CN113773233A - 一种甲基胍基脲衍生物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种甲基胍基脲衍生物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113773233A CN113773233A CN202111111937.2A CN202111111937A CN113773233A CN 113773233 A CN113773233 A CN 113773233A CN 202111111937 A CN202111111937 A CN 202111111937A CN 113773233 A CN113773233 A CN 113773233A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种甲基胍基脲衍生物及其制备方法与应用。该类化合物的结构式如式Ⅰ所示。该化合物对来自亚洲玉米螟和粘质沙雷氏菌的几丁质酶具有高效的抑制活性,在农业害虫亚洲玉米螟、小菜蛾、线虫等的防治方面具有应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一类甲基胍基脲类的化合物及其制备方法与应用,属于农药化合物制备领域。
背景技术
几丁质(chitin)又称为壳多糖,是N-乙酰葡糖胺通过β连接聚合而成的结构同多糖,是甲壳类动物的外壳、昆虫的外表皮和真菌的细胞壁的重要组成成分。几丁质酶大多属于糖基水解酶家族18(GH18),不同物种的几丁质酶具有结构的高度相似性,这些几丁质酶具有将β-1,4-连接的N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖(GlcNAc)水解为几丁寡糖的作用,在昆虫中,几丁质酶是蜕皮液或蜕皮中最丰富的几丁质酶分泌蛋白,主要作用是水解消化昆虫成蛹后旧的表皮;在细菌中为细胞的生命活动提供糖来源,在真菌中重塑和维持细胞的细胞壁。目前研究报道的几丁质酶抑制剂多以天然产物为主,Sakuda等人最早从链霉菌中分离得到了一种天然产物假三糖Allosamidin,活性研究发现这种抑制剂可以抑制不同物种GH18家族的几丁质酶;Shiomi等人从胶枝霉和螺旋聚孢霉的培养液中分离得到了两种环多肽的天然产物Argifin和Argadin,Argifin是第一个非糖结构的几丁质酶抑制剂,它对铜绿蝇几丁质酶的抑制剂活性在37℃下能达到3.7μM,在20℃条件下可以达到0.1μM。Sunazuka等人基于Argifin的Dimethylguanylurea活性片段结构和红霉素的大环内酯设计合成了新的几丁质酶,对来自沙雷氏菌的几丁质酶抑制活性达到了0.036μM,这一研究结果为基于Argifin的几丁质酶抑制剂的设计提供了新的合理可行的思路。然而天然产物的获取困难,且成本高,因此开发可化学合成且容易得到的几丁质酶抑制剂是非常有必要的。
大量的研究工作对几丁质酶水解几丁质的过程进行了详细的阐述,且来自昆虫、细菌、真菌等的多种几丁质酶晶体结构已经得到明确的解析。基于靶标的合理设计是新农药创制的重要方法,尤其是在几丁质酶的结构及水解几丁质的机理已经明确的条件下,这种针对性强的新农药分子设计方法受到科研工作者的广泛关注。此外,几丁质与农业害虫的生长发育息息相关,但是高等动植物体内不含几丁质,因此与几丁质的水解有关的几丁质酶是近年来新农药靶标的研究热点。
胍是碱性最强的有机碱(pKa=13.6),在一般的生理环境中它处于完全质子化状态,并且能在较大pH范围内保持正电性,这种特殊的性质使得胍基易于与蛋白受体通过氢键或静电作用形成特殊的相互作用。正是由于胍基官能团易于形成氢键、稳定性高,及具有较强的生理活性而受到化学家和药物学家的广泛关注。目前活性理想的几丁质酶抑制剂主要以环五肽的天然产物Argifin和Argadin以及假三糖类的Allosamidin为主,尽管这些抑制剂具有很高效的几丁质酶抑制活性,但是由于其合成困难,获取成本高而不能够大规模的应用,并且到目前为止市场上还没有出现可以应用到农业病虫害防治中的针对几丁质酶靶标的新农药,为了寻找一种新的小分子几丁质酶抑制剂,本发明以天然产物Argifin和Argadin共有的关键活性片段甲基胍基脲为基础结构,设计合成了一系列的甲基胍基脲衍生物,且测试它们的靶标酶抑制活性及杀虫活性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种甲基胍基脲衍生物及其制备方法与应用,本发明合成得到的甲基胍基脲衍生物具有靶标酶抑制活性和杀虫活性。
