CN113699050B - 一种连翘茎腐病病原菌fs13及其应用 - Google Patents

一种连翘茎腐病病原菌fs13及其应用 Download PDF

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CN113699050B
CN113699050B CN202111198083.6A CN202111198083A CN113699050B CN 113699050 B CN113699050 B CN 113699050B CN 202111198083 A CN202111198083 A CN 202111198083A CN 113699050 B CN113699050 B CN 113699050B
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forsythia
stem rot
culturing
pathogenic bacteria
rot pathogen
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何艳霞
张永芝
张维瑞
袁王俊
马园园
李永
刘鹏
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Henan University
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Abstract

本发明涉及微生物应用技术领域,具体公开了一种连翘茎腐病病原菌FS13及其应用,所述菌株为FS13,其保藏日期为2021年05月27日,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M2021621,该菌株分类命名为拟茎点霉属Phomopsis sp.。本发明获得的连翘茎腐病病原菌FSI3是引起连翘茎腐病的病原菌之一,甲基硫菌灵杀菌剂对该菌株有明显的抑制作用。

Description

一种连翘茎腐病病原菌FS13及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及微生物应用技术领域,具体涉及一种连翘茎腐病病原菌FS13及其应用。
背景技术
连翘Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl为木犀科落叶灌木,其果实入药,称为连翘。连翘具有清热解毒,消肿散结,疏散风热之功,有疮家圣药之喻。作为我国常用的40种大宗药材品种之一,连翘在“非典”、“禽流感”和“新冠肺炎”流行期间都发挥了重要作用。目前,在发布的治疗新冠肺炎方案中,十大推荐的中成药有四种都含连翘,其中莲花清瘟胶囊居于第二位,在临床上治疗早期风热侵肺,因此,连翘的栽培和栽培质量日益受到关注,对于连翘的栽培,控制其病害是重要的栽培管理手段之一。
连翘以野生为主,在产业扶贫的过程中,卢氏县、灵宝县和陵川县政府等大力推广连翘种植。随着人工种植的开展,植株腐烂病害问题日渐显露,而目前缺乏对其病原菌的准确鉴定及防治的相关研究,引起腐烂病的主要因素是因为微生物。
腐烂病是木本植物枝干主要病害之一,主要造成主枝、主干等部位树皮腐烂,严重者导致植株死亡。引起腐烂病的病原菌种类很多,不同植物腐烂病的病原菌也不同。已报道的腐烂病病原真菌包括腐皮壳属(Valsa),盾囊霉属(Coniothyrium),葡萄座腔菌属(Botryosphaeria),拟茎点霉属(Phomopsis)等。目前,对于棉花、玉米等植物的茎腐病致病菌的研究已经比较深入。迄今为止,有关连翘茎腐病的研究甚少,其病原菌种类及致病性目前尚未见研究报道。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种连翘茎腐病病原菌FS13及其应用,该菌株是引起连翘茎腐病的病原菌之一,甲基硫菌灵杀菌剂对该菌株有明显的抑制作用。
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种连翘茎腐病病原菌FS13,所述菌株FS13的保藏日期为2021年05月27日,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M2021621,该菌株分类命名为拟茎点霉属Phomopsis sp.。
本发明的第二个目的是提供上述连翘茎腐病病原菌FS13的培养方法,利用真菌培养基进行培养。
进一步地,所述的真菌培养基为PDA培养基或者OMA培养基。
进一步地,所述PDA培养基用于观察菌落和菌丝形态。
进一步地,所述OMA培养基用于诱导产孢子。
进一步地,所述病原菌的培养条件为26±1℃恒温培养。
本发明的第三个目的是提供上述病原菌FS13在腐烂病防治中的应用。
进一步地,所述腐烂病由连翘茎腐病病原菌引发。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
1.本发明分离获得一种连翘茎腐病病原菌,该菌株能够被某些杀菌剂有效抑制,实验筛选发现,甲基硫菌灵、百菌清、苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯和嘧菌环胺都有明显的效果,单独用药时,抑制效果最好的是甲基硫菌灵和苯醚甲环唑,抑制效率均能达到100%,本发明研究表明使用复配药剂甲基硫菌灵+吡唑醚菌酯组合,或者苯醚甲环唑+百菌清组合可以避免抗药性的产生,对研究腐烂病的防治提供了依据。
