CN113690118B - Novel helix slow wave structure with variable pitch and variable inner diameter - Google Patents
Novel helix slow wave structure with variable pitch and variable inner diameter Download PDFInfo
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- CN113690118B CN113690118B CN202110865762.8A CN202110865762A CN113690118B CN 113690118 B CN113690118 B CN 113690118B CN 202110865762 A CN202110865762 A CN 202110865762A CN 113690118 B CN113690118 B CN 113690118B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
- H01J23/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
- H01J23/26—Helical slow-wave structures; Adjustment therefor
- H01J23/27—Helix-derived slow-wave structures
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- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
- H01J23/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
- H01J23/30—Damping arrangements associated with slow-wave structures, e.g. for suppression of unwanted oscillations
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Abstract
The invention provides a variable-pitch and variable-inner-diameter helical line slow wave structure, and belongs to the technical field of vacuum electronics. The slow wave structure enables return wave oscillation and higher harmonics to be restrained by specifically changing the inner diameter and the thread pitch of the spiral line, and obtains higher efficiency of the traveling wave tube, the electronic efficiency can reach 16% when the output power of a Q wave band is saturated, and the electronic efficiency can reach 4% when the output power is backed off by 6 dB.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vacuum electronics, and particularly relates to a novel helical line slow wave structure with variable pitch and variable inner diameter.
Background
With the rapid development of electronic communication technology, the requirements of a communication system on the frequency and the efficiency of a power amplifier device are higher and higher, and due to the limitations of self heat dissipation problems, frequency, efficiency, power and the like of a semiconductor device, the urgent needs of a future communication system are difficult to meet at present, and vacuum electronic devices such as a traveling wave tube have great advantages in this respect. The traveling wave tube is used as a final power amplifier and widely applied to electronic equipment such as radars, electronic countermeasures, communication, accurate guidance and the like.
An important criterion for measuring the performance of the traveling wave tube is the efficiency of the traveling wave tube. In future communication systems, since power amplifiers are typically operated in the linear region rather than at the saturation point, it is desirable that high frequency power amplifiers should also have high efficiency at an output power back-off of 6 dB. Researchers have resorted to a number of different techniques to improve the efficiency of traveling wave tubes. Currently, there are mainly two methods: the first is a speed resynchronization technique; the second is the depressed collector technique. The velocity resynchronization technique refers to a technique for re-exciting effective beam interaction by changing the phase velocity or electron beam velocity to reduce the necessary velocity difference between the electron beam and the high frequency traveling wave field when the beam interaction tends to be stable. At present, the technology is mainly realized by three methods, namely a phase speed gradual change method, a phase speed jump method and a voltage jump method, considering the difficulty of processing realization, and particularly under the condition of a high frequency band, compared with voltage jump, phase speed jump and gradual change are more effective and easily realized speed resynchronization modes.
The Q-wave band spiral line traveling wave tube has the advantages of high frequency, wide bandwidth and high signal transmission rate, and has important application prospect in future communication systems. Aiming at a spiral line slow wave structure, the traditional method mainly realizes speed resynchronization by generating corresponding jumping and gradual change of the phase speed of a high-frequency electromagnetic field through pitch jumping and gradual change, thereby improving the efficiency of a traveling wave tube. However, the helical slow-wave structure with a simple pitch change is difficult to suppress the high-power backward wave oscillation of the traveling wave tube on one hand, and cannot ensure the stable operation of the traveling wave tube; on the other hand, the method still cannot meet the efficiency requirement of a future communication system for 6dB of output power back-off in the aspect of improving the efficiency of the traveling wave tube. For example, patent CN20669744U discloses a slow-wave structure comprising a multi-graded helical traveling-wave tube and a high-frequency structure thereof, wherein the pitches of an input section and an output section of the slow-wave structure are changed, but the saturated electronic efficiency of the slow-wave structure in a Q-wave band of 43.5-46.5GHz is 10.11%; a helical line traveling wave tube with variable pitch and variable inner diameter is discussed in a master academic paper of Wang of electronic science and technology university '8-18 GHz high-power helical line traveling wave tube' in 2016, but the frequency band is low, the back wave oscillation is inhibited only by using a variable inner diameter structure, and the method is completely different from the method for changing the pitch and the inner diameter.
