CN113784627A - 芳香族烷酰胺及其在味道调节中的使用方法 - Google Patents
芳香族烷酰胺及其在味道调节中的使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113784627A CN113784627A CN202080032292.0A CN202080032292A CN113784627A CN 113784627 A CN113784627 A CN 113784627A CN 202080032292 A CN202080032292 A CN 202080032292A CN 113784627 A CN113784627 A CN 113784627A
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
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Abstract
描述了一种玛卡提取物以及其芳香族烷酰胺用于组合物和方法中,所述组合物和方法用于改善含有具有涩味、苦味或异味的组分的消耗品的味道。
Description
本申请要求于2019年4月17日提交的美国专利申请序列号62/835,057的优先权的权益,其内容通过援引以其全文并入本文。
背景技术
已经有越来越多关于脂肪和糖的高消耗水平的担忧,以及相应的关于蛋白质的更低消耗水平的担忧。食品工业已经通过提供多种富含从植物中分离的蛋白质的产品来应对那些担忧。但是,市场上可获得的植物蛋白质物质由于与之相关的异黄酮而具有不想要的涩味和强烈的异味。在浓缩蛋白质和植物分离蛋白质的生产中去除异黄酮是一个方法。但是,异黄酮具有数个健康益处且去除其增加加工成本。作为替代方案,已经添加更多的糖和脂肪以掩盖苦味和调节味觉感受。调味师只是“过度调味”其产品以隐藏令人不快的味道。这种方法是完全不令人满意的,尤其对于注重健康的消费者(其中,降低的脂肪和糖含量是共同的目标)。因此,已经寻找其他的用于掩蔽植物蛋白质物质的涩味和强烈的异味的方法。
US 2002/0193342 A1描述了将三氯蔗糖添加至产品以掩蔽除精氨酸外的氨基酸组分的令人不愉快的味道。类似地,WO 2017/037181 A1教导了使用一种或多种遮蔽异味的化合物(包括脂肪酸、羰基化合物、黑糖、酯、甜味剂、内酯和果汁衍生物)以遮蔽、掩蔽或修饰非动物来源的蛋白质的不想要的异味。Bertelsen等人((2018)J.Sci.FoodAgric.[食品与农业科学杂志]98(10):3860-9)描述了在水性模型和在面包模型中木糖醇、蔗糖、α-环糊精、和麦芽糖糊精作为酶处理的大豆蛋白的苦味掩蔽剂。GB 201304301 D0教导了将辛酸内酯添加至消耗品产品基底中以减少异味,例如乳清蛋白或高强度甜味剂的苦味。US 9,668,505 B2描述了可食用的薄膜和胶质糖果,包括,例如,水果香精、GSB天然掩蔽剂、氢化的和乙氧基化的甘油酯、以及掩蔽苦味食物和/或含有蛋白质的食物的味道的核苷酸。此外,EP2058297 A1描述了使用烷酰胺用于掩蔽令人不愉快的味道物质的涩味。
玛卡(Lepidium meyenii),通常称作玛咖(maca)或秘鲁人参(Peruvianginseng),是具有肉质的、可食用的、块状根的多年生植物。传统上,玛咖根被用于食物消费并且也因其药用特性(包括,例如,增强生育力和治疗慢性疲劳)而被消费。在这方面,已经描述了玛卡的提取物用在增强消耗品产品(例如酒精饮料)(EP 1743934 B1)、咖啡味的口含片剂(CN 103478523 B)、葡萄酒(CN 105368669 B、CN 105199927 B)、复方糖浆(CN104256821 B)、缓解身体疲劳的饮料(CN 103918965 B、CN 102960810 B)、以及保健食品产品(JP 4627477 B2、JP 2007222116A)中的用途。此外,含有玛卡根的提取物或其玛咖酰胺(macamide)的组合物已经被建议用于在癌症和性功能障碍的治疗使用(US 6,267,995 B1、US RE43005 E1、US 7,985,434 B2、US 2018/0110818 A1、US 20180110817 A1)。更近一步地,从玛卡中分离的玛咖酰胺B已经被建议用于在组合物(包括至少一种甜味剂)中作为甜味调节剂使用(US 20180132516 A)。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种消耗品,所述消耗品包括具有涩味、苦味或异味的组分;以及选自由以下组成的组的芳香族烷酰胺中的一种或组合:N-苄基油酰胺、N-苄基亚油酰胺、N-苄基亚麻酰胺、玛咖酰胺2、玛咖酰胺1、N-(3-甲氧基苄基)油酰胺、N-苄基硬脂酰胺或(9Z,12Z)-N-[(3-甲氧基苯基)甲基]-9,12-十八碳二烯酰胺,例如,在所述消耗品中浓度在万亿分之一至百万分之1000的范围内。