CN113710630B - 用于改善肥料的物理质量参数的疏水涂层 - Google Patents
用于改善肥料的物理质量参数的疏水涂层 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113710630B CN113710630B CN202080020203.0A CN202080020203A CN113710630B CN 113710630 B CN113710630 B CN 113710630B CN 202080020203 A CN202080020203 A CN 202080020203A CN 113710630 B CN113710630 B CN 113710630B
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- fertilizer
- particles
- coating
- oil
- roughening
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004204 candelilla wax Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013868 candelilla wax Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940073532 candelilla wax Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- IUJAMGNYPWYUPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hentriacontane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IUJAMGNYPWYUPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002367 phosphate rock Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000828 canola oil Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 235000019519 canola oil Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003075 superhydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 for example Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011785 micronutrient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013369 micronutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen(.) Chemical compound [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011067 equilibration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/38—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with wax or resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B3/00—Fertilisers based essentially on di-calcium phosphate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
- C05C9/005—Post-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/20—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for preventing the fertilisers being reduced to powder; Anti-dusting additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/30—Anti-agglomerating additives; Anti-solidifying additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
- C05G3/44—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/70—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting wettability, e.g. drying agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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Abstract
一种包含基肥颗粒与疏水或超疏水涂层的肥料组合物,其减少了肥料结块和粉尘形成。涂层可包括产生微米级表面粗糙度的粗糙化组分和疏水涂层。涂层的组分一起用于物理保护水溶性肥料颗粒免受水分进入和结块,并增加颗粒的耐磨性。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求于2019年1月17日提交的美国临时申请No.62/793,582的权益,在此通过引用以其整体并入本文。
技术领域
本公开的实施方式涉及用于在储存、运输和施用期间减少颗粒肥料的附聚(结块)、降解(破裂)和粉尘产生的疏水或超疏水涂层。具体地,本公开描述了使用低表面能化合物的粗糙涂层或表面处理,其最大程度降低肥料的湿度和温度循环的影响,以用于减少附聚、降解和粉尘的目的。在实施方式中,涂层可以一次性添加到肥料中,还可以含有一种或多种微量营养素和/或次级营养素,并且产生自由流动特性。
背景技术
许多农业肥料是如下生产的:造粒,随后干燥和冷却,然后在土壤施用之前长时间储存。常规储存期间的固有问题是很大一部分肥料形成团块和附聚体的高倾向。硬块和附聚体的形成通常是湿度随着昼夜温度变化而周期性变化的结果。在增加湿度期间,水分从空气中冷凝出来和/或颗粒内的水分迁移出来,并且肥料开始溶解。当湿度降低和温度冷却时,在重结晶过程中形成晶体桥,形成将颗粒锁定在一起的盐桥。这些团块和附聚体在大多数肥料储存设施中产生。
当被包装或运输时,由于这些晶体的移位,已经附聚的肥料更可能产生粉尘。这使得肥料明显地更难以在陆地上处理和分布,因为粉尘易于变成空气传播的并且其应用难以控制,最终导致不均匀的营养素分布和对于使用者的潜在健康和安全问题。当肥料块较硬并且保持不受运输影响时,这些可能导致撒播设备堵塞,也导致不均匀的营养素分布和设备磨损。
大多数肥料从空气中吸收水分并且由于结块而遭受物理降解的临界相对湿度或CRH是在60%与75%相对湿度之间(在35℃或95°F下)。在该湿度下,空气中的水分沉积在肥料上并开始表面溶解过程。当将具有不同CRH的肥料共混在一起时,共混物的CRH改变并且受最低CRH组分的影响,该最低CRH组分可使得共混物在正常储存条件下易于结块。这可以显著地限制一些可能的共混伙伴及其储存能力。
颗粒状肥料的包覆降低了降解的可能性。然而,许多用在肥料上的疏水涂层对于大英亩的商业用途来说成本过高,因此仅用于更有利可图的高价值产品领域,例如草皮工业,例如高尔夫球场。
