CN113726700A - 正交时频空间调制信号的迭代二维均衡 - Google Patents

正交时频空间调制信号的迭代二维均衡 Download PDF

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CN113726700A
CN113726700A CN202111020167.0A CN202111020167A CN113726700A CN 113726700 A CN113726700 A CN 113726700A CN 202111020167 A CN202111020167 A CN 202111020167A CN 113726700 A CN113726700 A CN 113726700A
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龙尼·哈达尼
沙哈尔·昆斯
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Abstract

描述了一种可用在正交时频空间(OTFS)调制信号的接收器中的迭代二维均衡器。在该均衡器的一个配置中，前向路径根据接收时频域样本和信道估计来生成数据位的估计以及由时延多普勒域处理生成的与数据位的估计相关联的似然度。在反馈方向上，数据位的估计用来生成时间域中的符号估计和自相关矩阵估计。在另一配置中，软符号映射器用在反馈方向上，以用于直接生成反馈输入符号估计，而不必生成数据位的估计。

Description

正交时频空间调制信号的迭代二维均衡
技术领域
本文件涉及无线通信，并且更具体地，涉及正交时频空间(OTFS)域调制信号的接收器侧处理。
背景技术
由于无线用户装置的数量和这些装置可以产生或消费的无线数据量迅速增长，因此当前的无线通信网络迅速地用尽带宽以适应数据流量的这种高增长并且向用户提供高质量的服务。
电信行业正在做出各种努力以提出能够满足对无线装置和网络的性能的需求的下一代无线技术。
发明内容
本文件公开了用于迭代二维均衡器的接收器侧技术，其中输入的时频域符号串和信道估计在前馈路径中变换成时延多普勒域并且在时延多普勒域中提取数据位。在反馈路径中，使用辛傅里叶变换将数据位估计变换成时频域，以产生用于下一迭代的符号估计。
在一个示例方面，公开一种用于通过执行迭代二维均衡来从接收信号中恢复信息位的无线通信方法。所述方法包括：在迭代均衡器处接收迭代输入，所述迭代输入包括对接收所述接收信号的无线信道的二维估计、接收符号流、来自前一迭代的符号估计、来自前一迭代的输入自相关矩阵估计；根据迭代输入计算接收符号流的维纳估计(Wienerestimate)；使用二维辛傅里叶变换将维纳估计变换成二维时延多普勒网格中的符号估计；估计二维时延多普勒网格中的符号估计的似然度；以及根据似然度生成数据的估计。
在另一示例方面，公开一种用于通过执行迭代二维均衡来从接收信号中恢复信息位的无线通信方法。所述方法包括：在迭代均衡器处接收迭代输入，所述迭代输入包括对接收所述接收信号的无线信道的二维估计、接收符号流、来自前一迭代的符号估计、来自前一迭代的输入自相关矩阵估计；根据迭代输入计算接收符号流的维纳估计；使用二维辛傅里叶变换将维纳估计变换成二维时延多普勒网格中的符号估计；以及通过生成用于下一迭代的符号估计和输入自相关矩阵估计而在反馈方向上进行处理。
本文件中描述这些以及其他特征。
附图说明
本文中描述的附图用来提供进一步理解并且构成本申请的一部分。示例实施例及其描述用来解释本发明的技术而不是限制其范围。
图1示出示例通信网络。
图2示出示例无线通信接收方法的流程图。
图3示出另一示例无线通信接收方法的流程图。
图4示出无线收发器设备的示例。
图5是示出示例2-D迭代均衡器的框图。
图6是示出自迭代2-D均衡器的示例的框图。
具体实施方式
为了使本公开的目的、技术解决方案和优点更明显，下文参考附图详细地描述各种实施例。除非另外指明，否则本文件的实施例和实施例中的特征可以彼此组合。
预期当今的无线技术不能满足无线通信中日益增长的需求。很多行业组织已经开始努力使下一代无线信号互操作性标准标准化。第3代合作伙伴项目(3GPP)作出的第5代(5G)努力就是一个这样的示例，并且在本文中使用以用于说明。然而，所公开的技术可以用于其他无线网络和系统。
