CN113712049A - Application of saponin extract in preventing and treating red imported fire ants - Google Patents
Application of saponin extract in preventing and treating red imported fire ants Download PDFInfo
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- CN113712049A CN113712049A CN202111103623.8A CN202111103623A CN113712049A CN 113712049 A CN113712049 A CN 113712049A CN 202111103623 A CN202111103623 A CN 202111103623A CN 113712049 A CN113712049 A CN 113712049A
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- extract
- saponin
- bait
- gleditsia sinensis
- solenopsis invicta
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/20—Fabaceae or Leguminosae [Pea or Legume family], e.g. pea, lentil, soybean, clover, acacia, honey locust, derris or millettia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/002—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits
- A01N25/006—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits insecticidal
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of pest control, and particularly relates to application of a saponin extract in controlling solenopsis invicta. The invention discloses a Chinese honeylocust fruit extract prepared by taking Chinese honeylocust fruit pods as raw materials, which has remarkable control effect on red imported fire ants, the correction and control effects on the red imported fire ants on the 35 th day by using 0.005% of Chinese honeylocust fruit extract bait are all more than 80%, and compared with chemical pesticides, the Chinese honeylocust fruit extract has slow-acting poisoning effect on the red imported fire ants, can ensure that active ingredients for killing the ants are effectively delivered among ant groups, achieves the effect of nest-falling and killing, is not easy to generate drug resistance, has good environmental compatibility, is safe and nontoxic to people and livestock, has important significance for promoting the recycling of agricultural wastes, and has wide application prospect in production practice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pest control, and particularly relates to application of a saponin extract in controlling solenopsis invicta.
Background
The red fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) is one of the most dangerous invasive species, has strong fecundity and competitiveness, and diversified transmission paths. Influence the production of agriculture and forestry, destroy ecological balance, endanger social public safety and human life safety. At present, the red fire ants are mainly prevented and controlled by adopting methods such as chemical prevention, physical prevention, PIM (personal information management), plant quarantine inspection and the like, wherein the chemical prevention and control technology is the most widely applied prevention and control method at present, but because the red fire ants mostly build ant nests at a position close to a water source, the large-scale and long-term chemical prevention and control technology easily enables chemical components to escape into a water body and causes harm to aquatic organisms, and therefore, the research on the green and environment-friendly red fire ant prevention and control technology has important significance.
Gleditsia sinensis (Gleditsia sinensis Lam.) is a plant belonging to the genus Gleditsia of the family Leguminosae, has a long cultivation history, is a multipurpose ecological economical local tree species, and is widely applied to landscaping and ecological afforestation. Widely distributed in China and rich in plant resources. Currently, only a few of saponin reports insecticidal activity, and researches show that saponin alcohol extracts have effects on armyworms and pieris rapae (Liyuqi, Liu Xianbright, Huguanfang, and the like.) the insecticidal activity of saponin extracts and the mode of the saponin extracts on the armyworms are researched [ J ]. southwest agrimony, 2012,25(1): 161-; gleditsia sinensis fruit pod powder and the ethanol extract of the fruit pod have a significant Inhibitory effect on Meloidogyne incognita (Wen Y, Chitwood D J, Meyer S L F, inhibition effects of Gleditsia sinensis (Chinese honeynociceps) Power fructics and extracts on Meloidogyne incognita [ J ]. Journal of neurology.2015, (37)3: 276-. Chinese patent CN110250228A discloses that an insecticide prepared by mixing Chinese honeylocust fruit and various plant Chinese herbal medicines has good control effect on pests such as pink aphid, diamond back moth, armyworm, cabbage caterpillar and the like in vegetables. However, the conventional control agents containing the saponin extract and utilizing the insecticidal activity of saponin are still relatively few, and there is no report on whether the saponin extract has a control effect on red imported fire ants.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art and provide the plant source bait for preventing and controlling the solenopsis invicta.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide application of the saponin extract in preventing and treating red imported fire ants.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a bait of gleditsia sinensis solenopsis invicta.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
the invention finds that the extract extracted from the plant Chinese honeylocust (Gleditiia sinensis Lam.) has obvious activity of poisoning the solenopsis invicta.
Therefore, the invention provides the application of the saponin extract in preventing and treating the solenopsis invicta.