已经采取了将疏水涂层结合到肥料上以显著减缓营养素从肥料中释放的步骤,从而形成控释或缓释的肥料,如在名称为“Coating for Fertilizer”的美国专利7,452,399号、名称为“Sulfur-Coated Fertilizer Granules and Process of Making the Same”的美国专利4,857,098号和名称为“Encapsulated Nitrogen Fertilizer Composition withFire-Extinguishing and Fire-Spreading Preventing Option CorrespondingManufacture Process and Application Process”的美国申请14/351,560中描述的那些,所有这些文献都通过引用以其整体并入本文。然而,这些涂层不一定提供结块倾向和粉尘形成的改善。此外,这些类型的涂层通常来源于合成聚合物,尚未测试它们在土壤中的长期效果。天然产物(例如蜡和油)有时由于它们的抗结块能力而被应用,例如在名称为“DustControl Composition for Fertilizer and Method of Treatment of Fertilizer”的美国专利6,355,083B1号中描述的那些,其通过引用以其整体并入本文,但通常它们没有提供具有肥料储存所需的寿命的益处。因此,这些涂层可导致肥料的保存期显著缩短,并且通常难以均匀地施加到不规则表面上。
惰性无机颗粒已经作为填料包含在一些涂层中,以设法密封大量肥料颗粒的孔,减缓水进入并因此减缓从产品中释放营养素,如例如在PCT申请公开WO2000/076649号中所述,其通过引用以其整体并入本文。为了使用填料来控制和减缓营养素释放,需要高达20重量%的量的涂层,如例如在欧洲专利申请公开EP 0976699号中所述,并且通常需要包含其它疏水化合物如胺以进一步减缓溶解,如在法国专利申请公开FR 2155883A2号中所述,所述文献都通过引用以其整体并入本文;然而,这对于防结块涂层不是必要的。
因此,需要一种对环境负责且低成本的涂层,其降低水溶性肥料的结块倾向,尤其是那些具有不规则的角形颗粒的肥料,例如压实的氯化钾(其使得难以获得均匀的涂层)。
发明内容
本公开的实施方式总体上涉及用于肥料颗粒的疏水或超疏水涂层。疏水涂层是当从表面测量时的接触角为90度以上的涂层,而超疏水涂层是接触角为140度以上的涂层。此后,为了简单起见,“疏水”用于描述疏水或超疏水状态。实施方式的疏水涂层包括微粒状粗糙化添加剂和低表面能疏水组分,例如蜡、蜡乳液或油处理剂。在本公开的实施方式中,疏水涂层的一种或多种添加剂导致肥料表面上的微米级表面粗糙度,其本身可以但不一定会增加肥料的疏水性和/或营养价值。肥料颗粒上的疏水涂层用于保护水溶性肥料颗粒免受水分的进入。
在本公开的一个实施方式中,疏水涂覆材料处于液体或熔融状态。然后将一种或多种添加剂掺入熔融或液体疏水涂覆材料中。将疏水涂覆材料喷涂或表面辊压到含有一种或多种主要营养素的基肥颗粒上,例如磷基、氮基和/或钾基肥料(统称为“NPK肥料”)。在实施方式中,合适的肥料颗粒可包括例如含氮肥料,如硝酸盐和尿素;含钾肥料,如包括氯化钾(MOP)或硫酸钾(SOP)在内的钾碱;含磷肥料,如包括磷酸铵(如磷酸一铵(MAP)或磷酸二铵(DAP))在内的磷酸盐肥料,包括单过磷酸钙(SSP)或三过磷酸钙(TSP)在内的磷酸钙肥料,磷酸钾,磷酸钙,或它们的任意组合。疏水涂层中的添加剂提供降低表面和水滴之间的接触面积的粗糙度,促使水从表面流出,从而防止或减少水进入。
在本公开的另一个实施方式中,肥料粒料首先用粗糙化材料涂覆。根据该实施方式,首先在基肥颗粒周围的一个或多个连续或不连续涂层中加入微粒状粗糙化添加剂,例如通过常规涂覆方法如喷涂。在用微粒状粗糙化化合物涂覆颗粒之后,然后在涂覆的基肥颗粒周围的一个或多个连续或不连续涂层中加入低能量疏水材料,例如蜡和/或油。施加粗糙化化合物和涂覆之间的时间可以根据工艺设计的便利性而变化。
在第三个实施方式中,表面粗糙度是物理处理的结果(例如表面的机械磨损),或通过在基础颗粒制造期间有目的地制造粗糙表面。这样的一个实例是控制结晶速率和基础颗粒的退火程度以确保所需的表面粗糙度。因此,足够的表面粗糙度可能仅需要具有或不具有添加剂的低能量超疏水涂层。
在另一个备选的实施方式中,将具有或不具有粗糙化添加剂的疏水涂层施加到基肥颗粒上,并在施加时或随后施加到颗粒上时图案化。例如,可以用仍处于液体、熔融或其它流体状态的涂层形成微褶皱(micropelication)以产生微粗糙化的表面图案。
以上概述并不旨在描述本发明的每个示出的实施方式或每种实践。下面的详细描述更具体地举例说明了这些实施方式。
附图说明
结合附图考虑以下各种实施方式的详细描述,可以更完整地理解本发明的主题,其中:
图1是根据本发明一个实施方式的含有超疏水涂层的肥料颗粒的截面图;
图2是根据本发明备选实施方式的含有超疏水涂层的肥料颗粒的截面图;