章节标题用于本文件，包括附录，以增强描述内容的可读性并且绝不将论述受限于相应的章节。
图1示出可以实施所公开的技术的示例通信网络100。网络100可以包括基站发射器，所述基站发射器向一个或多个接收器102发射无线信号s(t)(下行链路信号)，接收信号表示为r(t)，所述接收器可以位于多种位置，包括在建筑物内部或外部和在移动的车辆中。接收器可以向基站发射上行链路发射，所述基站通常位于无线发射器附近。本文中描述的技术可以在接收器102处或在基站中实施。
2-D均衡器可以用来提取经由OTFS调制在接收的符号上调制的数据位。
1.简介
具有N个发射天线和M个接收天线的系统用来在多路径信道上传递信息。信息位b使用前向纠错(FEC)码(诸如，卷积码、涡轮码或LDPC码)编码成编码位c。这些编码位分组成具有q个位的组，所述位可选地交织并映射到在2-D时延多普勒网格上的网格上多路复用的有限星座Ω(诸如，2q-QAM)中的符号x。这些符号通过2-D辛傅里叶逆变换而变换成在时频平面上的交互网格上多路复用的符号X。这些符号是OFDM调制的并且通过N个天线进行发射。在M个天线中接收的信号是OFDM调制的并且在接收器中被处理成2-D时频网格。
在2-D时频网格中，可以针对每个符号(或时频点)单独地编写信道等式，以(i，j)为索引，如下：
Figure BDA0003241597110000031
其中
Figure BDA0003241597110000032
表示具有期望值零和方差RW的AWGN样本的矢量。2-D均衡器计算来自接收样本Y的发射符号
Figure BDA0003241597110000033
的估计、信道估计H以及噪声方差RW。在非迭代接收器中，所估计的样本经由2-D辛傅里叶变换而变换到时延多普勒域并且随后转换成位似然度，所述位似然度传递到FEC解码器以生成关于信息位的估计
Figure BDA0003241597110000034
2.迭代2-D均衡器
图5是迭代2-D均衡器501的示例实施例的框图。图5所示的2-D迭代均衡器在2-D均衡器503与FEC MAP解码器505之间通过将信息从一者传递到另一者来进行迭代。在若干迭代之后，MAP解码器输出关于信息位的估计。在各种实施例中，迭代终止标准可以是基于总迭代次数、满足但不超过迭代过程的时间预算、在低于阈值的连续迭代方面的改进等等。
2.12-D均衡器的示例实施例(503)
在一些实施例中，2-D均衡器可以被实施为计算X的维纳估计量的仿射MMSE均衡器。
Figure BDA0003241597110000041
其中
Figure BDA0003241597110000042
和I是单位矩阵。应注意，C是RX和RW的函数。对于第一迭代，没有关于X的符号的先前信息，因此设定
Figure BDA0003241597110000043
且RX＝I。2-D均衡器还计算估计误差的方差，表示为RE。
2.22-D SFFT(507)
估计的符号
Figure BDA0003241597110000044
和误差方差RE经由2-D辛傅里叶变换而从2-D时频网格变换到2-D时延多普勒网格，分别变换成
Figure BDA0003241597110000045
和Re。
2.3似然度(509)
根据符号
Figure BDA0003241597110000046
计算编码位
Figure BDA0003241597110000047
的似然度。针对
Figure BDA0003241597110000048
可以假定高斯分布并且可以从中导出似然度。这种情况的概率为
Figure BDA0003241597110000049
其中ω∈Ω是星座符号，并且
Figure BDA00032415971100000410
RZ＝ARe
Figure BDA00032415971100000411
注意，在等式(7)中定义
Figure BDA00032415971100000412
对于每个符号，可以导出外来编码位对数似然比(LLR)，如下：
Figure BDA00032415971100000413
其中i，j＝0，...，q-1，s(ω)是与星座符号ω相关联的星座位标签，并且在等式(6)中定义P(ω)j。
2.4解交织器(511)
解交织器将似然度