本发明也提供了一种用于改善消耗品味道的方法,所述方法通过向具有有涩味、苦味或异味的组分的消耗品以有效减少或抑制所述涩味、苦味或异味的量添加芳香族烷酰胺的一种或组合。具有涩味、苦味或异味的组分可以包括蛋白质、碳水化合物甜味剂、人造甜味剂或防腐剂。在一些方面,所述芳香族烷酰胺呈富含芳香族烷酰胺的玛卡的提取物(例如,玛卡根的乙醇、乙酸乙酯或异丁醇提取物)的形式,。在又一个方面,所述消耗品是食物产品、药物组合物、膳食补充剂、保健营养品、牙齿卫生组合物、桌面甜味剂、饮料、或美容产品。
具体实施方式
现在已经发现玛卡的提取物以及从其分离的芳香族烷酰胺有效地掩蔽消耗品产品的苦味、涩味和异味。特别地,已经显示玛卡提取物的饱和的和不饱和的玛咖酰胺减少或抑制与蛋白质相关的苦味、涩味和异味。相应地,本发明提供消耗品和方法,所述消耗品和方法包括一种或多种芳香族烷酰胺作为分离的化合物或以玛卡提取物形式作为添加剂以通过减少或抑制所述消耗品的涩味、苦味和/或异味改善消耗品的味道。
玛卡(Lepidium meyenii Walpers)(十字花科)通常被称为玛咖(Maca)是原产于秘鲁中部安第斯山脉高原的一年生的草本可食用植物。玛卡因其肉质下胚轴而被种植,其与主根(其典型地干燥成粉末或粉状物,并用作根蔬菜或传统药物)融合。玛咖主要由60%-75%碳水化合物、10%-14%蛋白质、8.5%膳食纤维、和2.2%脂肪组成。玛咖富含钙和钾,并且含有必需微量元素铁、碘、铜、锰、和锌,以及脂肪酸(包括亚麻酸、棕榈酸、和油酸)。玛咖也含有多糖、硫甙(glucosinate)(例如金莲葡糖硫苷和间-甲氧基金莲葡糖硫苷)、多酚、(1R,3S)-1-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢-β-咔啉-3-甲酸、对-甲氧基苄基异硫氰酸酯和多于19种的称知为“玛咖酰胺”的芳香族烷酰胺(Wu等人(2013)Bioorg.Med.Chem.[生物有机与药物化学]21:5188-5197)。
如本文所使用的,玛卡提取物是玛卡的根或空气部分的提取物。在某些实施例中,所述玛卡提取物是来自所述植物的根或下胚轴的提取物。优选地,玛卡提取物富含一种或多种芳香族烷酰胺、也更确切地在本文称为“玛咖酰胺”。在一些实施例中,所述玛卡提取物富含具有结构通式I的一种或多种芳香族烷酰胺:
其中R1是氢或甲氧基(-O-CH3),并且R2是取代的或未取代的C13-23烷基或烯基基团。
如本文所使用的,“烷基”基团是指烃基,烃基可以是直链或支链并且可以任选地被取代。所述烷基可以具有13至23个碳原子(即,C13-C23),其中数值范围“13至23个”是指在给定范围内的每个整数,例如,“13至23个碳原子”意指烷基基团可以具有13个碳原子、15个碳原子、17个碳原子等,直到且包括19个碳原子。例如,“C15-C17烷基”指示在烷基链中有15至17个碳原子。在具有式I的化合物中使用的烷基基团包括十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基、和十九烷基。
本发明的“链基”基团是指有13至23个碳原子的直链烃基,即,C13-C23,含有一个至四个双键,其可以任选地被取代。在具有式I的化合物中使用的烯基基团包括具有一、二、三或四个双键的十三烯基、十四烯基、十五烯基、十六烯基、十七烯基、十八烯基、和十九烯基。
烷基和烯基基团的取代基的实例独立地包括例如,硝基、羟基或氧代、C1-3烷基、或C1-3烷氧基(例如,甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基)。在某些实施例中,取代基的数量是1至3,例如,1、2或3。
在某些实施例中,所述玛卡提取物富含以下芳香族烷酰胺中的一种或多种:(i)N-苄基油酰胺;(ii)N-苄基亚油酰胺;(iii)N-苄基亚麻酰胺;(iv)玛咖酰胺2;(v)玛咖酰胺1;(vi)N-(3-甲氧基苄基)油酰胺;(vii)N-苄基硬脂酰胺;以及(viii)(9Z,12Z)-N-[(3-甲氧基苯基)甲基]-9,12-十八碳二烯酰胺(表1),且可以包括其他的芳香族的/脂肪族的烷酰胺例如N-苄基-(9,16)-二氧-(10E,12E,14E)-十八碳三烯酰胺、N-苄基-(16)-羟基-(9)-氧代-(10E,12E,14E)-十八碳三烯酰胺、N-苄基-(9)-氧代-(12Z,15Z)-十八碳二烯酰胺、N-苄基-(13)-羰基-(9E,11E)-十八碳二烯酰胺、N-苄基-(9)-羰基-(12Z)-十八碳烯酰胺、N-苄基辛酰胺、N-苄基-(15Z)-二十四碳烯酰胺。