图3是根据本发明一个实施方式的粗糙化肥料的透视图;
图4是肥料颗粒的比较,描述了根据本发明实施方式的各种肥料涂层对肥料结块倾向的影响;
图5是比较根据本发明实施方式的肥料的水分吸收的图表;
图6A和6B是根据本发明实施方式的水分排斥和吸收的比较;
图7是比较根据本发明实施方式的肥料的结块倾向的图表;
图8是比较根据本发明实施方式的经涂覆的肥料的耐磨性的图表;
图9是比较根据本发明实施方式的经涂覆的肥料的产品粉尘的图表;
图10是比较根据本发明实施方式的经涂覆的肥料的产品降解的图表。
虽然各种实施方式可以进行各种修改和替换形式,但是其细节已经通过附图中的示例示出并将详细描述。然而,应当理解,本发明并不限于所描述的特定实施方式。相反,本发明覆盖落入由权利要求限定的主题的主旨和范围内的所有修改、等同物和替换物。
具体实施方式
根据图1所示的本公开的实施方式,疏水性经涂覆的肥料颗粒100可包含核心肥料部分102和疏水涂覆材料103,所述疏水涂覆材料103含有微粒状粗糙化添加剂或组分104和低表面能疏水材料106,所述低表面能疏水材料106涂覆或以其它方式施加到肥料102的至少一部分上。
根据实施方式,肥料部分102包含任何合适的肥料,例如硝酸盐、尿素、钾碱、磷酸盐肥料如磷酸一铵(MAP)、磷酸二铵(DAP)、单过磷酸钙、三过磷酸钙、磷酸钾、磷酸钙或它们的组合。
根据实施方式,疏水涂覆材料103可以包括微粒状粗糙化添加剂104或粗化剂在低表面能材料106中的分散体、乳液、悬浮液或混合物。在实施方式中,该粗糙化添加剂104可以包含硅酸盐、砂、磷酸盐岩、碳酸钙、石膏、微量营养素、硬脂酸盐(包括例如但不限于硬脂酸钠和硬脂酸锌)、脂肪酸(如硬脂酸)、钾碱粉尘或它们的任意组合。在备选实施方式中,可以使用溶解度低于基础颗粒的溶解度的任何微粒状结晶或无定形化合物。在一个实施方式中,基于颗粒的总重量,涂层103包含约0.01重量%至约10重量%,更具体地约0.01重量%至约5重量%,并且更具体地约0.1重量%至约1.0重量%的结晶或无定形微粒状粗糙化添加剂。这些添加剂本身可以是或可以不是疏水的。粗糙化添加剂104可以分散、乳化或以其它方式悬浮在疏水材料106中。
根据实施方式,低表面能疏水材料106可包括小烛树蜡、蜂蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、从食品工业回收的蜡、蜡乳液或它们的组合。在其它实施方式中,疏水材料106可以是熔点为50℃至约105℃(约122°F至约221°F)的任何植物或化学基蜡。在又一个实施方式中,疏水材料106可以是来自石油工业的蜡,例如疏松石蜡、石蜡、微晶蜡,或油和蜡的组合。天然和合成蜡与任何油或不含油的组合可用于产生疏水或超疏水涂层。
在另一个实施方式中,疏水材料106由任何合适的天然油、矿物油或合成油组成。油可以是任何合适的天然油、矿物油或合成油,例如矿物白油,但优选植物油,包括菜籽油、向日葵油、大豆油、蓖麻油、亚麻籽油、橄榄油或改性植物油。也可以使用其它疏水脂肪酸,如硬脂酸。在实施方式中,可以考虑蜡、油或脂肪酸的任意组合。在实施方式中,疏水蜡、油添加剂、或蜡和油添加剂的混合物涂层占全部肥料颗粒的约0.01%至约10%,更具体地占全部肥料颗粒的约0.1重量%至约5重量%,更具体地占全部肥料颗粒的约0.5重量%至约2.0重量%。薄涂层确保了疏水性或超疏水性,同时还提供了粉尘控制的益处,并且不抑制肥料的营养素在施用于土壤后的释放。
在根据图1的实施方式中,形成经涂覆的肥料颗粒100的方法包括将预定量的微粒状粗化剂104与预定量的疏水材料106组合以形成用于涂覆形成的肥料颗粒的超疏水涂覆材料。在该实施方式中,疏水涂覆材料106可以是液体、固体或熔融形式,并且可以喷涂、幕涂或利用许多合适的涂覆技术中的任何一种,以在形成的基肥颗粒102上形成连续或不连续的涂层,从而形成一定量的经涂覆的肥料颗粒100。然后将颗粒干燥或冷却。
在根据图2的实施方式中,在将低能量材料206施加到肥料粒料202上之前,可以将微粒状粗化剂204施加到肥料粒料202的表面上。在该实施方式中,微粒状粗化剂204可以以液体、固体或熔体的形式施加,并且可以喷涂、幕涂或用许多合适的涂覆技术中的任何一种涂覆,以在形成的肥料颗粒202上形成连续或不连续的涂层,从而形成一定量的经涂覆的肥料颗粒。根据该实施方式,然后用低能量材料206涂覆微粒状结晶或无定形的经涂覆的颗粒。低表面能材料206可以是液体、固体、乳液或熔融形式,并且可以喷涂、幕涂或用许多合适的涂覆技术中的任何一种涂覆,以在结晶的经涂覆的肥料颗粒上形成连续或不连续的涂层,从而形成一定量的经涂覆的肥料颗粒200。然后将颗粒干燥或冷却。
