CN113754854A - 制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫的方法 - Google Patents
制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113754854A CN113754854A CN202010487179.3A CN202010487179A CN113754854A CN 113754854 A CN113754854 A CN 113754854A CN 202010487179 A CN202010487179 A CN 202010487179A CN 113754854 A CN113754854 A CN 113754854A
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- Prior art keywords
- component
- rigid polyurethane
- polyurethane foam
- mol
- 100pbw
- Prior art date
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- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 6
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- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
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- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 38
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
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- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
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- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)CC(F)(F)F MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
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- BSRRYOGYBQJAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3-hexafluorobutane Chemical compound CC(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F BSRRYOGYBQJAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- -1 alkali metal carboxylate Chemical group 0.000 description 21
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- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 4
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920005903 polyol mixture Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 241001330498 Corsia Species 0.000 description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 3
- NVSXSBBVEDNGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluorobutane Chemical compound CCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F NVSXSBBVEDNGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WZLFPVPRZGTCKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)CC(F)(F)F WZLFPVPRZGTCKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Epoxybutane Chemical compound CCC1CO1 RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940043375 1,5-pentanediol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene oxide Chemical compound C1OC1C1=CC=CC=C1 AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- HIFVAOIJYDXIJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylbenzene;isocyanic acid Chemical class N=C=O.N=C=O.C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HIFVAOIJYDXIJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫的方法,该方法所制得的硬质聚氨酯泡沫及其在聚氨酯复合材料中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫的方法,该方法所制得的硬质聚氨酯泡沫及其在模塑硬质聚氨酯复合材料和隔热材料中的应用。
背景技术
硬质聚氨酯泡沫作为一种成熟的技术产品目前已经被广泛地应用于建筑、交通运输、家电、运动器材等诸多领域。它通常是将异氰酸酯组分(例如PAPI),与含活性氢物质(例如聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、小分子多醇、小分子氨基多醇、小分子多元醇胺等)、表面活性剂、催化剂(例如叔氨、季氨盐、碱金属羧酸盐等)、发泡剂(例如水、戊烷、氢氟烃、乙烯基氢化氯氟烃等),经过混合后通过喷涂、浇注或灌注等工艺方式形成硬质泡沫体。而对于需要进行模塑成型泡沫的应用领域,由于需要兼顾生产效率,脱模时间需要受到控制。因此,通常在限定的熟化脱模时间周期内,硬质泡沫体并没有达到理论的完全熟化程度,并且泡沫体芯部在脱模后的短时间内已让处于较高温度而使芯部泡沫处于近似粘弹状态。如果泡沫体的初始强度低于泡沫芯部的膨胀内压,那么泡沫体就会产生比预期大的多的厚度方向的膨胀(即后期膨胀)。
业界尝试通过延长模塑工艺的脱模时间,以提高泡沫体的熟化程度,从而解决过量的后期膨胀问题。也尝试通过提高活性氢反应组分的平均交联度,例如将用于赋予硬质泡沫体适当柔韧性的长链多元醇替换成高交联度的短链聚醚多元醇,来降低泡沫的后期膨胀,但是这样会牺牲硬质泡沫体的韧性,甚至泡沫体与基材/面材的粘结力。
CN1578797A披露了一种制备刚性聚氨酯泡沫的方法:包括在下列物质存在的条件下将异氰酸酯组分与至少一种多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物,该化合物每分子含有平均至少2个丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯基团,并且每个丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯基团的质量为300道尔顿(dalton)或更低(111)至少一种用于多羟基化合物或水与多异氰酸酯反应的催化剂,并且将该混合物置于足以引起异氰酸酯组分与多羟基化合物组分反应并且多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物聚合的条件下,由此形成刚性聚氨酯泡沫。
CN1178803A披露了一种生产具有改进耐热变形和降低热导率的硬聚氨酯泡沫塑料的方法,该方法由多异氰酸酯与含有可与氰酸酯反应的氢原子的化合物,将环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷加到己糖醇或己糖醇混合物中制备。其中,多元醇混合物中总己糖醇含量基于多元醇混合物为15-30%(重量),以及另一种1多元醇是通过将环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷加成到一种或多种芳族胺上制备,且多元醇混合物中总胺含量为基于多元醇混合物的1-10%(重量)。
CN 103214651 A披露了一种使用高比例的脂肪族二胺作为起始剂的短链聚醚多元醇与芳烃聚酯多元醇以制备聚氨酯硬质泡沫的技术,应用于有耐候且防水需求的建筑户外防水保温。
尽管有以上公开,业界仍需要优化的制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫的方法。
发明内容
