CN113713036A - 地奥心血康治疗酒精性肝病的用途 - Google Patents
地奥心血康治疗酒精性肝病的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了地奥心血康的新用途,具体的是在制备治疗酒精性肝病的药物中的用途。本发明还提供了一种治疗酒精性肝病的药剂。本发明发现地奥心血康能改善酒精性肝病大鼠血脂异常,降低转氨酶、肝脂质沉积和肝指数,明显改善肝脏脂质变性和炎症。还可改善油酸联合乙醇诱导的HepG2细胞脂质代谢紊乱,改善肝功能。对酒精性脂肪肝病患者,能明显减轻脂肪肝病变程度,改善脂肪肝患者的肝功能。本发明为酒精性肝病患者的临床治疗提供了一种新的、疗效突出的用药选择,具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药技术领域,具体涉及地奥心血康在制备用于治疗酒精性肝病药物中的应用。
背景技术
酒精性肝病(alcoholic liver disease,ALD)是由于长期大量饮酒导致的肝脏疾病。初期通常表现为脂肪肝,进而可发展成酒精性肝炎、肝纤维化和肝硬化。部分嗜酒者或饮酒过量者会出现酒精相关健康问题,其中ALD是酒精所致的最常见的脏器损害。ALD已成为我国最主要的慢性肝病之一。
ALD患者有长期饮酒史,一般超过5年,临床症状为非特异性,可无症状,或有右上腹胀痛、食欲不振、乏力、体质量减轻、黄疸等;随着病情加重,可有神经精神症状、蜘蛛痣、肝掌等表现。血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)、总胆红素(TBil)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、平均红细胞容积(MCV)和缺糖转铁蛋白(CDT)等指标升高。其中AST/ALT>2、GGT升高、MCV升高、CDT升高为ALD的特点。禁酒后这些指标可明显下降,通常4周内基本恢复正常(但GGT恢复至正常较慢)有助于诊断。影像学检查有典型表现,超声是目前最常用的酒精性脂肪肝诊断方法,可作为首选。
ALD病理学改变主要为大泡性或大泡性为主伴小泡性的混合性肝细胞脂肪变性。依据病变肝组织是否伴有炎症反应和纤维化,可分为单纯性脂肪肝、酒精性肝炎、肝纤维化和肝硬化。
药物治疗:(1)糖皮质激素可改善重症酒精性肝炎患者28d的生存率,但对90d及半年生存率改善效果不明显。(2)美他多辛可加速酒精从血清中清除,有助于改善酒精中毒症状、酒精依赖以及行为异常,从而提高生存率。(3)S-腺苷蛋氨酸治疗可以改善ALD患者的临床症状和血清生物化学指标。多烯磷脂酰胆碱对ALD患者可防止组织学恶化的趋势。甘草酸制剂、水飞蓟素类和还原型谷胱甘肽等药物有不同程度的抗氧化、抗炎、保护肝细胞膜及细胞器等作用,临床应用可改善肝脏生物化学指标。双环醇治疗也可改善酒精性肝损伤。但不宜同时应用多种抗炎保肝药物,以免加重肝脏负担及因药物间相互作用而引起不良反应。(4)ALD患者肝脏常伴有肝纤维化的病理学改变,故应重视抗肝纤维化治疗。【中华医学会肝病学分会脂肪肝和酒精性肝病学组,中国医师协会脂肪性肝病专家委员会.酒精性肝病防治指南(2018更新版)[J].中华肝脏病杂志,2018;26(3):188-194.】。
近年来运用中药治疗ALD成为研究的一大热点,甜菜碱能增加S-腺苷蛋氨酸,使肝细胞S-腺苷蛋氨酸正常化。红参含有丰富的人参皂苷,通过抑制脂肪生成途径和在饮酒的小鼠中的AMPK-SIRT1活化,显示改善慢性酒精诱导的组织病理变化和肝TG含量。小柴胡丹及丹参等,可通过解酒舒肝、促进血液循环等改善ALD的病理变化【刘国涛,等.酒精性肝病研究进展[J].世界华人消化杂志,2017;25(15):1382-1388】。改变肠道微生物群被认为是治疗ALD的新方法。通过使用益生菌、益生元、抗生素或粪便微生物群移植重建微生物的平衡可以有效地防止可能由肠道微生物群的ALD相关变化引起的细菌移位和有害的炎症反应,并且可以预防疾病进展到严重阶段,如肝硬化、纤维化或肝细胞癌。