Therefore, a helical slow wave structure which can be used for realizing high efficiency of the Q-band traveling wave tube and effectively inhibiting return wave oscillation is a key problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a novel helix slow-wave structure with variable pitch and variable inner diameter. The slow wave structure enables return wave oscillation and higher harmonics to be restrained by changing the inner diameter and the screw pitch of the spiral line, obtains higher efficiency of the traveling wave tube, and has higher efficiency when the output power returns by 6 dB.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a variable-pitch and variable-inner-diameter helical line slow wave structure comprises a helical line, an attenuator, a clamping rod and a tube shell; the spiral line is fixed by three uniformly distributed clamping rods, and the other ends of the clamping rods are fixed on the pipe shell;
the spiral line comprises an input section, an output section and a cutting area; the cutting-off area is positioned between the input section and the output section and is used for cutting off a feedback path;
the attenuator comprises a centralized attenuator and a distributed attenuator; the centralized attenuators are arranged on two sides of the cut-off area and used for absorbing reflected waves and return waves, and the distributed attenuators are arranged in the input section and used for absorbing the reflected waves and the return waves;
The pitch of the input section is fixed, the inner diameter is gradually changed, and the inner diameter S at the starting end is 1 And inner diameter S of cutting area 2 Satisfy the relation S 1 ＝1.0769S 2 After the speed modulation and the density modulation of the input section, the electron beams realize the electron clustering at the tail end of the input section and establish the increased wave;
the inner diameter of the output section is gradually changed, the pitch jumps, the output section is sequentially divided into a phase speed increasing section, a negative jumping section, a positive jumping section and a phase speed reducing section, and the pitch of each section is P 1 、P 2 、P 3 And P 4 Axial length is respectively L 2 、L 3 、L 4 And L 5 The phase velocity increasing section is used for compensating the electronic phase and further clustering clustered electrons at the tail end of the input section, and the phase velocity reducing section gives the energy of the electron beam to the electromagnetic field as much as possible to finish energy output; wherein, P 2 ＝0.974P 1 ，P 3 ＝1.026P 1 ，P 4 ＝0.962P 1 ，L 2 ＝0.22L，L 3 ＝0.08L，L 4 ＝0.2L，L 5 ＝0.087L；
The inner diameters of the spiral lines of the input section and the output end are the same in the cutting area, the two ends of the spiral lines are also the same, the screw pitches of the input section and the phase velocity increasing section are the same, and the screw pitches are P 1 。
Further, the axial length L of the input section 1 The relation should be satisfied: l is 1 0.4L-0.413L, wherein L is the whole length of the slow wave structure and is 80-100 mm.
Further, the pitch P 1 Is preferably 0.3-0.5mm in length.
Further, the axial length of the cutting area is 1-2 mm.
Further, the distributed attenuators are arranged in one or more modes, so that the gain of the electron beam after passing through the input section is not more than 26 dB.
Further, the attenuation amounts of the distributed attenuator and the concentrated attenuator are different.
The mechanism of the invention is as follows: the input section changes the phase velocity of the high-frequency field by using the change of the radius of the input section, and the electron beam realizes electron clustering at the tail end of the input section after velocity modulation and density modulation of the input section to establish a longwave; the output section is a gradual change section on the inner diameter of the spiral line, jumps on the screw pitch, compensates the electronic phase, further clusters clustered electrons at the tail end of the input section, and simultaneously enables the energy of the electron beam to be given to the electromagnetic field as much as possible to finish energy output. Considering that the radius of an electron beam is gradually increased at the rear end of the slow wave structure when the traveling wave tube works, and the filling ratio of the electron beam needs to be kept in a certain range to obtain the optimal wave injection interaction effect, the inner diameter of the slow wave structure and the radius of the electron beam are synchronously increased in certain areas, so that a high-frequency field can obtain more energy from the electron beam, and the efficiency is improved.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the phase velocity increasing section of the output section is set to be in a structure that the pitch is subjected to negative hopping and then is subjected to positive hopping, and the structure effectively inhibits higher harmonic components, so that the bunching effect is better, and the electronic efficiency of the traveling wave tube is greatly improved.
2. According to the invention, by adopting the helical line slow wave structure with variable pitch and variable inner diameter, the generated variable phase speed enables the oscillation starting length of the backward wave oscillation to be increased, so that the backward wave oscillation in the traveling wave tube is effectively inhibited, and the stable operation of the traveling wave tube under high gain is ensured. Meanwhile, the inner diameter of the slow-wave structure of the output section is correspondingly increased in the area where the electron beam radius is gradually increased, so that the filling ratio is kept in a range with a good wave injection interaction effect, and the better wave injection interaction effect is obtained, and the electron efficiency of the traveling-wave tube is improved.
3. The spiral slow wave structure provided by the invention is suitable for a Q wave band, namely the frequency is 36-40GHz, the electronic efficiency can reach 16% when the output power is saturated, and the electronic efficiency can reach 4% when the output power is backed off by 6 dB.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view of a monocycle helix slow wave structure of an embodiment;
wherein, (a) is a left view, (b) is a front view, and (c) is a three-dimensional model diagram of a partial structure.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the helix in the slow wave structure of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram and a frequency spectrum diagram of the embodiment when operating at 39 GHz;
wherein, (a) is a waveform diagram, and (b) is a frequency spectrum diagram.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of output power and electronic efficiency of a variable pitch and variable inner diameter helical traveling-wave tube in an embodiment;
Wherein, (a) is output power and electronic efficiency at saturation, and (b) is output power and electronic efficiency at an output power back-off of 6 dB.