表1
已经发现在干燥植物物质中的总芳香族烷酰胺在0.0016%至0.013%(w/w)的范围内(Li等人(2017)J.Food QualityArticle ID:2904951[食品质量杂志文章编号2904951];McCollom等人(2005)Phytochem.Anal.[植物化学分析]16(6):463-469)。玛卡提取物富含一种或多种芳香族烷酰胺,当所述芳香族烷酰胺构成所述提取物的0.1%与100%(w/w)之间、或更优选地所述提取物的10%与100%(w/w)之间、或最优选地所述提取物的50%与100%(w/w)之间。
玛卡提取物可以通过以下方式获得:研磨、碾磨或粉碎干燥的玛卡植物物质(例如,干燥的玛卡根)以获得粉末,以及随后将所述粉末悬浮于溶剂中持续一段时间(例如,30分钟至24小时),该时间足以从所述植物物质中提取所期望的芳香族烷酰胺,然后过滤提取物以移除不溶解的植物物质(De Gruyter等人(2017)Z.Naturforsch.[自然研究杂志]72(11-12)c:449-57;Valentova等人(2006)CellBiol.Toxicol.[细胞生物学和毒理学]22(2):91-9;D'Arrigo等人(2004)Revista Peruana de Biología.[秘鲁生物学杂志]11:103-106;Zhang等人(2006)J.Ethnopharmacol.[民族药理学杂志]105(1-2):274-9)。用于获得玛卡提取物中的溶剂包括极性的或半极性的有机溶剂,例如水、2-丁醇、1-丁醇、异丁醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、己烷、环己烷、或其组合。在某些实施例中,使用水和乙醇(例如,80%、85%、90%或95%乙醇)的混合物获得玛卡提取物。提取可以在25℃至70℃的温度范围内,或更优选地在大约50℃的温度下进行。理想地,在玛卡提取物的制备中使用了有持续搅拌的夹套式反应器或任何其他有持续渗滤的提取设备。在其他的实施例中,玛卡提取物在真空下浓缩,并且通过用水稀释浓缩的提取物(例如,浓缩的乙醇提取物)以及用一种或多种与水不混溶的溶剂(例如,2-丁醇,1-丁醇,异丁醇,乙酸乙酯,或乙酸乙酯与2-丁醇、1-丁醇、或异丁醇的混合物)提取进行另外的液液提取以改善味道活性。优选地,用10%至90%乙酸乙酯和90%至10%2-丁醇、1-丁醇、或异丁醇的混合物进行液液提取。
可替代地,含有芳香族烷酰胺的提取物可以使用超临界二氧化碳获得(Cho等人(2013)Food Sci.Biotechnol.[食品科学和生物技术]22(3):859-64)或使用石油醚作为溶剂的超声辅助提取(UAE)(Chen等人(2017)Molecules[分子]22(12):2196)。
本发明中使用的芳香族烷酰胺可以以富含玛卡提取物或作为分离的化合物形式使用。在一些实施例中,所述芳香族烷酰胺是通过基于分子大小、电荷、溶解度和/或极性的色谱分级从玛卡提取物分离的。根据色谱方法的类型,柱色谱可以用由例如右旋糖酐、琼脂糖、聚丙烯酰胺或二氧化硅组成的基质材料进行,且可以包括以下溶剂:例如二甲亚砜、吡啶、水、二甲基甲酰胺、甲醇、盐水、二氯乙烷、氯仿、丙醇、乙醇、异丁醇、甲酰胺、亚甲基二氯(methylene dichloride)、丁醇、乙腈、异丙醇、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、氯仿/二氯甲烷(dichloromethane)等等。典型地,色谱步骤的产物以多个级分收集,然后使用任何合适的分析技术(例如薄层色谱、质谱分析法)测试所述产物的所期望的化合物的存在。在某些实施例中,玛卡提取物使用快速色谱的分级,以制备含有芳香族烷酰胺的强效味道活性组分。在特别的实施例中,来自玛卡提取物的味道活性芳香族烷酰胺在与快速色谱附接的反相(C-18)高效液相色谱(HPLC)柱上是次级分级的。根据这个实施例,所述玛卡提取物可以在乙醇中溶解,然后,转移到C-18柱上并且用水和乙醇(60:40v/v)调节。快速色谱可以以10ml/min的流速进行并且使用可变的UV吸光度监测流出物。随后可以使用真空蒸发器或冷冻干燥来干燥次级分级。然后可以选择富含所期望的芳香族烷酰胺中的一种或多种的级分用于进一步的纯化。在某些实施例中,分离的芳香族烷酰胺是至少50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、95%、或99%纯。