本发明的技术方案具体介绍如下。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供一种甲基胍基脲衍生物,其结构特征如式Ⅰ所示:
其中:Ar选自以下两组结构中的任意一种;
第一组:
第二组:
根据本发明的第二方面,提供上述甲基胍基脲衍生物的制备方法,反应方程式如下所示:
具体步骤如下:
(1)将芳香胺化合物式Ⅱ与羧酸化合物式Ⅲ在溶剂中和催化剂的条件下发生缩合反应生成中间体式Ⅳ;
(2)将式Ⅳ所示的化合物去Boc-酸酐的保护,得到化合物式Ⅴ;
(3)将Boc-酸酐保护的异甲基硫脲式Ⅵ与酰氯结构式Ⅶ反应得到化合物式Ⅷ;
(4)将式Ⅴ所示的化合物与式Ⅷ所示的化合物反应得到式Ⅸ所示的化合物;
(5)将式Ⅸ所示的化合物进行去除Boc-酸酐保护,得到最终产物式Ⅰ。
具体情况下,步骤(1)中,芳香胺式Ⅱ与羧酸化合物式Ⅲ以及催化剂的摩尔比为1:1:1,所使用的催化剂可以是氯甲酸乙酯、N,N-碳酰二咪唑(CDI)、二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)、二异丙基碳二亚胺(DIC)、1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺(EDCI)中的任意一种。所使用的溶剂可以是DMF、二氯甲烷或四氢呋喃中的任意一种。反应在25-60℃条件下进行。
具体情况下,步骤(1)中,所使用的催化剂为DCC时,所配合使用的碱为DMAP;所使用的催化剂为DIC时,所配合使用的碱可以是三乙胺、DMAP、4-PPY或HOBt中的任意一种;所使用的催化剂为EDCI时,所配合使用的碱可以是DMAP或HOBt中的任意一种。
具体情况下,步骤(2)中,反应在室温条件下进行,使用的酸可以是三氟乙酸或者36%的盐酸水溶液;使用的溶剂为二氯甲烷或者乙酸乙酯,酸与溶剂的体积比为2:8-1:1。
具体情况下,步骤(3)中,使用的溶剂为丙酮,使用的碱为三乙胺、DBU、碳酸氢钠或者DMAP中的任意一种,反应物Boc-酸酐保护的异甲基硫脲式Ⅵ与酰氯式Ⅶ的摩尔比为1:2-1:4,反应在0℃条件下进行。
具体情况下,步骤(4)中,反应溶剂为四氢呋喃、二氧六环、DMF或者二氯甲烷,反应温度为40℃-60℃。
具体情况下,步骤(5)中,使用的溶剂为二氯甲烷,使用的酸为三氟乙酸,其中三氟乙酸与二氯甲烷的体积比为1:10-1:2。
本发明进一步提供了上述式I所示的甲基胍基脲衍生物在昆虫几丁质酶抑制剂及防治农业有害生物中的应用。
当用于昆虫几丁质酶抑制剂时,其几丁质酶来源于亚洲玉米螟和沙雷氏菌。
当用于防治农业有害生物中的应用时,所述的有害生物包括鳞翅目、鞘翅目、直翅目、等翅目、半翅目、膜翅目、双翅目、双翅目、缨翅目、鳞翅目和鞘翅目有害生物;
或,所述有害生物包括线虫,所述线虫包括下述属的线虫:胞囊线虫属、球异皮线虫属、根结线虫属、穿孔线虫属、短体线虫属、小垫刃线虫属、长针线虫属、毛刺线虫属、剑线虫属、茎线虫属、滑刃线虫属和鳗线虫属。
所述有害生物为出现在植物上的有害生物,特别是在农业、园艺和林业中的有用植物和观赏植物上的有害生物,或出现在所述植物的各部分上的有害生物;所述植物包括谷物、甜菜、水果,豆科植物,油料植物,葫芦科植物,纤维植物,蔬菜,樟科植物,烟草,坚果,咖啡,糖用甘蔗,茶,胡椒,蛇麻子,天然橡胶植物和观赏植物。
附图说明
图1为化合物A6的核磁氢谱和碳谱。
图2为化合物A9的核磁氢谱和碳谱。
图3为化合物A6的几丁质酶IC50抑制曲线。
