulfate, uniformly stirring, centrifugally shearing, granulating, cooling for 20min, and cooling to 30 ℃ to obtain first mixed particles;
s3: adding the improved pond sludge into a stirrer, adding the first mixed particles while stirring, uniformly stirring, adding calcium superphosphate, water-soluble silicate and chitin, uniformly stirring, shearing at a high speed for granulation, cooling in a rotary drum cooler for 15min, cooling to 10 ℃, sieving to obtain second mixed particles, spraying the microbial solution atomized at 10 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.2MPa into the second mixed particles, rotating, drying and freezing to enable the microbial solution to form a biofilm on the surface of the second mixed particles, and sealing for storage to obtain the biological pond sludge.
In the above embodiments, each material is not limited to the above components, and each material may also be composed of other single components or multiple components described in the present invention, and the component parts of each material are not limited to the above parts, and the component parts of each material may also be a combination of other component parts described in the present invention, and are not described herein again.
Comparative example 1
In comparison with example 1, in comparative example 1, no modified pond sludge was added, and the remaining formulation and preparation method were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The modified pond sludge of comparative example 2 was an unmodified pond sludge as compared to example 1, and the remaining formulation and preparation method were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
Compared with example 1, the modified pond sludge of comparative example 3 does not contain the bone meal and the rice-washing water, and the rest of the formulation and the preparation method are the same as those of example 1.
Comparative example 4
Compared with the example 1, the microbial liquid in the comparative example 4 is directly mixed without adopting the mode of atomization spraying, and the rest formula and the preparation method are the same as the example 1.
Performance testing
1. A newly developed test field in Guangdong, which is changed from a mountain land to a paddy field, is selected, the topography is stepped, the irrigation and drainage are convenient, the soil is sandy soil and has general fertility, the pH value of the soil is 5.5-6, the rainfall is 882.2-998.8mm, and the daily average temperature is 25.5 ℃. The test field was divided into 8 blocks of 40m each2And the working row is 50cm, mechanical transplanting is adopted, the plant spacing is 15cm, the row spacing is 30cm, and a protective row with the width of about 1m is reserved on the periphery.
2. The tested rice variety is Guang 8 excel 2156 and late rice.
3. Sample fertilizer: examples 1 to 4, comparative examples 1 to 4.
4. The fertilizer application method comprises the following steps: sample fertilizer is applied before transplanting of 40kg/hm2Applying 100kg/hm of top dressing for the 1 st time (13 d after the transplanting)2Applying 100kg/hm of top dressing for the 2 nd time (28 d after insertion)2. Soaking seeds for 12h with clear water before sowing, then soaking seeds with 45% miamide and 10% trifluoropyrimidine for accelerating germination, and soaking seeds with 150mL/hm of 10% trifluoropyrimidine 3d before transplanting2Spraying herbicide to prevent rice planthopper, during the period, combining with the fertilization situation, weeding with the herbicide, and spraying 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 450g/hm220% Chlorantraniliprole suspending agent 150mL/hm2It can be used for preventing and treating rice planthopper and rice leaf roller.
5. After maturation, 30 rice plants were randomly selected and tested, and the test results are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003257547950000101
As can be seen from table 1 above, the fertilizers of examples 1 to 4 can provide necessary ingredients for crops to achieve better growth performance compared to comparative examples 1 to 4 in terms of seed set rate, ear forming rate, ear length, and the like.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The special compound fertilizer for rice planting is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
40-50 parts of improved pond sludge; 5-8 parts of urea; 1-3 parts of ammonium magnesium sulfate; 1-3 parts of potassium chloride; 1-3 parts of calcium superphosphate; 0.1 to 1 portion of water-soluble silicate; 0.1 to 1 portion of zinc chloride; 0.1 to 1 portion of chitin; 200-400 parts of microbial liquid;
wherein the improved pond sludge is prepared from the following raw materials in a mass ratio of 1: (0.1-0.3): (0.05-0.08): (0.2-0.4): (0.1-0.3): (0.03-0.06) fishpond sludge, leaves, bone meal, rice-washing water, wine tank, and activated clay.
2. The compound fertilizer special for rice planting according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the improved pond sludge comprises the following steps:
pulverizing dried fishpond sludge, adding rice washing water, stirring, adding activated clay while stirring, mixing, adding wine tank, stirring, standing for decomposition, adding bone powder and leaves at room temperature, and stirring.
3. The compound fertilizer special for rice planting according to claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the improved pond sludge comprises the following steps:
crushing the dried fishpond sludge, adding rice washing water, stirring for 0.2-0.4 h at the stirring speed of 30-40 r/min, then adding activated clay at the stirring speed of 20-30 r/min and the temperature of 30-40 ℃, stirring for 0.5-0.8 h, then adding a wine tank, stirring for 0.3-0.5 h, standing for decomposition for 72-144 h after stirring, finally adding bone meal and leaves at normal temperature, stirring for 0.5-0.8 h at the stirring speed of 30-40 r/min, and thus obtaining the fish pond sludge.
4. The compound fertilizer special for rice planting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microbial inoculum is an aspergillus oryzae bacterial inoculum, and the total number of effective viable bacteria is not less than 0.5 hundred million/g.
5. The compound fertilizer special for rice planting according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the improved pond sludge to the urea, the potassium chloride and the calcium superphosphate is (40-50):5:1: 1.
6. The compound fertilizer special for rice planting according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the improved pond sludge to the microbial inoculum is 1 (5-6).
7. The preparation method of the compound fertilizer special for rice planting as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following preparation steps:
s1: weighing the components of the fertilizer according to the formula amount;
s2: melting urea and potassium chloride at high temperature, uniformly stirring, adding zinc chloride and magnesium ammonium sulfate, uniformly stirring, centrifugally shearing, granulating, and finally cooling to obtain first mixed particles;
s3: adding the improved pond sludge into a stirrer, adding the first mixed particles while stirring, uniformly stirring, adding calcium superphosphate, water-soluble silicate and chitin, uniformly stirring, shearing at a high speed for granulation, cooling in a rotary drum cooler, sieving after cooling to obtain second mixed particles, spraying atomized microbial liquid into the second mixed particles, rotating, drying and freezing to enable the microbial liquid to form a biofilm on the surfaces of the second mixed particles, and sealing for storage to obtain the biological fertilizer.
8. The method for preparing the compound fertilizer special for rice planting according to claim 7, wherein in step S2, the temperature of high-temperature melting is 130-135 ℃, the cooling time is 15-20 min, and the cooling is 30-40 ℃; in step S3, the cooling time is 15min to 20min, and the temperature is cooled to 10 ℃ to 20 ℃.
9. The method for preparing a compound fertilizer special for rice planting according to claim 7, wherein in step S3, the microbial inoculum is atomized at 10-20 ℃ under a pressure of 0.2-0.4 MPa.
CN202111063707.3A 2021-09-10 2021-09-10 Special compound fertilizer for rice planting and preparation method thereof Pending CN113788721A (en)

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CN113788721A true CN113788721A (en) 2021-12-14

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