Preferably, the saponin extract is prepared by taking saponin fruit pods as raw materials.
Preferably, the saponin extract is a water extract, an ethanol extract or a methanol extract of the fruit pod of saponin.
Preferably, the extraction method of the saponin extract comprises the following steps: oven drying fructus Gleditsiae Abnormalis pod, pulverizing, collecting powder, ultrasonic extracting with water or alcohol solution, mixing filtrates, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain fructus Gleditsiae Abnormalis extract.
Preferably, the drying temperature is 40-60 ℃, the crushing and sieving are carried out by a 30-40 mesh sieve, and the ultrasonic condition is 20-30 ℃ ultrasonic for 1 h.
The invention also provides application of the saponin extract in preventing and treating the solenopsis invicta or preparing a solenopsis invicta preventing and treating preparation.
The invention also provides a gleditsia sinensis and red imported fire ant bait, which contains the gleditsia sinensis extract.
Preferably, the saponin extract is contained in an amount of 0.001 to 99% by weight.
Preferably, the weight ratio content of the saponin extract is 0.003-0.1%.
More preferably, the weight ratio of the saponin extract is 0.003-0.005%.
The research of the invention shows that the saponin extract has good control effect on the solenopsis invicta, and the higher the concentration of the saponin extract is, the better the control effect on the solenopsis invicta is in principle, but the antifeedant phenomenon can be generated in consideration of different feeding characteristics of insects. The experiments of the present invention show that the use of saponin extract at a concentration of 0.1% results in antifeedant action by red imported fire ants, and therefore the preferred weight ratio is limited to 0.1% in order to avoid unnecessary waste. However, the antifeedant effect of the high-concentration saponin extract on the solenopsis invicta can be solved through other auxiliary ways which do not influence the insecticidal effect, which are not the main problems solved by the invention, so detailed discussion is not made, but the saponin extract is used for preparing the bait for preventing and treating the solenopsis invicta on the basis that the saponin extract obtained by the first research of the invention has good prevention effect on the solenopsis invicta, wherein the content range of the saponin extract can be determined and selected within the range of 0.001-99%.
In order to balance the effect and the cost, the experimental data show that the control effect on the solenopsis invicta buren is over 80 percent when the concentration of the saponin extract is 0.005 percent, so that the better control effect on the solenopsis invicta buren can be achieved by controlling the weight ratio content of the saponin extract to be 0.003-0.1 percent.
Particularly, the gleditsia sinensis solenopsis invicta bait is not limited to contain components such as bait, vegetable oil, attractant, preservative, sweetener and warning pigment, and can also be other different components containing gleditsia sinensis extract.
As an alternative embodiment, the gleditsia sinensis solenopsis invicta bait comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.003-0.1% of saponin extract, 60-70% of bait, 5-10% of vegetable oil, 8-15% of attractant, 0.05-0.9% of preservative, 5-10% of sweetening agent and 0.05-0.1% of warning pigment.
Preferably, the bait is corn flour, brown rice flour, buckwheat flour or tapioca flour.
Preferably, the vegetable oil is rapeseed oil, olive oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, castor oil, corn oil or coconut oil.
Preferably, the attractant is fishbone powder, chicken bone powder or shrimp meal.
Preferably, the preservative is sorbic acid and salts thereof, paraben preservatives, benzoic acid and salts thereof, propionic acid and salts thereof, chloromethylisothiazolinone, methylisothiazolinone, boric acid or borax.
Preferably, the sweetener is saccharin, cyclamate, acesulfame potassium, high fructose syrup, soy oligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, lactulose oligosaccharides, aspartame, or alitame.
Preferably, the warning pigment is edible red pigment powder, edible green pigment powder and edible melanin powder.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the gleditsia sinensis solenopsis invicta bait, which comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing bait, vegetable oil, an attractant, a preservative and a sweetening agent to obtain an auxiliary material I;
s2, preparing a saponin solution from the saponin extract, atomizing the saponin solution, spraying the atomized saponin solution into the auxiliary material I, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain a material II;
and S3, adding the warning pigment into the material II, and uniformly mixing to obtain the gleditsia sinensis and solenopsis invicta bait.
Preferably, the mixing manner in steps S1, S2, S3 is stirring.