图4为化合物A9的几丁质酶IC50抑制曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施实例对本明的技术方案进行详细阐述。
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
一、通式为式Ⅰ的化合物的制备及结构表征
实施例1:化合物2-(3-(甲氨基甲酰)胍)-N-(3-硝基苯基)乙酰胺的制备
取0.02mol的Boc-甘氨酸式Ⅲ和0.02mol的CDI于100ml单口烧瓶中溶于20ml的四氢呋喃溶液中,室温搅拌反应5h后,加入0.02mol的3-硝基苯胺化合物式Ⅱ,在60℃加热条件下搅拌继续反应24-30h,反应结束后,减压旋蒸除去溶剂,用乙酸乙酯和水对反应物进行萃取,收集乙酸乙酯相,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸除去乙酸乙酯,甲醇重结晶,过滤收集固体产物叔丁基(2-(3-硝基苯胺)-2-氧乙基)氨基甲酸酯,产率为86%。
结构确证数据如下:
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.07(s,1H),8.40(s,1H),7.91(dd,J=20.1,7.9Hz,2H),7.45(t,J=8.1Hz,1H),5.57(t,J=5.7Hz,1H),4.02(d,J=5.6Hz,2H),1.49(s,9H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ168.58(s),156.93(s),148.43(s),138.95(s),129.76(s),125.50(s),118.88(s),114.58(s),81.03(s),45.35(s),28.31(s)。
取式Ⅳ所示的化合物叔丁基(2-(3-硝基苯胺)-2-氧乙基)氨基甲酸酯0.01mol于50ml的单口烧瓶中用10ml二氯甲烷溶解,然后在室温搅拌条件下,将5ml的三氟乙酸缓慢滴加至反应液中,反应30min后旋蒸除去溶剂和三氟乙酸,甲醇重结晶,过滤收集固体产物2-氨基-N-(3-硝基苯基)乙酰胺,产率96%。
结构确证数据如下:
1H NMR(500MHz,D2O)δ8.27(s,1H),7.92(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.65(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.47(t,J=8.2Hz,1H),3.93(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,D2O)δ165.69(s),147.98(s),137.43(s),130.11(s),126.90(s),119.97(s),115.40(s),40.99(s)。
取0.1mol的Boc-异甲基硫脲式Ⅵ和0.2mol的甲氨基甲酰氯于200ml单口烧瓶中溶于50ml的丙酮溶剂中,然后将0.2mol的三乙胺在0℃冰浴条件下缓慢滴加至反应液中,20min滴加完毕,室温继续搅拌10h。停止反应,旋蒸浓缩反应溶剂,用水和乙酸乙酯对反应物进行萃取,收集有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸浓缩溶剂,PE/EA=10:1的洗脱剂过柱收集产物,产率为89%。
结构确证数据如下:
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ12.30(s,1H),5.57(s,1H),2.84(d,J=5.1Hz,3H),2.29(s,3H),1.48(s,9H).
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ167.16(s),162.55(s),151.12(s),82.53(s),28.01(s),26.70(s),14.21(s).