可替代地,本发明的分离的芳香族烷酰胺可以从商业来源(例如,斯诺瓦托有限公司(Synnovator,Inc.),北科罗拉多州,卡里(Cary,NC))获得或化学合成。例如,芳香族的酰胺可以作为油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和苄胺或3-甲氧基苄基胺的衍生物制备(Wu等人(2013)Bioorgan.Med.Chem.[生物有机和药物化学]21(17):5188-97)。还参见CN 104513171 A。
本文描述的玛卡提取物(包括其级分)和分离的芳香族烷酰胺通过掩蔽具有散发所述涩味、苦味和/或异味的组分的消耗品的涩味、苦味和/或异味来改善消耗品的味道和/或异味。在这方面,消耗品包括任何食物产品、药物组合物、膳食补充剂、保健营养品、牙齿卫生组合物、桌面甜味剂、饮料、或美容产品,这些产品包括涩味、苦味和/或异味的组分。优选地,具有涩味、苦味或异味的组分的消耗品通过添加以下物质来修改:(a)玛卡提取物;(b)玛卡根提取物;(c)从玛卡提取物中获得的一种或多种分离的芳香族烷酰胺;(d)从玛卡根提取物中获得的一种或多种分离的芳香族烷酰胺;(e)玛卡根提取物和从玛卡提取物中获得的一种或多种分离的芳香族烷酰胺的组合;(f)N-苄基油酰胺、N-苄基-亚油酰胺、N-苄基亚麻酰胺、玛咖酰胺2、玛咖酰胺1、N-(3-甲氧基苄基)油酰胺、N-苄基硬脂酰胺、(9Z,12Z)-N-[(3-甲氧基苯基)甲基]-9,12-十八碳二烯酰胺、或其组合;或(f)玛卡根提取物与N-苄基油酰胺、N-苄基-亚油酰胺、N-苄基亚麻酰胺、玛卡酰胺2、玛卡酰胺1、N-(3-甲氧基苄基)油酰胺、N-苄基硬脂酰胺、或(9Z,12Z)-N-[(3-甲氧苯基)甲基]-9,12-十八碳二烯酰胺中的一种或多种的组合。
在特别的实施例中,具有涩味、苦味或异味的组分的消耗品通过添加以下来修改:(a)N-苄基油酰胺;(b)N-苄基硬脂酰胺;(c)玛咖酰胺1;(d)玛咖酰胺2;(e)N-苄基油酰胺和玛咖酰胺1的组合;(f)N-苄基油酰胺和玛咖酰胺2的组合;(g)N-苄基油酰胺和N-苄基硬脂酰胺的组合;或(h)N-苄基油酰胺、N-苄基硬脂酰胺、玛咖酰胺1、和玛咖酰胺2的组合。
如本文所使用的术语“掩蔽”(“mask”或“masking”)被定义为通过添加玛卡提取物和/或一种或多种芳香族烷酰胺覆盖、掩盖和/或模糊涩味、苦味和/或异味,其中与涩味、苦味和/或异味有关的组分保持不变,但是其令人不愉快的味道不会被消耗所述消耗品的人感知到。
与不包括玛卡提取物和/或一种或多种芳香族烷酰胺作为外源的添加剂的比较消耗品的味道和/或风味特征相比,可以改善或增强(例如,改善1.5、2.0、2.5、5.0、7.5或10倍)包括本发明的玛卡提取物和/或一种或多种芳香族烷酰胺的消耗品的味道和/或风味特征。理想地,与不包括玛卡提取物和/或一种或多种芳香族烷酰胺的消耗品相比,玛卡提取物和/或一种或多种芳香族烷酰胺将异味减少至少约10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、或95%,或从约60%至约99%,或可替代地从约20%至约50%。
在某些实施例中,本发明的玛卡提取物和/或一种或多种芳香族烷酰胺减少、抑制或掩蔽消耗品的涩味、苦味、和/或异味。异味(“off-flavor”或“off-taste”)是指消耗品的苦的、酸的、鱼腥的、泥土味的、砂质的、糊的、焦的、豆味的、涩的、白垩的、金属的和/或令人不愉快的味道。涩味(“Astringent”或“astringency”)是指在口腔中感觉的皱褶的或口干的感觉。苦味(“Bitter”或“bitterness”)是指主要在舌的背后感知的四种基础味道(通常被描述为刺激性的、辛辣的、或令人不快的)之一。
具有涩味、苦味和/或异味的组分可以是固有地存在于消耗品中的蛋白质、碳水化合物甜味剂、人造甜味剂或防腐剂(例如,含有水果的食物产品)或所述组分被添加至消耗品中。在某些实施例中,所述具有涩味、苦味和/或异味的组分是蛋白质。有涩味、苦味和/或异味的蛋白质可以包括消耗品的氨基酸、蛋白质水解物或蛋白质组分,特别是植物蛋白质或食草动物的奶。本发明的甜味剂包括但不限于碳水化合物甜味剂,例如蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖、高果糖玉米糖浆(含有果糖和葡萄糖)、木糖、阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖,以及糖醇,例如赤藓糖醇、木糖醇、甘露醇、山梨糖醇、或肌醇。