本发明的一个方面,是提供一种制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫的方法,由包括如下组分的聚氨酯反应体系反应制得:
组分A,包括:多异氰酸酯;
组分B,包括:
B1)官能度为3.0-8.0、优选3.0-6.0、重均分子量为350-900g/mol,优选400-900g/mol(测试方法参照ISO 14900-2017)的聚醚多元醇,其含量为50-80pbw,优选55-75pbw,基于100pbw的组分B计;
B2)官能度为4.0、重均分子量为550-750g/mol,优选550-700g/mol(测试方法参照ISO 14900-2017)的多元胺起始的羟基封端的聚醚多元醇,其含量为6-15pbw,优选6-12pbw,基于100pbw的组分B计;
B3)官能度为2.0-2.4、重均分子量为300-650g/mol,优选300-600g/mol(测试方法参照ISO 14900-2017)的芳烃聚酯多元醇,其含量为3.0-10.0pbw,优选3.0-9.0pbw,基于100pbw的组分B计;
B4)官能度为2-3、重均分子量为1200-2000g/mol,优选1300-2000g/mol(测试方法参照ISO 14900-2017)聚醚胺。
优选的,所述组分A包括:
A1)官能度≥2的异氰酸酯,优选聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、4,4’-二异氰酸酯-二苯基甲烷、2,4’-二异氰酸酯-二苯基甲烷中的至少之一或他们的预聚体或混合物。
优选的,所述组分B4)的含量为2-10pbw,优选2-7pbw,基于100pbw的组分B计。
优选的,所述组分B还包括:
B5)至少一种叔氨类催化剂,其含量为0.8-2.5pbw,优选0.8-2.2pbw,基于100pbw的组分B计。
B6)基于100pbw的组分B计0.7-2.0pbw,优选0.7-1.8pbw,的水。
优选的,所述组分B还包括:
B7)至少一种物理发泡剂,其含量为8.0-25pbw,优选8.0-22pbw,基于100pbw的组分B计。
B8)至少一种小分子扩链剂,优选二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、二异丙醇胺、三异丙醇胺,所述小分子扩链剂的含量为1-2.4pbw,优选1.2-2.4bw,基于100pbw的组分B计。
优选的,所述组分B还包括:
B9)至少一种有机硅表面活性剂,优选硅油,其含量为1.0-2.5pbw,优选1.2-2.5pbw,基于100pbw的组分B计。
优选的,所述组分B还包括:
优选的,所述组分B还包括:
B10)至少一种有机金属催化剂,其含量为0.1-0.7pbw,优选0.1-0.6pbw,基于100pbw的组分B计。
优选的,所述物理发泡剂选自正戊烷、环戊烷、异戊烷、五氟丙烷HFC-245fa(CF3CH2CHF2)、六氟丁烷HFC-365mfc(CF3CH2CF2CH3)、一氯三氟乙烯LBA(ClCHCHCF3)中的至少之一或者他们的任意混合物。
优选的,所述添加了聚醚胺的聚氨酯反应体系所制得的硬质聚氨酯泡沫比没有添加聚醚胺的聚氨酯反应体系所制得的硬质聚氨酯泡沫的粘结力增加≥15%,优选≥18%。
我们意外的发现,本发明制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫的方法,由包含聚醚胺及与之相适应的异氰酸酯、多元醇等组分的反应体系制得的硬质聚氨酯泡沫,不仅无需使用通常添加的昂贵的长链聚醚多元醇,还获得了物理性质更加优越的硬质聚氨酯泡沫。具体而言,一方面增强了泡沫的粘结力,另一方面很好地控制了泡沫的脱模后膨胀率。节省了成本的同时,还制得了更加令人满意的硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
本发明的再一个方面,是提供一种硬质聚氨酯泡沫,由本发明的制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫的方法制得。
优选的,所述硬质聚氨酯泡沫的芯密度为37-100kg/m3,优选37-70kg/m3(测试方法ISO 291:1997)。
优选的,所述硬质聚氨酯泡沫的粘结力≥29N,优选≥30N(测试方法:拉力计垂直拉拔法,根据粘结界面泡沫黏附状况判断)。
优选的,所述添加了聚醚胺的聚氨酯反应体系所制得的硬质聚氨酯泡沫比没有添加聚醚胺的聚氨酯反应体系所制得的硬质聚氨酯泡沫的粘结力增加≥15%,优选≥18%。
本发明的再一个方面,是提供一种所述硬质聚氨酯泡沫在聚氨酯复合材料中的应用。优选的,所述聚氨酯复合材料为模塑硬质聚氨酯复合材料。
本发明的再一个方面,是提供一种聚氨酯产品,包括本发明所述的硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
优选的,所述聚氨酯产品选自冰箱、冰柜、冷藏箱、保温桶、保温箱和硬质聚氨酯复合材料型材。
具体实施方式
用于本发明的下列术语具有如下释义或解释。