Figure BDA00032415971100000414
置换成L(C)。这些似然度将用作MAP解码器的先验信息。在一些实现方式中，这个解交织器可以是可选的。
2.5 MAP解码器(505)
最大后验解码器计算信息位的后验概率(APP)并且也计算编码位的外在概率，当使用LLR时，所述外在概率是APP减去先验输入。
2.6交织器(513)
交织器将似然度LD(C)置换成
Figure BDA0003241597110000051
这些似然度将用作MAP解码器的先验信息。注意，在一些实现方式中，这个交织器可以是可选的。
2.7符号映射器(515)
符号映射器根据似然值
Figure BDA0003241597110000052
估计每个星座符号ω∈Ω的概率。
Figure BDA0003241597110000053
Figure BDA0003241597110000054
这些概率用于计算星座的预期值和方差：
Figure BDA0003241597110000055
Figure BDA0003241597110000056
2.8 2-D SFFT-1(517)
2-D时延多普勒域符号的预期值
Figure BDA0003241597110000057
和方差Rx使用2-D辛傅里叶逆变换以从时延多普勒域变换到时频域而变换成2-D时频域中的
Figure BDA0003241597110000058
和RX。这些用作下一迭代中的2-D均衡器的先前信息。在一些实施例中，由操作507和517使用的2-D变换可以交换。换言之，逆SFFT可以用在操作507中，而SFFT可以用在操作517中。
在一些实施例中，迭代2-D均衡器可以进行操作，以便接收器得到关于时频网格中的已经“被擦除”(例如，未发射或者不可用)的一些资源元素的辅助信息，并且接收器可以忽略它们。接收器可以跳过对这些资源的均衡并且只是直接使用先前的估计作为均衡器的输出。在这种情况下，针对这些资源，等式(2)简单地变成：
Figure BDA0003241597110000059
3.自迭代2-D均衡器(600)
在图6所示的方案600中，2-D均衡器503以与先前章节中描述的方式类似的方式在2-D时延多普勒域中生成符号估计
Figure BDA00032415971100000510
和Re。然而，这些估计直接馈送到软符号映射器615以与2-D辛傅里叶逆变换517一起生成用于2-D均衡器503的新先前信息。在许多次迭代之后，利用如前面描述的终止标准，这些估计转换成编码位似然度并且传递到FEC解码器605以生成信息位的估计。
如图2的流程图所示，一种用于通过执行迭代二维均衡来从接收信号中恢复信息位的无线通信方法200包括：在迭代均衡器处接收(202)迭代输入，所述迭代输入包括对接收所述接收信号的无线信道的二维估计、接收符号流、来自前一迭代的符号估计、来自前一迭代的输入自相关矩阵估计；根据迭代输入计算(204)接收符号流的维纳估计；使用二维辛傅里叶变换将维纳估计变换(206)成二维时延多普勒网格中的符号估计，所述二维辛傅里叶变换可以是快速SFFT或快速SFFT-1；估计(208)二维时延多普勒网格中的符号估计的似然度；以及根据似然度生成(210)数据的估计。在与图5相关联的描述中进一步描述各种实施例和选项。例如，如关于操作507和517所述，在一些实施例中，彼此互逆的二维辛傅里叶变换可以用于这些操作。换言之，507可以对应于SFFT，而517可以对应于逆SFFT，反之亦然。
在一些实施例中，生成估计可以包括将似然度解交织并且执行纠错。如图5中的示例实施例所示，在一些实施例中，反馈方向处理可以包括方法200的生成用于下一迭代的符号估计和输入自相关矩阵估计。在反馈方向上的处理可以包括：使用似然度来执行软符号映射，从而导致中间符号估计和中间自相关估计；以及通过使用二维辛傅里叶变换的逆变换来变换中间符号估计和中间自相关估计而生成符号估计和输入自相关矩阵估计。在各种实施例中，二维辛傅里叶变换可以是SFFT或SFFT-1。
在一些实施例中，实施方法200的接收器可以得到关于时频网格中的已经“被擦除”(未发射或者不可用)的一些资源元素的辅助信息，并且接收器可以忽略它们。接收器随后可以跳过对它们的均衡并且只是直接使用先前的估计作为均衡器的输出。在这种情况下，针对这些资源，等式(2)简单地变成：