Preferably, the drying condition of step S2 is shading 40 ℃ drying.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
based on the research result of the invention, the Chinese honeylocust fruit extract has obvious control effect on the solenopsis invicta, and the correction control effect on the solenopsis invicta by using 0.005 percent of Chinese honeylocust fruit extract bait on the 35 th day is more than 80 percent; and the gleditsia sinensis bait has slow action on the red imported fire ants, so that the active ingredients for killing the ants can be effectively delivered among ant colonies.
The gleditsia sinensis extractive is safe to environment and free of pollution, the raw materials are gleditsia sinensis fruit pods which are byproducts in the production process of the gleditsia sinensis kernels, resources are rich, and the gleditsia sinensis extractive is beneficial to maximization of utilization of gleditsia sinensis resource resources.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples in the specification, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.
Unless otherwise indicated, reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.
Example 1 70% ethanol extract of Gleditsia sinensis Lam and poisoning Activity against Solenopsis invicta
1. Oven drying fructus Gleditsiae Abnormalis fruit pod at 50 deg.C, pulverizing, sieving with 20 mesh sieve, collecting powder, extracting with 70% ethanol water solution (70: 30 v/v) under ultrasonic condition at 25 deg.C for 1h for 3 times, mixing filtrates, concentrating under reduced pressure, and pulverizing to obtain fructus Gleditsiae Abnormalis extract.
And preparing the gleditsia sinensis extract into five liquid medicines with the concentration of 10mg/L, 20mg/L, 30mg/L, 40mg/L and 50mg/L by using pure water.
2. The poisoning effect of the solenopsis invicta is achieved by uniformly coating talcum powder on a dry plastic cup 4cm below the cup opening, reversely tapping the cup opening, and removing the redundant talcum powder. Selecting more than 25 ergates with the same size in a cup coated with pulvis Talci, starving for 6 hr, and adding into a water test tube. Adding corresponding medicament into each treatment group, adding pure water into the blank control group, repeating the treatment groups for 3 times, investigating the number of live and dead red fire ants in each group every 24h, and counting the death rate according to a formula until the death rate of the blank group worker ants is more than 20%.
As a result, as shown in tables 1 and 2, 50mg/L of the extract of Gleditsia sinensis Lam exhibited remarkable toxicity to Solenopsis invicta at the start of day 6 after treatment; therefore, the results of 6-10 days are statistically analyzed to obtain the virulence regression equation and LC of 6-10 days50The results are shown in Table 3, and the extracts of Gleditsia sinensis Lam on the Solenopsis invicta LC on days 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 after the treatment50The values were 58.46mg/L, 43.45mg/L, 39.03mg/L, 37.53mg/L, 34.78mg/L, respectively.
TABLE 1 poisoning Activity of different concentrations of Gleditsia sinensis extract on Solenopsis invicta
TABLE 2 poisoning Activity of different concentrations of Gleditsia sinensis extract on Solenopsis invicta
TABLE 3 regression equation of toxicity of Gleditsia sinensis extract to Solenopsis invicta
Example 2 preparation of 0.003% Gleditsia sinensis Solenopsis invicta bait
1. Preparing a saponin extract: a 0.003% saponin extract was prepared by the method of example 1 (extraction solvent ethanol: water 70:30, v/v).
2. 0.003 percent of gleditsia sinensis solenopsis invicta bait, and the components and the weight percentage of each component are as follows:
and (3) saponin extract: 0.003%
Corn flour: 69.497 percent
Rapeseed oil: 10 percent of
Shrimp meal: 11 percent of
Sorbic acid: 0.9 percent
Saccharin: 8.5 percent
Edible red pigment powder: 0.1 percent of
3. The preparation method of the bait agent for solenopsis invicta comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the weight ratio of the raw materials;
(2) firstly, dissolving weighed saponin extracts with a proper amount of pure water to obtain saponin solution;
(3) then, adding the weighed corn flour, rapeseed oil, shrimp meal, sorbic acid and saccharin into a stirrer in sequence, and fully stirring to obtain an auxiliary material I;
(4) then atomizing the prepared saponin solution, spraying the auxiliary material I, fully stirring and mixing, shading, and drying at the low temperature of 40 ℃ to obtain a material II;
(5) and adding the weighed edible red pigment powder into the material II, and fully stirring to obtain the 0.003% gleditsia sinensis and solenopsis invicta bait.