地奥心血康为薯蓣科植物黄山药Dioscorea panthaica Prain et Burk或穿龙薯蓣Dioscorea nipponica Makino的根茎提取物。《中华人民共和国药典》2015版(一部)公开了地奥心血康的质量标准。本品为浅黄色至棕黄色粉末,在甲醇或热乙醇中溶解,在水中略溶,在乙醚中不溶。本品按干燥品计算,含甾体总皂苷以甾体总皂苷元计,不得少于35.0%。本品按干燥品计算,含伪原薯蓣皂苷(C51H82O21)计,不得少于15.0%。同时公开了以地奥心血康为主要成分的地奥心血康胶囊在预防和治疗冠心病、心绞痛以及淤血内阻之胸痹、眩晕、气短、心悸、胸闷或痛中的用途【国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典:2015年版一部[S].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:820-821】。
中国发明专利ZL01118319.5公开了一种治疗冠心病的中药组合物及其制备方法;CN101108230B公开了地奥心血康缓释制剂及其制备方法和用途;ZL02128119.X公开了螺甾烷醇类甾体皂苷在制备用于治疗心血管疾病药物中的用途;ZL200610064577.4公开了地奥心血康软胶囊及其制备方法和制药用途;CN101244066.B公并了甾体总皂苷提取物的新用药,具体的是在制备治疗心脏神经官能症的药物中的用途;中国发明专利201711270306.9公开了黄山药或穿龙薯蓣甾体总皂苷提取物在制备促进胆固醇逆转运药物中的用途。但迄今为止尚未发现地奥心血康用于治疗ALD的新用途。
发明内容
本发明人在研究地奥心血康防治大鼠动脉粥样硬化的作用【章维志,等.地奥心血康对动脉粥样硬化大鼠TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路的调节作用[J].中国中药杂志,2020,45(03): 602-608.】中意外地发现地奥心血康对大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝病有非常好的疗效,进一步观察地奥心血康对高脂饲料诱导的大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝和小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝炎均具有非常好治疗作用,在大鼠模型上观察到地奥心血康对ALD具有非常好的防治作用。进而在酒精性脂肪肝患者进行评估,结果同样具有非常好的疗效。
本发明提供了地奥心血康在制备预防和/或治疗酒精性肝病的药物中的用途。
如上所述的地奥心血康为薯蓣科植物黄山药Dioscorea panthaica Prain etBurk或穿龙薯蓣Dioscorea nipponica Makino的根茎提取物。
本发明提供的地奥心血康可以直接是地奥心血康胶囊的原料药地奥心血康【载于中华人民共和国药典:2015年版一部[S】.北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:820-821】,也可以是通过文献(例如ZL200580033335.2,CN20041004771.X,CN101244066 B,发明专利201711270306.9等)记载的方法从中药黄山药根茎或穿龙薯蓣的根茎提取。