Figure BDA0003241597110000061
图3示出所公开的一种用于通过执行迭代二维均衡来从接收信号中恢复信息位的无线通信方法300的流程图示例。方法300包括：在迭代均衡器处接收(302)迭代输入，所述迭代输入包括对接收所述接收信号的无线信道的二维估计、接收符号流、来自前一迭代的符号估计、来自前一迭代的输入自相关矩阵估计；根据迭代输入计算(304)接收符号流的维纳估计；使用二维辛傅里叶变换将维纳估计变换(306)成二维时延多普勒网格中的符号估计；以及通过生成用于下一迭代的符号估计和输入自相关矩阵估计而在反馈方向上进行处理(308)。在与图6相关联的描述中进一步描述各种实施例和选项。
图4示出无线收发器设备500的示例。设备500可以用来实施方法200或300。设备500包括处理器502、存储器504，所述存储器在由处理器执行的计算期间存储处理器可执行指令和数据。设备500包括接收和/或发射电路506，例如，包括用于接收或发射信号的无线电频率操作。
应理解，公开了通过在时延多普勒域中执行迭代2D信道均衡实现的用于无线数据接收的技术。
本文件中描述的所公开的以及其他实施例、模块和功能操作可以在数字电子电路或者计算机软件、固件或硬件中实施，包括本文件中公开的结构和它们的结构等效物或者它们中的一者或多者的组合。所公开的和其他实施例可以被实施为一个或多个计算机程序产品，即，在计算机可读介质上编码的计算机程序指令的一个或多个模块，以便由数据处理设备执行或控制数据处理设备的操作。计算机可读介质可以是机器可读存储装置、机器可读存储基底、存储器装置、影响机器可读传播信号的物质的组成，或者它们中的一者或多者的组合。术语“数据处理设备”涵盖用于处理数据的所有设备、装置和机器，例如，包括可编程处理器、计算机或者多个处理器或计算机。除了硬件之外，设备可以包括为进行中的计算机程序创建执行环境的代码，例如，构成处理器固件、协议栈、数据库管理系统、操作系统或者它们中的一者或多者的组合的代码。传播信号是人工生成的信号，例如，机器生成的电信号、光信号或电磁信号，所述信号被生成以对信息进行编码以便发射到合适的接收器设备。
计算机程序(也被称为程序、软件、软件应用、脚本或代码)可以用任何形式的编程语言编写，包括编译或解释语言，并且它可以按任何形式部署，包括作为独立程序或模块、部件、子例程，或者适用于计算环境的其他单元。计算机程序不必对应于文件系统中的文件。程序可以被存储在保存其他程序或数据的文件的一部分中(例如，存储在标记语言文档中的一个或多个脚本)、存储在专用于进行中的程序的单个文件中，或者存储在多个协调文件中(例如，存储一个或多个模块、子程序或者代码的一些部分的文件)。计算机程序可以被部署在一台计算机上或者在位于一个站点或跨多个站点分布并通过通信网络互连在一起的多台计算机上执行。
本文件中描述的过程和逻辑流程可以由一个或多个可编程处理器执行，所述可编程处理器通过对输入数据进行操作并且生成输出来执行一个或多个计算机程序以执行功能。过程和逻辑流也可以由专用逻辑电路来执行，例如，FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)或ASIC(专用集成电路)，并且设备也可以实施为所述专用逻辑电路。
适用于执行计算机程序的处理器包括例如通用和专用微处理器，以及任何种类的数字计算机的任何一个或多个处理器。一般而言，处理器将从只读存储器或随机存取存储器或这两者接收指令和数据。计算机的必要元件是用于执行指令的处理器和用于存储指令和数据的一个或多个存储器装置。一般而言，计算机也将包括用于存储数据的一个或多个大容量存储装置，或者可操作地耦合以接收来自大容量存储装置的数据或将数据传输到大容量存储装置，大容量存储装置例如是磁盘、磁光盘或光盘。然而，计算机无需具有此类装置。适于存储计算机程序指令和数据的计算机可读介质包括所有形式的非易失性存储器、介质和存储器装置，包括例如半导体存储器装置，例如，EPROM、EEPROM以及闪存装置；磁盘，例如，内部硬盘或可移动盘；磁光盘；以及CD-ROM和DVD-ROM盘。处理器和存储器可以由专用逻辑电路补充或者并入其中。