Example 3 preparation of 0.004% bait formulation for the Gleditsia sinensis Lam
1. Preparing a saponin extract: a 0.004% saponin extract was prepared according to the method of example 1 (extraction solvent ethanol: water 70:30, v/v).
2. 0.004 percent of gleditsia sinensis solenopsis invicta bait, and the components and the weight percentage of each component are as follows:
and (3) saponin extract: 0.004%
Flour: 68.896 percent
Soybean oil: 8 percent of
Fish bone powder: 13 percent of
Potassium sorbate: 0.05 percent
High fructose syrup: 10 percent of
Edible melanin powder: 0.05 percent
3. The preparation method of the bait agent for solenopsis invicta comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the weight ratio of the raw materials;
(2) firstly, dissolving weighed saponin extracts with a proper amount of pure water to obtain saponin solution;
(3) then adding the weighed flour, soybean oil, fishbone meal, potassium sorbate and high fructose syrup into a stirrer in sequence for fully stirring to obtain an auxiliary material I;
(4) then atomizing the prepared saponin solution, spraying the auxiliary material I, fully stirring and mixing, shading, and drying at the low temperature of 40 ℃ to obtain a material II;
(5) and adding the weighed edible melanin powder into the material II, and fully stirring to obtain the 0.004 percent bait for killing the ants of the solenopsis invicta.
Example 4 preparation of 0.005% Gleditsia Lamiacea bait
1. Preparing a saponin extract: a 0.005% saponin extract was prepared according to the method of example 1 (extraction solvent ethanol: water 70:30, v/v).
2. 0.005% of gleditsia sinensis solenopsis invicta bait, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
and (3) saponin extract: 0.005 percent
Brown rice powder: 69.995 percent
Olive oil: 10 percent of
Chicken bone powder: 9 percent of
Sodium benzoate: 0.9 percent
Fructo-oligosaccharide: 10 percent of
Edible green pigment powder: 0.1 percent of
3. The preparation method of the bait agent for solenopsis invicta comprises the following steps:
(1) the raw materials are weighed according to the weight ratio of the raw materials.
(2) Firstly, dissolving weighed saponin extracts with a proper amount of pure water to obtain saponin solution;
(3) then, adding the weighed brown rice powder, olive oil, chicken bone powder, sodium benzoate and fructo-oligosaccharide into a stirrer in sequence for fully stirring to obtain an auxiliary material I;
(4) then atomizing the prepared saponin solution, spraying the auxiliary material I, fully stirring and mixing, shading, and drying at the low temperature of 40 ℃ to obtain a material II;
(5) and adding the weighed edible green pigment powder into the material II, and fully stirring to obtain the 0.005% gleditsia sinensis solenopsis ant killing bait.
Example 5 preparation of 0.005% Gleditsia Lamiacea bait
1. Preparing a saponin extract: reference is made to the procedure of example 1, except that a 0.005% saponin extract is prepared using a pure aqueous solution.
2. 0.005% of gleditsia sinensis solenopsis invicta bait, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
and (3) saponin extract: 0.005 percent
Buckwheat flour: 68.896 percent
Peanut oil: 8 percent of
Fish bone powder: 13 percent of
Calcium propionate: 0.05 percent
Soybean oligosaccharide: 10 percent of
Edible red pigment powder: 0.053%
3. The procedure for the preparation of bait from solenopsis invicta was the same as in example 4.
Example 6 preparation of 0.005% Gleditsia Lamiacea bait
1. Preparing a saponin extract: reference is made to the procedure of example 1, except that 0.005% of the extract of gleditsia sinensis lam is prepared using a 100% ethanol solution.
2. 0.005% of gleditsia sinensis solenopsis invicta bait, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
gleditsia sinensis fruit pod extract: 0.005 percent
Cassava flour: 69.845 percent
Coconut oil: 5 percent of
Chicken bone powder: 15 percent of
Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate: 0.05 percent
Sweet taste agent: 0.05 percent
Edible melanin powder: 0.13 percent
3. The procedure for the preparation of bait from solenopsis invicta was the same as in example 4.
EXAMPLE 70.005 preparation of an Ant-killing bait formulation from Gleditsia sinensis Lam
1. Preparing a saponin extract: reference is made to the procedure of example 1, except that 0.005% of the extract of Gleditsia sinensis Lam was prepared using a 100% methanol solution.