根据如图1和2所示的本公开的实施方式,结晶或无定形的微粒状添加剂在肥料104,204的表面上产生微米级粗糙度。在该实施方式中,肥料颗粒的粗糙化可以通过使用多种多样的前述结晶或无定形的微粒状添加剂来产生。添加剂的尺寸可以为约50nm至约250μm。在最优选的实施方式中,这些材料的尺寸可以为约10μm至约150μm。在其它实施方式中,添加剂的尺寸大于150μm。根据图3所示的本公开的实施方式,微米级表面粗糙度确保了与没有涂层的情况302相比,任何沉积的水分液滴和肥料颗粒306所共占的表面积最小。粗糙度确保水滴保持球形,使得在肥料306和水滴之间俘获的空气将不允许水渗入肥料颗粒中。这些涂层也可以施加到被加热到高于环境温度的颗粒上,以帮助疏水的低能量涂层的表面润湿并优化涂层均匀性。
在实施方式中,微粒状粗化剂化合物和低能量疏水添加剂产生增加涂层疏水性的粗糙度,同时对涂层的流动性、可喷涂性或可涂覆性的影响最小。在最优选的实施方式中,涂层应是在施加到土壤上后可充分降解的,使得肥料营养素容易释放到土壤中。
以下实施例讨论本发明的具体实施方式。在每个实施例的制备中使用的设备是具有防震电机的SPEX混磨机8000M。在一些实施例中,混磨机以1060次循环/分钟在前后摆动5.9cm且左右摆动2.5cm的振荡运动下操作。
实施例材料以分批模式制备,首先将未涂覆的MOP的颗粒装入小瓶中,然后加入合适的微粒状粗化剂材料,混合1分钟,然后与低表面能材料一起加热,并在自然冷却至环境温度的同时进一步混合。
实施例1:MOP,MOP+蜡,以及MOP+蜡和微粒状粗化剂
将未涂覆的MOP的结块与具有蜡涂层的MOP和具有蜡和粗化剂涂层的MOP进行比较。测试条件是使4g样品经受35℃(95°F)和1kg重量,在80%相对湿度下施用7天。
由于产品的粒度分布和角形状,MOP的结块倾向相对较高。在散装储存中,随着湿度自然循环,结块在MOP存料上形成为硬壳。如图4所示,与没有表面处理的MOP和仅用蜡处理的MOP相比,用精细研磨的磷酸盐岩和小烛树蜡涂覆的MOP导致显著更少的结块。
实施例2:使用蜡和粗化剂的MOP的水分吸收
比较了具有1.5%小烛树蜡和一系列粗化剂的经涂覆的肥料在75%和80%相对湿度下的水分吸收(增重%)(图5)。本实施例中使用的粗化剂包括:磷酸盐岩,膨润土,碳酸钙(CaCO3),硅藻土,元素硫(El S),来自SKY Spring Nanoparticles Inc的磷灰石纳米颗粒(Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)),来自MK Nano的磷灰石纳米颗粒,白云石(CaCO3.MgCO3),石膏(CaSO4.2H2O)和氧化锌(ZnO)。加入的粗化剂的比率在0.1%(元素S)和2.4%(白云石)之间。在75%和80%相对湿度(25℃)下暴露3小时后评估水分吸收。
如图5中的图表所示,在80%RH下,使用小烛树蜡和磷酸盐岩的经涂覆的肥料组合物导致最低的水分吸收。
实施例3:MOP、MOP+ZnO蜡乳液以及硬脂酸锌粗化剂和小烛树蜡的结块倾向
在该实施例中,MOP颗粒用蜡乳液涂层或硬脂酸锌/小烛树蜡涂层涂覆,所述蜡乳液涂层以1.5重量%的比率施加到具有0.5重量%的Zn(来自Zn0)的肥料上。参考图6A和6B,在80%RH下15天后,水分从经涂覆的肥料组合物排出(参见图6A),但被未涂覆MOP的颗粒吸收(参见图6B)。在22℃于80%RH下经历30天,随后在40℃下干燥过夜并平衡至环境温度后,打破约3g结块肥料样品所需的力示于图7中。如所示,蜡乳液或熔体中的ZnO和硬脂酸锌粗化剂均显著降低了未涂覆MOP的结块倾向。
实施例4:MOP与用ZnO和含有不同比率和蜡源的蜡乳液涂覆的MOP随时间变化的耐
磨性。
降解百分比计算为在将10g样品(+1-3.35mm)在Spex-混合器/磨机(8000M)中经历30秒(重复三次)之后剩余的小于250微米的颗粒的重量%。与未涂覆的样品相比,这些涂层的降解百分比降低了约10倍,如图8所示。
实施例5:产品降解和粉尘形成