尽管本专利文件包含很多具体方面，但这些不应被解释为限制所要求保护的发明或可以要求保护的内容的范围，而是描述专用于特定实施例的特征。在本文件中在各实施例的背景下描述的某些特征也可以在单个实施例中组合地实施。相反，在单个实施例的背景下描述的各种特征也可以在多个实施例中分别实施或者在任何合适的子组合中实施。此外，尽管特征可以在上文描述为在某些组合中起作用并且甚至如最初要求保护的那样，但在一些情况下，所要求保护的组合中的一个或多个特征可以从组合中删除，并且所要求保护的组合可以指向子组合或子组合的变化。类似地，虽然在附图中按特定顺序描绘操作，但这不应被理解为要求此类操作以所示出的特定顺序或按先后顺序执行，或者执行所有示出的操作才能实现期望的结果。
仅公开一些示例和实施方式。基于公开的内容，可以作出对所描述的示例和实施方式以及其他实施方式的变化、更改和改进。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于通过执行迭代均衡来从接收信号中恢复信息位的无线通信方法，其包括：
在迭代均衡器处接收迭代输入，所述迭代输入包括对接收所述接收信号的无线信道的二维估计、接收符号流以及来自前一迭代的至少一个符号估计；
基于所述迭代输入对所述接收符号流执行仿射最小均方误差MMSE均衡操作，以生成第一估计符号流；
使用二维辛傅里叶变换将所述第一估计符号流从二维时频网格变换成二维时延多普勒网格中的第二估计符号流；以及
基于所述二维时延多普勒网格中的所述第二估计符号流生成所述信息位的估计。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述迭代输入还包括来自所述前一迭代的输入自相关矩阵估计。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
生成所述第二估计符号流的多个似然度。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，所述多个似然度是基于所述第二估计符号流的估计误差的方差。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，生成所述信息位的估计包括：
将所述多个似然度解交织；以及
对所述解交织的输出执行前向纠错FEC操作。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中，所述FEC操作是基于卷积码、turbo码或低密度奇偶校验LDPC码。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述二维辛傅里叶变换是辛快速傅里叶变换SFFT。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，由所述迭代均衡器执行的迭代次数是基于总迭代次数、从接收信号中恢复信息位的时间预算、或连续迭代中的改进与阈值的比较。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述仿射MMSE均衡操作还基于与所述二维时频网格中的至少一个不可用资源元素相关联的辅助信息。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中，所述至少一个不可用资源元素包括未发射的资源元素。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述第一估计符号流中的每个符号对应于所述接收符号流中的对应符号的维纳估计。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述接收符号流中的每个符号选自2q-正交调幅QAM星座，其中，q是非负整数。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，所述接收符号流是使用正交频分复用OFDM调制来调制的。
14.一种计算机可读的存储介质，其上存储有代码，所述代码在被执行时使处理器执行如权利要求1至13中的任一项所述的方法。
15.一种无线通信设备，包括处理器和存储指令的存储器，所述指令在被所述处理器执行时使所述处理器执行如权利要求1至13中的任一项所述的方法。
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