Fig. 5 is a gain diagram of the variable pitch and variable inner diameter helical traveling wave tube in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments and accompanying drawings.
A variable-pitch and variable-inner-diameter helical line slow wave structure comprises a helical line, an attenuator, a clamping rod and a tube shell; the structural view is shown in fig. 1, wherein the spiral line is fixed by three uniformly distributed clamping rods, and the other ends of the clamping rods are fixed on the pipe shell, as shown in (a) of fig. 1;
the spiral line comprises an input section, an output section and a cutting area, and the structural schematic diagram of the spiral line is shown in FIG. 2;
the input section is used for the speed modulation and the density modulation of electrons, the inner diameter of the input section is of a gradual change structure and is used for inhibiting backward wave oscillation, and electron beams realize electron clustering at the tail end of the input section after the speed modulation and the density modulation of the input section so as to establish a lengthening wave;
an output section including a phase speed increasing section, a negative transition section, a positive transition section and a phase speed reducing section; the phase velocity increasing section compensates the electronic phase and continuously clusters clustered electrons entering the output section, and the phase velocity reducing section gives the energy of the electron beam to the electromagnetic field as much as possible to finish energy output;
And the cut-off region is positioned between the input section and the output section and is used for cutting off a feedback path and inhibiting the reflection oscillation.
The attenuator comprises a centralized attenuator and a distributed attenuator; the centralized attenuators are arranged on two sides of the cut-off area and used for absorbing reflected waves and return waves, and the distributed attenuators are arranged in the input section and also used for absorbing the reflected waves and the return waves; the attenuator is formed by spraying carbon on the clamping rod, and the thickness and the range of the attenuator determine the attenuation.
The present invention will be described in detail below.
The input section of the present invention corresponds to AB in FIG. 2 1 And the section carries out speed modulation and density modulation of electrons, realizes electronic clustering and establishes a longwave. The whole section of the inner diameter is gradually changed from S 1 Change to S 2 For suppressing back wave oscillation, inner diameter S 1 And inner diameter S of cutting area 2 Satisfies the following relation: s 1 ＝1.0769S 2 。AB 1 Pitch of the segment is P 1 To make the electron beam at AB 1 The section has good electron clustering effect, and can inhibit backward wave oscillation and axial length L of input section 1 Satisfies the following relation: l is 1 The value of the embodiment is L through simulation optimization, namely 0.4L-0.45L 1 ＝0.4108L；
Output segment correspondence B in the invention 2 Segment F, including phase velocity increasing segment, corresponding to segment B 2 The phase speed increasing section is internally provided with a structure with a screw pitch which is negatively jumped and then positively jumped, namely B 2 C, CD, DE paragraph, its function is: higher harmonic components are suppressed, and the electronic efficiency is improved; wherein the pitch and distribution of the phase velocity increasing section determines the coupling degree of the electron beam and the space charge wave, B 2 The corresponding thread pitches of the sections C, CD and DE are respectively as follows: p 1 ，P 2 ，P 3 The axial length is respectively: l is 2 ，L 3 ，L 4 The following relational expression is satisfied: p 2 ＝0.974P 1 ，P 3 ＝1.026P 1 ，L 2 ＝0.22L，L 3 ＝0.08L，L 4 ＝0.2L；
The phase velocity reduction section in the output section corresponds to the EF section, and the screw pitch is P 4 Axial length of L 5 The following relational expression is satisfied: p 4 ＝0.962P 1 ，L 5 ＝0.087L；
The cut-off region is 1mm between the input section and the output section, and is used for cutting off a feedback path and inhibiting self-excited oscillation including reflection oscillation and return wave oscillation.
The inner diameters of the spiral lines of the input section and the output end are the same in the cutting area, the two ends of the spiral lines are also the same, the screw pitches of the input section and the phase velocity increasing section are the same, and the screw pitches are P 1 Wherein L is 80-100mm, P 1 Is 0.3-0.5 mm.
