CN113693085A - 一种马齿苋细胞水的提取方法及得到的马齿苋细胞水的应用 - Google Patents
一种马齿苋细胞水的提取方法及得到的马齿苋细胞水的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种马齿苋细胞水的提取方法,主要是利用低温‑真空(减压)提取技术,先在短时间内初步提取出一部分马齿苋细胞水,在液体中加入一定量的纤维素酶、果胶酶,再反倒入初步提取后的马齿苋残渣中,再次低温‑减压提取一定的时间,得到一种富含60多种挥发性活性成分的马齿苋细胞水,无多糖和黄酮,同时具有一定的抑菌效果,可以作为一种绿色天然的原料,用于护肤品、食品、保健品等领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农产品处理技术领域,具体涉及一种马齿苋细胞水的提取方法及得到的马齿苋细胞水的应用。
背景技术
马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea Linn.)系马齿苋科马齿苋属肉质草本植物,别名马齿草、五星草、长命草、长寿菜等,广布全世界温带和热带地区,是我国卫生部划定的78种药食同源的野生植物之一,为我国药典所收藏,并被列入2008北京奥运会的菜谱。马齿苋含有大量的维生素、矿物质、不饱和脂肪酸、氨基酸、去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺、黄酮、生物碱等多种活性成分,具有降血脂、降血糖、抗衰老、消炎抑菌、增强免疫等多种保健功能和医疗疾病作用。马齿苋已被称为将来的“主力食品”、“天然的抗生素”。经查阅文献资料表明:马齿苋具有抗菌作用,对痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌、大肠杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌均有一定的抑制作用。此外,里面含有α-亚麻酸、γ-氨基丁素能够缓解表活类引起的皮肤炎症。
传统提取马齿苋工艺为水提法、醇提法,整个过程操作复杂,提取率低,活性成分不明确等。中国专利申请CN107496471A公开了一种马齿笕的提取方法,:马齿苋全草粉碎、过筛,采用超声萃取法提取马齿苋全草中的总黄酮,在超生功率600W,乙醇浓度70%,料液比g:mL为1:30,超声温度40℃的条件下,超声20min,5000rpm离心10min,取上清液,浓缩干燥得马齿苋提取物。但是,该方法采用了乙醇作为提取剂,乙醇无法完全去除,导致一些对于乙醇过敏者不可食用。
酶解法也常用于植物细胞液的提取中。中国专利申请CN109730948A公开了一种采用超声低温旋蒸法和酶法相结合制备牡丹鲜花细胞水的方法:首先通过压榨法得到榨汁和残渣1,再将残渣1旋蒸得到细胞水1和残渣2,最后将残渣2进行酶解再旋蒸得到细胞水3。将榨汁、细胞水1/2混合后得到高收率牡丹花细胞水。该方法具有较高的提取效率,但是具有如下缺陷:(1)采用压榨法,后与真空提取法得到的液体混合,这样会带入多糖、色素和刺激气味,导致防腐和脱色问题;(2)工艺后期配合其他植物一起蒸馏,解决防腐问题,但是容易改变原有的牡丹花细胞水成分和气味!后期生产也无法控制品质。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种马齿苋细胞水的提取方法,不仅提取速度快,而且马齿苋细胞水中不含有多糖和黄酮等大分子难挥发物质,气味清香,具有一定的抑菌作用,无需额外添加防腐剂,可以作为一种绿色天然的原料用于护肤品、食品、保健品等领域。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种马齿苋细胞水的提取方法,包括以下步骤:不加入溶剂,将切好的马齿苋在35℃-65℃、压力-60kPa~-101kPa下初步提取,马齿苋细胞水形成蒸气后冷凝收集液体,提取1.5-3小时,得到初提细胞液和初提残渣,加入初始马齿苋总重量为基准的0.15%-0.4%的纤维素酶和0-0.1%的果胶酶,再将初提细胞液加入初提残渣中,在35℃-55℃、压力-75kPa~-101kPa条件下再次提取,5-8小时提取结束,收集得到马齿苋细胞水。