pbw,是指聚氨酯反应体系各组分的质量份数;
官能度,是指根据行业公式:官能度=羟值*分子量/56100测定而得的数值;其中,分子量通过GPC高效液相色谱测定,测试方法参照GB/T 21863-2008。
聚氨酯泡沫反应体系各组分
A)多异氰酸酯
任何有机多异氰酸酯都可用于制备本发明的软质高回弹聚氨酯泡沫,包括芳族、脂族和脂环族多异氰酸酯和它们的组合。所述多异氰酸酯可用通式R(NCO)n表示,其中R表示含2~18个碳原子的脂肪族烃基、含6~15个碳原子的芳烃基、含8~15个碳原子的芳脂族烃基,n=2~4。
可用的多异氰酸酯包括,优选但不限于,乙烯基二异氰酸酯、四亚甲基1,4~二异氰酸酯、己二异氰酸酯(HDI)、十二烷基1,2~二异氰酸酯、环丁烷~1,3~二异氰酸酯、环己烷~1,3~二异氰酸酯、环己烷~1,4~二异氰酸酯、1~异氰酸酯基~3,3,5~三甲基~5~异氰酸酯基甲基环己烷、六氢甲苯~2,4~二异氰酸酯、六氢苯基~1,3~二异氰酸酯、六氢苯基~1,4~二异氰酸酯、全氢化~二苯甲烷2,4~二异氰酸酯、全氢化~二苯甲烷4,4~二异氰酸酯、亚苯基1,3~二异氰酸酯、亚苯基1,4~二异氰酸酯、二苯乙烯1,4~二异氰酸酯、3,3~二甲基4,4~二苯基二异氰酸酯、甲苯~2,4~二异氰酸酯(TDI)、甲苯~2,6~二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯甲烷~2,4’~二异氰酸酯(MDI)、二苯甲烷~2,2’~二异氰酸酯(MDI)、二苯甲烷~4,4’~二异氰酸酯(MDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和/或具有更多环的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯同系物的混合物、多苯基甲烷多异氰酸酯(聚合MDI)、亚萘基~1,5~二异氰酸酯(NDI)、它们的异构体、它们与它们的异构体之间的任意混合物。
可用的多异氰酸酯,还包括用碳化二胺、脲基甲酸酯或异氰酸酯改性所得的异氰酸酯,优选但不限于,二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、碳化二胺改性的二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、它们的异构体、它们与它们的异构体之间的混合物。
当用于本发明时,多异氰酸酯包括异氰酸酯二聚体、三聚体、四聚体或其组合。
在本发明优选的实施例中,异氰酸酯包括:
A1)官能度≥2的异氰酸酯,优选聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、4,4’-二异氰酸酯-二苯基甲烷、2,4’-二异氰酸酯-二苯基甲烷中的至少之一或他们的预聚体或混合物。
B)多元醇
本发明所述多元醇,可为聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇和/或它们的混合物。
本发明的多元醇优选一种或多种聚醚多元醇,其中至少一种聚醚多元醇是以多官能度的小分子醇为起始剂的聚醚多元醇。聚醚多元醇的官能度为2~8,优选3~6,其羟值为20~1200KOH/g,优选20~800mgKOH/g。
所述聚醚多元醇可以通过已知的工艺过程制备。通常是将环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷与以乙二醇、1,2~丙二醇、1,3~丙二醇、二甘醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、三乙醇胺、甲苯二胺、山梨醇、蔗糖,或者它们的任意组合为起始剂进行制备。
此外,所述聚醚多元醇还可以在催化剂的存在下通过将至少一种含有2~4个碳原子的亚烷基的烯烃氧化物与含有2~8个,优选但不限于,3~6个活泼氢原子的化合物或者其它反应性的化合物反应来制备。
所述催化剂的例子有碱金属氢氧化物如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾,或碱金属的醇盐例如甲醇钠、乙醇钠或乙醇钾或异丙醇钾。
可用的烯烃氧化物包括,优选但不限于,四氢呋喃、环氧乙烷、1,2~环氧丙烷、1,2~环氧丁烷、2,3~环氧丁烷、氧化苯乙烯及它们的任意混合物。
可用的含活泼氢原子的化合物包括多羟基化合物,优选但不限于,水、乙二醇、1,2~丙二醇、1,3~丙二醇、二甘醇、三羟甲基丙烷、它们的任意混合物,更优选多元、特别是三元或更多元醇,如丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、山梨醇和蔗糖。可用的含活泼氢原子的化合物还包括,优选但不限于,有机二元羧酸如琥珀酸、己二酸、邻苯二甲酸和对苯二甲酸,或芳族或脂族取代的二胺如乙二胺、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、丙二胺、丁二胺、己二胺或甲苯二胺。