如上所述的地奥心血康按干燥品计算,含甾体总皂苷以甾体总皂苷元计,不得少于 35.0%。
如上所述的地奥心血康按干燥品计算,含伪原薯蓣皂苷计,不得少于15.0%。
如上所述的地奥心血康的制备方法为:将中药穿龙薯蓣的干燥根茎粉碎,加入75%乙醇回流提取,滤过,回收乙醇,加水,冷藏后离心,上清液过HPD300大孔吸附树脂柱,先用水洗,然后用70%乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,减压浓缩至浸膏,即得地奥心血康。
如上所述的地奥心血康的制备方法为:将中药黄山药的干燥根茎粉碎,加入95%乙醇回流提取,滤过,回收乙醇,加水,冷藏后离心,上清液过大孔吸附树脂柱HPD100/LD140=7∶3(W/W),先用水洗,然后用70%乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,减压浓缩至浸膏,即得地奥心血康。
如上所述药物为口服制剂。
如上所述药物为胶囊剂、片剂、颗粒剂、散剂、缓释剂、控释剂、速释剂、丸剂或滴丸剂。
本发明还提供了地奥心血康在制备预防和/或治疗肝脏肿大、预防和/或治疗酒精性肝脏脂肪变性、预防和/或治疗酒精性脂肪性肝炎的药物中的用途。
本发明还提供了一种预防和/或治疗酒精性肝病的药剂,由有效量的地奥心血康,加上药学上可接受的辅料或辅助性成分制备而成。
如上所述的地奥心血康为薯蓣科植物黄山药Dioscorea panthaica PrainetBurk或穿龙薯蓣Dioscorea nipponica Makino的根茎提取物。所述的地奥心血康按干燥品计算,含甾体总皂苷以甾体总皂苷元计,不得少于35.0%。所述的地奥心血康按干燥品计算,含伪原薯蓣皂苷 (C51H82O21)计,不得少于15.0%。
所述药剂用于预防和/或治疗酒精性肝病、预防和/或治疗肝脏肿大、预防和/或治疗酒精性肝脏脂肪变性、预防和/或治疗酒精性脂肪性肝炎。
本发明人经过实验研究,首次发现地奥心血康具有显著地治疗ALD的作用,能明显改善ALD肝功能和脂质沉积,减轻脂肪变性及炎症反应,为ALD的临床治疗提供了一种新的、疗效突出的用药选择,具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。
附图说明
图1地奥心血康对酒精性肝病大鼠肝脏大体形态和肝脏组织病理学的影响
(HE染色,400×,油红O染色,400×)
A:正常组肝脏;B:模型组肝脏;C:100mg/kg美他多辛组肝脏;D:100mg/kg地奥心血康组肝脏;E:
30mg/kg地奥心血康组肝脏;F:10mg/kg地奥心血康组肝脏;
A1:正常组肝脏组织HE染色;B1:模型组肝脏组织HE染色;C1:100mg/kg美他多辛组肝脏组织HE染色;
D1:100mg/kg地奥心血康组肝脏组织HE染色;E1:30mg/kg地奥心血康组肝脏组织HE染色;F1:10mg/kg 地奥心血康组肝脏组织HE染色;
A2:正常组肝脏组织油红O染色;B2:模型组肝脏组织油红O染色;C2:100mg/kg美他多辛组肝脏组织油红O染色;D2:100mg/kg地奥心血康组肝脏组织油红O染色;E2:30mg/kg地奥心血康组肝脏组织油红O 染色:F2:10mg/kg地奥心血康组肝脏组织油红O染色.
图2地奥心血康对油酸和乙醇联合刺激HepG2细胞脂质蓄积的影响
(油红O染色,×200)
A:正常组;B:模型组;C:10μg/mL美他多辛组;D:30μg/mL地奥心血康组;E:10μg/mL地奥心血康组;F: 3μg/mL地奥心血康组.