马齿苋中含有大量细胞水,因此初步提取时间是关键参数之一,如果时间太短,提取出的马齿苋细胞水过少,加入酶后细胞水很难湿润马齿苋表面,导致酶解不能正常进行。如果初步提取时间过长,细胞水流出过多,降低了后续提取效率,也增加了酶解时间带来过度酶解的风险。本发明通过在初提细胞水中加入一定量的酶,再次投入容器中对马齿苋残渣进行提取,具有如下有益优点。第一、初提细胞水表面张力低,渗透性好;第二、初提细胞水pH为3-7,无需额外调节pH,有利于提高酶活性;第三、酶解能够加速破壁;第四、低温真空技术。通过四种效应的协同,能够在较低温度(35-65℃)下控制酶解速度,加快细胞液流出速度。再次提取步骤中的前1小时左右会蒸除掉倒回容器内的初提细胞水,加快酶解速度,缩短酶解的时长(此时初提液体的多少就至关重要,多了会延长酶解时间,少了会缩短酶解时间),也避免了传统酶解法需要加入大量的水稀释细胞液以及酶解过度带来的刺激气味。
关于初提液体的渗透性,通过实验发现,相比采用纯水作为溶剂,马齿苋细胞水作为溶剂提取马齿苋残渣时能够多提取出50%以上的黄酮和多糖等活性成分。
优选的,所述的初提取温度为40℃-55℃、压力-70kPa~-101kPa条件。优选的初提温度可以达到多提取出初提细胞液与活性成分保留的平衡。
优选的,纤维素酶的加入量为0.2%-0.3%,果胶酶加入量为0.01%-0.05%。
优选的,再次提取步骤中,提取条件为40℃-50℃、压力-80kPa~-101kPa。通过优选的再次提取步骤,能够保证初提细胞液存在时间为45分钟-1.5小时范围内,保证均衡的酶解时间。
在提取过程中进行搅拌,搅拌速度为1-150转/分钟。通过搅拌可以提升马齿笕片的暴露率,提升减压条件下的细胞液渗出效果。
收集过程中进行冷凝,温度为-10~8℃。
所述的马齿苋为全草(包括叶子、茎、根),切成1-10mm厚。本发明选取新鲜的马齿苋全草,无霉变和腐烂,采摘后存放时间应不超过30日,以保证马齿苋的鲜嫩多汁以及提取得到的细胞水菌落数量。
通过上述的提取方法得到的马齿苋细胞水具有清香与一定的抑菌效果,其可以应用于食品、保健品、药品及化妆品。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
通过单一低温-真空提取技术得到的马齿苋细胞水,挥发性活性成分较少,气味相对较淡,并且提取时间比较长。本发明不加入任何溶剂,利用低温真空提取技术与酶解技术能够加速细胞液提取速度的同时,也能够抑制酶解法过度酶解会导致有色物质与重异味物质析出的缺陷。通过本发明方法得到的马齿苋细胞水具有60多种挥发性活性成分,清香,澄清透明,不含有多糖、黄酮等易霉变物质,具有一定的抑菌效果,提升了长期存放稳定性。
附图说明
图1:马齿苋细胞水GC图谱。
图2:马齿苋细胞水安全性测试结果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明,但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是,对本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例和对比例所采用的马齿苋全草无霉变,洗净后沥干水分进行以下实施例和对比例提取实验。
实施例1:不加入任何溶剂,将50kg马齿苋全草利用往复式切割机切割成2-5mm的叶片、2-5mm厚的茎、2-5mm厚的根,45℃、压力-80kPa下初步提取,马齿苋细胞水形成蒸气后冷凝收集液体,提取2小时,得到初提细胞液和马齿苋初提残渣,加入100g纤维素酶和25g果胶酶,再将初提细胞液加入初提残渣中,在45℃、压力-90kPa条件下再次提取,7小时提取结束,收集得到马齿苋细胞水。提取全程冷凝温度-5℃,搅拌45转/分。得到的马齿苋细胞水澄清透明,清香浓郁,收率91.2%。
实施例2:与实施例1的区别在于,初提温度为35℃,初提压力为-60kPa。得到的马齿苋细胞水澄清透明,清香浓郁,收率81.2%。
实施例3:与实施例1的区别在于,初提温度为60℃。得到的马齿苋细胞水澄清透明,清香浓郁,收率90.3%.