According to the variable-pitch and variable-inner-diameter helical line slow wave structure disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the simulation optimization is carried out by utilizing three-dimensional PIC simulation software, and the simulation result is shown in FIGS. 3-5 under the conditions that the injection voltage is 8500V, the injection current is 0.06A and the periodic focusing magnetic field (peak value-0.4T). FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram and a frequency spectrum diagram of the slow-wave structure of the present invention operating at 39 GHz; wherein, (a) is a waveform diagram, and (b) is a frequency spectrum diagram. As shown in fig. 3 (a), the output waveform is substantially stable at 5ns without large fluctuation, and the corresponding spectrogram is shown in fig. 3 (b), which shows that the frequency spectrum is purer without other clutter peaks, and the backward wave oscillation and the reflected oscillation are well suppressed. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the saturated output power and the electronic efficiency of the variable-pitch and variable-inner-diameter helical traveling-wave tube in the embodiment, as shown in the figure, in a frequency range of 36GHz-40GHz, the saturated output power is greater than 84W, the corresponding electronic efficiency exceeds 16.47%, when the output power is backed to about 6dB, the output power is above 20W, and the corresponding electronic efficiency is higher than 4%, so that high efficiency is achieved. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the gain of the variable pitch and variable inner diameter helical traveling-wave tube in the embodiment, in which the saturation gain exceeds 46.69dB in the operating frequency band, and the gain exceeds 55.5dB when the output is backed off by 6 dB. In general, the invention realizes the suppression of the return wave oscillation and the reflection oscillation, and simultaneously has higher electronic efficiency and output power.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise; all of the disclosed features, or all of the method or process steps, may be combined in any combination, except mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Claims (6)
1. A helical line slow wave structure with variable pitch and variable inner diameter is characterized in that the helical line slow wave structure comprises a helical line, an attenuator, a clamping rod and a pipe shell; the spiral line is fixed by three uniformly distributed clamping rods, and the other ends of the clamping rods are fixed on the pipe shell;
the spiral line comprises an input section, an output section and a cutting area; the cutting-off area is positioned between the input section and the output section and is used for cutting off a feedback path;
the attenuator comprises a centralized attenuator and a distributed attenuator; the centralized attenuators are arranged on two sides of the cut-off area and used for absorbing reflected waves and return waves, and the distributed attenuators are arranged in the input section and used for absorbing the reflected waves and the return waves;
the pitch of the input section is fixed, the inner diameter is gradually changed, and the inner diameter S at the starting end is 1 And inner diameter S of cutting area 2 Satisfy the relation S 1 ＝1.0769S 2 After the speed modulation and the density modulation of the input section, the electron beams realize the electron clustering at the tail end of the input section and establish the increased wave;
the inner diameter of the output section is gradually changed, the pitch jumps, the output section is sequentially divided into a phase speed increasing section, a negative jumping section, a positive jumping section and a phase speed reducing section, and the pitch of each section is P 1 、P 2 、P 3 And P 4 Axial length is respectively L 2 、L 3 、L 4 And L 5 The phase velocity increasing section is used for compensating the electronic phase and further clustering clustered electrons at the tail end of the input section, and the phase velocity reducing section gives the energy of the electron beam to the electromagnetic field as much as possible to finish energy output; wherein, P 2 ＝0.974P 1 ，P 3 ＝1.026P 1 ，P 4 ＝0.962P 1 ，L 2 ＝0.22L，L 3 ＝0.08L，L 4 ＝0.2L，L 5 0.087L, wherein L is the whole length of the slow wave structure;
the inner diameters of the spiral lines of the input section and the output end are the same in the cutting area and are also the same at the two ends, and the screw pitches of the input section and the phase velocity increasing section are the same and are P 1 。
2. The slow-wave helix structure of claim 1, wherein the axial length L of the input section is greater than the axial length L of the input section 1 The relation should be satisfied: l is 1 0.4L-0.413L, wherein L is the whole length of the slow wave structure and is 80-100 mm.
3. The slow-wave helix structure according to claim 1, wherein the pitch P is 1 The length of (A) is 0.3-0.5 mm.
4. The slow wave helix structure of claim 1, wherein the axial length of the cut-out regions is from 1 to 2 mm.
5. The slow-wave helix structure according to claim 1, wherein one or more of the distributed attenuators are arranged to provide a gain of no more than 26dB for electron beams passing through the input section.
6. The slow-wave helix structure according to claim 1, wherein the distributed attenuator and the concentrated attenuator have different attenuation amounts.
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| CN101728183B (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2012-07-18 | 安徽华东光电技术研究所 | Slow wave structure used for X-waveband space travelling wave tube |
| CN103489741B (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2016-04-13 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of helix TWT dynamic phase velocity gradient pitch distributed architecture and method for designing |
| CN106024554B (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2018-08-21 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of high-frequency structure design method for ultra wide band helix TWT |
| CN206697441U (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-12-01 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | The slow-wave structure and its high-frequency structure of helix TWT comprising more transitions |
| CN112863976B (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2024-02-06 | 南京三乐集团有限公司 | Design method for electrical performance of spiral slow-wave circuit of L-band 500W space traveling wave tube |
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