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述发明内容做进一步详细说明,但不应理解为本发明的发明内容仅限于以下实施例,凡是基于本发明上述内容所做出的发明均属于本发明的范围。
具体实施例
实施例1地奥心血康的制备及含量测定
称取中药穿龙薯蓣的干燥根茎10kg,粉碎,加入8倍体积量的75%乙醇回流提取3次,第一次3小时,第二、三次各2小时,滤过,合并提取液,回收乙醇,加水至2g生药/mL,冷藏24小时,离心,上清液过HPD300大孔吸附树脂柱,先用水洗,然后用70%乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,回收乙醇,减压浓缩至浸膏,真空干燥,即得地奥心血康。
甾体总皂苷含量测定:取本品约0.3g,精密称定,置150mL圆底烧瓶中,加硫酸40%乙醇溶液(取硫酸60mL,缓缓注入适量的40%乙醇溶液中,放冷,加40%乙醇至1000mL,摇匀)50mL,置沸水浴中回流5小时,放冷,加水100mL,摇匀,用105℃干燥至恒重的4号垂熔玻璃坩埚滤过,沉淀用水洗涤至滤液不显酸性,在105℃干燥至恒重,计算,即得。本品按干燥品计算,含甾体总皂苷以甾体总皂苷元计40.3%。
伪原薯蓣皂苷含量测定:按照高效液相色谱法(中国药典通则0512)测定。色谱条件与系统适用性试验:以辛烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂;以乙腈-水(30:70)为流动相;检测波长为 210nm。理论板数按伪原薯蓣皂苷峰计算应不低于3000。对照品溶液的制备:取伪原薯蓣皂苷对照品适量,加75%乙醇制成每1mL含0.3mg的溶液,即得。供试品溶液的制备:取本品约0.2g,精密称定,置100mL量瓶中,加75%乙醇70mL,超声处理(功率250W,频率59kHz)10 分钟,放冷,加75%乙醇至刻度,摇匀,滤过,取续滤液,即得。测定法:分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μL,注入液相色谱仪,测定,即得。本品按干燥品计算,含伪原薯蓣皂苷(C51H82O21)16.8%。
实施例2地奥心血康的制备及含量测定
称取中药黄山药的干燥根茎10kg,粉碎,加入10倍体积量的95%乙醇回流提取3次,第一次3小时,第二、三次各2小时,滤过,合并提取液,回收乙醇,加水至2g生药/mL,冷藏24小时,离心,上清液过大孔吸附树脂柱(HPD100/LD140=7∶3(W/W),先用水洗,然后用70%乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,回收乙醇,减压浓缩至浸膏,真空干燥,即得地奥心血康。
按照实施例1方法测定甾体总皂苷含量,本品按干燥品计算,含甾体总皂苷以甾体总皂苷元计46.2%。按照实施例1方法测定伪原薯蓣皂苷量,本品按干燥品计算,含伪原薯蓣皂苷(C51H82O21)18.4%。
实施例3地奥心血康100mg制剂
(1)片剂:取地奥心血康100g、微晶纤维素40g、淀粉40g,混合均匀,加乙醇适量制成颗粒,加入硬脂酸镁2g或微粉硅胶2g,混合均匀,压制成1000片,包薄膜衣,即得。本品每片含甾体总皂苷以甾体总皂苷元计,不得少于35mg,每片含伪薯蓣皂苷元(C51H82O21)不得少于15.0mg。
(2)胶囊剂:取地奥心血康100g、微晶纤维素40g、淀粉40g,混合均匀,加乙醇适量制成颗粒,加入硬脂酸镁2g或微粉硅胶2g,装入胶囊,制成1000粒,即得。本品每粒含甾体总皂苷以甾体总皂苷元计,不得少于35mg,每粒含伪薯蓣皂苷元(C51H82O21)不得少于15.0mg。
(3)颗粒剂:取地奥心血康50g、糊精300g、蔗糖粉640g,混合均匀,加乙醇适量制成颗粒,制成1000g,包装,每袋装2g,即得。本品每袋含甾体总皂苷以甾体总皂苷元计,不得少于35mg,每袋含伪薯蓣皂苷元(C51H82O21)不得少于15.0mg。