2.本发明采用组织分离法对病原菌进行分离纯化,通过科赫式法则完成致病性测定,基于形态学和分子生物学研究明确其病原菌种类并测定其生物学特性,通过室内毒力测定筛选有效药剂,为进一步研究该病害的发生发展规律和防治奠定基础,从而促进连翘产业的持续健康发展。
生物材料保藏信息说明
FS13,在本申请中称作连翘茎腐病病原菌,已于2021年05月27日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M2021621,保藏单位地址是中国武汉武汉大学,邮政编码:430072,该菌株分类命名为拟茎点霉属(Phomopsis sp.)。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明中的连翘茎腐病病原菌FS13的致病症状和致病性;
其中,图1a为本发明中的病原菌FS13连翘茎腐病症状示意图;
图1b为本发明中的病原菌FS13致病的茎腐病病健交界处;
图1c表示本发明中的病原菌FS13致病直观图;
图2为本发明中的病原菌FS13形态学特征图;
图2a表示本发明中的病原菌FS13菌落图;
图2b表示本发明中的病原菌FS13菌丝形态图;
图2c表示本发明中的病原菌FS13甲型和乙型分生孢子图;
图2d表示本发明中的病原菌FS13甲型分生孢子图;
图2e表示本发明中的病原菌FS13乙型分生孢子图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细描述,但应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。本发明各实施例中所述实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
具体实施例如下:
实施例1
一、菌株的分离和鉴定
1、病原菌的分离、纯化
在三门峡市某连翘种植基地采集样品。五点取样,每点10株,采集新鲜染病样本带回实验室。于样品病健交界处切取5mm*5mm的组织块,用自来水冲洗干净并晾干,用75%的酒精处理30s左右,后在3%的次氯酸钠溶液中浸泡5min,最后用无菌水连续浸洗5次,置于PDA固体培养基上,26℃黑暗培养5d,连续纯化至菌落外观形态均匀一致。
2、病原菌的接种和分离
挑选直径约8mm的健康连翘枝条,75%的酒精消毒后用烧热的直径为5mm的打孔器烫伤枝条表面,同时在培养5d的PDA平板菌落打取菌饼,菌丝面朝下贴在烫伤伤口上,用湿脱脂棉包裹保湿,最后用塑料薄膜进行包扎。每个处理12株,以接种PDA培养基的枝条作为对照。
3、将接种后的枝条做好标记并室温放置培养,待病害症状稳定后,采集病样,再分离病原菌,获取与原分离物一致的分离物;
4、病原菌的形态学鉴定
将上述步骤分离的菌株接种到PDA和OMA培养基上,26℃恒温培养,PDA培养基用于观察菌落和菌丝形态,OMA培养基用于诱导产孢。记录菌落的形态、颜色、生长速度等,做成玻片标本显微观察其产孢情况及形态学特征,包括菌丝形态、孢子形态、孢子长和孢子长宽等;参考《真菌鉴定手册》,确定其分类地位。
5、病原菌的分子鉴定
将第3部分分离获得的病原菌接种至PDA培养皿中,待菌落扩展至整个培养皿,用无菌药匙刮取菌丝,提取DNA,利用ITS1引物(核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示)和ITS4引物(核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示)进行扩增目的片段,,PCR产物送往上海生工进行测序。
SEQ ID NO.1:5′-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3′
SEQ ID NO.2:5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′
二、病原菌致病性测定
1、接种方法:挑选直径约8mm的健康连翘枝条,75%的酒精消毒后用烧热的直径为5mm的打孔器烫伤枝条表面,同时在培养5d的PDA平板菌落打取菌饼,菌丝面朝下贴在烫伤伤口上,用湿脱脂棉包裹保湿,最后用塑料薄膜进行包扎。每个处理12株,以接种PDA培养基的枝条作为对照。将接种后的枝条做好标记并室温放置培养。
2、接种菌株的发病调查:接种十天后观测连翘枝条的病斑形状和病斑大小,并记载接种的病原菌对连翘枝条所置病害症状,对发病部位进行拍照记录,从而确定致病性。
3、连翘茎腐病有效杀菌剂的筛选
挑选市场常规的几种杀菌农药:10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、250g/L醚菌酯悬浮剂(先正达南通作物保护有限公司),6%春雷霉素水剂、1000亿孢子/克枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂(山东鲁抗生物农药有限责任公司),70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂(商品名为甲基托布津,中农立华天津农物化学品有限公司),75%百菌清可湿性粉剂(利民化学有限责任公司),40%嘧菌环胺悬浮剂(山东省青岛瀚生生物科技股份有限公司),25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂(河北中保绿农作物科技有限公司)。