2. 0.005% of gleditsia sinensis solenopsis invicta bait, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
gleditsia sinensis fruit pod extract: 0.005 percent
Cassava flour: 69.845 percent
Coconut oil: 5 percent of
Chicken bone powder: 15 percent of
Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate: 0.05 percent
Sweet taste agent: 0.05 percent
Edible melanin powder: 0.13 percent
3. The procedure for the preparation of bait from solenopsis invicta was the same as in example 4.
EXAMPLE 80.005 preparation of an Ant-killing bait formulation from Gleditsia sinensis Lam
1. Preparing a saponin extract: a 0.005% saponin extract was prepared according to the method of example 1 (extraction solvent ethanol: water 70:30, v/v).
2. 0.005% of gleditsia sinensis solenopsis invicta bait, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
and (3) saponin extract: 0.005 percent
Brown rice powder: 69.995 percent
Olive oil: 10 percent of
Chicken bone powder: 9 percent of
Boric acid: 0.9 percent
Fructo-oligosaccharide: 10 percent of
Edible green pigment powder: 0.1 percent of
3. The procedure for the preparation of bait from solenopsis invicta was the same as in example 4.
EXAMPLE 90.005 preparation of an Ant-killing bait formulation from Gleditsia sinensis Lam
1. Preparing a saponin extract: a 0.005% saponin extract was prepared according to the method of example 1 (extraction solvent ethanol: water 70:30, v/v).
2. 0.005% of gleditsia sinensis solenopsis invicta bait, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
and (3) saponin extract: 0.005 percent
Cassava flour: 69.845 percent
Coconut oil: 5 percent of
Chicken bone powder: 15 percent of
Borax: 0.05 percent
Sweet taste agent: 10 percent of
Edible green pigment powder: 0.1 percent of
3. The procedure for the preparation of bait from solenopsis invicta was the same as in example 4.
Example 100.005% preparation of bait for killing Ant of Gleditsia sinensis Lam
1. Preparing a saponin extract: a 0.005% saponin extract was prepared according to the method of example 1 (extraction solvent ethanol: water 70:30, v/v).
2. 0.005% of gleditsia sinensis solenopsis invicta bait, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
and (3) saponin extract: 0.005 percent
Cassava flour: 68.995 percent
Coconut oil: 10 percent of
Chicken bone powder: 15 percent of
Borax: 0.5 percent
Boric acid: 0.4 percent
Sweet taste agent: 5 percent of
Edible red pigment powder: 0.1 percent of
3. The procedure for the preparation of bait from solenopsis invicta was the same as in example 4.
Example 11 field control Effect test
The bait prepared in the above examples 2 to 10 and the control group (blank vehicle: compared with example 10 except that no gleditsia sinensis lam extract is contained) were used to perform a solenopsis invicta control test in the field (the time of application, the time of day, the average temperature of 30 ℃ on the test day, no disastrous weather, and soil) of Guangdong Guangzhou Huadu district.
Experimental arrangement examples 2-10 bait and control groups (empty vehicle), 3 replicates. Uniformly spreading 20g of bait in a ring shape with the ant hill as the center and the radius of 10 cm. The method comprises the steps of conducting population quantity investigation on the red fire ants by a bait trapping method, namely putting ham sausages into a small plastic bottle, horizontally placing the plastic bottle during trapping, enabling a bottle opening to be tightly attached to the ground, putting 4 trapping bottles (the diameter of the bottle opening is 8.5cm) in each ant nest, trapping the bottles to be about 7.0-8.0 cm away from the ant nest, collecting the trapping bottles after half an hour (dropping a small amount of acetone into the bottles during collection, covering the bottle caps), and taking the bottles back to the room to check the quantity of the red fire ants collected in each bottle. The number of red fire ants collected in each bottle was investigated on the first 1 day, and the last 1 day, and on the 3 rd, 7 th, 14 th and 35 th days after the treatment, and the population reduction rate was calculated as follows:
as shown in table 4, the results of statistics show that 0.005% of gleditsia sinensis bait (example 4, example 5, example 6, example 7, example 9 and example 10) has a more than 80% corrected control effect on the solenopsis invicta on day 35, and the results of examples 9 and 10 show that the boric acid and borax added to the bait in examples 9 and 10 have a synergistic effect and a better control effect on the solenopsis invicta. The bait prepared in the embodiments 2-10 basically acts on the solenopsis invicta poisoning on the right and left days, the action is slow, the active ingredients for killing the solenopsis invicta can be effectively and specially transferred among ant colonies, and the solenopsis invicta is prevented from being stimulated and diffused, so that the nest-tilting and killing effect is achieved. In addition, the saponin extract used in the application is safe to the environment and harmless to human, livestock and aquatic organisms.