(4)软胶囊剂:取地奥心血康100g、大豆色拉油280g、蜂蜡3g,将大豆色拉油加热至85℃左右,加入蜂蜡使熔化,搅拌使混合均匀;待温度降至25~35℃时,将微粉化的地奥心血康加至混合溶液中,搅拌均匀使降至室温,过胶体磨,放置使脱气,旋转模压法压制成1000 粒,即得。本品每粒含甾体总皂苷以甾体总皂苷元计,不得少于35mg,每粒含伪薯蓣皂苷元(C51H182O21)不得少于15.0mg。
实施例4地奥心血康对大鼠ALD的治疗作用
采用实施例3制备的地奥心血康胶囊作为实验药物进行实验。
ALD是由于长期大量饮酒导致的肝脏疾病,高脂肪饮食可促使ALD的进展。ALD患者常伴有转氨酶升高,肝细胞脂肪变性和脂肪贮积,故本实施例除了测定大鼠血脂水平外,同时还检测血清转氨酶、肝指数、肝组织TC、TG含量及肝脏组织病理学变化。
100只8周龄雄性SD大鼠,体质量180g±20g,适应性饲养1周后随机分为正常组(n=10)和造模组(n=90)。隔日饲养高脂饲料。高脂饲料配方为93%基础饲料+1%猪油+2%胆固醇+4%蛋黄粉。第1周给予30%酒精(1.0mL/100g·d)灌胃,每天1次,第2周给予35%酒精(1.0mL/100g·d) 灌胃,每天1次,第3周至实验结束给予40%酒精(1.0mL/100g·d)灌胃,每天1次【沈菲.葛黄颗粒对酒精性肝病模型大鼠的防治作用及其机制研究[D].西南医科大学,2016】。后维持此浓度继续喂养,共12周。8周后从造模组随机抽取4只大鼠,分离肝脏,制成石蜡切片,HE 染色,镜下观察肝脏组织病理学,结果4只大鼠5个以上视野肝脏脂肪变面积均超过1/3,并且出现炎症反应,提示ALD大鼠模型复制成功。将成模大鼠随机分为模型组、地奥心血康高、中、低剂量组(100、30、10mg/kg·d)组及美他多辛组(100mg/kg·d),n=15,以上5组继续造模,上午灌胃40%酒精,2~3h后灌胃给药,正常组和模型组给予等容量溶媒。连续给药4 周。
末次给药后,大鼠禁食不禁水12h,用1%戊巴比妥钠进行麻醉,按照文献方法【梁杨. 葛黄颗粒对酒精性肝病模型大鼠的药效学研究[D].西南医科大学,2017.中华医学会肝病学分会脂肪肝和酒精性肝病学组,中国医师协会脂肪性肝病专家委员会.酒精性肝病防治指南 (2018更新版)[J].中华肝脏病杂志,2018;26(3):188-194.】进行以下指标检测及病理学观察:(1) 血清TG、TC含量;(2)血清AST、ALT、GGT;(3)肝组织TC、TG含量;(4)肝脏指数;(5)肝脏大体观察与肝组织病理变化及评分:光学显微镜下观察各组大鼠肝组织病理切片中肝细胞脂肪变及小叶内炎症,每张切片于光镜下观察,根据上述文献方法对大鼠肝脏脂肪变性进行评分,0分:脂肪变性<5%,1分:脂肪变性5%-33%,2分:脂肪变性>33%-66%,3分:脂肪变性>66%。炎症程度分为4级(G0~4):G0:无炎症;G1:腺泡3带呈现少数气球样肝细胞,腺泡内散在个别点灶状坏死和中央静脉周围炎;G2:腺泡3带明显气球样肝细胞,腺泡内点灶状坏死增多,出现Mallory小体,门管区轻至中度炎症;G3:腺泡3带广泛的气球样肝细胞,腺泡内点灶状坏死明显,出现Mallory小体和凋亡小体,门管区中度炎症伴和(或)门管区周围炎症;G4:融合性坏死和(或)桥接坏死。气球样变分为3级(G0~G2),G0无气球样变,G1镜下少见,G2镜下多见。
结果:
(1)大鼠一般状态及死亡情况
正常组大鼠皮毛光泽,动作灵活,饮食与大便均正常。模型组大鼠毛色晦暗无泽,体重增长缓慢,饮食减少,与正常组相比差异有显著性。各给药组大鼠体重有一定程度的恢复,毛色和活动度明显改善,以美他多辛组最明显。
大鼠死亡情况:至实验结束,正常组死亡1只,模型组6只,美他多辛组2只,地奥心血康高、中、低剂量组分为3只、3只、4只。死亡原因主要是前期灌胃操作不当及后期酒精中毒。每组剩余大鼠数均≥9只,符合最初估计样本量要求(n≥8)。