可用的其它反应性化合物包括乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、甲基乙醇胺、乙基乙醇胺、甲基二乙醇胺、乙基二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺和氨。
所述以胺为起始剂制备的聚醚多元醇包括作为起始剂的胺与环氧烷化合物反应所得的化合物。
当用于本发明时,术语“环氧烷化合物”通常是指具有如下通式(I):
其中R1和R2独立地选自H、C1~C6直链和支链烷基以及苯基和取代苯基。
优选的,R1和R2独立地选自H、甲基、乙基、丙基和苯基。
本领域技术人员已知“环氧烷化合物”的制备方法,例如其可以通过烯烃化合物的氧化反应获得。
可用作本发明的环氧烷化合物的实例包括但不限于:环氧乙烷、1,2~环氧丙烷、1,2~环氧丁烷、2,3~环氧丁烷、氧化苯乙烯或它们的混合物,特别优选环氧乙烷与1,2~环氧丙烷的混合物。
当用于本发明时,术语“环氧烷化合物”还包括氧杂环烷烃,其实例包括但不限于:四氢呋喃和氧杂环丁烷。
当用于本发明时,所述“胺”是指含有伯氨基、仲氨基、叔氨基或其组合的化合物。可用作本发明的胺的化合物的实例包括但不限于三乙醇胺、乙二胺、甲苯二胺、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺以及它们的衍生物,优选为乙二胺、甲苯二胺,特别优选甲苯二胺。
所述聚酯多元醇,由二元羧酸或二元羧酸酐与多元醇反应制得。所述的二元羧酸,优选但不限于,含2~12个碳原子的脂肪族羧酸,例如:丁二酸、丙二酸、戊二酸、己二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十二烷基羧酸、顺丁烯二酸、反丁烯二酸、邻苯二甲酸、异酞酸、对苯二酸、它们的混合物。所述的二元酸酐,优选但不限于,邻苯二甲酸酐、四氯苯酐、马来酸酐、它们的混合物。所述的多元醇,优选但不限于,乙二醇、二甘醇、1,2~丙二醇、1,3~丙二醇、二丙二醇、1,3~甲基丙二醇、1,4~丁二醇、1,5~戊二醇、1,6~己二醇、新戊二醇、1,10~癸二醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷或它们的混合物。所述聚酯多元醇,还包括由内酯制备的聚酯多元醇。所述由内酯制备的聚酯多元醇,优选但不限于,由ε~己内酯制备的聚酯多元醇。
所述聚碳酸酯多元醇,优选但不限于,聚碳酸酯二醇。所述的聚碳酸酯二醇,可以由二醇与二烃基或二芳基碳酸酯或光气反应制得。所述的二醇,优选但不限于,1,2~丙二醇、1,3~丙二醇、1,4~丁二醇、1,5~戊二醇、1,6~己二醇、二甘醇、三聚甲醛二醇或它们的混合物。所述的二烃基或二芳基碳酸酯,优选但不限于,二苯基碳酸酯。
优选的,本发明的多元醇包括如下组分的至少之一:
B1)官能度为3.0-8.0、优选3.0-6.0、重均分子量为350-900g/mol,优选400-900g/mol(测试方法参照ISO 14900-2017)的聚醚多元醇,其含量为50-80pbw,优选55-75pbw,基于100pbw的组分B计;
B2)官能度为4.0、重均分子量为550-750g/mol,优选550-700g/mol(测试方法参照ISO 14900-2017)的多元胺起始的羟基封端的聚醚多元醇,其含量为6-15pbw,优选6-12pbw,基于100pbw的组分B计;
B3)官能度为2.0-2.4、重均分子量为300-650g/mol,优选300-600g/mol(测试方法参照ISO 14900-2017)的芳烃聚酯多元醇,其含量为3.0-10.0pbw,优选3.0-9.0pbw,基于100pbw的组分B计。
发泡剂
本发明的发泡剂可以选用各种物理发泡剂和/或化学发泡剂。
可用的发泡剂包括水、卤代烃和烃类化合物等。可用的卤代烃优选五氟丁烷、五氟丙烷、一氯三氟丙烯、六氟丁烯、HCFC~141b(一氟二氯乙烷)、HFC~365mfc(五氟丁烷)、HFC~245fa(五氟丙烷)或其任意混合物。可用的烃类化合物还包括丁烷、戊烷、环戊烷(CP)、己烷、环己烷、庚烷和它们的任意混合物。优选正戊烷、环戊烷、异戊烷、五氟丙烷(HFC-245fa,CF3CH2CHF2)、六氟丁烷(HFC~365mfc,CF3CH2CF2CH3)、一氯三氟乙烯(LBA,ClCHCHCF3)中的至少之一或者他们的任意混合物。
本发明的发泡剂优选包括:基于100pbw的组分B计0.7-2.0pbw,优选0.7-1.8pbw,的水。
优选的,所述组分B还包括:至少一种物理发泡剂,其含量为8.0-25pbw,优选8.0-22pbw,基于100pbw的组分B计。
催化剂