取摩尔比为1:1的化合物2-氨基-N-(3-硝基苯基)乙酰胺式Ⅴ和化合物Ⅷ于20ml单口烧瓶中,加入10ml四氢呋喃溶解,50℃条件下加热反应24h,反应停止后浓缩反应液,PE/EA=1:1的洗脱剂过柱收集式Ⅸ所示的产物,产率为76%。
将式Ⅸ所示的化合物溶于二氯甲烷中,室温搅拌条件下缓慢滴加三氟乙酸,反应两小时停止反应,旋干溶剂,用体积比为10:1的乙醚和甲醇对反应物进行重结晶,过滤收集固体产物2-(3-(甲氨基甲酰)胍)-N-(3-硝基苯基)乙酰胺(编号A9),产率为90%。
其他通式为式Ⅰ的系列化合物均可参照上述方法制备得到。部分化合物编号、取代基团、理化数据见表1。其中n=1,R为甲氨基,结构鉴定的核磁共振氢谱、质谱数据见表2。
表1.部分化合物的取代基结构和物理性质
表2.部分化合物的核磁表征数据
二、通式为式Ⅰ的化合物酶抑制活性测定
酶活性测定方法:以4-甲基伞形酮基N,N'-二乙酰基-β-D-壳二糖苷(4-MethyluMbelliferyl N,N-diacetyl-β-D-chitobioside)为测试底物,将酶与测酶活缓冲液(20mM NaH2PO4,pH6.8)在96孔板内混合至终体积为90μL,加入10μL 5mM pNP-β-GlcNAc起始反应,25℃温育5min,加入100μL 0.5M碳酸钠终止反应,于405nm测定吸收值。
化合物抑制活性测定方法:将样品用DMSO溶解且稀释为多个不同的浓度梯度,范围在0.001-100μM之间。在96孔酶标板上,每孔分别加入抑制剂2μL,酶液88μL,底物10μL,使得每孔的溶液总体积为100μL。在30℃条件下震荡孵育20min,然后在酶标板的每孔加入100μL的终止液,使用酶标仪测定荧光强度。测试过程设置激发波长为350nm,发射波长为450nm,测定荧光强度,计算每个样品浓度的抑制率,使用软件graph prism拟合IC50值,部分化合物的几丁质酶抑制活性如表3所示:
表3.部分化合物的几丁质酶半数有效抑制浓度(IC50)
三、通式为式Ⅰ的化合物的杀虫活性测定
测定方法:采用浸渍法处理叶片,3天后检查结果,轻触虫体,不能正常爬行个体视为死亡,计算其校正死亡率(%)。与对照药Argifin比对,判断药剂毒力大小。部分化合物的杀虫活性数据见表4。
下述供试靶标:
小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella Linnaeus),采自北京市蔬菜田,在室内用十字花科蔬菜叶片饲养,饲养条件为室温(27±1)℃,湿度为80%,光照强度为2000lux,光照时间为每天12h。在室内饲养条件下,用虫龄、体重及生理状况一致的3龄幼虫进行药剂活性筛选试验。
亚洲玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis),采自北京玉米地,在室内用玉米饲养,饲养条件为室温(27±1)℃,湿度为50%,光照强度为2000lux,光照时间为每天12h。在室内饲养条件下,用虫龄、体重及生理状况一致的3龄幼虫进行药剂活性筛选试验。
表4.部分化合物的杀虫活性
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,式Ⅱ与式Ⅲ以及催化剂的摩尔比为1:1:1,所使用的催化剂是氯甲酸乙酯、N,N-碳酰二咪唑(CDI)、二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)、二异丙基碳二亚胺(DIC)、1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺(EDCI)中的任意一种,所使用的溶剂是DMF、二氯甲烷或四氢呋喃中的任意一种。
4.根据权利要求2所示的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,使用的酸是三氟乙酸或者36%的盐酸水溶液;使用的溶剂为二氯甲烷或者乙酸乙酯,酸与溶剂的体积比为2:8-1:1。
5.根据权利要求2所示的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,使用的溶剂为丙酮,使用的碱为三乙胺、DBU、碳酸氢钠或者DMAP中的任意一种,反应物式Ⅵ与式Ⅶ的摩尔比为1:2-1:4。
6.根据权利要求2所示的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,反应溶剂为四氢呋喃、二氧六环、DMF或者二氯甲烷,反应温度为40℃-60℃。
7.根据权利要求2所示的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,使用的溶剂为二氯甲烷,使用的酸为三氟乙酸,其中三氟乙酸与二氯甲烷的体积比为1:10-1:2。
8.根据权利要求1所述的甲基胍基脲衍生物在昆虫几丁质酶抑制剂或防治农业有害生物中的应用。
9.根据权利要求9所述的应用,当用于昆虫几丁质酶抑制剂时,其几丁质酶来源于亚洲玉米螟或沙雷氏菌。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,当用于防治农业有害生物中的应用时,所述的有害生物包括鳞翅目、鞘翅目、直翅目、等翅目、半翅目、膜翅目、双翅目、双翅目、缨翅目、鳞翅目和鞘翅目有害生物;
或,所述有害生物包括线虫,所述线虫包括下述属的线虫:胞囊线虫属、球异皮线虫属、根结线虫属、穿孔线虫属、短体线虫属、小垫刃线虫属、长针线虫属、毛刺线虫属、剑线虫属、茎线虫属、滑刃线虫属和鳗线虫属。
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