(2)地奥心血康对ALD大鼠血脂和转氨酶的影响
与正常组比较,模型组大鼠血清TC、TG和ALT、AST、GGT水平显著升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,地奥心血康高、中剂量组和美他多辛组TC、TG和ALT、AST、GGT水平降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。表明地奥心血康可改善ALD大鼠改善脂质代谢紊乱,改善肝功能。见表1。
注:正常组和模型组n=9,其它组=10,与正常组比较,##P<0.01;与模型组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01
(3)地奥心血康对ALD大鼠肝组织TC、TG含量及肝指数的影响
与正常组相比,模型在大鼠肝组织TG、TC含量、肝脏指数显著升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,地奥心血康高、中剂量组和美他多辛组大鼠肝组织TC、TG水平、肝脏指数显著降低(P<0.01)。提示地奥心血康可明显改善ALD大鼠肝脏脂质沉积,减轻肝脏脂肪变性。见表2。
(4)地奥心血康对ALD大鼠肝脏大体形态与病理组织学变化的影响
大鼠肝脏大体形态的影响:正常组大鼠肝脏形态大小正常,呈红褐色,被膜光滑,质软柔韧,边缘薄而锐利,切面无油腻感,表面颗粒细小;模型组大鼠肝脏肿胀明显,呈淡黄色或土黄色,被膜紧张,质地偏硬脆,边缘厚而圆钝,切面有明显油腻感,表面颗粒粗糙;各药物干预组大鼠肝脏在体积、色泽、被膜、质地、边缘及切面等方面较模型组均有不同程度的改善。见图1。
注:与正常组比较,##P<0.01;与模型组比较,**P<0.01
对大鼠肝脏组织病理学影响:正常组大鼠肝细胞着色均匀,形态正常无肿大,结构清晰、排列规整,肝细胞未见明显脂肪变性和坏死。造模12周后,模型组大鼠肝细胞呈椭圆形,肿大明显,结构缺损,边界不清,细胞排列层次紊乱,肝细胞内可见大小不一的弥漫性脂肪空泡,少数细胞核被脂肪空泡挤压至一侧,伴有明显的炎症细胞浸润。地奥心血康高剂量组和美他多辛组大鼠肝细胞组织形态及结构较模型组改善明显,肝细胞排列较整齐,仅少数肝细胞出现大小不一的圆形空泡,呈轻度肿大。地奥心血康中、低剂量组肝细胞结构和组织形态较模型组有所改善,但肝细胞仍存在肿大,肝细胞内可见脂肪空泡,伴少量炎症细胞浸润和气球样变性。见图1。模型组肝脏病变评分明显高于正常组,地奥心血康高各剂量组和美他多辛组肝脏病变评分均显著降低(P<0.01),表明地奥心血康可显著改善大鼠ALD。见表3。
表3地奥心血康对ALD大鼠肝组织脂肪变性、炎症及肝细胞气球样变评分
注:与正常组比较,##P<0.01;与模型组比较,**P<0.01
对大鼠肝脏组织油红O染色的影响:与正常组相比,模型组出现严重的脂质蓄积,红色即代表脂滴,地奥心血康各剂量组和美他多辛组肝脏中的脂质蓄积不同程度的减少,病变程度明显改善。见图1。应用Image J图像分析软件测定染色面积和肝脏总面积,计算脂质蓄积面积与肝脏总面积比值。见表4。
注:与正常组比较,##P<0.01;与模型组比较,**P<0.01
小结:用梯度酒精灌胃+高脂饲料饲喂12周,可以成功复制大鼠ALD模型,表现为脂质代谢紊乱、转氨酶升高、肝脏肿大、脂质沉积,肝脏出现明显的脂肪变性和炎症反应。地奥心血康和美他多辛可以显著改善上述病变,表明地奥心血康可以治疗ALD。
实施例5地奥心血康对油酸-乙醇诱导的HepG2细胞脂肪变模型的改善作用
取对数生长期HepG2细胞接种于6孔板,分别给予不同浓度地奥心血康(3、10、30μg/mL) 和美他多辛(10μg/mL),正常组和模型组加入等量的培养基补齐,24h后除正常组外,其余各组均加入油酸(100μmol/L)和乙醇(100mmol/L)共刺激,于37℃、5%CO2培养箱共孵育24h,收集细胞沉淀。行以下指标检测:(1)油红O染色观察细胞脂质蓄积情况;(2)细胞内TC、TG、 ALT和AST水平。