TABLE 4 field control Effect of Gleditsia sinensis bait against Solenopsis invicta
In conclusion, the alcohol extract and the water extract of the Chinese honeylocust fruit have good control effect on the red imported fire ants; the effect of the extract obtained by different extraction methods and extraction processes for preventing and treating the solenopsis invicta is slightly different. Experiments show that 0.005% of saponin extract has good control effect on solenopsis invicta, the control effect of 70% of ethanol extract can reach about 84% on day 35, is about 81% better than that of 100% of ethanol extract, about 80% of that of 100% of methanol extract and about 66% of that of pure water extract, the control effect of preservative in bait raw materials adopting borax and borax can reach about 90%, and the synergistic effect on poisoning solenopsis invicta is achieved.
Therefore, the gleditsia sinensis and red imported fire ant bait provided by the invention has an obvious effect of preventing and treating red imported fire ants, is simple in components of prepared raw materials, easy to operate, difficult to generate drug resistance, good in environmental compatibility, safe and non-toxic to people and livestock, has an important significance in promoting recycling of agricultural wastes, and has a wide application prospect in production practice.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and they are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The saponin extract is characterized by being prepared from saponin fruit pods as raw materials.
2. The saponin extract according to claim 1, wherein the saponin extract is a water extract, an ethanol extract or a methanol extract of the fruit pod of saponin.
3. The extract of Gleditsia sinensis as claimed in claim 2, wherein gleditsia sinensis fruit pods are oven dried and pulverized, the powder is collected, extracted with water or an alcohol solution by ultrasound, the filtrates are combined, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the Gleditsia sinensis extract.
4. Use of the saponin extract as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 for controlling solenopsis invicta or for preparing a solenopsis invicta controlling preparation.
5. A bait of Gleditsia sinensis Lam, which is characterized by containing the extract of Gleditsia sinensis Lam as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3.
6. The bait according to claim 5, wherein the saponin extract is contained in an amount of 0.001 to 99% by weight.
7. The bait according to claim 6, wherein the saponin extract is contained in an amount of 0.003 to 0.1% by weight, preferably 0.003 to 0.005% by weight.
8. The gleditsia solenopsis bait according to claim 5, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.003-0.1% of saponin extract, 60-70% of bait, 5-10% of vegetable oil, 8-15% of attractant, 0.05-0.9% of preservative, 5-10% of sweetening agent and 0.05-0.1% of warning pigment.
9. The gleditsia solenopsis bait of claim 8, wherein the bait is corn flour, brown rice flour, buckwheat flour or tapioca flour; the vegetable oil is rapeseed oil, olive oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, corn oil or coconut oil; the attractant is fishbone powder, chicken bone powder or shrimp meal; the preservative is sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, calcium propionate, propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, boric acid or borax; the sweetener is saccharin, sodium cyclamate, high fructose syrup, soybean oligosaccharide, fructo-oligosaccharide or aspartame; the warning pigment is edible red pigment powder, edible green pigment powder or edible melanin powder.
10. The gleditsia sinensis solenopsis invicta bait according to claim 8, which is prepared by the method comprising:
s1, uniformly mixing bait, vegetable oil, an attractant, a preservative and a sweetening agent to obtain an auxiliary material I;
s2, preparing a saponin solution from the saponin extract, atomizing the saponin solution, spraying the atomized saponin solution into the auxiliary material I, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain a material II;
and S3, adding the warning pigment into the material II, and uniformly mixing to obtain the gleditsia sinensis and solenopsis invicta bait.
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