实施例4:与实施例1的区别在于,再次提取步骤条件为35℃、压力为-75kPa。得到的马齿苋细胞水澄清透明,清香浓郁,收率88.7%。
实施例5:与实施例1的区别在于,再次提取温度为55℃、压力为-100kPa。得到的马齿苋细胞水澄清透明,清香浓郁,收率88.2%。
实施例6:不加入任何溶剂,将50kg马齿苋全草利用往复式切割机切割成2-5mm的叶片、2-5mm厚的茎、2-5mm厚的根,35℃、压力-90kPa下初步提取,马齿苋细胞水形成蒸气后冷凝收集液体,提取3小时,得到初提细胞液和马齿苋初提残渣,加入150g纤维素酶和30g果胶酶,再将初提细胞液加入初提残渣中,在50℃、压力-80kPa条件下再次提取,5小时提取结束,收集得到马齿苋细胞水。提取全程冷凝温度-5℃,搅拌45转/分。得到的马齿苋细胞水澄清透明,清香浓郁,收率90%。
对比例1:不加入任何溶剂,将50kg马齿苋全草利用往复式切割机切割成2-5mm的叶片、2-5mm厚的茎、2-5mm厚的根,在45℃、压力-100kPa下提取,马齿苋细胞水形成蒸气后冷凝收集液体(冷凝温度为-5℃),提取8小时,全程搅拌45转/分,得到马齿苋细胞水,液体透明、清香味较淡,收率78.2%。
对比例2:将50kg马齿苋全草利用往复式切割机切割成2-5mm的叶片、2-5mm厚的茎、2-5mm厚的根,与5kg水、200g纤维素酶和50g果胶酶混合后在60℃、压力-100kPa下提取,马齿苋细胞水形成蒸气后冷凝收集液体(冷凝温度为-5℃),提取8小时,全程搅拌45转/分,马齿苋细胞水,收率为98.6%(其中含有5kg的外来水),液体透明、清香味淡。
对比例3:将50kg马齿苋全草利用往复式切割机切割成2-5mm的叶片、2-5mm厚的茎、2-5mm厚的根,与5kg水、100g纤维素酶和25g果胶酶混合后在50-60℃下搅拌6小时,全程搅拌45转/分,过滤(两重过滤,先采用离心机固液分离,再采用0.22um滤膜精滤)得到马齿苋细胞水,收率为93.7%(其中含有5kg的外来水),液体中有细小悬浮物并且异味重。
对比例4:与实施例1的区别在于,初提时间为1小时。得到的马齿苋细胞水澄清透明,清香较淡,收率83.4%。
对比例5:与实施例1的区别在于,初提时间为4小时。得到的马齿苋细胞水澄清透明,清香味中有明显的刺激气味,收率87.2%。
表1:实施例和对比例所提取马齿苋细胞液检测结果
续表1
实施例和对比例实验数据评价:
由对比例1可知,通过采用单一低温-真空提取法,提取得到的细胞液虽然防腐性能合格,但是活性成分较少、气味较淡。
由对比例2可知,虽然额外加入5kg水与纤维素酶、果胶酶,但是由于水的加入量不足,无法覆盖植物表面,并且半小时即蒸发完毕导致酶解不足。
由对比例3可知,采用纯酶解技术,导致酶解过度、异味重,并且即使通过双重过滤,液体中还是会含有一些肉眼可见细小悬浮物。
由对比例4/5可知,初提时间也会较大的影响整个提取过程:如初提时间过短,无法覆盖植物表面,不到半小时即蒸发完毕导致酶解不足;如初提时间过长,植物中层的细胞水都已流出,加入酶后再次提取过程中,酶解时间过长,导致有明显异味。
各项测试方法:
(1)马齿苋细胞水活性成分分析:在80℃进样温度下进行顶空气质检测。
1.仪器信息:
Agilent 7980A GC;
MS:5975C;
50/30μm CAR/PDMS/DVB萃取纤维头,美国SUPELCO公司。
2.GC-MS条件:
色谱柱为HP-INNOWAX毛细管柱子(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm);载气为He,流速1mL/min,分离比5:1;进样温度为250℃;升温程序为起始温度为40℃,保持5min,以8℃/min,升至250℃,保持5min。
质谱条件:EI电离源,能量70eV;离子源温度230℃,四极杆温度150℃,接口温度250℃,扫描范围30-400m/z。
3.样品前处理:
将5mL样品、1g NaCl置于20ml顶空瓶中,拧紧瓶盖。于搅拌模式80℃下平衡5min后,用固相微萃取针80℃下萃取5min,然后于进样口解析5min。
表2:实施例1马齿苋细胞水顶空气检测结果(仅保留含量高的成分)
(2)马齿苋细胞水喷雾防腐挑战测试
将制备得到的马齿苋细胞水,添加到如下喷雾配方中。接种一定数量的细菌和真菌,间隔0天、7天、14天、21天、28天按照美国药典USP32<51>微生物防腐功效测试的检测方法检测微生物数量变化情况。同时做空白对照,将马齿苋细胞水换成去离子水。
表3:实验喷雾配方
表4:实施例1中马齿苋细胞水的防腐挑战测试结果
表4空白组防腐挑战测试结果
(3)马齿苋细胞水安全性测试
HaCaT细胞为人永生表皮细胞系,对HaCaT细胞的细胞毒性,可作为对皮肤安全性的参考数据。正常细胞代谢旺盛,其线粒体内的琥珀酸脱氢酶,可将四唑盐类物质还原为带颜色的结晶状物质,沉积在细胞周围,该变化可通过酶标仪读取OD值,通过OD值与空白对照组的比较,可以得知细胞的相对生长情况。实施例1细胞水安全性测试见说明书附图2。
Claims (8)
1.一种马齿苋细胞水的提取方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:不加入溶剂,将切好的马齿苋在35℃-65℃、压力-60kPa~ -101kPa下初步提取,马齿苋细胞水形成蒸气后冷凝收集液体,提取1.5-3小时,得到初提细胞液和初提残渣,加入初始马齿苋总重量为基准的0.15%-0.4%的纤维素酶和0-0.1%的果胶酶,再将初提细胞液加入初提残渣中,在35℃-55℃、压力-75kPa~ -101kPa条件下再次提取,5-8小时提取结束,收集得到马齿苋细胞水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的马齿苋细胞水的提取方法,其特征在于,所述的初提取温度为40℃-55℃、压力-70kPa~ -101kPa条件。
3.根据权利要求1所述的马齿苋细胞水的提取方法,其特征在于,纤维素酶的加入量为0.2%-0.3%,果胶酶加入量为0.01%-0.05%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的马齿苋细胞水的提取方法,其特征在于,再次提取步骤中,提取条件为40℃-50℃、压力-80kPa~ -101kPa。
5.根据权利要求1所述的马齿苋细胞水的提取方法,其特征在于,在提取过程中进行搅拌,搅拌速度为1-150转/分钟。
6.根据权利要求1所述的马齿苋细胞水的提取方法,其特征在于,收集过程中进行冷凝,温度为-10~8℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的马齿苋细胞水的提取方法,其特征在于,所述的马齿苋全草切成1-10mm厚。
8.权利要求1-7任一项所述的提取方法得到的马齿苋细胞水的应用,其特征在于,用于食品、保健品、药品及化妆品。
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