结果:
(1)地奥心血康改善油酸-乙醇诱导的HepG2细胞脂肪变性
油红O染色结果表明,油酸-乙醇联合刺激24h后,HepG2细胞内出现大量的红色脂滴聚集,环绕细胞膜一周呈圆形分布。地奥心血康不同浓度组和美他多辛组可减轻细胞脂质蓄积(P<0.05,P<0.01)。见图2,表5。
注:与正常组比较,##P<0.01;与模型组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01
(2)地奥心血康对油酸-乙醇诱导HepG2细胞胞内脂质和转氨酶的影响
与正常组比较,模型组细胞内TC、TG、ALT和AST水平显著升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,地奥心血康各浓度组细胞内TC、TG、ALT和AST水平显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。表明地奥心血康可在细胞水平改善脂质代谢,降低ALT、AST水平,改善肝功能。见表6。
与正常组比较,##P<0.01;与模型组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01
小结:采用油酸(100μmol/L)和乙醇(100mmol/L)联合诱导HepG2细胞24h可成功复制体外ALD模型,表现为脂质蓄积、TC、TG、AST、ALT升高。地奥心血康和美他多辛可以显著改善上述病变,表明地奥心血康在体外实验中可以治疗改善ALD。
实施例7地奥心血康对动脉粥样硬化伴酒精性脂肪肝患者的疗效和安全性临床试验
入选标准:受试者满足如下所有标准,并无排除标准所规定的任一项者可被入选。
(1)年龄在40~75岁的患者;
(2)经X线、多普勒超声、CT血管造影、磁共振显像血管造影任一项诊断为动脉粥样硬化;
(3)超声检查明确有中度-重度脂肪肝;
(4)有长期饮酒史(≥5年),折合乙醇量男性≥40g/d,女性≥20g/d;
(5)肝功能正常或者肝功能(ALT、AST、GGT、TBIL、DBIL)检查任何一项不高于正常值上限的2倍;
(6)自愿参加并签署知情同意书。
排除标准:排除符合以下任一项者。
(1)妊娠和哺乳期妇女;
(2)对药物中成分有过敏史者;
(3)有明确过敏体质者;
(4)服药依从性差者;
(5)已知患严重的内科疾病:脑卒中、心肌梗死、心力衰竭、心脑肾血运重建术后及其他大动脉支架置入术后、正在接受透析,或医师诊断为慢性肾病4-5期,或估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)<30mL/min/1.73m2、已知患有先天(如主动脉狭窄)或后天性器质性心脏病、胃大部切除并胃空肠吻合术后、既往存在医师诊断明确的肺源性心脏病和/或慢性阻塞性肺病者、恶性肿瘤等其它严重疾病患者、双侧颈动脉狭窄程度≥75%患者、既往诊断有各种类型的病毒性肝炎而且当前仍处于活动期、入组前肝功能检查异常(ALT、AST、GGT、TBIL、DBIL中有一项高于正常值的2倍);
(6)基因3型HCV感染、自身免疫性肝炎、肝豆状核变性等可导致脂肪肝的特定肝病;
(7)药物(他莫昔芬、乙胺碘呋酮、丙戊酸钠、甲氨蝶呤、糖皮质激素等)、全胃肠外营养、炎症性肠病、乳糜泻、甲状腺功能减退症、库欣综合征、β-脂蛋白缺乏血症、脂质萎缩性糖尿病、Mauriac综合征等导致脂肪肝的特殊情况;
(8)根据研究者的判断,有可能影响对药物疗效或不良事件的观察和评价,不适合参加者;
(9)既往服用地奥心血康胶囊或美他多辛胶囊出现明显不能耐受的不良反应者;
(10)不愿参加,不愿或不能更改已有服药方案者。