人造甜味剂包括但不限于天然甜味#2(WO 2012/129451)、甜菊苷、莱鲍迪甙(rebaudioside)A、莱鲍迪甙B、莱鲍迪甙C、莱鲍迪甙D、莱鲍迪甙E、莱鲍迪甙F、杜克甙(dulcoside)A、杜克甙B、甜菊、α-葡糖基甜菊、果糖基甜菊、半乳糖基甜菊、β-葡糖基甜菊、赛门苷(siamenoside)、罗汉果苷(mogroside)IV、罗汉果苷V、罗汉果(Luo Han Guo)甜味剂、莫那甜(monatin)和其盐类、甘草酸和其盐类(例如,如MAGNASWEET中发现的)、仙茅蛋白(curculin)、奇异果甜蛋白(thaumatin)、应乐果甜蛋白(monellin)、马槟榔甜蛋白(mabinlin)、甜味蛋白(brazzein)、hernandulcin、叶甜素(phyllodulcin)、菝葜苷(glycyphyllin)、根皮苷(phloridzin)、三叶苷(trilobtain)、白元参甙(baiyunoside)、水龙骨甜素(osladin)、polypodoside A、皮提罗苷(pterocaryoside)A、皮提罗苷B、无患子倍半萜甙(mukurozioside)、糙苏甙(phlomisoside)I、巴西甘草甜素(periandrin)I、相思子三萜甙(abrusoside)A、甜茶树苷(cyclocarioside)I、或其组合。具有涩味、苦味和/或异味的防腐剂的实例包括但不限于苯甲酸和山梨酸。
当作为外源的添加剂向消耗品添加时,本发明的玛卡提取物和/或一种或多种芳香族烷酰胺以有效减少或抑制具有涩味、苦味或异味的消耗品的组分的涩味、苦味或异味的量使用。理想地,包括在消耗品中的玛卡提取物和/或一种或多种芳香族烷酰胺的量不会给消耗品带来任何异味。优选地,存在于消耗品的玛卡提取物和/或一种或多种芳香族烷酰胺的量是低至1ppt的量、低至50ppt的量、低至100ppt的量、低至1ppb的量、低至10ppb的量或低至100ppb的量。玛卡提取物和/或一种或多种芳香族烷酰胺可以以高至1000ppm的量、高至500ppm的量、或高至100ppm的量包括在消耗品中。玛卡提取物和/或一种或多种芳香族烷酰胺可以进一步存在于由任何一对上述值限定的任何范围内,例如在1ppt与100ppm之间、在10ppt与1ppm之间、在50ppt与50ppm之间例如。如本文所使用的术语“ppt”、“ppb”和“ppm”分别地意指按重量计或按体积计份万亿分之一、十亿分之一和百万分之一。
本发明的玛卡提取物和/或芳香族烷酰胺已经与一些活性相关,这些包括例如,抗抑郁活性、抗氧化活性、激励性质、性功能障碍活性、雌激素性质、保肝的活性、免疫促进作用、骨质疏松作用等。作为具有500-2000mg范围内的服用大小的商业补充剂,玛卡(玛咖根或根提取物)的建议使用是每天1-2次。在临床试验研究中,发现施用500-3500克/天玛咖根是耐受良好的(Dording等人(2008)CNSNeurosci Ther.[中枢神经系统神经科学和治疗学]14(3):182-191;Zenico等人(2009)Andrologia[男科学]41(2):95-99;Brooks等人(2008)Menopause.[更年期]15(6):1157-1162;Gonzales等人(2002)Andrologia[男科学]34(6):367-72;Stone等人(2009)J.Ethnopharmacol.[民族药理学杂志]126(3):574-6)。鉴于所述玛卡提取物和/或芳香族烷酰胺以显著低于为实现治疗益处而建议的量使用,因此本组合物不同于在先前领域中描述的药物制剂、膳食补充剂和保健营养品。如此,本发明的所述组合物可以提供无相关药理学活性的味道调节活性。
如本文所使用的短语“食物产品”包括但不限于水果、蔬菜、果汁、肉产品(例如,火腿、培根和香肠)、蛋产品、水果浓缩物、明胶和明胶样产品(例如,果酱、果冻、蜜饯等)、奶产品(例如,冰淇淋、酸性奶油和果子露)、糖衣、包括糖蜜的糖浆、玉米产品、小麦产品、黑麦产品、大豆产品、燕麦产品、大米产品和大麦产品、坚果肉和坚果产品、蛋糕、曲奇饼、糖膏(例如,糖果、胶、果味滴剂和巧克力)、口香糖、薄荷糖、奶油、冰淇淋、馅饼和面包、和饮料(例如咖啡、茶、碳酸软饮品(例如在商标和下出售的那些)、非碳酸软饮品、果汁和其他水果饮品、运动饮品(例如在商标下出售的那些)、酒精饮料(例如啤酒、红酒和露酒))。食物产品还包括调味品,例如草药、香料和调料,和增昧剂,例如谷氨酸一钠。食物产品还包括加工的包装产品,例如膳食甜味剂、液体甜味剂、颗粒状香料混合物,所述产品用水重构后提供非碳酸饮品、速溶布丁混合物、速溶咖啡和茶、咖啡增白剂、麦芽奶混合物、宠物食品、牲畜饲料、烟草、以及用于烘焙应用的材料,例如用于制备面包、饼干、蛋糕、煎饼、甜甜圈等的粉末状烘焙混合物。食物产品还包括低脂或低卡食物和几乎不含蔗糖的饮料。尤其优选的食物产品是碳酸饮料。