以说明书中给定的稀释范围中最小稀释倍数制备成所需农药浓度,并与PDA培养基混合制成带药平板,用直径5mm打孔器打取菌饼接种于含药平板上。以加入等量无菌水的PDA平板为空白对照。同时采用滤纸片法测定不同杀菌剂对病菌孢子的抑制效果。在无菌条件下,用移液枪吸取200μL孢子悬浮液(浓度为1×106个/mL)涂布于PDA培养基,将灭菌过的直径6mm的滤纸片贴在培养基上,呈正三角形放置3片,每片滤纸片滴加供试药液20μL。以上每个处理重复3次,26℃恒温黑暗培养3d后用十字交叉法测量菌落直径和抑菌圈大小,并计算其抑制率。
抑制率(%)=[(对照菌落平均直径-处理菌落平均直径)/(对照菌落平均直径-菌种直径)]×100%。
三、实验结果
1、田间发病症状与致病性测定
茎腐病于春季开始发病,受害植株树皮隆起呈卷曲状,移去受害部位的树皮,可以看到内部的木质部和韧皮部变为褐色,随着病情的发展变为黑褐色(图1,a),病害发生后植株长势变弱,受害严重时枝干干枯,严重影响其生长。对典型病样组织进行分离纯化,获得连翘茎腐病病原菌FS13,病原菌FS13具有致病性(如图1,c)。图1,b表示茎腐病病健交界处。根据科赫式法则,再次从致病性测定实验的发病枝干上分离到菌株FS13,确定为连翘茎腐病病原菌。
2、病原菌形态学鉴定
FS13菌株菌丝初期为白色,随着培养时间增长,菌丝颜色逐渐加深变成灰白色(图2,a),5d后菌落直径达到9cm,显微镜观察发现,菌丝具隔膜(图2,b),直径(2.43~6.91)μm,具有两种类型的分生孢子(图2,c),甲型分生孢子椭圆形,两端略尖削,各有油球一个(图2,d),其长宽分别为(7.94~12.08)×(2.99~5.47)μm,乙型分生孢子细长如线型,一端略弯曲,有时成钩形(图2,e),其长宽分别为(34.32~46.07)×(2.24~2.58)μm。
3、病原菌分子生物学鉴定
分子生物学鉴定证明FS13菌株为拟茎点霉属(Phomopsis sp.)真菌。
4、连翘茎腐病菌室内有效杀菌剂的筛选
通过筛选,发现不同杀菌剂对连翘茎腐病菌菌丝和孢子生长的抑制效果有很大差异,具体数值见表1。
表1不同杀菌剂对连翘茎腐病菌菌丝和孢子生长的抑制效果
Figure BDA0003303856190000071
结果如表1所示,甲基硫菌灵、百菌清、苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯和嘧菌环胺这5种杀菌剂对本发明病原菌FS13都有明显抑制作用。为了避免抗药性的产生,结合实验过程中的菌落直径,抑制效率和抑菌直径的实验数据。甲基硫菌灵+吡唑醚菌酯组合,或者苯醚甲环唑+百菌清组合进行连翘茎腐病的防治为优选组合。
5、有效杀菌剂的药剂毒力测定结果
表2不同杀菌剂对连翘茎腐病菌菌丝生长的毒力回归方程
Figure BDA0003303856190000072
药剂筛选结果表明(表2),甲基硫菌灵、百菌清、苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯和嘧菌环胺这5种杀菌剂对此病原菌都有明显抑制作用。其中抑制效果最好的是甲基硫菌灵,EC50为0.3463mg·L-1,其次是百菌清和吡唑醚菌酯,EC50分别为0.5252mg·L-1和0.8293mg·L-1
尽管已描述了本发明的优选实施例,但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念,则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以,所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本发明范围的所有变更和修改。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样,倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (6)

1.一种连翘茎腐病病原菌FS13,其特征在于,所述菌株FS13的保藏日期为2021年05月27日,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M2021621。
2.一种权利要求1所述的连翘茎腐病病原菌FS13的培养方法,其特征在于,利用真菌培养基进行培养。
3.如权利要求2所述的连翘茎腐病病原菌FS13的培养方法,其特征在于,所述的真菌培养基为PDA培养基或者OMA培养基。
4.如权利要求3所述的连翘茎腐病病原菌FS13的培养方法,其特征在于,所述PDA培养基用于观察菌落和菌丝形态。
5.如权利要求3所述的连翘茎腐病病原菌FS13的培养方法,其特征在于,所述OMA培养基用于诱导产孢子。
6.如权利要求5所述的连翘茎腐病病原菌FS13的培养方法,其特征在于,所述病原菌的培养条件为26±1℃恒温培养。
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