将合格受试者随机分为3组,每组50例,在生活方式干预的基础上,A组给予地奥心血康胶囊(成都地奥制药集团有限公司),每次2粒,每日3次;B组给予美他多辛胶囊(欣立得,浙江震元制药有限公司),2粒/次,每日2次;C组给予安慰剂胶囊,每次2粒,每日3次。于第6个月末检查肝功能和肝脏超声,以肝功能(ALT、AST、GGT、TBIL、DBIL)改善率【上述指标恢复正常,或者下降幅度>25%且其他指标不升高或者升高幅度小于10%】及脂肪肝改善率【超声检查:脂肪肝恢复正常,或者由中度变为轻度,或者由重度变为轻度或中度】为评价指标。安全性指标包括:血、尿常规,心电图,肝肾功能,不良事件。
采用SPSS 23.0进行统计学分析,组间比较采用卡方检验,P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
结果:经过生活方式干预,安慰剂组患者肝功能和脂肪肝均有一定程度改善,与安慰剂相比,地奥心血康胶囊和美他多辛胶囊组患者肝功能和脂肪肝改善率均明显提高,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。而不良事件发生率三组之间未见显著性差异(P>0.05)。见表7。
表7地奥心血康对动脉粥样硬化伴酒精性脂肪肝患者的疗效和安全性临床试验
与C组比较,**P<0.01。
Claims (10)
1.地奥心血康在制备预防和/或治疗酒精性肝病的药物中的用途。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的地奥心血康为薯蓣科植物黄山药Dioscorea panthaica Prain et Burk或穿龙薯蓣Dioscorea nipponica Makino的根茎提取物。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的地奥心血康按干燥品计算,含甾体总皂苷以甾体总皂苷元计,不得少于35.0%。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的地奥心血康按干燥品计算,含伪原薯蓣皂苷计,不得少于15.0%。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的地奥心血康的制备方法为:将中药穿龙薯蓣的干燥根茎粉碎,加入75%乙醇回流提取,滤过,回收乙醇,加水,冷藏后离心,上清液过HPD300大孔吸附树脂柱,先用水洗,然后用70%乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,减压浓缩至浸膏,即得地奥心血康。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的地奥心血康的制备方法为:将中药黄山药的干燥根茎粉碎,加入95%乙醇回流提取,滤过,回收乙醇,加水,冷藏后离心,上清液过大孔吸附树脂柱HPD100/LD140=7∶3(W/W),先用水洗,然后用70%乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,减压浓缩至浸膏,即得地奥心血康。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其特征在于,所述药物为口服制剂。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其特征在于,所述药物为胶囊剂、片剂、颗粒剂、散剂、缓释剂、控释剂、速释剂、丸剂或滴丸剂。
9.地奥心血康在制备预防和/或治疗肝脏肿大、预防和/或治疗酒精性肝脏脂肪变性、预防和/或治疗酒精性脂肪性肝炎的药物中的用途。
10.一种预防和/或治疗酒精性肝病的药剂,由有效量的地奥心血康,加上药学上可接受的辅料或辅助性成分制备而成。
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