消耗品还可以是药物组合物。优选的组合物是含有所述玛卡提取物和/或芳香族烷酰胺和一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂的药物组合物。这些药物组合物可以用于配制含有一种或多种活性剂(所述活性剂可以产生除味道调节外的生物效应)的药用的药品。所述药物组合物优选地进一步包括产生生物效应或药理作用的一种或多种活性剂。这样的活性剂包括有除味道调节外的活性的药物和生物制剂。这样的活性剂在本领域中是熟知的。参见,例如The Physician's Desk Reference[医师案头参考]。可以根据本领域已知的步骤制备此类组合物,例如,乳以下文献中描述:Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences[雷明顿的医药科学],Mack Publishing Co.[马克出版公司],宾夕法尼亚州伊斯顿市。在一个实施例中,这种活性剂包括支气管扩张剂、厌食剂、抗组胺剂、营养补充剂、缓泻剂、镇痛剂、麻醉剂、抗酸剂、H2-受体拮抗剂、抗胆碱能剂、止泻剂、缓和剂、镇咳剂、防恶心剂、抗微生物剂、抗细菌剂、抗真菌剂、抗病毒剂、祛痰剂、抗炎剂、解热剂、及其混合物。在一个实施例中,活性剂是解热剂或镇痛剂,例如布洛芬、对乙酰氨基酚或阿司匹林;缓泻剂,例如酚酞二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠;食欲抑制剂,例如苯丙胺、苯丙醇胺、盐酸苯丙醇胺、或咖啡因;抗酸剂,例如碳酸钙;止喘剂,例如茶碱;抗利尿剂,例如盐酸地芬诺酯;抗肠胃气胀的活性剂,例如西甲硅油(simethecon);偏头痛剂,例如酒石酸麦角胺(ergotaminetartrate);精神病治疗剂,例如氟哌啶醇;解痉剂或镇静剂,例如苯巴比妥;抗多动症剂,例如甲基多巴或哌甲酯;安定剂,例如苯并二氮平、羟丙氨酯(hydroxinmeprobramate)或酚噻嗪;抗组胺剂,例如阿司咪唑、马来酸扑尔敏、马来酸吡拉敏(pyridamine maleate)、琥珀酸多西拉敏(doxlaminesuccinate)、马来酸溴苯那敏、枸椽酸苯托沙敏、盐酸氯环力嗪、马来酸非尼拉敏、或酒石酸苯茚胺;减充血剂,例如盐酸苯丙醇胺、盐酸苯肾上腺素、盐酸伪麻黄碱、硫酸假麻黄碱、苯丙醇胺酒石酸氢盐、麻黄碱;β-受体阻滞剂,例如心得安;用于酒精戒断的剂,例如二硫龙(disulfuram);镇咳剂,例如苯佐卡因、右美沙芬、氢溴酸右美沙芬、那可丁(noscapine)、枸橼酸喷托维林、或盐酸氯苯达诺;氟化钠补充剂,例如氟化钠;局部抗生素,例如四环素或氯洁霉素(cleocine);皮质类固醇补充剂,例如泼尼松或泼尼松龙;抗甲状腺肿形成的剂,例如秋水仙碱或别嘌醇;抗癫痫剂,例如苯妥英钠;抗脱水的剂,例如电解质补充剂;抗菌防腐剂,例如十六烷基氯化吡啶鎓;NSAID,例如对乙酰氨基酚、布洛芬、萘普生、或其盐;胃肠的活性剂,例如洛哌丁胺和法莫替丁;生物碱,例如磷酸可待因、硫酸可待因、或吗啡;用于微量元素的补充剂,例如氯化钠、氯化锌、碳酸钙、氧化镁、或其他的碱金属盐或碱土金属盐;维生素;离子交换树脂,例如消胆胺;胆固醇抑制剂或降脂质物质;抗心律不齐剂,例如N-普鲁卡因酰胺;或祛痰剂,例如愈创甘油醚。
在一些实施例中,消耗品是膳食补充剂或保健营养品。具有不期望的味道的此类组合物的实例包括但不限于肠道营养产品(用于治疗营养不足的、创伤、外科手术、克罗恩病、肾脏疾病、高血压、肥胖症等),以改善运动表现、肌肉增强或一般健康、或例如苯酮尿症的先天性代谢缺陷。特别地,此类组合物可以含有有苦味或金属味或余味的一种或多种氨基酸类化合物。此类氨基酸包括但不限于必需氨基酸,例如亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、组氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸、和缬氨酸的L异构体。
在另外的实施例中,本发明的消耗品是含有本发明的玛卡提取物和/或一种或多种芳香族烷酰胺的牙齿卫生组合物。牙齿卫生组合物是本领域已知的,并且包括但不一定限于牙膏、漱口剂、牙菌斑冲洗、牙线、牙痛缓解剂(例如在商标ANBESOLTM下出售的止痛药)等。在一个实施例中,牙齿卫生组合物包括一种甜味剂。在另一个实施例中,牙齿卫生组合物包括多于一种甜味剂。在某些实施例中,牙齿卫生组合物包括蔗糖和玉米糖浆、或蔗糖和阿斯巴甜。
在又另一个实施例中,本发明的消耗品是含有本发明的玛卡提取物和/或一种或多种芳香族烷酰胺的美容产品。例如但不是通过限制,美容产品可以是面霜、口红、唇彩等。本发明的其他合适的组合物包括唇膏,例如在商标或BURT'S唇膏下出售的那些。