参考图9和10,比较了具有如本文所述的水分控制涂层的样品与未涂覆MOP的情况的产物降解和粉尘形成。在图中,样品#1A-C和#2-C以每吨肥料颗粒2lb硬脂酸盐的量用硬脂酸钠粗化剂涂覆,并且以每吨颗粒3lb涂层的量用由VM160石油与5%胺形成的疏水涂层涂覆。用相同的粗化剂和疏水涂层制剂涂覆样品#3,但粗化剂增加到3.5lb/吨。如图所示,与未涂覆的基准样品相比,涂覆样品的粉尘产生和破裂百分比显著降低。
在不脱离本发明的基本属性的情况下,本发明可以以其它特定形式实施;因此,所说明的实施方式在所有方面应被视为说明性的而非限制性的。在此提供的权利要求是为了确保本申请对于建立外国优先权和没有其它目的的充分性。
在此描述了系统、设备和方法的各种实施方式。这些实施方式仅以示例的方式给出,并不旨在限制所要求保护的发明的范围。此外,应理解,已描述的实施方式的各种特征可以各种方式组合以产生众多额外的实施方式。此外,虽然已经描述了用于所公开的实施方式的各种材料、尺寸、形状、构造和位置等,但是在不超出所要求保护的发明的范围的情况下,可以使用除了所公开的那些之外的其它材料。
相关领域的普通技术人员将认识到,本文的主题可以包括比上述任何单个实施方式中所示的更少的特征。本文所描述的实施方式并不意味着是对可组合本文主题的各种特征的方式的详尽呈现。因此,实施方式不是特征的互斥组合;相反,如本领域的普通技术人员所理解的,各种实施方式可以包括从不同的单独实施方式中选择的不同的单独特征的组合。此外,除非另有说明,否则关于一个实施方式描述的要素可以在其它实施方式中实现,即使在这些实施方式中没有描述。
虽然从属权利要求可以在权利要求中引用与一个或多个其它权利要求的特定组合,但是其它实施方式还可以包括从属权利要求与每个其它从属权利要求的主题的组合,或者一个或多个特征与其它从属权利要求或独立权利要求的组合。除非指出并不意味着特定的组合,否则在本文中提出这样的组合。
上述文献的任何通过引用的并入被限制,使得没有与本文明确公开内容相反的主题被引入。上述文献的任何通过引用的并入被进一步限制,使得包括在该文献中的权利要求并不通过引入并入本文。以上文献的任何通过引用的并入还被进一步限制,使得文献中提供的任何定义并不通过引用并入本文,除非明确地包括在本文中。
出于解释权利要求的目的,明确地意图不援引35U.S.C.§112(f)的规定,除非在权利要求中陈述了特定术语“用于……的手段”或“用于……的步骤”。
Claims (16)
1.一种肥料产品,所述肥料产品包含多个经涂覆用于水分控制的颗粒,经涂覆的颗粒各自包含:
基肥颗粒;以及
施加至所述基肥颗粒的水分控制涂层,所述涂层包括单个层的疏水材料组分和粗糙化组分,
其中所述粗糙化组分包含粒度为10μm至150μm的微粒,以便在经涂覆的颗粒的最外表面上形成微观表面粗糙度,
其中所述疏水材料组分包含选自由下列组成的组的油:矿物白油,石油,菜籽油,向日葵油,大豆油,蓖麻油,亚麻籽油,橄榄油,改性植物油,以及它们的组合,并且
其中所述疏水材料以全部肥料颗粒的0.5重量%至2.0重量%的量存在。
2.如权利要求1所述的肥料产品,其中所述粗糙化组分的溶解度低于所述基肥颗粒。
3.如权利要求1所述的肥料产品,其中所述粗糙化组分选自由下列组成的组:硅酸盐,砂,磷酸盐岩,碳酸钙,石膏,锌,锰,铁,铜,钼,硼,氯化物,钴,钠,硫酸盐形式的硫,元素硫,硬脂酸锌,硬脂酸钠,硬脂酸,钾碱粉尘,以及它们的组合。
4.如权利要求1所述的肥料产品,其中基于所述颗粒的总重量,所述粗糙化组分以0.01重量%至10重量%的量存在。
5.如权利要求4所述的肥料产品,其中基于所述颗粒的总重量,所述粗糙化组分以0.1重量%至1.0重量%的量存在。
6.如权利要求1所述的肥料产品,其中所述基肥颗粒选自由下列组成的组:硝酸盐,尿素,氯化钾,硫酸钾,磷酸一铵(MAP),磷酸二铵(DAP),单过磷酸钙,三过磷酸钙,磷酸钾,磷酸钙,以及它们的组合。
7.如权利要求1所述的肥料产品,其中所述水分控制涂层包含作为所述粗糙化组分的硬脂酸钠和/或硬脂酸锌,并且其中所述疏水材料包含石油与胺或小烛树蜡。
8.一种向肥料颗粒提供水分控制处理的方法,所述方法包括:
提供多个肥料颗粒;并且
用水分控制处理材料涂覆所述肥料颗粒,所述水分控制处理材料包括疏水材料和粗糙化组分的混合物,以在所述颗粒的外表面上形成单个层的涂层,
其中所述粗糙化组分包含粒度为10μm至150μm的微粒,以便在经涂覆的颗粒的最外表面上形成微观表面粗糙度,