本发明的催化剂优选包括叔胺类催化剂和金属催化剂中的至少之一。所述叔胺类催化剂包括但不限于三乙基胺、三丁基胺、二甲基乙醇胺、双(二甲氨基乙基)醚、三亚乙基二胺、N-乙基吗啉、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基-乙二胺、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、二甲氨基丙基撑二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基二丙烯三胺以及所述胺类催化剂的弱酸改性产物中的一种、两种或两种以上。优选的,所述叔胺类催化剂的含量为0.8-2.5pbw,优选0.8-2.2pbw,基于100pbw的组分B计。
优选的,所述有机金属催化剂选自硫醇烷基锡、巯基乙酸烷基锡、长链烷基锡羧酸盐、环烷酸钴、碱金属羧酸盐或其任意组合。所述有机金属催化剂的含量为0.1-0.7pbw,优选0.1-0.6pbw,基于100pbw的组分B计。
表面活性剂
在本发明的实施例中,本发明的聚氨酯反应体系还包括至少一种表面活性剂,所述表面活性剂优选但不限于,硅氧烷的氧化烯烃共聚合物衍生物。所述表面活性剂的含量为1.0-2.5pbw,优选1.2-2.5pbw,基于100pbw的组分B计。
扩链剂
可用于本发明的扩链剂,选自含羟基或氨基的低分子质量多官能团的醇类或胺类化合物,常用的醇类扩链剂有1,4一丁二醇(BDO)、1,6一己二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、二甘醇(DEG)、三甘醇、新戊二醇(NPG)、山梨醇、二乙氨基乙醇(DEAE)等。本发明的小分子扩链剂,优选二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、二异丙醇胺、三异丙醇胺,所述小分子扩链剂的含量为1-2.4pbw,优选1.2-2.4bw,基于100pbw的组分B计。
本发明的聚氨酯反应体系还包括聚醚胺。聚醚胺(polyether amine)是一类具有柔软聚醚骨架,由伯胺基或仲胺基封端的聚烯烃化合物。其基本结构含有至少一个聚亚烷基二醇官能团,这种官能团是影响其性质的关键。聚亚烷基二醇官能团能提高聚醚胺的水溶性。同时也会影响聚醚胺的熔点以及粘度。具体可包括包括聚氧乙烯二胺、聚氧丙烯二胺、聚氧乙烯/氧丙烯二胺、聚氧丙烯三胺、聚四甲撑醚二胺等。这些化合物大多数是以相应的聚醚多元醇为原料,通过对末端羟基进行化学处理得到。根据端氨基相连的烃基结构不同,聚醚胺又可以分为芳香族和脂肪族两类。在室温下通常为浅黄色或无色透明液体,具有粘度低、蒸气压低和伯胺含量高等优点,能溶于乙醇、脂肪族烃类、芳香族烃类、酯类、乙二醇醚、酮类以及水等溶剂中,是一类主链为聚醚结构,末端活性官能团为胺基的聚合物。聚醚胺是通过聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或者乙二醇/丙二醇共聚物在高温高压下氨化得到的。在工业生产中,聚醚胺通常可以通过氨解法和离去基团法来制备。聚醚胺的合成工艺包括间歇法和连续法两种工艺。业界熟知,Huntsman公司采用的生产工艺为连续的固定床工艺,利用负载在载体上的金属催化剂催化合成聚醚胺。
聚醚胺可以作为环氧树脂的高性能固化剂,用于生产高强度、高韧性的复合材料,以及涂料、饰品和清洁剂等。本领域技术人员熟知,在聚氨酯聚脲弹性体领域,聚醚胺是作为主要原材料参与聚合的。但尚未被用作硬质聚氨酯泡沫发泡体系中的固化剂或扩链剂。
具体而言,本发明的聚氨酯反应体系包括:B4)官能度为2-3、重均分子量为1200-2000g/mol,优选1300-2000g/mol(测试方法参照ISO 14900-2017)的聚醚胺,其含量为2-10pbw,优选2-7pbw,基于100pbw的组分B计。
通过实验,我们意外的发现,本发明的方法简单、高效,由含有聚醚胺及与之相适应的异氰酸酯、多元醇等组分的反应体系制得了物理性质更加优越的硬质聚氨酯泡沫。本发明的方法,一方面增强了所制得的硬质聚氨酯泡沫的粘结力,另一方面很好的控制了硬质聚氨酯泡沫的脱模后膨胀率。
实施例
性能测试方法说明
芯密度,是指在聚氨酯复合板制作过程中所用模具里有过量填充的情况下测试的泡沫中心密度,即模塑泡芯密度;测试方法根据ISO 291:1997;
后期膨胀率:将A、B组分混合后,定量地注入温控的金属方模具内,填充密度50kg/m3,闭合模具。设定的熟化时间7分钟后,打开模具并取出泡沫块,脱模后3分钟时,将泡沫块放置在测厚仪上测量泡沫块中心位置的实时厚度值t。相对于模具厚度100mm的厚度膨胀百分率((t-100)×100%)即为本发明所述的后期膨胀率(post-expansion);
泡沫/基材粘结力:将A、B组分混合后,定量地注入底部设有50mm×50mm的钢板的温控下的金属方模具内,填充密度50kg/m3,闭合模具。在设定的熟化时间7分钟后,打开模具并取出泡沫块。在硬质聚氨酯泡沫脱模2小时后,使用手持式拉力计进行界面拉拔力测量。测量时,用拉力计的拉勾勾住钢板的边缘,拉力方向向上垂直于钢板平面。钢板被拉拔完全剥离于泡沫块的过程中,拉力计的最大显示值记为界面拉拔粘结力,即本发明所述的粘结力。
实施例各项原材料及测试方法说明如下:
原料1-Desmophen4030,蔗糖/二乙二醇复合起始剂的聚醚多元醇,官能度5.8、羟值380mgKOH/g,购自科思创聚合物(中国)有限公司
原料2-DC4110,蔗糖/二乙二醇复合起始剂的聚醚多元醇,官能度4.2、羟值410mgKOH/g,购自宁武化工有限公司
原料3-Desmophen26HK69,甲苯二胺为起始剂的聚醚多元醇,官能度4.0、羟值350mgKOH/个,购自科思创聚合物(中国)有限公司
原料4-CAED-2000,聚醚胺、分子量2000、官能度2.0、羟值56mgKOH/g,购自扬州晨化新材料股份有限公司
原料5-DC-210,丙二醇为起始剂的聚醚多元醇,官能度2.0、羟值112mgKOH/g,购自宁武化工有限公司
原料6-PS-3152,芳烃聚酯多元醇,分子量360、官能度2.0、羟值315mgKOH/g,购自金陵斯泰潘化工有限公司
原料7-三乙醇胺,工业级,购自巴斯夫公司
原料8-PC-8(N,N-二甲基环己胺),购自Air Products公司
原料9-K-15(2-异辛酸钾),购自Air Products公司
原料10-PC-41三-(双-二甲氨基丙基)六氢三嗪,购自Air Products公司
原料11-环戊烷,购自山东西冷化工有限公司
原料12-聚氨酯硬质泡沫表面活性剂AK8830,购自南京美思德化工有限公司
原料13-异氰酸酯Desmodur44V20,购自科思创聚合物(中国)有限公司
硬质聚氨酯泡沫的制备
将如表1所示的异氰酸酯反应性组分B(即组分B)的各组分加入到一干净的容器中,用涡轮式搅拌器将其在1000rpm的转速下搅拌3分钟混合均匀。在设定原料温度约23±2℃下,将异氰酸酯组分A和异氰酸酯反应组分B按照如表1所示的比例称量,通过机械搅拌混合后,将混合物注入温度控制约40℃的金属方模(300mm*300mm*100mm)内,进行反应固化成型得到硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
表1-实施例及对比实施例配比及性能
从上述实验数据可知,添加了聚醚胺的聚氨酯反应体系(实施例1-3)比未添加聚醚胺的聚氨酯反应体系所制得的硬质聚氨酯泡沫的粘结力有较大的提高。特别的,实施例1-3不再添加通常添加的长链聚醚多元醇,却仍然获得了物理性质更加优越的硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
具体而言,可知对比实施例1是一个典型的应用于保温隔热的、有基材保护外层的模塑聚氨酯硬质泡沫系统,通过添加一定量的长链聚醚(原料5),可以保持泡沫具有适当基材粘结力时,还具有可接受的脱模后膨胀;如果为了获得更高的基材粘结力,势必要增加长链聚醚(原料5)的剂量,而此时会使泡沫偏软,并且脱模后期膨胀率劣化;假如减少、甚至不添加长链聚醚(原料5),固然可以获得脱模后期膨胀率低的模塑泡沫,但是,泡沫对于基材的粘结力就会被牺牲,如对比例2所示。而在实施例1-3中,通过添加分子量≤2000的聚醚胺,则可以实现脱模后膨胀与基材粘结力的平衡可控。
虽然本发明已将较佳实施例揭露如上,然其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟习此技艺者,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,当可作各种更动与润饰,因此发明的保护范围应以申请专利的权利要求范围为准。
Claims (15)
1.一种制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫的方法,由包括如下组分的聚氨酯反应体系反应制得:
组分A,包括:多异氰酸酯;
组分B,包括:
B1)官能度为3.0-8.0、优选3.0-6.0,重均分子量为350-900g/mol,优选400-900g/mol(测试方法参照ISO 14900-2017)的聚醚多元醇,其含量为50-80pbw,优选55-75pbw,基于100pbw的组分B计;
B2)官能度为4.0、重均分子量为550-750g/mol,优选550-700g/mol(测试方法参照ISO14900-2017)的多元胺起始的羟基封端的聚醚多元醇,其含量为6-15pbw,优选6-12pbw,基于100pbw的组分B计;
B3)官能度为2.0-2.4、重均分子量为300-650g/mol,优选300-600g/mol(测试方法参照ISO 14900-2017)的芳烃聚酯多元醇,其含量为3.0-10.0pbw,优选3.0-9.0pbw,基于100pbw的组分B计;
B4)官能度为2-3、重均分子量为1200-2000g/mol,优选1300-2000g/mol(测试方法参照ISO 14900-2017)的聚醚胺。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是,所述组分A包括:
A1)官能度≥2的异氰酸酯,优选聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、4,4’-二异氰酸酯-二苯基甲烷、2,4’-二异氰酸酯-二苯基甲烷中的至少之一或他们的预聚体或混合物。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征是,所述B4)聚醚胺的含量为2-10pbw,优选2-7pbw,基于100pbw的组分B计。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征是,所述组分B还包括:
B5)至少一种叔氨类催化剂,其含量为0.8-2.5pbw,优选0.8-2.2pbw,基于100pbw的组分B计。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征是,所述添加了聚醚胺的聚氨酯反应体系所制得的硬质聚氨酯泡沫比没有添加聚醚胺的聚氨酯反应体系所制得的硬质聚氨酯泡沫的粘结力增加≥15%,优选≥18%。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征是,所述组分B还包括:
B6)基于100pbw的组分B计0.7-2.0pbw,优选0.7-1.8pbw,的水。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征是,所述组分B还包括:
B7)至少一种物理发泡剂,其含量为8.0-25pbw,优选8.0-22pbw,基于100pbw的组分B计。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征是,所述物理发泡剂选自正戊烷、环戊烷、异戊烷、五氟丙烷、六氟丁烷和一氯三氟乙烯中的至少之一或者他们的任意混合物。
9.一种硬质聚氨酯泡沫,由权利要求1-8中任一项所述的制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫的方法制得。
10.如权利要求9所述的硬质聚氨酯泡沫,其特征是,所述硬质聚氨酯泡沫的芯密度为37-100kg/m3,优选37-70kg/m3(测试方法ISO 291:1997)。
11.如权利要求9或10所述的硬质聚氨酯泡沫,其特征是,所述添加了聚醚胺的聚氨酯反应体系所制得的硬质聚氨酯泡沫比没有添加聚醚胺的聚氨酯反应体系所制得的硬质聚氨酯泡沫的粘结力增加≥15%,优选≥18%。
12.如权利要求9或10所述的硬质聚氨酯泡沫,其特征是,所述硬质聚氨酯泡沫的粘结力≥29N,优选≥30N。
13.权利要求9-12中任一项所述的硬质聚氨酯泡沫在聚氨酯复合材料中的应用。
14.一种聚氨酯产品,包括权利要求9-12中任一项所述的硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
15.如权利要求14所述的聚氨酯产品,其特征是,所述聚氨酯产品选自冰箱、冰柜、冷藏箱、保温桶、保温箱和硬质聚氨酯复合材料型材。
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DE19639121A1 (de) | 1996-09-24 | 1998-03-26 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyurethan-Hartschaumstoffen |
US6423755B1 (en) * | 2000-02-25 | 2002-07-23 | Essex Specialty Products, Inc | Rigid polyurethane foams |
US6699916B2 (en) | 2001-10-29 | 2004-03-02 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Rigid hybrid polyurethane foams |
CN103214651B (zh) | 2013-04-17 | 2015-04-29 | 北京东方雨虹防水技术股份有限公司 | 一种喷涂硬泡聚氨酯材料及其制备方法 |
US11505670B2 (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2022-11-22 | Covestro Llc | Polyurethane foams co-blown with a mixture of a hydrocarbon and a halogenated olefin |
US10640600B2 (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2020-05-05 | Covestro Llc | Rigid polyurethane foams suitable for use as panel insulation |
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