本发明通过下文中的非限制性实例进行了更为详细地描述。
实例1:玛卡的乙醇提取物
将一百克干燥的且碾磨的玛卡根(80网格大小)装载在夹套式化学玻璃容器渗滤器中。向所述干燥的物质中添加500mL的95%乙醇溶液(含有5%水的95%食品级乙醇,v/v)。将所得混合物在50℃至52℃渗滤3小时,并且将所述提取物排出且收集在一个单独的容器中。用500ml的95%乙醇溶液在相同的条件下再一次重复上述提取程序。将两次的提取物合并在一起,过滤并且浓缩至干糊状,产率为15%(w/w)。
实例2:玛卡的乙酸乙酯提取物
将一百克干燥的且碾磨的玛卡根(80网格大小)装载在夹套式化学玻璃容器渗滤器中。向所述干燥的物质中添加500mL的乙酸乙酯溶液。将所得混合物在50℃至52℃渗滤3小时,并且将所述提取物排出且收集在一个单独的容器中。用500ml的乙酸乙酯溶液在相同的条件下再一次重复上述提取程序。将两次的提取物合并在一起,过滤并且浓缩至干糊状,产率为1%(w/w)。
实例3:玛卡的异丁醇提取物
将一百克干燥的且碾磨的玛卡根(80网格大小)装载在夹套式化学玻璃容器渗滤器中。向所述干燥的物质中添加500mL的异丁醇溶液。将所得混合物在50℃至52℃渗滤3小时,并且将所述提取物排出且收集在一个单独的容器中。用500ml的异丁醇乙醇溶液在相同的条件下再一次重复上述提取流程。将两次的提取物合并在一起,过滤并且浓缩至干糊状,产率为1.8%(w/w)。
实例4:玛卡提取物的分析
基于LC-MS分析(表2),玛卡的乙醇提取物包括几种芳香族烷酰胺和脂肪酸、生物碱以及其他的次要的化合物。
表2
相应地,本发明的玛卡根提取物是蛋白质、氨基酸、矿物质、生物碱、和酚醛的丰富来源。
对于实例1、2、和3中制备的实例中的每个,确定了已知的玛咖酰胺的总量。分析结果呈现在表3中。
表3
实例1、2、和3的乙醇、乙酸乙酯和异丁醇的提取物的掩蔽性质分别由经训练的品尝小组评估。该分析的结果(表4)表示提取物增强鲜味感知并且掩蔽豌豆蛋白分离物的豆味、泥土味、和苦味。
表4
实例5:具有不同量的玛咖酰胺的玛卡提取物的分析
制备了玛卡的四个不同批次的乙醇提取物(表5)并且由经训练的品尝小组评估原样或以1:4提取物:甘油比率稀释的味道调节活性。该分析的结果(表6)表示提取物掩蔽5%豌豆蛋白分离物溶液的苦的、酸的、鱼腥的、泥土味的、砂质的、白垩的、焦的、豆味的、金属味的和涩的味道。
表5
表6
数字表示强度。喜欢评分,1是最好,10是最差。
实例6:玛卡提取物的分级和分析
为了确认来自玛卡的乙醇提取物的味道活性化合物,使用半制备型HPLC仪器进行感官引导分级。基于化合物的极性收集了多于22个分级并且每个级分单独测试味道掩蔽性质。其中,十个分离的级分展示苦味、异味掩蔽性质。使用半制备型HPLC进一步纯化味道活性级分并且同时通过MS/NMR分析鉴定为N-苄基油酰胺(CAS号:101762-87-2);N-苄基亚油酰胺(CAS号:18286-71-0);N-苄基亚麻酰胺(CAS号:883715-18-2);玛咖酰胺2(CAS号:405906-95-8);玛咖酰胺1(CAS号:74058-71-2);N-(3-甲氧基苄基)油酰胺(CAS号:883715-21-7);N-苄基硬脂酰胺(CAS号:5327-45-7)、和(9Z,12Z)-N-[(3-甲氧基苯基)甲基]-9,12-十八碳二烯酰胺(CAS号:883715-22-8)。
进行了芳香族烷酰胺的感官分析。特定地,向对应于表7中的每种芳香族烷酰胺(样品14至21)(0.5ppm)的每个分离的级分中添加4%豌豆蛋白分离物溶液,并且该级分具有掩蔽蛋白质异味、苦味、和/或涩味的能力,由经训练的品尝小组评估。该分析的结果(表7)表示某些级分增强鲜味感知并且掩蔽豌豆蛋白分离物的豆味的、泥土味的、和苦的味道。
表7
在不同的应用中和不同的水平中进一步测试了芳香族烷酰胺的活性。特别地,在0.1ppm和0.5ppm的柠檬味维生素水零模拟基底(表8)和0.5ppm的20%蔓越莓汁中测试纯化合物的感官味道并且与玛卡根的95%乙醇提取物(实例1)的味道特征相比。蔓越莓汁(100%)购自Knudsen&Son,Inc.公司(加利福尼亚州奇科(Chico,CA)),并且在水(比例1:5,w/w)中稀释用于分析。分析结果呈现在表9中。
表8
维生素水成分 | % | 数量(g) |
甜菊-97%RebA | 0.04 | 0.4 |
柠檬酸钠 | 0.02 | 0.2 |
氯化钠 | 0.025 | 0.25 |
柠檬酸 | 0.1 | 1 |
抗坏血酸 | 0.22 | 2.2 |
磷酸85% | 0.015 | 0.15 |
维生素预混料 | 0.04 | 0.4 |
水 | Q.S至100ml | Q.S至1000ml |
表9