其中所述疏水材料组分包含选自由下列组成的组的油:矿物白油,石油,菜籽油,向日葵油,大豆油,蓖麻油,亚麻籽油,橄榄油,改性植物油,以及它们的组合,并且
其中所述疏水材料以全部肥料颗粒的0.5重量%至2.0重量%的量存在。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中涂覆所述肥料颗粒包括:
用所述粗糙化组分涂覆所述肥料颗粒;并且
随后用所述疏水材料涂覆其上施加有所述粗糙化组分的所述肥料颗粒。
10.权利要求8所述的方法,其中涂覆所述肥料颗粒包括:
将所述粗糙化组分和所述疏水材料组合;并且
随后用组合的粗糙化组分和疏水材料涂覆所述肥料颗粒。
11.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述粗糙化组分选自由下列组成的组:硅酸盐,砂,磷酸盐岩,碳酸钙,石膏,锌,锰,铁,铜,钼,硼,氯化物,钴,钠,硫酸盐形式的硫,元素硫,硬脂酸锌,硬脂酸钠,硬脂酸,钾碱粉尘,以及它们的组合。
12.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中基于所述颗粒的总重量,所述粗糙化组分以0.01重量%至10重量%的量存在。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中基于所述颗粒的总重量,所述粗糙化组分以0.1重量%至1.0重量%的量存在。
14.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述基肥颗粒选自由下列组成的组:硝酸盐,尿素,氯化钾,硫酸钾,磷酸一铵(MAP),磷酸二铵(DAP),单过磷酸钙,三过磷酸钙,磷酸钾,磷酸钙,以及它们的组合。
15.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述水分控制涂层包含作为所述粗糙化组分的硬脂酸钠和/或硬脂酸锌,并且其中所述疏水材料包含石油与胺或小烛树蜡。
16.一种肥料产品,所述肥料产品包含多个经涂覆用于水分控制的颗粒,经涂覆的颗粒各自包含:
基肥颗粒;以及
施加至所述基肥颗粒的单个层的水分控制涂层,所述涂层包括疏水材料组分和粗糙化组分,
其中所述疏水材料以全部肥料颗粒的0.5重量%至2.0重量%的量存在,
其中所述粗糙化组分包含粒度为10μm至150μm的微粒,以便在经涂覆的颗粒的最外表面上形成微观表面粗糙度,并且
其中所述粗糙化组分以所述肥料颗粒的0.01重量%至10重量%的量存在。
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EP3911621A1 (en) | 2021-11-24 |
CL2021001892A1 (es) | 2022-06-10 |
WO2020150579A1 (en) | 2020-07-23 |
US20210246083A1 (en) | 2021-08-12 |
US11807588B2 (en) | 2023-11-07 |
US11814329B2 (en) | 2023-11-14 |
AU2020208625A1 (en) | 2021-09-09 |
JOP20210196A1 (ar) | 2023-01-30 |
JP2022522983A (ja) | 2022-04-21 |
AR117840A1 (es) | 2021-09-01 |
CN117362132A (zh) | 2024-01-09 |
MX2021008666A (es) | 2021-10-26 |
CO2021010727A2 (es) | 2021-09-09 |
US20200231516A1 (en) | 2020-07-23 |
CN113710630A (zh) | 2021-11-26 |
EP3911621A4 (en) | 2022-09-21 |
IL284911A (en) | 2021-09-30 |
CA3127057A1 (en) | 2020-07-23 |
BR112021014151A2 (pt) | 2021-09-21 |
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