实例7:调节鲜味感知
玛卡提取物及其级分调节鲜味的能力通过向0.4%鸡汤(Chicken Bouillon)溶液(家乐鸡汤(Knorr Chicken Bouillon))中添加25ppm的玛卡根的乙醇提取物(实例1)、2ppm的粗乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯层、或0.5ppm的富含N-苄基硬脂酰胺的级分决定。由经训练的小组进行了上述引用的组合物的感官分析,该分析结果呈现在表10中。
表10
实例8:芳香族烷酰胺单独和共混物
进一步测试芳香族烷酰胺单独和组合掩蔽蛋白质样品的苦味、涩味和异味。特别地,制备了与玛卡根的乙醇提取物(表3)相同的分离的芳香族烷酰胺的共混物(样品35)。对照蛋白质样品是豌豆蛋白质分离物(在水中溶解以制作4%味道溶液),向其中添加入500μl乙醇。分析结果呈现在表11中。
表11
制备了另外的组合物(表12)并且由经训练的品尝小组评估与玛卡的乙醇提取物相比的味道调节活性。蛋白质对照样品是5%豌豆蛋白分离物溶液,向其中添加200μl乙醇。该分析的结果(表13)表示所述单独的芳香族烷酰胺和其共混物掩蔽蛋白质的苦的、酸的、腥的、泥土味的、砂质的、白垩的、焦的、豆味的、金属味的和涩的味道。
表12
表13
数字表示强度。喜欢评分,1是最好,10是最差。
将N-苄基油酰胺与其他单独的芳香族烷酰胺(表14)结合以决定是否存在任何协同作用。由经训练的品尝小组评估组合与玛卡的乙醇提取物相比的味道调节活性。蛋白质对照样品是5%豌豆蛋白分离物溶液,向其中添加200μl乙醇。呈现在(表15)中的该分析的结果表示尽管N-苄基油酰胺+N-苄基硬脂酰胺+玛咖酰胺1和玛咖酰胺2的组合展示最好的味道掩蔽活性,但当N-苄基油酰胺与玛咖酰胺1或玛咖酰胺2组合时也观察到协同效应。
表14
表15
数字表示强度。喜欢评分,1是最好,10是最差。*非常高的鲜味。
Claims (12)
1.一种消耗品,所述消耗品包含具有涩味、苦味或异味的组分;以及选自由以下组成的组的芳香族烷酰胺中的一种或组合:N-苄基油酰胺、N-苄基亚油酰胺、N-苄基亚麻酰胺、玛咖酰胺2、玛咖酰胺1、N-(3-甲氧基苄基)油酰胺、N-苄基硬脂酰胺或(9Z,12Z)-N-[(3-甲氧基苯基)甲基]-9,12-十八碳二烯酰胺。
2.如权利要求1所述的消耗品,其中所述具有涩味、苦味或异味的组分是蛋白质、碳水化合物甜味剂、人造甜味剂或防腐剂。
3.如权利要求1所述的消耗品,其中所述芳香族烷酰胺呈富含芳香族烷酰胺的玛卡(Lepidium meyenii)提取物的形式。
4.如权利要求3所述的消耗品,其中所述富含芳香族烷酰胺的玛卡提取物是玛卡根的乙醇的、乙酸乙酯或异丁醇提取物。
5.如权利要求1所述的消耗品,其中在所述消耗品中所述芳香族烷酰胺的浓度在万亿分之一至百万分之1000的范围内。
6.如权利要求1所述的消耗品,其中所述消耗品是食物产品、药物组合物、膳食补充剂、保健营养品、牙齿卫生组合物、桌面甜味剂、饮料、或美容产品。
7.一种改善消耗品的味道的方法,所述方法包括向包含具有涩味、苦味或异味的组分的消耗品以有效减少或抑制所述涩味、苦味或异味由此改善消耗品的味道的量添加选自由以下组成的组的芳香族烷酰胺中的一种或组合:N-苄基油酰胺、N-苄基亚油酰胺、N-苄基亚麻酰胺、玛咖酰胺2、玛咖酰胺1、N-(3-甲氧基苄基)油酰胺、N-苄基硬脂酰胺或(9Z,12Z)-N-[(3-甲氧基苯基)甲基]-9,12-十八碳二烯酰胺。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述具有涩味、苦味或异味的组分是蛋白质、碳水化合物甜味剂、人造甜味剂或防腐剂。
9.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述芳香族烷酰胺呈富含芳香族烷酰胺的玛卡(Lepidium meyenii)提取物的形式。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述富含芳香族烷酰胺的玛卡提取物是玛卡根的乙醇的、乙酸乙酯或异丁醇提取物。
11.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中在所述消耗品中所述芳香族烷酰胺的浓度在万亿分之一至百万分之1000的范围内。
12.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述消耗品是食物产品、药物组合物、膳食补充剂、保健营养品、牙齿卫生组合物、桌面甜味剂、饮料、或美容产品。
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